Tài liệu Oxford Collocations Dictionary for students of English_ Chương 2.15 pdf

properly, well Ipoorly a poorly maintained tral heating system cen-• VERB + MAINTAIN be difficultto I be easy to • PHRASES be responsible for maintaining sth maintenance noun 1 keeping s

machine noun

1 piece of equipment

• ADJ great, huge, large, powerful Iautomatic,

elec-tronic Ilabour-saving Iingenious, versatile I

sophis-ticated Ireliable Idefective Icash, coffee, exercise,

fax, sewing, (telephone) answering, vending, video,

washing Ikidney, life-support The crash victim is now

on a life-support machine.

• VERB+MACHINE operate, use, work Iinstall We've

had a new washing machine installed. Istart, stop I

plug in, unplug Ibuild, make Iservice Idesign The

machine is designed tofit under a counter.

• MACHINE+ VERB go, workHave you got the machine

working again? Ibreakdown IrunThe machine runs on

solar power.

• MACHINE + NOUN operator Iparts Itool machine

toolsfor making weapons

• PREP by The potatoes are planted by machine. in

a/the -Just put those clothes in the machine (= the

wash-ing machine) on a/the -I make my own dresses on my

sewing machine I-for a machinefor making coffee

• PHRASES a make of machine What make of machine

are they using?

2 system/organization

• ADJ party, political The independent candidates did

not have the support of a party machine. Iadministrative,

government, state Ipropaganda, publicity Imilitary,

warthe president's propaganda machine

• PHRASES a cog in the machine (figurative) Tired of

being a tiny cog in a vast machine, he handed in his

resig-nation.a well-oiled machine (figurative) The department

ran like a well-oiled machine since the reorganization.

machinery noun

• ADJ heavy Icomplex, complicated, elaborate,

so-phisticated Ielectrical Iagricultural, construction,

farm, industrial, manufacturing, office, textile

• QUANT piecelarge and complex pieces of machinery

• VERB+MACHINERY maintain, service Iinstall, set

up Icontrol, drive, operate Irenew, replace, update I

house The machinery is housed in a special building.

• MACHINERY+VERB drive sth, work sth Ibreak

down Ihum

• PREP -for machineryfor grinding wheat

• PHRASES the hum of machinery

mad adj.

1 not sane; crazy/stupid

• VERBS be, look, seem IgoHe went mad and spent the

rest of his life locked up in a mental hospital.0The world

had gone completely mad Idrive sbHis experiences in

the First World War drove him mad.0The children are

driving me mad! Iconsider sb, think sbHer colleagues

thought her quite mad. Ipronounce sb

• ADV absolutely, completely, quite, utterly Ibarking,

(stark) raving What a barking mad idea!0You must be

stark raving mad to risk your money like that! Ialmost I

a bit, half, a little, slightly Idangerously

• PREP withI went mad uiith joy and danced a little jig.

2angry

• VERBS be, feel, look IgetI get so mad when people

don't take me seriously. Imake sbIt makes me really mad

when people toastefood.

• ADV hopping, really Iabsolutely Ipretty

• PREP at/with My mum's absolutely mad with me!

madness noun

• ADJ absolute, pure, sheer, utterIt's sheer madness to

go sailing in weather like this.

• PHRASES the first sign of madness They say that ing to yourself is the first sign of madness! a moment ofmadnessIn a moment of madness, I said I'd help him.

Check a listings magazine for what's on this weekend I

computer, consumer, fashion, gardening, literary,motoring, music, news, satirical, style, travel Igirlie,(hard/soft) porn, porno/pornographic, sex

• QUANT copy Why did you buy three copies of the same magazine? Iedition, issue

• VERB+MAGAZINE leaf through, look at, read ing through the magazines in the waiting room0I never read magazines. Iedit, write for Iproduce, publish a company that produces fashion magazines Ibuy, get,subscribe toWhich magazines do you get regularly?

leaf-• MAGAZINE + VERB come out The magazine comes out once a month. Ibe aimed at sba magazine aimed at mothers with young children Ibe devoted to stha maga- zine devoted to country life Icarry sth, feature sth, runsthThe magazine carried an interview with the actor con- sidered Hollywood's hottest property.

• MAGAZINE+NOUN article, interview, story, survey

Iad/advert/advertisement Icover Ieditor, writer

• PREP in a/the- an article in a women's magazine

• MAGIC+ VERB work The magic slowly begins to work, and the princess startstocome to life again.

• PREP by-The rabbit disappeared by magic.

• PHRASES as if by magic The money had reappeared as

• PHRASES magistrates' court

magnet noun

• ADJ. powerful, strong I weak I bar I fridge

• VERB + MAGNET act as/like The scent of flowers acts

as a magnet to bees.

• MAGNET + VERB attract sth

• PREP. -forThe place is a magnet for tourists.

magnetism noun

• ADJ. sheer, strong I animal, personal, sexual Itheearth's, terrestrial changes in the earth's magnetism

• VERB + MAGNETISM exert, exude, projectHe exudes

a strong sexual magnetism.

• MAGNETISM + VERB attract sth, draw sthThe netism produced by the battery attracts the metal. 0His personal magnetism drew people to the church.

mag-magnificent adj.

• VERBS be, look

• ADV. really, truly Iabsolutely, quite an absolutely magnificent performance Irather

• PREP. in - The effects were substantial in magnitude.

• PHRASES of the first magnitudeStars of thefirst nitude are visible to the naked eye.0a disaster of the first magnitude (by) an order of magnitude Her calculation was out by several orders of magnitude.

mag-maid noun

• ADJ. dairy, kennel, kitchen, laundry, parlour, scullery

I lady's, personal I dailyThey had a daily maid, but no live-in servants.

qNote atJOB

mail noun

• ADJ. first-class, second-class Isurface I express Iregistered I internal If we want to send something to an- other department, we use the internal mail. I internation-

alIdirectdirect mail advertising I incoming, outgoing

Iunopened, unread I electronic, video, voice Ijunk I throw junk mail straight in the bin without reading it I

hateHe has received death threats and hate mail from

angry fans I fan

• QUANT. item, sackful

• VERB + MAIL send I get, receive I deliver Iforward,redirectWegot the Post Office to redirect our mail when we moved. Icollect The mail is collected twice a day.Isort

The postcode allows the mail to be sorted automatically. Icheck She checked her mail before leaving the hotel. Ipick up I open I read I answer, deal with

• MAIL + VERB come,goHasthemailcomeyet?

• MAIL + NOUN orderAll our products are available by mail order.Imessage Iitem I program I system

476

• PREP. by- Send it by first-class mail. Iin the- My reply

is in the mail.0Is there anything interesting in the mail?

mail verb

• ADV. direct

• PREP to The brochures are mailed direct to members.

mailing list noun

• ADJ. freeWhy not join ourfree mailing list?

• VERB + MAILING LIST go on, join, subscribe to Iadd sb to, put sb on I come off, unsubscribe from I re-move sb from, take sb off

• PREP. on a/the- We're on the mailing list for the Film Centre.I -for a mailing list for primary teachers

mainstream noun

• ADJ. cultural, educational, political, etc

• VERB + MAINSTREAM enter, join Icut sb/sth offfrom, exclude sb/sth fromThese teachers have been cut offfrom the mainstream of educational activity.

• MAINSTREAM + NOUN society Ieducation, schools

Iparties, politics Iart, cinema Imedia

• PREP in/within the- He was in the mainstream of ish contemporary music.into the - This technology was designed for specialists but is now starting to move into the mainstream. out of/outside the - He drifted out of the mainstream of society.

Brit-• PHRASES part of the mainstream This style of drama

is not part of the mainstream.

maintain verb

1 keep sth at the same level

• VERB + MAINTAIN be anxious to, wantto Weare ious to maintain our close links with the police. Ihave to,need to Istrive to, try to Ihelp (to)Ibe able to Ibedifficult toThe government's position became increasing-

anx-ly difficult to maintain.

• PHRASES the duty/need to maintain sthHe sized the need to maintain the status quo.

empha-2 keep sth in good condition

• ADV. properly, well Ipoorly a poorly maintained tral heating system

cen-• VERB + MAINTAIN be difficultto I be easy to

• PHRASES be responsible for maintaining sth

maintenance noun

1 keeping sth in good condition

• ADJ. annual, regular, routine I long-term, ongoing Iproper Iessential The power station has been shut down for essential maintenance. I preventative I careful IeasyThe engineisdesigned for easy maintenance. I low,minimal This type of garden requires minimal mainten- ance. Ion-site Iaircraft, car, machine, etc

• VERB + MAINTENANCE carry out We carry out tine maintenance of the equipment. Ineed, require

rou-• MAINTENANCE + NOUN engineer, crew, man, staff,team Ibill, costs Icontract Iservice We provide a

maintenance service on all our products. Iprogramme I

work

2 money paid to support sb

• ADJ. child

• VERB + MAINTENANCE pay Iclaim

• MAINTENANCE + NOUN payments IarrearsHe was

jailed for failing topay maintenance arrears.

• PREP. in -Hepays£1000a month in child maintenance.

major noun

q Note atRANK

majority noun

1 most

• ADJ. big, great, huge, overwhelming, substantial,

vast IsilentThe march was by the silent majority who

op-pose terrorism.

• VERB + MAJORITY comprise, constitute, form, make

upEnglish speakers form the majority of the population.

• MAJORITY + NOUN culture, group, population I

opinion, view Ishareholder Istake The French

com-pany holds a majority stake in the retail chain.

• PREP. in the -In the general population, right-handed

people are in the majority.

• PHRASES in the majority of casesIn the vast majority

of cases, customers get their money back.

2 in an election

• ADJ. handsome, huge, large, massive,

overwhelm-ing, substantial Iclear, comfortable, decisive Ibare,

narrow, slender, slight, slim, small, tiny, wafer-thin I

ten-seat, three-to-one, two-thirds, etc.Iabsolute,

out-right, overallAlthough they are the biggest single party,

they don't have an outright majority Isimple I

de-creased, increased Iworking the first Labour

govern-ment with a clear working majority in the House I

parlia-mentary Igovernment IConservative, Labour, etc I

necessary, requisite

• VERB + MAJORITY command, haveIachieve, gain,

get, secure, winThey failed to win the requisite two-thirds

majority Idefend, maintain, retain Ilose Ioverturn I

indicate, show

• MAJORITY + NOUN government, rule Iparty I

deci-sion Ivote, voting Isupport

• PREP. by a -They won by a huge majority I -against

Latest opinion polls have a comfortable majority against

the reform -ina majority in Parliament -in favour of

Opinion polls indicated a two-thirds majority in faoour of

ratification of the treaty -overHe has a decisive majority

over his main rivals.

make-up noun

1 cosmetics

• ADJ. heavy, thick IeyeIstage

• VERB + MAKE· UP use, wearI never wear make-up.

apply, put on Iremove, take off Itouch up Ismudge

• MAKE-UP + NOUN artist, girl Iremover

2 sb's character

• ADJ. genetic, physical, psychological

• PHRASES part of sb's make-upJealousy is not part of

his make-up.

malaria noun

• ADJ. acute, severe

• VERB + MALARIA have, suffer from Icatch,

con-tract Icarry, transmit Malaria is transmitted by

mosqui-toes Itreat Ieradicate

• MALARIA + NOUN sufferer, victim Iparasite I

vac-cine Icontrol, eradication

qSpecial page atILLNESS

man male noun

• ADJ. adult Iimmature, young Iold Idominant the dominant male in the herd Ilarge, powerful, strong

• MALE + NOUN hormone Isexuality Ichauvinism,chauvinist Iidentity, role

• PHRASES the male of the species The male of the cies has more brightly-colouredfeathers than thefemale,

malice noun

• ADJ. pure, sheer

• VERB + MALICE bear (sb), feel, haveHe bore me no malice.<>Shefelt no malice.<>She has no malice in her.

