Ebook cây rau, trái đậu dùng để ăn và trị bệnh phần 1

d nrrdc ta, viQc dc kdt kinh nghi6m sfr dung c6c loAi c6y ldm rau dnb6n canh cdrc cdy dirng lim thuo'c d6 dudc t4p hop trong Nam duoc thdn hiQu cira TuQ TInh vd Linh Nam bin thdo cfra H6

cAv RAU, rnAt DAU 2-

our.rc oE Ar,r vA rn! aENH

Ldi n6i d6,ucon ngrdi tir budi so khai di tim ki6m thrlc dn t16 tidp xtic vdi c6 ciy,

chim thti Th6ng qua viQc sft dung c6y c6 lim thrlc 6n md con ngttdi de tim

tlrrgc nhidu .rgrdl thrrc phdm ttr th{c v4t Nhfrng kinh nghiem tich lfiy drrgc g6p phdn vdo viQc sfi dgng c6 hiQu qui hon c6c ngudn lgi thien nhi6n

Cric kinh nghiQm d6 dttgc truy6n til ddi nAy qua ddi khric, til virng niy

sang virng khdc, ttr nrrdc ndy sang nudc khdc' Ctrng vdi viQc giao hru, cdy c6a,lg" a,f" .,rao tr6.rg trot tld gitip con ngddi sfI dung den mrlc tot nhdt cdc s6n

phdm c0a tqr nhi6n viro viec gif gin sU can bing tdng trrrdng cira co thd, n6ng

cao s(lc kh6e, duy tri ddoc moi hoat dQng sdng.

d nrrdc ta, viQc d(c kdt kinh nghi6m sfr dung c6c loAi c6y ldm rau dnb6n canh cdrc cdy dirng lim thuo'c d6 dudc t4p hop trong Nam duoc thdn hiQu cira TuQ TInh vd Linh Nam bin thdo cfra H6i Thugng Len Ong,

Kh6 c6 thd ph6n biet kh6i niQm dn duoc vd lim thuoc vi con ngudi

thong qua viQc chd bien thuc v4t ldm thrlc au tla gifr cho co thd dugc c6n

bxng, tr6nh dugc bQnh Qt Khi c6 bQnh nghia li c6 sg mdt c6n bing sinh lf

cia co thd; con ngudi de sir dung nhfng lodi cay c6 nhdt tlinh ndo d6 md d6mbrio tlUgc su can bXng, trdnh dudc benh tdt Trong rin uong hing ngdry, cdcloai thrrc ph6"m tr) cdy c6 khi ding vdi lidu lr,rong thich hop d6u c6 hoat tinhsinh lf nhdt tlinh

cdy c6 d5 cung crip cho co thd con ngtldi nhfrng thdnh phdn dinh dudngchinh cing v6i c6c muoi khoring vii c6c vitamin Nhd d6 md lodi ngudi da tdntai va phr{t tridn nhrr ngdY naY.

c6 rdt nhidu lodi cdy c6 drrgc s& dung ldm ngu6n rau, ddu nhung chua c6

c6ng trinh ndo t4p hop chring mQt c6ch tldy dn.

Vi vay, vi€c thong k6 lai nhrlng cdy c6 thudrrg d'ing ldm thrrc phdm s&

dung hing ngiy ld mQt viQc ldm cdn thi61 Bi6l cdy c6 dd ding, lai cdn bi6lcrich thu hrii sao cho sach s6 vQ sinh, trdng sao cho kh6i bi 0 nhi6m, chd bidn

sao .cho d(rng Qui cdch tld girip dn ngon cflng quan trgng khong k6m Ivldtkhric, hidu tltroc giri tri crla tirng loai thr,^tc phdm girip cho con ngudi phdng dtrgc benh vd tri drJoc benh khi cd,n thiet; tlidu tl6 cring c6 y nghia 16n lao doi

vdi cuQc song ciia con ngr"(di.

NQi dung cu0'n sdch g6m c6 B phdn chinh:

A Rau dflu cdn thi€t cho cu$e sdng c0a con ngudi.

B Cdc loqi rau, d{u ding dd 6n vi c0ng dtro.c ding tri bQnh bao g6m

231 lodi x6p theo vdn ti€ng ViQt.

M6i lodi tlrroc gidi thiQu theo rHnh tu: - TOn cay - Mo t.i - ph6n b0'

vi sinh th6i - Chd bi6h Inm thuc phdm _ Srl dung lim thuo,c.

c Danh rquc mOt sd chrirng b6nh th6ng thudng vd c6c lol.i rau, tl{u ding

in ho{c chd bi6n tld tli6u tri

Hidu ddng, hidu tldy dt vd tilng loii cay rau, trdi d4u vd loi ich cria

chring dd srl dung ch[ng ld mQt viQc ldm cdn thi€t

Dugc sr,t khuyoh khfch ctia Ban gi6m doc Nhd xudt b6n, t6c giit ale taphop nhfrng gi de bidt qua mOt sd c0ng trinh dd c6ng bd gi6p ban dgc c6

nhong th6ng tin co bdn Hy vgng dtroc ban d9c g6p f tld c6 thd bd sung, sr?a

chrta cho ldn in sau.

Tp Hd Chi Minh, thring 8 n6m 2004

T6c gii

A RAU, oAu cAx rurffr cno cuQc sdNc cta coN Ncrjdr

Nh6n dAn ta thudng stl dqrng nhidu loai thfJc in thuc vat Ngoii gao Iirlo4i thr,rc phdm chinh hing ngiy, chfng ta cdn sit dung cdc loai hoa miu phgnhu Ngo, Khoai, DQu, Sdn (Mi), KC, c6 loai li cu, c6 loai Ii hqt cua c6c loii

cay tlii an nguyOn chat thay com nhu Ng6, Khoai lang, Khoai s9, Sdn' L4c' c6

thd luOc, nudng hay rang, c6 khi xav thdnh bQt tlii lim bdnh'

Trong bfra 6n, th6ng thtldng khong thd thieu m6n rau vi c6c lo4i tr6icay; ch6ng drroc dung lirm thfc 6n kbm vdi com ho{c dirng tl6 lim m6n in

ruQng, ,rgrrdi t" trdng rau lang, ci, cdc loai rau cii, c6c loai tl4u nhU cl{u dii

6o, d4u dua Noi c6 dat ddi nhi6u, ngudi ta trdng sdn, trdng m6n, tlinh l6ng'

hoa hiOn, hoa thi€n lj', sen c4n C0ng c6 nhitng ciy trdng An qui nhung 16

non drJdc dtrng lim rau nhrJ 16 xoii, 16 didu.

c6 loai rau trdng, lai c6 loai rau mgc hoang dai c6 loai ld c6y thao mgc

bd nhrr rau m6, rau sam, c6 loai moc d trong nrlJc nlirj rau mudng c6 lo4i li

cdy th6o, c6 loai li cAy nhd, c6 loqi li c6y leo, c6 loai lA ciy 96'

Th6ng thudng nhdt chring ta hay srl dung 16 vi ngqn non (bdp c6i' rau

didp, rau ng6t), c6 lo4i 6n 16 vd cri (c0 d6n, c0 cii, ce rdt, su hio, khoai t6y ),

c6 loai 6n hirnh (nhu t6i, hinh, hdnh tdy), c6 io4i 6n qud (cd, bdu, bi' dua chuQt, bi dao, ci chua ) c6 loSi dn hat (tl4u c6 ve, d{u hi lan"'), c6 lqi trn hoa (sup lo, aetis6 ) vir c6 loai 6n thfln (mlng tiy.")

C6 lo4i rau 6n sdng nhrr rau didp, xA l6ch, cdi xoong, ci chua, dt vd c6cloai rau thom c6 loai in xio, dn luoc hoic n6'u canh rh,r-r.u mudng, rau cdn,rau ngd, cii bdp, su hio, cd chua, c6c loai mtrng tre, ming n(ra, mlng giang.