• PREP. out of - She sacked him out of sheer malice.

with/without - 'You're lying,' he said, without malice. I

- towardsI bear no malice towards anybody.

• ADJ. severeIchronic Ichild

• VERB + MALNUTRITION suffer (from) Idie from/of

• ADJ. large, small Ihigher, lower Icommon Idangered, rareIwild Iaquatic, marine, seaIland, ter-restrial Icarnivorous, grazing, herbivorous Inoctur-nalIhoofed Iwarm-blooded

en-• MAMMAL + NOUN species Iprey

• PREP. among -sdeaths among marine mammals

Several people made speeches in honour of the great man. IbraveIcharming, fine, good, kind, niceIhonestIproud

IquietIbad, horrible What a horrible man! Iarrogant I

strange Ibrutal, hard, violent Imarried, single I ilyHe's afamily man who rarely goes out with his friends.

fam-I gay fam-I professional I luckyHe was a lucky man to have found such a partner Ipoor, rich Ibetting, gambling

I'ue never been a gambling man Iself-made IhandHe found success hard to come by after losing his right-hand man. Iinnocent IfreeHe walked out of court afree man. Icondemned

right-2 human beings

• ADJ. early, prehistoric, primitive IStone Age, etc INeanderthal, etc

• PREP in -In man the brain is highly developed.

• PHRASES known to manthe most poisonous substance known to man

• VERB + MANAGE be able to, can/could Can you age?Ihave to We'll just have to manage somehow. Ibedifficult to Ibe easy to

man-• PREP. onI don't know how they manage on only £50 a week.without I can manage without a dishwasher.

• PHRASES manage on your own

2 control/direct sb/sth

• ADV. competently, effectively, efficiently, properly,successfully, well Ibadly Iactively We will actively manage your portfolio to maximize the return on your in- vestment. Isustainably All our tropical timber products comejrom sustainably managed sources.

• VERB + MANAGE be difficult to The children were very difficult to manage Ibe easy to Ilearn (how) to

You need to learn how to manage your time effectively.

manageable adj.

• VERBS be, seem Ibecome

• ADV. easilyThe journey is easily manageable in half an hour.Iquite Ijust (about) The job isiust about manage- able in the time. Irelatively

1 managing sth

• ADJ. careful, competent, effective, efficient, firm,good, sound Ibad, inefficient, poor Iday-to-day, rou-tine Igeneral, overall Ibusiness, corporate Iperson-nel, staff Iproduction Iproject, task Ihospital, hotel,school Idatabase, network, systems Iasset, econom-

ic, financial, investment, money, resource I

informa-tion Icrisis Ihousehold Itraffic Iwaste Iforest,land Ianger, anxiety, stressHe's been sent on an anger management course to help him control his temper Itime

• VERB + MANAGEMENT need The project needs stronger management. Ibe responsible for She is re-

sponsiblefor the day-to-day management of the company.

• MANAGEMENT + NOUN company, consultancy,consultant, services Icourse, studies, training Iplan,policy, strategy Iexpertise, skills Imethod, philoso-phy, practice, style, technique

• PREP. in -She is now celebrating ten years in ment.under sb's - The club prospered under Ferguson's management.

manage-• PHRASES a board of management, under new

man-agementThe restaurant is under new management.

2 managers

• ADJ. junior, middle, senior, top

• VERB + MANAGEMENT criticize The unions have

criticized management over their handling of the dispute.

• MANAGEMENT + NOUN board, committee, staff,

team Imeeting Idecision Ijob, position, post, role I

hierarchy, structure Ibuy-out Ilevel This decision should be taken at a higher management level.

• PREP. in <young people in middle management

• PHRASES a layer/level/tier of management

manager noun

1 controls an organization/part of an organization

• ADJ. assistant, junior, middle, senior Igeneral I

ac-countable, responsible Each programme is discussed with the responsible manager <> A product manager is re·

sponsible for product profitability. Ibank, business,commercial, corporate Iarea, branch, departmental,divisional, office, regional Ifunctional, operations,

personnel, product Iadvertising, catering,

develop-ment, fund, marketing, production, project, sales, nical Isuccessful Isympathetic It helps to have a sym- pathetic manager.

tech-• VERB + MANAGER promote sb toHe has been moted to business development manager. Iassist Yourjob will be to assist the production manager.

pro-• PREP. -for the marketing manager for a large company

2 looks after a sports team

• ADJ. England, Scotland, etc.Iteam Icaretaker He will be the club's caretaker manager until a new manager

is appointed. Ibeleaguered another disappointing day for the beleaguered England manager

qNoteatJOB

mandate noun

• ADJ. popular Iclear Ilegal Ipresidential I

elector-alIt is undemocratic to govern an area without an electoral mandate.

• VERB + MANDATE haveIgive sb, issue IseekThe party sought a mandate to reform the constitution. Iget,obtain, receive, win Iextend, implement

• MANDATE + VERB runThe mandate ran until1947

• PREP. in your- Hefailed in his mandate. under

a/the-They ruled the country under a United Nations mandate.

with a/the - The party was elected with a mandate to duce the size of government. without a -They accused him

re-of acting without a mandate. I -for She has received a clear mandate for educational reform.-from a mandate from the United Nations to govern the territory

• PHRASES an extension/a renewal of a mandate

• MANE + VERB stream The horse's mane streamed in the wind.

• PREP. -ofHe has a mane of white hair.

• PHRASES a horse's/Iion's mane

• ADJ. early, young

• VERB + MANHOOD grow to, reachHe grew from lescence to young manhood. IproveIt seemed they were fighting to prove their manhood.

ado-• PREP. in -He began to go bald in early manhood.

mania noun

1 extreme enthusiasm for sth

• ADJ. gambling, railway, sex, etc

• VERB + MANIA have

• PREP. -for She had a maniafor fast cars.

2 serious mental illness

• ADJ. collective The violence of the crowd can only be plained as a sign of some collective mania. Ireligious

ex-• VERB + MANIA suffer from

• PHRASES a state of mania

maniac noun

• ADJ. sex Ihomicidal Ireligious

• PREP. like a-He was driving like a maniac.

manifestation noun

• ADJ. concrete, physical, visible Iobvious Ipublic

the public manifestation of private grief

• PREP - inThe manifestation of the disease in adults is less dramatic.

• PHRASES in all its manifestations combating racism

in all its manifestations

manifesto noun

• ADJ. Conservative, Labour, etc. Iparty, party's We

must all support the party manifesto. Ielection

• VERB + MANIFESTO draft, draw up, write Isign I

issue, launch, publish Isupport

• MANIFESTO + VERB pledge sth, promise sth The

manifesto promised reform of the social security system I

call for sth, demand sth Icontain sthIsay sth

• MANIFESTO + NOUN commitment, pledge, promise

Iproposal

• PREP. in a/the- The policy is outlined in the party's

elec-tion manifesto.on a/the -Labour won the election on this

manifesto. I-fora manifesto for reform

manipulate verb

• ADV. easily They believe that voters can be easily

ma-nipulated. Isuccessfully Ideftly, delicately, skilfully I

deliberately, systematically Igenetically genetically

manipulated organisms

• VERB + MANIPULATE be able to, can Iattempt to,

try to Children try to manipulate you. I be easy to I

know how to, learn (how) toShe knows how to

manipu-late the audience.

• PHRASES the ability to manipulate sb/sth

manipulation noun

• ADJ. careful, clever, skilful I conscious, cynical,

de-liberate, systematic I political People think that the

in-vestigation was independent, but in fact a lot of political

manipulation went on.I data, image, text

• PREP. by - The government has disguised the true

situ-ation by clever manipulsitu-ation of thefigures.

mankind noun

• VERB + MANKIND saveto save mankind from misery

and destruction

• PHRASES all mankind/the whole of mankind

Accord-ing to the Bible, the whole of mankind is descended from

Adam. benefit to mankind It is doubtful whether this

re-search is of any benefit to mankind. the dawn of mankind

objects dating back to the dawn of mankind the

fate/fu-ture of mankindpoliticians who care about the future of

mankind for the benefit of mankind The results of the

re-search were made freely available for the benefit of all

mankind. the history of mankind, known to mankind

one of the most toxic substances known to mankind

manner noun

1 way of doing sth/behaving

• ADJ. conventional, customary, normal, standard,

time-honoured, traditional, usual Icorrect You are not

approaching the problem in the correct manner. I

appro-priate, satisfactory I did my best to behave in the

appro-priate manner. I prudent, reasonable, responsible,

safe, sensible Chemical waste must be disposed of in an

environmentally-responsible manner. I efficient,

pro-ductive, profitable Ilogical, methodical, orderly,

ra-tional, systematic I consistent, uniform I objective I

arbitrary, haphazard Files have been stored in such a

hap-hazard manner that they are impossible tofind. I

profes-sional Iconstructive, positive The dispute could have

been handled in a more constructive manner. I

non-Violent, peaceful Istraightforward I suspicious He

was behaving in a highly suspicious manner. I

light-hearted I casual, easy, informal, leisurely, relaxed I

formal I calm I off-hand He answered in such an

off-hand manner that I wondered if he'd misheard me.I

con-fident, decisive Idignified Idiffident, mild, quiet, shy I

manoeuvrecharming, cheerful, friendly, jovial, kindly, pleasant, sympathetic Iabrasive, aggressive, arrogant, un- friendly, unpleasant I forthright I brusque, cold I

businesslike, no-nonsense His no-nonsense manner gave him the reputation of being a good doctor.Iauthori- tarian, autocratic, high-handed Icondescending, dis- missive Iauthoritative The authoritative manner in which he talked concealed his ignorance. Ibedside, tele- phoneHe's a good doctor with a sympathetic bedside man- ner.0She has a very pleasant telephone manner.