C6 tho n6'u th*t mdm dn mdi ngon nhu c6i bdp, cei d, iu m6 C6 thrl rau

ding {n muO'i, ta goi li mudi chua nhrl dua c6i, dua hanh, drta ki6u, dua bdp

cdi, dua cdi cri, drra cdn vi mdng chua; m6n th6ng dung nh{t li ci mu0i c6thtl khong ding dn ri6ng, ma dd dn nhr-r gia vi vdi cac thgc in kh6c, nhu hringqud, hring ldng, tia t0, rau rdm, ld ngd, 16 gttng, cir nghQ, cri s6, hinh, t6i,ridng, dr1a, khd, dt, chanh, rau mti, mii tiu, didpc6, 16 i6.t '

c'ng can ch0 f b6n canh cdc loai rau tuoi, cbn c6 nhfng roai rau kho mi

phdn ldn ld cric lo4i d{u Trong ddi sdng h}ing ngdy chring ta dtng nhi6u roai d4u (l+c, il{u c0 ve, d6u dria, d4u rdng ) Nhi6u toai aau duo d,lrrg ndu trQnvdi g4o n6'p, g4o t6 Mot loai dQu quan trong ld dau ndnh c6 thd dnng lim chd

bidn tuong, d4u phq, sfla d{u ndnh, chao, tlam dau xi vira giiu dam lai c6nhi6u acid b6o kh6ng no Tuong li m6n {n quen thu6c 6 vtng trdng qu6 va c6

6 thi thdnh, vira ld m6n dn vira ld nudc chdm D{u phu cm! ta m6n dn phd

bi6h trong bfra com chay, c0ng nhrr m6n chdo, ddu co nhidu

"rr'at ua dudng.Trong ddn gian, thrrdng c6 c6u "com kh6ng rau nhrr trau kh6ng thuoc".

Di6u d6 chrrng t6 nhrin dan ta tl6 x6c nhdn giri tri dinh dudng crla rau trongtldi sdng V{y rau, driu cing dd cung cdp cho co thd .h;;;;=;fteg chdt gi?chring ta lan luot x6t c6c chdt co b6n md rau d6 mang ddn- cho co thd:

Protein (cha't tlqm) cung cdp cdc acid amin cho co thd protein in vdo bfthriy phdn trong h6 ti6u h6a thdnh c6c acid amin sau d6, c6c acid amin ndy

tlttoc hdp thu dd tdi t?.o thdnh c6c protein mdi cria co thd Rau cung cdp cho co

thd mOt h-tong protein nhdt dinh Trrrdc hdt n6i dcn nhrng toi rau trrongthrrdng nhu rau mudng, thi khi ding b00 gam rau, c6 thd ta cong duoc cungcdp mOt lrrong protein ld 16 gam tudng duong vdi 100 gam thit ba chi c6c

loai rau gidu protein hon nhu rau sdng, rau ng6t, rau gidn, rau rft, la sdn tii

luong rau cdn dn lai ithon nhi6u.

Ndu chring ta dr)ng cric loai rau trong ho D{u nhtr dqu xanh, d6u v6n,d{u dii thi ltrong protein cria chring lai cao hon c6 khi cdn vudt xa c6 c6 thit,

trtirng.

., .^ XUr^"d.lugng-thi nhtrvriy, nhung x6t vd chdt thi protein thuc v6t thudng

thi6u m6t sd acid amin cd.n rhidt mA co thd ch6ng ta khong if,e iO"g t oi

tluoc; do d6 v6n cdn ph6i bd sung thOm thrlc dn dOng vat Tuy nhi6n tir trrrdc

ddn nay & cd,c nudc nghdo, nh6n d6n thidu ngu6n p.oi"i., crQng v{t, thi ciic

thfc dn thuc vQt gifr vai trd quan trong trong viQc cung cdp protein cho conngudi N01 chrlng ta biO't che bi6n dring c6ch, 6n ph6i hop rau vd ddu thi

ngu6n protein cung cdp cho co thd s6 d6i deo hon.