• VERB + MANNER have Iadopt He tends to adopt a condescending manner when talking to young women I

act inShe accused the teacher of not acting in a

thor-• PHRASES in a timely mannerAll claims must be settled

in a professional and timely manner. in no uncertain mannerHe told her in no uncertain manner that her be- haviour was unacceptable.

2 manners polite behaviour

• ADJ. beautiful, charming, excellent, good, cable, nice, perfect It's not good manners to stare at people. I bad I tableHis children have no table manners.

impec-• VERB + MANNERS have I teach sbDidn't your ents teach you any manners? I learn I forget I'm sorry, I wasforgetting my manners Can I offer you a drink?

par-• PHRASES have the (good) manners to do sthHe could

at least have had the manners to answer my letter.a lack of

manners Her lack of manners is quite appalling.

• ADJ. odd I irritating

• VERB + MANNERISM have Iacquire, adopt

• PREP -of He has this irritating mannerism of stantly scratching his nose.

• VERB + MANOEUVRE carry out, execute, perform

The pilot has to carry out a series of complex manoeuvres.

Iattempt I complete

2 clever plan

• ADJ. successful I strategic, tactical Her withdrawal from the contest was a tactical manoeuvre. I diplomatic, political

• VERB + MANOEUVRE carry out, execute

• MANOEUVRE + VERB fail, succeed

• PREP. by a/the -By this manoeuvre, he hopes to gain an advantage at a later stage.

• PHRASES freedom of manoeuvre The economic tions are restricting the Chancellor's freedom of man- oeuvre.room for manoeuvre The government has very lit- tle room for manoeuvre on this issue.

condi-3 military operation

• ADJ. military, strategic, tactical

• VERB + MANOEUVRE carry out, conduct, execute, perform

• PHRASES be/go on manoeuvres The unit is on oeuvres in southern Italy.

manoeuvre verb

• ADV. carefully Ieasily Iexpertly, skilfully

• VERB + MANOEUVRE be difficult to, be easy to

• PREP. around, past, through, etc He skilfully oeuvred the motor boat past the rocks.

man-• PHRASES manoeuvre (sth) into position, manoeuvreyour way(figurative) He had manoevred his way into a position of strength in the party. room to manoeuvre The clutter of ships had little room to manoeuvre.

manor noun

• ADJ. ancient, former, medieval, old Icountry Iroyal

Ifortified, moated

• MANOR + NOUN farm, house

• PREP. ofthe ancient manor of Tregarrick

• PHRASES lord of the manor

• MANPOWER + NOUN shortage Iallocations, levels,

Victor-• VERB + MANSION live in I build

• MANSION + VERB stand The historic mansion stands

in 160acres of park land.

• MANSION + NOUN block, flat, house

manslaughter noun

• ADJ. attempted I involuntary I reckless I corporate

The directors of the railway company could be charged with corporate manslaughter.

<=:> No.teatCRIME (for verbs)

manual noun

• ADJ. instruction, training I owner's, user I car, puter, sewing, software, etc Imaintenance, operating,operation, operational, reference, technical, workshop

com-I comprehensive, detailed

• VERB + MANUAL come withThe computer comes with

a comprehensive owner's manual. I check, consult, look

at, readCheck your manualfor details.

• PREP. according to the -According to the manual, the wires should be the other way round.in a/the- What does

it say in the manual? I -for an instruction manual for a knitting machine -ona manual on teaching drama

manufacture noun

• ADJ. large-scale, small-scale I commercial, trial Ilocal cotton ropes of local manufacture Imetal,steel, etc I cloth, cotton, textile, woollen, etc Icar, ve-hicle, etc I drug, food, etc

indus-• VERB + MANUFACTURE commence, start They

com-480

menced large-scale commercial manufacture of the chairs

in January. Icomplete Ibe engaged in

• MANUFACTURE +' VERB start

• PHRASES costs of manufacture, date of manufacture

The date of manufacture of the jewellery has not been thenticated. the method/process of manufacture

au-manufacturer noun

• ADJ. big, large, leading, majorthe world's largest puter manufacturer Iwell-known Icommercial Iinde-pendent Iforeign, overseas Icar, chemical, computer,motor, textile, etc

com-• PHRASES the manufacturer's instructions The antee may be rendered invalid ifthe manufacturer's in- structions are notfollouied.

guar-manufacturing noun

• ADJ. large-scale, small-scale Iindustrial Iheavy Ilabour-intensive I computer-aided, computer-integrated, high-tech/high-technology I car, chemical,component, food, motor, textile, vehicle, etc

• MANUFACTURING + NOUN business, company, terprise, firm, organization Idlvislon, facility, oper-ation, plant, site, subsidiary, unitThe company set up a manufacturing operation in Lisbon. I sideHe now works

en-on the manufacturing side of the business. I base, try, sectorthe decline in the country's manufacturing base

indus-I area, centre, district, region, town I capability, acity I output, production, productivity I costs I work-

cap-er, workforce I employment, jobs Imethods, process,system, techniques I expertise

manure noun

• ADJ. animal, chicken, cow, horse, pig I farmyard,garden IgreenA green manure is a crop grown mainly to improve soil fertility. Iorganic I well-rotted Iliquid

• VERB + MANURE apply, spread the best time to spread manure on the fields Idig in, work in Work in plenty of well-rotted manure.

• MANURE + NOUN heap

manuscript noun

1 copy of a book that has not yet been printed

• ADJ. original Iautograph, handwritten the original autograph manuscript of the poem Iunpublished Iun-finished I literary, music/musical

• QUANT. copyI only have one copy of the manuscript.

• VERB + MANUSCRIPT write I type I edit, revise Isubmit (for publication) He submitted the manuscript to

an editor at Longman. Iaccept/reject (for publication)

He was delighted when the manuscript was accepted for publication.

• PREP. in -Her autobiography remained in manuscript

(= was not published)

2 very old book/document, written by hand

• ADJ ancient, early, medieval Icontemporary One contemporary manuscript shows Henry II crowned by the hand of Christ. I rare Isurviving the surviving manu- script of''Beouiulf Iilluminated

• MANUSCRIPT + VERB survive earlier manuscripts which no longer survive

mapnoun

• ADJ large-scale Ismall-scale Iaccurate Idetailed

I quick (only used with the verb draw), rough, simple,sketch'How do you get there?' 'T II draw you a quick map.'

Ilocal Iroad, streeta street map of central London 0a road map of the British Isles Iworld I bus, tube, under-ground Icontour, outline, relief Igeological, political

I weather I Ordnance Survey Itourist I route Iwall

• VERB + MAP readAre you any good at reading maps?

Icheck, consult, look atIdraw Ibe marked onThe

mu-seum is clearly marked on the map Ispread out, unfold

Wespread the map outon thejloor. Ifold (up)

• MAP+ VERB show sth

• MAP+ NOUN projection

• PREP off the- Our village isjust off the map.on

a/the-The lane isn't on the map. I-ofa map of the area

marathon noun

1 long race

• ADJ half, full

• VERB+ MARATHON prepare for, train for Icompete

in, run, take part inIcomplete, finish Iwin

• MARATHON+NOUN champion, runner Iracing,

run-ningHe says that he keeps fit by marathon running.

210ng activity

• ADJ 12-hour, lOO-mile, etc Icar, cycling, etc

• MARATHON+ NOUN journey, walk Ieffort Imatch,

racea marathonfiue-set tennis match

marble noun

• ADJ coolThe hotelis traditionallyfurnished, with cool

marblejloors. Icoloured Iveined Ipolished Icarved

• QUANT block, slab

• VERB+ MARBLE carve (sth from/in), make sth

from/in/( out) ofa statue of Cupid carved in black marble I

quarry

• MARBLE+ NOUN quarry

• PREP.in-sculptures in polished white marble

March noun

~NoteatMoNTH

march noun

1 movement/journey

• ADJ long Ibrisk Isteady Iforced Iapproach They

reached the enemy position after an arduous approach

march Ififty-mile, four-day, etc Itwo hours, half a

day's, etc The camp was half a day's march away I

northward, southward, etc Iforward, onward

(figura-tive) the fortoard march of technology Iinevitable,

inex-orable(figurative) the inexorable march of time

• VERB+MARCHbegin,setoffonThearmysetoffona

forced march towards Berlin.

• PREP on the- The army has been on the march for two

weeksI -from the march from Paris to Brittany -ofa

march of over 30 miles 0(figurative) the march of

his-tory/progress/science - to, - towards (figurative) the

steady march towards equality

• PHRASES line of march Villages in the army's line of

march were burned to the ground. a march awayThe

border was still a day's march away.the march eastward,

westward, etc

2 organized walk

• ADJ hunger, peace, protest, victory Ianti-racism,

pro-democracy, etc

• VERB+ MARCH hold, organize, stage Ilead Ibe on,

go on, join in, take part inIhalt, stopThefarmers halted

the march outside the Ministry of Agriculture. Ibreak up

The march was broken up by police in riot gear.

• MARCH+ VERB mark stha march marking the

thirti-eth anniversary of the shootings

• PREP at/on althe - There were in excess of 100000

people at the march I -against a march against racism

-for a marchfor the victims of the war-from, -ofa march

1walk with regular steps

• ADV briskly, swiftly Iboldly Ipurposefully Iorably (figurative) Time marches inexorably on and we still have not made a decision. Inorth, south, etc Iahead, away, back, forward, off, on, out, over, past, up(and down) Craig marched up to the front door and rang the bell.0Soldiers were marching up and down outside the government buildings.

inex-• PREP from, into, on The invading army marched on Rome.out of So saying, she marched boldly out of the house.through, toThey marched all the way from London

to Edinburgh. towards

• PHRASES march in stepconscripts learning to march

in step i> in time with each other)

2walk in a large group to protest about sth

• ADV peacefully

• PREP formarching for peacein support ofprotesters marching in support of the students' demandsonThe dem- onstrators marched on the Italian embassy. through

marching peacefully through the town centreto, towards

~ Special page at FOOD

margin noun

1empty space at the side of a page in a book, etc

• ADJ generous, wide Leave a generous margin on the left Inarrow Ileft-hand, right-hand

• VERB+MARGIN leave, rule, set Iadjust

• PREP at the -Start writing at the left-hand margin. inthe -She scribbled notes in the margin.

2 space, time, votes, etc by which sth is won

• ADJ comfortable, considerable, greater, huge, large,wide Inarrow, slim, small Iclear, safe

• VERB+ MARGIN have

• PREP bya-She won byaclearmargin l-overHehad

an 18-secondmargin over his nearest rival.

• PHRASES by the largest/narrowest, etc of margins

He won by the narrowest of margins. a margin of victory

3 amount of extra space, time, etc

• ADJ good, greater, wideSales predictions are open to wide margins of error.Inarrow Iadequate Isafety

• VERB+ MARGIN allow (sb/sth), give (sb/sth), leave,provide The device gives a greater margin of safety.

• PREP - forWe have substantial reserves, which provide

a good marginfor uncertainties.

• PHRASES a margin for/of error The schedule left no margin.for error.a margin of safety

4 profit

• ADJ high, large Ilow, narrow, small, tight We're working to rather tight profit margins Igross, netI

profit Ioperating, pre-tax, retail

• VERB+ MARGIN achieve, haveThese manufacturers have high gross margins. Ioperate at/on, work to Iim-prove, increase Higher productivity has enabled them to increase their profit margins. Icut, erode, reduce,squeezePrice rises have eroded profit margins.

• MARGIN+ VERB widen Inarrow

• PREP at a - They are operating at very low margins. I

- onThey hope to improve their margins on computers.

c;>Note at PERCENT(for more verbs)

marijuana noun

• QUANT joint

• VERB+ MARIJUANA smoke

• MARIJUANA+ NOUN cigarette, joint Iplantc;> Note atDRUG (for more verbs and nouns)

mark noun

1 spot/line

• ADJ dirty, grease, greasy, grubby Ivisible Iguishing, identifying Does he have any distinguishing marks? Ichalk, pencil Ibite, burn, claw, finger (also fin-germark), scorch, scratch, scuff, skid, stretch, tyre

distin-• VERB+MARK getHow did you get that mark on your shirt? Ileave, makeThe dirty water left a mark round the side of the bath. Iget off/out, removeI can't get the chil- dren's dirty fingermarks off the wall.

• MARK+ VERB come off/out These greasy marks just won't come out.

• PREP - onThere weregrubby marks on the wall.

2 sign of a quality/feeling

• ADJ deep, indelible, permanent The experience left a deep mark on her memory. Irealthe real mark of a master craftsman

• VERB+ MARK bear, haveIleave

• PREP - ofSuch thoughtful behaviour is the mark of a true gentleman.

• PHRASES as a mark of respect

3 used to show the standard of sb's work

• ADJ good, high Ibad, low, poor IfullI got full marks for my homework ItopIpass What's the pass mark in maths? Itotal Iaverage

• VERB+ MARK get Igive sb Itake offShe took off a mark for bad handwriting. Igain Ilose

• PREP above -so below -s If you get below 40 marks, you're not allowed to go up into the next class.I

- forYou get two marks for each correct answer.0a good mark for geography -out ofHow many marks out of ten would you give it?

• PREP above the -, around the -around the £500mark

at althe - The river was at its low-water mark. belowthe-r,up to the - (= as good as sb/sth should be)Your grammar is not quite up to the mark.

• PREP asCertain words were marked as important. for

Some of the crates were marked for export.inMark the ition of all the building sites in black.onAll buildings are marked on the map.with The boundary was marked with

pos-a dotted line.

2 spoil/damage sth

• ADV badly, deeply The paperweight had fallen onto

the desk, badly marking the surface. 0(figurative) The town is still deeply marked by the folk memory of the Depression.

2 with markings

• VERBS be

• ADV heavilyMost cranes lay two heavily marked eggs.

Iattractively, beautifully, brightly, strikingly

• PREP with These trout are beautifully marked with bright red spots.

market noun

1 place where people go to buy and sell things

• ADJ open-air, outdoor, street Icovered, indoor Iantiques, cattle, fruit and vegetable, etc Iflea (= thatsells old or used goods atlow prices)

• VERB+MARKET holdThe market is held on days Igo to Itake sth toThey took the pigs to market.

Wednes-• MARKET+ NOUN square Itown Iday

• PREP at/in althe- to buy somefish at the market

2 business/trade

• ADJ competitive Iactive, booming, bullish, lively,strong, thriving Ibull (finance), rising Idepressed,dull, sluggish, weak Ibear(finance),falling Isteady I

buyer's, seller's Iforeign, global, international, seas, world Idomestic, home, internal, local Isingle

over-the completion of over-the European single market in 1992 Icommon Ieconomic Ifree Iopen Iblack (= illegal) I

bond, capital, commodity, consumer, currency, export,financial, foreign exchange, futures, housing, money,product, property, securities, stock Icar, computer,etc Ijob, labour

• VERB+ MARKET put sth on Icome on/onto A new model has come on the market Idevelop Ibreak into,get into, penetrateThey're hoping to get into the Far East- ern market Icapture, corner, monopolize Isupply I

floodjlooding the market with cheap foreign goods Ilose

Idepress Iplayan investor who knows how to play the market-and win

• MARKET+VERB open up The Chinese market has opened up recently.Iboom Ipick up, rally Islump Ibedown, be upThe market was down 15per cent.Iclose

The market closed weaker.Iopen

• MARKET+ NOUN price, value Iconditions Ileader

Iposition, share Isector Itrends

• PREP in/intoa/the-changes in the UKmarketon

the-one of the best car deals on the market I -ina thriving market in second-hand cars

• PHRASES be in the market for sth (= be interested inbuying sth), the bottom's dropped/fallen out of the mar-ket(= the market has collapsed), a gap in the market, thebottom/lower/top/upper end of the market

3 people who want to buy sth

• ADJ big, good, huge, large Ipoor, small Iing, growing Ishrinking Iready Iniche

expand-• VERB+ MARKET create The company has created a niche market for itself.

• MARKET+ VERB expand, grow Ishrink Icollapse

Ibear sthWe will charge whatever the market will bear(=

as much as people can be persuaded to pay)

• MARKET+ NOUN segment Iniche Iresearch

• PREP -for the market for new cars

4 the free market

• VERB+MARKET leave sth toSome services cannot be

left to the market.

• MARKET+NOUN forces Ieconomy

market verb

• ADV heavily Ieffectively, successfully Icleverly I

aggressively Iactively Iselectively The printer is

being selectively marketed in a handful of countries.

• PREP asIt will be marketed as a tonic for the elderly.

through The product isbeing marketed through the

exist-ing sales force to The company is not actively marketexist-ing

its products to schools.

marketable adj.

• VERBS beIbecome

• ADV easily, highly, readily, very Ipotentially

marketing noun

• ADJ effective, good Ipoor Iaggressive Idirect I

global, international, worldwide Iniche

• VERB+MARKETING doThe company has done some

effective marketing of the new model. Iimprove

• MARKETING+ NOUN campaign, exercise, strategy

Iploy, tool Idirector, manager Iagency, company,

department

• PREP in - She works in marketing. through/with - We

could get more sales through better marketing.

• PHRASES sales and marketing

c)Special page at BUSINESS

marketplace noun(often the marketplace)

• ADJ competitive Icommercial, financial Iglobal,

international Ichanging

• PREP in a/the - The company found it hard to survive

in a changing marketplace.

marquee noun

• ADJ giant, huge, large

• VERB+ MARQUEE erect

• PREP in a/the - The wedding reception was held in a

marquee.under a/the- Theguests satan a platform under

a large marquee.

marquess noun

c)Note atpEER

marriage noun

1 state of being husband and wife

• ADJ good, happy, successful Ibroken, disastrous,

failed, unhappyShe was the child of a broken marriage I

first, second, etc Iprevious Iearly Ilate I

conven-tional Imodern Iopen Imorganatic Iloveless I

childless Imixed Iarranged

• VERB+ MARRIAGE haveHe had an unhappy

mar-riage with an older woman Ipropose Ienter into I

consummate Iannul, dissolve Isave They are

strug-gling to save their marriage for the children's sake.

• MARRIAGE+ VERB lastIbe over, break down/up,

end, fall apart, failTheir marriage ended in divorce.

• MARRIAGE+NOUN vows Iplans, proposal I

part-nerIrelationship Ibreak-up, breakdown, problems I

counselling, guidance Icounsellor Icertificate,

con-tract ImarketDaughters were expected to join their

well-bredfriends on the marriage market Ibed

• PREP by/from a - She's his daughter by a previous

marriage. by - They are related by marriage. in

a/the-She was the dominant partner in the marriage.

outside-sex outside marriage within - I -between the marriage between John and Elizabeth - intohis marriage into a wealthy family -to/with her marriage to Jim

• PHRASES ask for/win sb's hand in marriage fashioned), the break-up/breakdown of a marriage, give

(old-sb in marriage (old-fashioned), the institution of riage, a marriage of convenience, a proposal ofmarriage

mar-2 wedding ceremony

• ADJ Christian, Jewish, etc Icivil Ishotgun (= ranged quickly because the bride is pregnant)

ar-• VERB + MARRIAGE celebrate The marriage was

cele-brated in the cathedral.

• MARRIAGE+ VERB be held, take place

• MARRIAGE+ NOUN ceremony Ilicence

• PREP at a/the - She wanted to be present at the riage of her grandson. I -to Mr and Mrs Wall invite you

mar-to the marriage of their daughter Ann mar-to Mr Thomas Lea.

married adj.

• VERBS be, feelI wouldn't have felt properly married if

it hadn't been a church wedding. IgetWhen did you get married? Iremain

• ADV newly, recently The newly married couple leftfor their honeymoon in Spain Ipreviously Ihappily Iun-happily Ilawfully,legally Iproperly, safely, truly

• PREP to She's married to an actor.

marry verb

• VERB+ MARRY hope to, want to I don't want to marry Robert Iagree to, promise to He promised to marry her when he returned. Ibe going to, plan toMatt told me he was going to marry again.0They plan to marry next year Iforbid sb toDuty forbade them to marry I

ask sb toHe asked me to marry him but I said no.

• PREP forHe married her for love, not for money.into

the difficulties of marrying into the royalfamily

• PHRASES get married They are hoping to get married next year.marry late/young People are marrying later these days.not be the marrying kind(=not be the kind ofperson who wants to get married)

marsh noun

• ADJ coastal, salt Ifreshwater Igrazing

• VERB+ MARSH drain, reclaim

• MARSH+ NOUN plant

• PREP in/on a/the -He keeps his cattle on the marshes.

marshal noun

c)Note at RANKmartial law noun

• VERB+ MARTIAL LAW declare, impose, introduce,place sth under Ilift

• PREP under- The city remains under martial law.

martyr noun

1 sb who is killed/suffers for what they believe

• ADJ early IChristian

• VERB+MARTYR make sb Killing him would only make him a martyr.

• PREP.-toamartyrtothecause

• PHRASES a martyr's death

2 sb who tries to gain sympathy

• VERB+ MARTYR playStop playing the martyr.

• PHRASES make a martyr of yourself

marvel verb

~ VERB + MARVEL can/could onlyOne can only marvel

at the way the building has been constructed. Inevercease toI never cease to marvel at his stupidity.

• PREP. at He marvelled at how easy it was to make money.

marvellous adj.