Lipid (chat b6o) li nhfing thrlc dn dtr trf, ndng ltrong Cdc loai rau thudng

6n c6 lugng lipid kh6ng dring kd, chi trir mOt sd it thrlc 6n mir ngrrdi ta srl dqrng riOng vd m{t ndy nhrr lac, vr}ng (mE), d4u tudng, dira Do d6 nhdn d6n ta

thrldng bd sung c6c loai th(c 6n c6 chdt b6o viro bta en nhrr d4u trrong (drroc che bien thAnh DAu phu, trrong, chao), ciri dita, l4c (dau phOng), vung.

Glucid (chat dridng bQt) le nhirng thrlc dn cho ndng luong dd tiii tao lai

sritc kh6e vd ld.m vi6c duoc d6o dai Cric chat drrdng bOt chi c6 it trong nhtngIoai cdy ding lim rau in: mQt sd loai kh6c nhu khoai lang, sdn, bi, chudi,khoai sg, cdc loai hoa qud chin nhtt drla, ci chua, ci r6't cung cdp nhi6u

glucid.

Vitamin c6 nghia ld ciic amin cAn thi6t cho stI sdng Nhflng luong rdt

nh6 vitamin c6 hoat tinh cdn thidt cho qu6 trinh chuydn h6a vi di6u hba

cric-hoat tlQng phrit triein vd sinh sin c0a co thd Co thd ngudi vi dOng vat khdngtdng hop cluoc vitamin, nhung thdc vQt lai tdng hop tltroc nhfing chdt sinh hoc

quan trong niy Vi vqy cr{c loai rau c6i ld ngudn cung cdp vitamin rdt phong phd vd da clang Tdt cA rau tdoi ddu chrla vitamin Cdc vitamin niy c6 vai trdrd-t quan Lrong trong viQc chuydh h6a c6c ch6it trong ho4t dQng cria c6c tuydnn6i tiet, ngdn ngrla bQnh b6o phi, xo vita dOng mach vdL nhi6u b6nh kh6c.

Rau cung cAip cho cd thd gdn L}OVo vitamin C Vitamin ndy c6 nhi6u

trong c6c loai qud nhu cam, chanh, du dti chin vd trong rau nhu: rau ng6t(175mg), rau day (77mg), rau mdng toi (72mg), sup lo (70mg), c6i trdng, cii

sen, cd chua (40-50m8).- y6 trong rau gia vi nhrr kinh gi6'i, rau mii, thia ld,hdnh 16, dt v.v

Vitamin C c6 nhidu c6ng dung Trudc het, n6 c6 t6.c d.ung gi6.m bdt m6tcrich dring kd lrrong cholesterol trong m6u ngtrdi, do d6 n6 chong lai xo vfa

dQng mach li nguy0n nhdn lim cho huydt 6p tdng cao N6 dnh htrdng ddn sd

lidn xr/ong, girip hinh thinh c6c khdp gi6; ndu srl dgng vitamin C phdi hopvdi vitamin P s6 c6 6nh hudng tO't ddn trang th6i crja mao mach Vitamin Cvdi li6u cao sE ngdn ngrla aluoc c6m crim trong mia lanh vi n6 n6ng cao sfctl6 khring cfra co thd Ngudi ta cho ri.ng t6c dung kich thich nhidu m{t criavitamin C doi vdi qud trinh trao ddi chA't, trong vi6c hinh thinh cdc hormon

steroit Vitamin C chf,a drroc b6nh tim vd ung thu, vi n6 kich thich vd giripcho con ngtldi sit dung tdi da nhflng co che d6 kh6ng tu nhi6n trong co thd

cria minh chdng l4i nhitng chdt gAy n6n c6c b6nh vd tim vi ung thrf Vitamin

C cdn c6 tdc dgng ngdn ngila chdt Nitrosamin gAy ung thu 6 cd hgng, thr,rc

qudn, vir da diy Ngrrdi ta cho rhng vitamin C trong xd liich vi cric loai rau trJoi khric dd ngin trd viQc tao thinh trong cd thd nhtng hgp chdt gdy ung