• VERBS be, feel, look, sound

• ADY. bloody (taboo, ironic), reallyThis isreally vellous news!Iabsolutely, quite, simply The food looks absolutely marvellous! Ipretty

mar-mascara noun

• ADJ. thick Iwaterproof

• VERB + MASCARA wear Iapply, put onIremove IsmudgeHer tears had smudged her mascara.

• MASCARA + VERB run, smudge

• MASCARA +NOUN brush, wand

masculine adj.

• VERBS be

• ADV. distinctly, extremely, heavily, severely, promisingly, unmistakably, veryan environment which

uncom-is heavily masculine0the severely masculine cut of his suit

Iexclusively The ceremony isexclusively masculine I

overwhelmingly, predominantly Iessentially I

typical-lyThat's a typically masculine attitude! Iinherently, trinsically Iovertly Iaggressively He has an aggres- sively masculine approach to these questions.

in-mask noun

1 cover for sb's face

• ADJ. face Igas Ioxygen Isurgical IHallowe'en

• VERB + MASK have on, wear Iput onIpull off, move, strip off, take off, tear offIn the second part of the play, the actors take off their masks.

re-• MASK + VERB cover sth

• PREP. behind/beneath a/the - Two eyes glared at him from beneath the mask.in a/the - two men in black masks

I -overShe wore a mask over her face.

2 sth that hides sb's real feelings

• ADJ. blank, cold, expressionless, grim, rigidHer face was a blank mask as she answered my question.

• MASK + VERB slip For a moment her mask slipped, and I saw how scared she really was.

• PREP. behind a/the -Behind the mask of friendliness, I know he really dislikes me I-for His fooling around isa mask for his lack of confidence.

• ADJ. pure, sheer

• QUANT streak, touchThere's a streak of masochism in his personality.

• PHRASES a form of masochism

mass noun

1 large amount/number of sth

• ADJ. enormous, great, huge, large, vast Ibroad

Their policies appeal to the broad mass of the population.

Iformless, shapeless When I washed the jumper, it just turned into a shapeless mass Icompact, dense, solid I

chaotica chaotic mass of ideas Itangled a tangled mass

of hair

• PREP -of a dense mass of smoke -es of(informali There were masses of people at the concert.

2 Mass Christian ceremony

• ADJ. requiem, Sunday

• VERB + MASS attend, go to, hearShe never failed to attend Sunday Mass. Icelebrate, offer, say The local priest celebrates Mass tn the village church.

• PREP. -for a requiem Mass for the sailors who drowned

• MASSACRE + VERB take place

• PREP - by a massacre by rebel soldiers

• PHRASES the victims of a massacre

massage noun

• ADJ. gentle, relaxing, soothing Ivigorous Iback,body, foot, full-body, neckIcardiac, heart They man- aged to revive the injured driver with cardiac massage.

• VERB + MASSAGE have, receive Igive sb The physiotherapist gave me a massage to ease the pain.

• MASSAGE + NOUN parlour She went to the massage parlour for afull-body massage.

massage verb

• ADY. firmly, vigorously Igently, lightly

• PREP. into Gently massage the cream into your skin.

withHe massaged her back with scented oil.0Massage it lightly with your fingertips.

master noun

1 person in charge

• ADJ. political His political masters are all old wing politicians.

right-• PREP. -of He wants to be master of hisown destiny.

2 person with skill

• ADJ. acknowledged, greatThis portrait is the work of

an acknowledged master.

• MASTER + NOUN builder, craftsman

• PREP. -ofa m aster of disguise

• PHRASES be a past master at/in/of sth(=to be verygood at sth) He's a past master at delaying meetings.

3 Master's university degree

• VERB + MASTER'S do, study for, takeHe did a ter's at Hull University.IgetShe got her Master's last year.

Mas-• MASTER'S + NOUN degree

• PREP. -Jna Master's in politics

master verb

• ADV. completely, entirely, fully, quite Iqulckly

• VERB + MASTER be difficult toa technique that was surprisingly difficult to master Istruggle to, try tothe challenge of trying to master a new language Ifail to

• PHRASES master the art of sthHe never completely mastered the art of lip-reading,

con-• PREP - by a masterpiece by Picasso -ofa masterpiece

of classical architecture

c:> Note atART

mastery noun

• ADJ. absolute, complete, total Igradual Children

show gradual mastery of reading in the first years at

school.I practical, technical Heplays the violin with

tech-nical mastery, but nofeeling.

• VERB + MASTERY haveThe allied bombers had total

mastery of the skies. Idemonstrate, display, show He

shows complete mastery of the instrument. I achieve,

acquire, attain, gain

• PREP - of He acquired mastery of four languages.

-over The king had absolute mastery over the country.

• ADJ. big, crucial, important I exciting, thrilling I

championship, competitive, cup, league Ifriendly I

away, homeHe's such a keen fan, he even goes to all the

away matches. I cricket, football, rugby, wrestling, etc

• VERB + MATCH playThe match will be played in the

new stadium. I haveFigo had an outstanding match. I

go to, see, watch I be defeated in, lose I clinch, win A

late goal clinched the match for Porto.IdrawWedrew our

first game of the season 1-1.

• MATCH + VERB take place

• PREP. during a/the -an incident which took place

dur-ing Saturday's match in a/the - She was injured in last

week's match. I - against the match against Wales -

be-tweenthe match between Japan and Brazil -with They

lost their match with Estonia.

2 for lighting a fire

• ADJ. lighted

• QUANT. box

• VERB + MATCH light, strike He lit a match sothey

could see in the cave.Iblowout

• PHRASES put a match to sthSomeone had put a match

to the pile of papers.

3 good combination

• ADJ. excellent, good, perfect The blouse and skirt are

a perfect match.

• PREP - betweenan excellent match between our goals

and what your company offers-forThat jumper should be

a good match for your trousers.

4 sth the same

• ADJ. exact

• PREP -for Toforge the certificate, she needed an exact

match for the paper and thefonts.

match verb

1 combine well

• ADV. wellAs a couple they are not very well matched(=

they are not very suitable for each other) I not quiteThe

room uiasfull of old.furniture that didn't quite match.

• PHRASES to match I bought a duvet cover and some

curtains to match.

2 find sth similar/connected

• ADV. correctly Icarefully

• PREP. for The control group in the experiment was

matchedfor age and sex I to The aim of the competition is

to match the quote to the person who said it.

• VERB + MATCH come close to I be able/unable to

The company was unable to match his current salary. Itry to Ifail toChildren can be made to suffer when they fail to match their parents' expectations.

• PREP. forNo other rock band comes even close to ing them for dynamism or style.

match-• PHRASES be equally/evenly/well matched The teams were very evenly matched.be unevenly matched

5 provide sth suitable

• ADV. carefully I upWe have to match up the right pet with the right owner.

• VERB + MATCH seek to, try to

• PREP. to The available organs are carefully matched to people in need of transplants. with The agency tries to match single people with suitable partners.

inflam-2 things for making sth

• ADJ. rawHigher raw material costs have pushed up the price of many manufactured goods. Iindustrial I build-inga storeroomfull of building materials Idrawing, writ-ingPrisoners were not allowed writing materials.

3 cloth

• ADJ. thick, thin Icoarse, fine Iwoven

• QUANT. length, piece, roll, scrap, strip A patchwork quilt is a good way of using up scraps of material.

edu-icHe was conoicted of importing indecent material.

• VERB + MATERIAL collect, find, gather, get hold of

He's collecting material for a new book on space travel.0

I can't find any relevant material on him in the library.

I contain, include This new biography contains a wealth

of previously unpublished material. Iproduce, publish

• PREP - foruseful material for a documentary -on ginal material on the First World War

ori-materialize verb

• ADV. neverThe hoped-for boom never materialized.

• VERB + MATERIALIZE fail toThe rise in share prices jailed to materialize.

maths noun

• ADJ. basic Icomplicated Working out the quantities

of the ingredients inlJolved some complicated maths.

• MATHS + NOUN problem The class were struggling to find the solution to a maths problem.

qNote at SUBJECT

matter noun

1 subject/situation that must be dealt with

• ADJ. important, pressing, serious, urgent, weighty

He left, saying he had pressing matters to attend to.0The question of his innocence is a weighty matter for this court.

Iawkward, complex, complicated, delicate, difficult I

wasn't sure how to approach the delicate matter of pay I

no easy, (no) simpleIt is then a simple matter to print off the data you have collected.0It is no simple matter start- ing a new business. Itrifling, trivial Ipractical They've agreed in theory, but now we need to discuss practical mat- ters. Ifamily, personal IsubjectHis articles deal with a wide range of subject matter. Ieconomic, environmen-tal, financial, legal, political, procedural, routine, tech-nicalThe rest of the meeting was taken up by routine mat- ters. Idifferent I don't mind lizards, but snakes are a dif- ferent matter.

• VERB + MATTER bring up, broach, raiseI thought I'd

better broach the matter with my boss.0The matter will be raised at our next meeting Iaddress, debate, discuss,

go into, take upI don't really want to go into this matter now. Ipursue, take further After legal advice I chose to take the matter further IdropHis lawyer advised him to drop the matter.Iconsider, examine, look at/into, tackle

Iclarify, clear up, decide, resolve, settle It's a relief to have the matter settled Iapproach, deal with, treat

Police are treating the matter as a murder enquiry.

• PREP. in a/the -I don't have much experience in these matters.0Do I have any choice in the matter?on a/the-

Speak to your manager if you need help on this matter I

- forThe incident is definitely a matter for the police -of

It's a matter of concern to all of us.0Wediscussed the ter of whether or not to hire a bus.0Getting the effect you want is a matter of trial and error.

mat-• PHRASES the crux/heart of the matter(= the most portant part of a subject/situation), let the matterdrop/rest She refused to let the matter rest.the matter inhandLet's concentrate on the matter in hand for now, and leave other issues till later.

im-2 matters situation you are in

• VERB + MATTERS complicate, confuse, make worse,not helpIt didn't help matters that I had a terrible cold.

o To make matters worse, my friend then lost her keys. IarrangeShe always arranges matters to suit herself.

3 substance

• ADJ. solid Iorganic, vegetable composed entirely of organic matter Iinanimate, inorganic Iprinted, written

matter verb

• ADV. a great deal, a lot, reallyThese things matter a lot

to young children. Ihardly, little tformals, not much,scarcely She could find a job It hardly mattered what. I

no longer, not any more

• VERB + MATTER not seem toSomehow it didn't seem

to matter much any more.

• PREP. about It doesn't matter about the mess. to It didn't matter to her that he was blind.

mattress noun

• ADJ double, single Icomfortable Ifirm, hard Isoft

Ilumpy, saggingan old bed with a sagging mattress

• PREP. on a/the -The children slept on mattresses on the floor. under a/the - My grandmother keeps her money under the mattress.

• VERB + MATURE allow sth to, leave sth toThe cheese

is smoked and then left to mature.

• PREP. into She had matured into a beautiful young woman to a young man who is maturing to adulthood

increas-• VERB + MATURITY haveIshowShe has shown great maturity in her behaviour this term Igrow inThese lat- est paintings show how the artist has really grown in ma- turity. Ilack

• ADJ. general, simple

• VERB + MAXIM apply, follow If you follow a feui ple maxims, your business should be a success.

• ADJ. absolute Iagreed, recommended Do not exceed the recommended maximum of three tablets a day. Ilegal,statutory

• VERB + MAXIMUM reach, rise to The temperature reached a maximum of 35'C yesterday Iexceed Iallow(sb/sth), permit (sb/sth) In the exam, allow yourself a maximum of 30 minutes per question. 0the maximum per- mitted speeds Ilimit sth to, restrict sth toThe amount you have topay will be limited to a maximum of £500.

• PREP. above (the)>, at (the) -ajourney offour hours at the maximum below (thej-«, to (ths)> He is using his tal- ents to the maximum. (up) to a/the- I-of You can claim the allouiancefor a maximum of six months.

• PHRASES maximum possible They fined her the imum possiblefor the offence.

• VERB + MAYOR run tor runningfor mavor cf Bouota I

elect (sb), elect sb asIserve as

• PREP - ofthe mayor of Southampton

maze noun

• ADJ. complex, intricate, tortuous

• VERB + MAZE be/get lost inIfind your way through

Hefound his way through the complex maze of corridors.

• PREP. in a/the -, through a/the - I followed him

through a maze of narrow alleys. I -ofI was lost in a

maze of passages.

• ADJ. big, filling, heavyI always want to go to sleep after

a heavy meal. Islap-up I lavish, sumptuous Isquare,

substantial She hadn't had a square meal for days I

light, simple The bar serves light meals. I meagre a

meagre meal of bread and cheeseIfour-course,

three-course, etc.Iappetizing, decent, delicious, excellent,

lovely, tasty Thanks for a delicious meal. Ibalanced,

healthy, nourishing, wholesome I main When do you

have your main meal of the day?Ievening, midday Ihot

Hot meals are not available after 100' clock.I vegetarian

co;>Special page at FOOD

eat, have, take

tformalv-Have you had breakfast?

for/to-He wouldn't have asked her to supper if he didn't like

her, she reasoned.

These verbs are often used witharound, out, over

and round:

We must have you overfor dinner sometime.

Let's go out/or a meal.

be out tolunch

He's out to lunch with a client.

stop

for-Westoppedfor tea at the Ritz.

join sb for, stay

for/to-You're sure you won't stay for tea?

sit down to,

start-

finish-Wehadjust sat down to breakfast when the phone

rang.

skip-I sometimes skip lunch if uie're very busy.

cook (sb), fix (sb), get ready, make (sb),

prepare-She hurried downstairs tofix herself some breakfast.

have - ready

We'll have supper ready for you.

serve-Lunch is seroedfrom noon till3

keep warm, warm

up-F II be home late, so keep my dinner warm.

provide, provide sb

(with)-Dinner isprovided in the superb hotel restaurant.

• VERBS be, feel, seem I become

• ADV. really, very!thought it was really mean of him not

to let her use the car.Ia bit, pretty, rather, slightly That was a pretty mean trick.0He's rather mean when it comes

to spending money on the children.

• PREP. toHe's so mean to his mother! with She's very mean with her money.

• VERB + MEANING get, grasp, understand I can't grasp the meaning of this quotation. Idecipher, inter- pret, work outHistorians are trying to decipher the mean- ing of the documents. I assign, attribute She assigns a meaning to his words they just didn't have. Ibear, carry, haveSome of the symbols carry meaning and some just represent sounds. 0a word that has more than one mean- ingI take onThe word 'gay' took on its modern meaning

in the 1960s.Icommunicate, convey, express

• PREP. in a/the -ambiguity in the meaning of a phrase

with a/the- I am using the word with its original meaning.

I -behind the meaning behind an event

• PHRASES anuance/shade of meaning It is difficult for

a non-Italion to grasp all the nuances of meaning.

2 purpose/importance

• ADJ. deep, real, true She's searching for the deeper meaning of life.Ispiritual He found spiritual meaning through religion.

• VERB +MEANING haveHer work no longer had any meaning for her.Ifind IloseAfter his death, she felt life had lost all meaning. IgiveFalling in love gave meaning

to his life.

• PREP. without- Young people can feel that life is

with-out meaning.

• VERBS be I become I render sth

• ADV. absolutely, quite, totally I increasingly I most, practically, virtually The phrase has become almost meaningless. Iessentially, largely Ifairly, pretty Iap- parently, seemingly apparently meaningless jargon.

1 method of doing sth

• ADJ. appropriate, best, effective, efficient, reliable, useful an effective means of mass communication Ine- cessary, possible, practicable We will use every possible means to achieve our objective.I alternative, otherWar is famously 'the continuation of policy by other means' I

conventional, traditional Ilegal, legitimate

• VERB + MEANS have We have no means of knowing how they will react.Iuse Ioffer (sb), provide (sb with)

My English teacher provided me with the means to enjoy reading poetry. I devise Can you devise a means of over- coming the problem?

• PREP. by - (of)The stone was lifted by means of a rope and pulley. through - They cannot achieve their goal through legal means. I-for the means for achieving hap- piness -ofa means of access/ communication/ transport 0

a means of getting what you want

• PHRASES a means to an endHe saw his education merely as a means to an end.by fair means or foul, by no means/not by any means(=not at all),ways and means

There are ways and means of raising money.

2 money/wealth

• ADJ. independent, privateShe must have independent means to live in such style. I limited, moderate, modest, slender I visiblepeople who lack visible means of support

• VERB + MEANS have I lack

• MEANS + NOUN testEligibility for the benefit was termined by a means test.

de-• PREP. according to your - (= according to what youcan afford), beyond your- Private school fees are beyond the means of most people(= more than they can afford)

within your- (= according to what you can afford) She finds it difficult to live within her means.

• PHRASES a man/woman of means (= a richman/woman)

• VERB + MEASLES haveAll our children have had the measles. I catch, contract Iimmunize sb against, vac-cinate sb against

• MEASLES + NOUN virus I vaccination, vaccine

q Special page atILLNESS

1 official action to deal with a problem

• ADJ. appropriate, effective, necessary, practical We urge you to adopt all necessary measures to guarantee people's safety.Iimportant, key, special Isimple I des-perate, draconian, drastic, extreme, harsh, radical, re-pressive, strong, tough Iemergency, urgent Iinterim,short-term, temporary Idefensive, precautionary, pre-ventative I disciplinary, punitive I corrective, remedial Isafety, secu rityNew security measures were implemented

to prevent further violence.Iausterity, cost-cutting,economy, efficiency Ieconomic, policy I government

• Q.UANT. package, range, seriesa package of measures aimed at cutting pollution

• VERB + MEASURE adopt, implement, impose, duce, takeSpecial measures are being taken to protect the local water supplies. Ipropose, suggest

intro-• MEASURE + VERB be aimed at sth, be designed to,

be intended to

• PREP -against tougher measures against racism-for

measures for reducing delays

2 amount/quantity of sth

• ADJ. broad, considerable, fair, generous, great, nificant, substantial, wide

sig-• PREP -ofHe poured me a generous measure of whisky.

• PHRASES in large/some measureHis success was due

in large measure to your help.in equal measure, in nosmall measure

3 unit of size/quantity

• ADJ. accurate, direct, objective, precise

• PREP -ofan accurate measure of length

• PHRASES weights and measures

4sign of sth

• ADJ. crude, simple, true, useful

• PREP -ofLanded income was the true measure of the gentry.

1 find the size of sth

• ADV. accurately, exactly, precisely Icarefully IectlyAny type of data that could not be directly measured was rejected.Ieasily Iexperimentally Iup We need to measure the room upfor a new carpet.

dir-• VERB + MEASURE be able to, can/cannot You can now measure its length more accurately.Ibe easy to, bepossible to I be difficultto, be hard to, be impossible to

• PREP. forShe's being measured for her wedding outfit.

inClothismeasured in metres.

2judge the importancelValue/effect of sth

• ADV. easily The policy's impact cannot be easily ured. I effectively Iobjectively

meas-• VERB + MEASURE can/cannot I be easy to, be sibleto I be difficultto, be hard to, be impossible toItis

pos-488

-of

I always drink gallons of water.

half a, a quarter of

a-half a litre of milk

a half/quarter hour, inch, mile, ounce, pint, pound

They used to sell corned beef at 2d a quarter pound.

cubic,

square-One litre is equivalent to1000cubic centimetres.

-square

The room is about15metres square.

-broad, deep, high, long, tall, thick, wide

The new dock was 230 m long and92m broad.

-bigger, cooler, faster, heavier, lighter, slower, etc

The climate was several degrees warmer than itis

now.

about, approximately,

around-Lfoot=approx o.smetres

be, cover, measure, span, stretch (for)-used withmeasures of distance and area

The National Park covers3000acres.

The sandy beach stretches for overfour miles.

be, weigh-used with measures of weight She weighed over ten stone.

be, last, take-used with measures of time

It takes approximately 365and a quarter days for the earth to revolve around the sun.

of-The path will be built to a width of2metres.

- in area, length, volume, weight, size, etc

Killer whales are up to ten metres in length.

-by-a huge room me-by-asuring 50 m by18m

to the

nearest-Give your answer to the nearest metre.

hard to measure the benefiits to society of this scheme Ibeused tothe criteria that are used to measure performance

• PREP. according toIs it really possible to measure the skills of such jobs according to objective standards?

against The school's performance ismeasured against a strict set of criteria.byThe policy's effectiveness cannot be measured by numbers alone.in terms ofSuccess cannot be measured merely in terms of the size of your salary.

• PHRASES a method/way of measuring sth

• ADJ accurate, careful, exact, objective, precise It is

important to take precise measurements of the structure.0

Objective measurement isdifficult with such poor ment.I laboratory, scientific I imperial, metric I length,pressure, temperature, etc Ibody, bust, chest, waist

equip-• VERB + MEASUREMENT carry out, get, make, obtain,perform, record, take

• MEASUREMENT + NOUN system, technique I scale,unit I error

• PHRASES a scale/unit of measurement

meat noun

• ADJ fresh Ibad, rancid, rotten That meat smells

rot-ten.Itender Simmer the meat/or 30 minutes until tender.

Itough Ilean Ifatty Idark, red, white Iraw, uncooked

Irare, undercooked Icooked, cured, processed, roast,

salted, smoked Icold a plate of cold meats Ifrozen I

minced Iluncheon, potted, tinned Isausage I

organ-ic Ihalal, kosher Icrab, horse, etc

• QUANT bit, chunk, lump, piece, slab, slice Icut, joint

She always buys the cheaper cuts of meat.