th4 dic biet la nhffng hop chait tir cdc loai muoi Nitrat, Nitrit thinh

Nitrosamin, mQt chAt d6 titng bf kdt 6n c6 thd gAy ung thu Vitamin cbn duocdtng tlidu tri benh kh6ng thd thu tinh crla nam gi6i, vi vitamin C c6 thd lim

cho tinh trirng c6 tinh ket tlinh Vitamin C c6 tdc dung lim gi6m vi ng6n

ch{n qu6 trinh ldo suy (mau gii) Vitamin C cbn c6 nhidu tric dgng nhu ldm

tdng str ddn nd cria drrdng h0 hdp bf tic ngh6n N6 la lidu thuoc giii tlOc, gi6p

cho viQc th6i cric kim loai dQc nhtt thiy ngin, chi Vitamin C tdng crrdng hiQu

qud cfra Aspirin vir c6c thuoc kh6ng sinh chdng chrlng sti m0i; girip cho qud

trinh lidn sgo 6 nhtng ngudi mdi md Vitamin C trong rau rdt d0 bi ph6 h0y: Rau crii dd s4u 4 gid mdt 20% vitamin C, dd sau mOt ngiy mdt lvo, dd l6tr bi

h6o coi nhuara't hdt vitamin C; th6i nh6 ra r6i rfia s6 mdt 34Va,ndu biing ndinh6m li it hao hut nhdt (25Ec), neu b6 rau r6i mdi dun sOi nrrdc c0ng mdt 3-4

ldn so vdi b6 rau dring l(c nrrdc dang sOi; n6ir.r ninh ndu liu cfrng mdt rdtnhidu vitamin C, ndu nau di n6'u lai cffng m{t gdn het vitamin C Do t16 luQc

rau n6n ding it ntr6c vi dirng luQc kf qud.

Khoing 50Va cdc loai vitamin nh6m B ch0 yeu do c6c loai rau h9 E4u cung cdp Vitamin 81 d6ng vai trd quan trong trong qu6 trinh bidn tlO'i glucidtrong co thd N6 cbn cAn cho nhirng ngudi bi bQnh tlrrdng ti0u h6a, ddi dudng,

ting ndng tuydn gidp trang, cdc bQnh nhi6m tring cdp tinh vd m4n tinh, cincho ngudi nshiQn ruou, thudc 16 Ndu thi€'u vitamin 81 k6o dii sc xudt higntriQu chfng c0a bQnh t0 phi

Trong rau, thudng c6 dang tidn vitainin A hay caroten Khi 6n caroten

vio t6i thinh ruOt non, drr6i t6c dung cfia men carotenose c0a ruOt, n6 d6

ding chuydn thirnh vitamin A Cric lo4i rau cung cdp cho co thd t1i 90Vocaroten Caroten c6 nhidu trong c6c lo4i quri vi ctl c6 miu d6, miu vAng nhrr

ci r6't,.6t, ci chua, eu ddn vi trong mQt sd qu6 vi trong c6c logi rau.

Khi co thd thidu vitarnin A, s€ c6 nhfrng bidu hien bQnh lf nhu khO gi6c

mac, kh6 mdt, d4c biQt la d tr6 em, c6c mO bidu bi bi tdn thudng, c6 hiQn

tugng bi ngrtng sinh trrtdng, xu6'ng cdn vi todn thdn met m6i

Ngoii ra, rau cbn cung cip vitamin PP, md khi thidu n6 s€ mdc mOt sdtriQu chfng crla bQnh Pelagro mi tlidn hinh li da viOm sdn siri, kdm theo

nhilng rdi loan 6 he thdn kinh, hQ ti6u h6a Vitamin PP c6 nhidu trong d$u d6 (2-3mg/o), ci chua (L,|mgVo), rau mudng (0,7mg1o), khoai lang (O,6mgVo )M{t khdc, rau cdn cung cdp cho co thd mQt sd inudi kho6ng nhu idt, sit,