• VERB+ MEAT consume, eatThe animals do not hunt

and rarely consume meat <> Do you eat meat? Ichew (on)

chewing on the tough meatIbarbecue, cook, fry, grill,

roast, stewFry the meat in a little olive oil Imarinate I

tenderize Iseal Turn the meat frequently to seal it.I

chop, cube, cut, dice, mince Ibone Icarve, slice

• MEAT+VERB be/gooff,rotThemeathasgoneoff

• MEAT+ NOUN dish, pie, products recipes for simple

meat dishes Imarket Icleaver Ieater I'm not a great

meat eater.Icontent These pies have a low meat content. I

production Iconsumption Britain's meat.consumption

qSpecial page at FOOD

1 how sth works/is done

• ADJ actual, basic, detailed, sheer We need to discuss

the actual mechanics of the operation.

2science of movement and force

• ADJ classical, fluid, Newtonian, quantum, statistical

1part of a machine

• ADJ firing, locking, steering, trigger, winding

• MECHANISM+ VERB operate, work The door locking

mechanism doesn't work Ijam

2 how sth works

• ADJ effective, precise an effective mechanism for

en-forcing the rules Iunderlying Icomplex Isocial

• VERB+ MECHANISM provide The system provides a

mechanism whereby information is channelled into the

market.

• MECHANISM+ VERB operate, work Iallow sth,

en-sure sth

• PREP by/through the - ofThe government is held

ac-countable through the mechanism of regular general

elec-tions I-for a mechanism for dealing with complaints

3 system of parts/behaviour that performs a function

• ADJ avoidance, control, defence, escape, survival

The body has defence mechanisms against many diseases.

Icellular, genetic, immunological, molecular, neural,

physiological, psychological, etc

• PREP -for

medal noun

• ADJ bronze, gold, silver He won a gold medal in the

100 metres.Ichampionship, Olympic I

commemora-tiveA commemorative medal was struck in honour of the

event.

• VERB+MEDAL be awarded, collect, get, receive, win

Iaward (sb), give sb, present (sb with) Istrike

• MEDAL + NOUN winner Ihope, hopesHe is a major

medal hopefor Britain o Her medal hopes were dashed by

elec-• MEDIA + VERB report sth The local media reported rioting across the country.

• MEDIA + NOUN attention, coverage, interest, city, reporting There was a lot of media coverage of the wedding. Icampaign Ireport Ievent Sport has been turned into a series of media events. Iblitz, circus, hype

publi-The company is anxious to play down the media hype.Ispotlight Iimage She's very different from her media image. Ibias Iblackout, censorship Ifreedom Irela-tions Ibaron, magnate, mogul, person, pundit, tycoon

Iconglomerate, empire, group, interests, organization,outlet Iawareness, studies

• PREP through/via the - propaganda through the media

• PHRASES access to the media, the role of the media

mediation noun

• ADJ French, international, UN, etc

• VERB+MEDIATION accept Unless management cepts mediation, the strike will never be resolved.

ac-• MEDIATION + NOUN efforts, process

• PREP through sb's - The conflict ended through the mediation of the United Nations.under sb's -under inter- national mediation I -between, - by mediation by the prime minister between the two sides

medical noun

• ADJ full, regularPilots undergo regular medicals.

• VERB+ MEDICAL have, undergo Ipass He was cepted onto the course after passing the medical.

ac-medication noun

• ADJ prescribed Iover-the-counter Iregular

• VERB+ MEDICATION be on, receive, take Iscribe (sb) Iadminister, give sb IstopShe stopped the medication because of side effects Ineed, require

pre-• PREP - forHe is on regular medicationfor hisfits.

medicine noun

1science of treating/preventing illness

• ADJ modern advances in modern medicine Iitional qualified in traditional Chinese medicine Ifolk

trad-Garlic was widely used in folk medicine. Iconventional,orthodox Ialternative, complementary, holistic,homeopathic Ipreventative, preventive Iacademic,clinical, forensic, scientific Igeneral She gave up gen- eral medicine to specialize in geriatric medicine Igeriat-ric, obstetric, paediatric, veterinary, etc IChinese,Western Iprivate, public health She believed private medicine was a threat to the existence of the National Health Service.

• VERB+MEDICINE train in Iqualify in I practise

people practising alternative medicine

• PHRASES a branch of medicine

q Note at SUBJECT(for more verbs and nouns)

2 substance taken to treat an illness

• ADJ powerful, strong Icough a bottle of cough cine Iherbal Iprescription

before the meeting

• call/convene the meeting, or invite people

to attend the meeting

• draw up an agenda

• circulate the agenda

• If too many people are not able to attend, you

may need to postpone or call off/cancel

the meeting

at the meeting

You usually appoint somebody to:

• chair the meeting

It may be necessary to:

• add an item to the agenda

• remove sth from / take sth off / leave sth off the agenda

debating at length

making a point

In a meeting you can:

address issues / matters / problemsconsider

deal withdebatediscusslook at/intotackle

Ifyou don't spend much time on an issue, you touch on the issue Ifyou pay a lot of attention to an issue you:

considerdeal withdiscusslook atdebatediscuss

the issue in depth/detail

the issue at length

have an in-depth discussion about/

on the issuehave

take

an in-depth look at the issue

You usually make decisions at meetings You can also:

After hours of negotiation, workers and management reached 0 compromise.

The environmental commission made a proposal for 0 new pork in the city.

The shareholders took 0 vote on the proposed merger

reaching a consensus

ending the meeting

You can:

• adjourn the meeting until a later date

This meeting is adjourned until next week.

• close the meeting

• bring the meeting to a close

The chOlrman brought the meeting to a close by thanking 011those who hod attended.

• declare the meeting closed

The High Commissioner for Human Rights declared the meeting closed.

• write up the minutes

• circulate the minutes

meditation noun

• ADJ. deep, profound Techniques of deep meditation help people under stress. Iquiet, silentHe stared out of the window in silent meditation. I Buddhist, Christian Ireligious, transcendental

• VERB + MEDITATION do, practise

• PREP in - spending hours in meditation I -on The novel is an extended meditation on art, love and loss.

• PHRASES a medium of communication

2 sth used for a particular purpose

• ADJ. storage An optical disk is just another kind of electronic storage medium.

• PREP. -for She used her novels as a medium for aging political debate -ofthe medium of study

encour-• PHRASES a medium of instruction (= a language usedfor teaching)English is the medium of instruction in many African countries.

3 material/form that an artist, etc uses

• ADJ. mixed mediamixed media artwork

• PREP. through a/the - I - of to express yourself through the medium of paint/poetry/ drama

meet verb

1 come together

• ADV. first the place where they had first metIregUlarly

I never I upWe met up after school.

• VERB + MEET arrange toIchance to, happen to A year or so later I happened to meet him again.

• PREP. forI arranged to meet her for lunch.with agement will meet with union representatives next week.0

Man-I met up with my friends in town.

• PHRASES look forward to meeting sbI lockforuiard to meeting you next week.nice/pleased to meet you (= agreeting used when you meet sb for the first time)

2 satisfy sth

• ADV head-on They were determined to meet the lenge head-on.

chal-• VERB + MEET be able to, can Ibe unable to, fail to

He had failed to meet his performance targets. I be signed to, be tailored toThe course is designed to meet the needs of young learners.

de-3 sb's eyes/gaze/look

• ADV levelly, squarely, unflinchingly, without ingLeonora met his gaze toithout flinching. I fleetingly Ichallengingly, determinedly

flinch-• PREP -across Their eyes met across the crowded room.

meeting noun

1 when people come together to discuss/decide sth

• ADJ. frequent, regular Iannual, biennial, half-yearly,monthly, quarterly, weekly, etc Iall-day, hour-long,two-hour, etc Iafternoon, breakfast, lunchtime, week-end, etc Ifull, plenary Iformal, informal I inaugural Imass I open-air I open, public Iclosed, private I se-cret I joint Management have called a joint meeting with staff and unions. I general The society is holding its An- nual GeneralMeeting in the conference room next Monday.

Iface-to-face, personal I bilateral, trilateral, tripartite Ihigh-level, summit, top-level Iexploratory, initial, intro-ductory, preliminary, preparatory Ifollow-up Iextra-ordinary, special I crisis, emergency, urgent Icrucial,decisive, key, vital Iimpromptu Ipre-inquiry, pre-session, pre-summit, etc Ipost-election, post-results,etc.Iboard, cabinet, committee, council, departmen-

492

tal, family, ministerial, shareholders', staff, team, union

Iinter-governmental, inter-ministerial, inter-party,inter-tribal, etc Ibusiness Ipolitical Idiscussion Iprotest Iprayer Ibrief Iendless, interminable, long

Wehad endless meetings about the problem.0The meeting seemed interminable. Iangry, difficult, stormy Ifruit-less, inconclusive Isuccessful, valuable

• QUANT. series

• VERB + MEETING have, hold Iarrange, call, vene, organize, schedule, summon The committee has called a meeting to discuss the president's death. Iattend

con-Ideclare open, openThe chairman declared the meeting open. Iclose, declare closed Iadjourn, break up Icalloff, cancel Ipostpone Ihost Ichair, conduct, presideoverI'oe got to chair a meeting tomorrow. I call to order

The chairman called the meeting to order.I participate in

IaddressHe always spoke as lf he were addressing a lie meeting. I ban I boycott I disrupt

pub-• MEETING + VERB go ahead, take placeIt is unclear whether the meeting willgo ahead as planned. I be aimed

at stha meeting aimed at restoring peace in the regionIbegin, open, proceed, start Iadjourn The meeting ad- journed for coffee at eleven.Ibreak upThe meeting broke

up after a row over whether to allow cameras in. Iclose,endThe meeting closed on a sour note. IvoteThe meeting voted423-133in faoour of a strike. Idiscuss sth Iagree

to sth, approve sth Icondemn sth Iurge sthThis ing urges the company to reconsider its decision to close the factory. Iexpress sthThe meeting expressed concern that the problem had still not been addressed. I hear sth The meeting heard that two workers had been sacked on the spot with no official reason given. I conclude sth, decidesth, resolve sth I drag (on)The meeting dragged into the early hours of the next day.

meet-• MEETING + NOUN house, place

• PREP. in a/the -I'm afraid Mrs Haley is in a meeting at the moment. I -abouta meeting about the plansfor a new road -between a meeting between tutors and students

- fora meeting for parents -overDirectors called a crisis meeting over the future of the company -with a meeting with French officials

• PHRASES the purpose of a meeting, the minutes of ameeting The secretary circulated the minutes of the previ- ous week's meeting to all committee members. the out-come/result of a meeting

q Special page on page 490

2 coming together of two or more people

• ADJ. accidental, chance, unexpected I fateful Iclandestine, secret Ihistoric, unprecedented I emo-tional Iromantic

• VERB + MEETING have

• PREP - with I had a chance meeting with an old schoolfriend last week.

melloWadj.

• VERBS be, feel, look, seem I become, grow

• ADV extremely, very Ibeautifully, delightfully, derfullya delightfully mellowjlavour

won-melody noun

• ADJ. beautiful, lovely, sweet Ibold, simple, strong Icomplex I haunting, memorable I familiar, popular,traditional

• VERB + MELODY play, sing I hear I haveMost of her songs have a bold melody.I write

• ADJ. key, leading, powerful, prominent Ijunior, nior Ilong-serving, long-standing, long-time Iboard,club, committee, crew, family, group, party, staff, team,union I individual Subscriptions are cheaper for individ- ual members. Ifounder Iactive, enthusiastic She's an

se-active member of her local church. Ihonorary Ifull I

as-sociate Ilifea life member of the Red Cross Ipaid-upHe

was a paid-up member of the Communist Party.

• VERB+ MEMBER become Iresign as

• MEMBER+ VERB join sth Iresign

• MEMBER+ NOUN country, nation, state

• PHRASES a member of staff All members of staff will

receive a pay rise.

• PREP -of I'ue become a member of our local sports club.

membership noun

• ADJ associate, corporate, full, honorary, temporary

Iclub, party, union to apply for union membership

• VERB+ MEMBERSHIP apply for Irenew Igrant sb I

resignHe has resigned his membership of the club.

• MEMBERSHIP+ NOUN fee

• ADJ thin Ipermeable, semi-permeable Icell I

cel-lular Imucous

• MEMBRANE+ VERB surround sth

• MEMBRANE+ NOUN wall

• PREP through a/the - The virus then passes through

the cell membrane.

• ADJ family, personal Ipermanent

• VERB+ MEMENTO be presented with, receive

• PREP as a -They gave him a watch as a memento of his

time with the company I-forThe director will

bepresent-ed with a memento for his long years of service -from a

memento from his dear friends -ofThe photos will be a

permanent memento of your wedding.

• ADJ internal

• Q.UANT copy

• VERB+MEMO draft, write Icirculate, send (out) I

receive Isign Ileak

• MEMO+ NOUN pad

• PREP.ina/the-l-from,-ofmymemoof28June,200l

- onA memo on the curriculum changes from the Head of

Education. -foShe circulated a memo to the staff

memoirs noun

• ADJ political the market for political memoirs

• VERB+MEMOIRS publish, write Iread

• PREP in your- She describes in her memoirs how she

coped with her mother's death.

memorable adj.

• VERBSbelt was a truly memorable experience.

• ADV extremely, most, particularly, truly,

veryonepar-ticularly memorable evening last year

• PREP forThe holiday was memorablefor thefood.

• ADJ internal Iconfidential, private, secret Ibrief I

detailed Iexplanatory, factual

• QUANT copy

• VERB+ MEMORANDUM draft, draw up, prepare,

write Iissue, send, submit Isign IdateThe

memoran-dum was dated 23August, 2001 Ileak

• MEMORANDUM+ VERB set sth out

• PREP in a/the - Refer to the terms set out in the

com-pany's memorandum. I -from, - ofyour memorandum of

18February, 2001-on, -to

memorial noun

• ADJ lasting, permanent The statue is a lasting ial to those who died in the war Ifitting Iwar

memor-• VERB + MEMORIAL build, erect, put up Iunveil

• MEMORIAL+ VERB commemorate sb/sth Istand

The memorial stands on the village green.

• MEMORIAL+NOUN ceremony, service a memorial seroicefor sailors drowned at sea

• PREP -for a memorial for victims of the air crash-to

The prime minister today unveiled a memorial to those who died in the disaster.

1 ability to remember

• ADJ excellent, good, long, prodigious, retentive Ibad, poor, short Ilong-term, short-term His short-term memory was damaged in the accident. Ivisual Bad spell- ers have a weak visual memory Iphotographic

• VERB+ MEMORY jog, refreshSeeing your name in the paper jogged my memory IloseMost people start to lose their memory as they get older Icommit sth toI commit- ted the number to memory and threw the letter away.

• PREP from -He recited the whole poem from memory I

-for I have a good memory for faces.

• PHRASES in living/recent memory the coldest winter

in living memory

2 thought of the past

• ADJ childhood, earlyMy earliest childhood memory is offalling in apond in winter Idim, distant, fading, hazy,vague Iclear, vivid Iaffectionate, fond, good, happy,lovely, nostalgic, pleasant, positive, precious, sweet,warm, wonderful Ibitter-sweet Ibad, bitter, disturb-ing, embarrassing, horrific, painful, sad, traumatic, un-happy, unpleasant Iabiding, enduring, lasting, linger-ingMy abiding memory of our first meeting is of a girl too shy to talk.

• VERB+MEMORY bring back, evoke, rekindle, revive,stir (up) Iblot outHe tried to blot out his memories of the ordeal.

• MEMORY+VERB come flooding back, flood back

When we visited my oldfamily home, memories ing back Ifade

cameflood-• PREP in - ofHe planted some apple trees in memory of his wife I -from Smells and tastes often evoke memories from the past - oifond memories of her childhood

1 danger

• ADJ growing, increased, increasing the growing menace of drugs Iserious

• VERB+ MENACE posethe menace posed by car fumes

Icombat, counter Shop owners are struggling to combat the menace of armed robbery.

• PREP -to He's a menace to society.

2 threatening quality

• ADJ hidden, quiet, silent 'Where do you think you're going?' he said with quiet menace.

• PREP with -eyes glittering with menace

• PHRASES an air of menace The scar down his face added to his air of menace.

menacing adj.

• VERBS appear, be, look, seem Ibecome

• ADV almost His voice was quiet and almost menacing.

Ifaintly, rather, slightly She had a slightly menacing manner Idarklydarkly menacing alleys Iquietly

meningitis noun

• ADJ acute Ibacterial, meningococcal, viral

• QUANT case

• VERB + MENOPAUSE reach Igo through

• PREP. atthe -, afterlpast the- a disease that can afflict women past the menopauseduring the-

men-• PREP at the - ofAt the very mention of his name, Kate started shaking uiithfright,

mention verb

• ADV already, earlier, just, previously, so far As already mentioned, the legislation does not consider low pay as an acceptable reason for turning down a job.0This aspect is discussed further by Crane, whom I mentioned earlier.0All the approaches mentioned sofar are fairly conventional Icommonly, frequently Irarely, seldom

Ibriefly, in passingHe only mentioned his work in ing IcasuallyI casually mentioned that Imight be inter- ested in working abroad. I directly, explicitly, expressly,specifically She did not specifically mention your name. Iinadvertently Ibarely, hardly, scarcely Inot actually,not at allAlthough she didn't actually mention the move, I

pass-am sure that was in her mind. 0My name wasn't tioned at all.

men-• VERB + MENTION fail to, forget to, omit to

• PREP as Next spring has been mentioned as a possible timefor the event.inShe didn't mention the economy in her speech.in connection with sthI was very angry when I saw my name mentioned in connection with an incident that had absolutely nothing to do with me to Please don't mention this to Sally.

• PHRASES avoid mentioning sblsth He avoided tioning his family. be worth mentioning sthAt this point,

men-it is worth mentioning that many people who were adopted

as babies have no desire to meet their biological parents.

mentioned abovelbelowIn the example mentioned above, either method of construction could have been used.men-tioned in dispatches Wounded in action, he was twice mentioned in dispatches.mention the fact that ,not tomention (= used to add extra information) He has two big houses in this country, not to mention his villa in France.

now you come to mention itNow that you come to tion it, he did say something about a ghost.to mention but

men-a fewplumbers, printers, dyers, glaziers and potters, to mention but afeui

menu noun

1 list of dishes

• ADJ. extensive Ivaried IdailyIfixed price, set, tabled'hote I a la carte Ithree-course, etc Itraditional Ibreakfast, dinner, lunch Ibar, pub, restaurant Idinner-party Ifish, vegetarian

• VERB + MENU consult, have, look at, read, see,studyMay we have the menu? Ido, have, offerMany res- taurants do a very reasonable set menu at lunchtime I

choose (sth) from, order (sth) from Iplan

• MENU + VERB offer stha menu offering many tarian dishes

vege-• MENU + NOUN boardThe chef was chalking the daily specials on the menu board.

• PREP. on the - What's on the menu this evening?

• PHRASES a choice of menuPassengers are offered a daily choice of menu.

2 on a computer

• ADJ. pop-up, pull-down Imain Isub Iedit, file, tions, etc

op-• VERB +MENU select sth from

• MENU + NOUN bar Iitem, optionc)Special page atCOMPUTER

mercenary noun

• ADJ. foreign

• QUANT. army, banda small army of mercenaries

• VERB + MERCENARY employ, hire, recruit Ipay

• MERCENARY + NOUN army

merchandise noun

• ADJ. general

• QUANT. pieceasubstandardpieceofmerchandise

• VERB + MERCHANDISE buy, purchase Icarry, sell

The company carries a wide range of merchandise.

• PHRASES a range of merchandise

merchant noun

• ADJ. prosperous, rich, wealthy Ipowerful, ent, substantial, successful Iforeign, local Ibullders',coal, corn, timber, wine, wool We bought a ton of sand from the builders' merchant.

promin-• MERCHANT + NOUN fleet, marine, seaman, ship,shipping, vessel

mercy noun

• ADJ. divine, infinite God's.infinite mercy

• VERB + MERCY ask for, beg for, plead for, scream for

Ihave, show (sb)God have mercy on us!0They showed

no mercy to their captives.

• MERCY + NOUN dash, flight, mission Aid agencies are making mercyflights into theflood region. Ikilling

• PREP. at the - ofWe're at the mercy of the weather.out- The terrorists are completely without mercy.

with-merger noun

• ADJ. proposed

• VERB + MERGER plan IagreeIcarry out

• MERGER + VERB go through If the merger goes through, thousands of jobs will be lost.

• MERGER + NOUN activity Iproposal Inegotiations

Iagreement

• PREP - betweenthe merger between Lake Biscuits and

DMConfectionery

merit noun

• ADJ. considerable, exceptional, great, outstanding I

aesthetic, architectural, artistic, literary The film has no artistic merit whatsoever.Irelative We need to consider the relative merits of both makes of cooker Iindividual

Each case should bejudged on its individual merits.

• VERB + MERIT haveIargue, assess, consider, bate, discuss, judge We need to assess the merits of both proposals before making our decision.

de-• MERIT + NOUN awardShe received a merit award for outstanding work.

• PREP. according to -Films are given a rating of one to five stars according to merit.on -Prizes are awarded en- tirely on merit.

• PHRASES no merit in doing sthI can see no merit in cluding the child from school.order of meritThe winners are ranked in order of merit.