Calcium vir Kalium, mudi khodng cdn thiet tt0' lnm cho m6u tdt, xuong vi

rdng kh6e Cdc loai rau cung cdp cho chrlng ta ngudn vitamin vd mu6'i kho6ng

phong phf nhdt li c6c lo4i rau c6 16 xanh thim, c6c lo4i qu6 c6 mdu ving hayuU"'

,rorr* rau cbn chtla nhidu chat xo (cellul,ose) tuy khong ph6i ld chat dinhdudng vi chdt niy kh6ng thd drrgc cd thd h6'p thu nhung lai c6 vai trb d6ng

chf f vd m4t cd hoc; chdt xo grip cho ruQt bai tidt ra ngoii nhfrng chdt c{n

bd cia thrlc 6n, kich thich thinh ruQt, gi6p cho ruQt co b6p tdng phAn ra

ngodi, lim tlng thd tich cta phin vi lim cho ph6n mdm (do khd nnng d6 hft

nddc cia ch0ng), do d6 n6u ln nhidu rau sE tr6nh duo.c t6o b6n Ch6't xo khi

ntrng gi6p bai tidt chdt cholesterol cltla ra ngoii theo phAn de hqn che dttgc bQnh xo vira dQng mach ddi vdi ngudi bQnh huyet 6p cao HiOn nay, ngudi takhuydn khich chd tlQ 5n c6 nhi6u chdt xo cia rau tld chda t6o b6n, ngin cin

viQc tao thdnh s6i m{t vi phdng ngr}a ung thu trgc trang

C0ng cdn n6u l6n grd tri cria cdc loai rau gia vi Bidt phdi hgp nguy6n liQu, gia vi trong ndu nudng lim m6n dn trd nOn dQc ddo, da d4ng, phong phri Trong din gian, di c6 bii ca dao luu truydn lai kinh nghiQm sfi dqrng gia

vi cta ngudi xda:

Con gri cuc t6c ld chanh,

Con lon irn in mua /rdrn/r cho t6i,Con ch6 kh5c drlng kh6c ngdi,

Me oi di chg mua t6i tldng ridng

Con trdu crtdi ng6, crrdi nghi6ng,

T6i kliOns trn ridng, mua t6i cho tOi.

Di6u tl6 chfng t6 m6i loai thit gia s6c, gia cdm cdn den nhftng loqi rau

gia vi ri€hg thich hgp Thit gn cdn c6 16 chanh, thit lon phii c6 hanh, tiCu,

thit ch6 cdn ridrig m6, thit vit cAn grrng, thit triu cdn t6i

Rau gia d tAo cho thrlc 6n c6 nhffng hrrong vi ri6ng, lim cho m6n trn thOm miu s{c hdp din, tldng thdi t4o ra cim giiic ngon miQng do srr gAy tidtcric dich ti6u h6a Rau gia vi c0ng nhu c6c loai rau khdc khOng cung cdp cho

co thd ndng lugng nhrrng lai rat phong phri vd cric chdt kho6ng vi c6c

vitamin, nhdt Ii vitamin C Cdn c6 c6c loai tinh ddu thom lim cho viQc [nth€m ngon miQng, kich thich tiOu h6a.

To tiOn chring ta dd ch( trong nhi6u ddn c6c loai rau gia vi Ngoii nhfrngtdc dung tr6n, rau gia vf c0ng li nhfrng c6y thudc thOng thrrdng kich thichti0u h6a, gidi cdm, tri sdt, ho Nhftrg loai rau gia vf nhu hinh, t6i, tia t6,

kinh gidi, huong nhu, rau rdm, hring chanh d6 tr6 thinh cdc m6n rau thOng

dung trong bfia dn ctia gia dinh ViQt Nam,chring ta Trong viOc sfi dung loai

gia vi kbm th(c dn, td ti6n chfng ta da bidt kdt hgp trlng loai rau vdi tirng

thf thrlc In, kdt hop thudc v6i viQc dn udng vta tl6m b6o dO tiOu, lai tr6nhdugc bQnh nhi6m tring dudng ruQt g6y ddy bung, dau br,rng, r6i loan ti6u h6a.Ngdy nay, chring ta bidt trong rau gia vi c6 chdt phytocid li chdt sdttrr)ng t"huc v4t, lai c6 t6c dung kich thich 6n u6ng, dn tlinh hoat tl0ng cfia daddy, gitip ti€u h6a Tinh dAu crla rau gia vi c6 tinh khdng khudn Di6u d6

chrlng minh them kinh nghiOm phong phti cfra td tiOn ta da kdt hop dingthu6'c chfia bdnh do 6n udng.

Rau vir c6c loai thuc phdm kh6c c6 ngudn gdc thuc vat dd d6ng g6p phdn

quan trong vio vi6c cung cap proiein, vitamin vd mudi kho6ng cho con ngrtdi.Trong hoin cdnh mQt nrrdc nghdo chl dn nhi6u th(c 6n c6 chdt bQt la chinh,

md ngudn protein tl6ng v4t nhu sita vd thft tuy rdt bo nhrrng lai ddt tidn,

nhAn drin ta tld sfi dqng nhrtng th(c 6n thtrc v{t c6 luong protein cao nhu d{u,

nhdt li d4u tuong (mi c6c gia ctinh n6ng thOn thrJdng chd bidn thinh trrong,thdnh chao), dQu v6n, d{u Hd Lan (md nhi6u gia dinh thudng trdng), l4c,vilng (ld thrlc 5n du trfi), cdn nhidu lo4i rau xanh kh6ng thd thidu trong btra

5n hbng ngiry c0a nhdn ddn ta.

C0ng cdn ch( f ln c6c loai rau d{u d6 cung cdp cdc thinh phdn dinh

dudng dem ddn srt cAn bhng cho cd thd, girip con ngrrdi tr6nh drrgc benh t?t.R6 ring khi co thd duoc d6p (tng ttAy thi nhu cdu thi con ngudi sd kh6e manh.Trong viOc ding thuO'c cfrng nhu dtrng rau 6n hlng ngiy, c6c nhir khoa

hoc khuydn c6o ld n6n dirng thudc s4ch, rau sach dd tr6nh bi nhi6m bQnh nhudfch tri, giun s6n vA tr6nh bi nhi6m dQc do vi khudn vi dQc td gAy ra.

Rau d4u c6 thd bi 0 nhi6m do chfng ta dirng nhidu phdn h6a hoc, nhi6u

phdn hrTtr co ho{c dirng thudc trif sdu Trong qud trinh tr6ng trot, vdn chuydn

va chd bidn ndu khOng tl6m bdo drroc v9 sinh thi ngu6n rau tlgu s(r dgng sd

kh6ng thd mang lai srlc kh6e cho con ngudi.

Ndu chrlng ta dirng ngudn rau kh6ng bi 6 nhi6m, ndu chring ta rrla rau cho s4ch tld loai b6 c6c chdt doc vi chd bidn thing c6ch thi cdc lo?i rau tl{u s6

cung cdp ngudn dinh duong tdt

M{t khr{c, m6i mQt loii rau tlugc sit dung, it hay nhidu ddu c6 t6c dung phdng ho{c tri bQnh Bidt drrgc lo4i rau nio Ii c6 ich dd dn thudng xuy6n, lo4irau nao dn tirng thdi vr,r, loai nlo phn hop vdi trang th6i cira co thd vd bQnh

tdt cfia tirng ngudi tld c6 biQn ph6p sir dung tdt, d6 li nhrrng didu cdn thidt ttd

tQn dung c6c lo4i rau thOng thudng hlng ngiy vio viQc b6o vQ stu kh6e ciacon ngudi.

B cAc LoAr RAU odu ouNc oi Arq vA

ctrxc otlQc DuNG rnl nprvn

lcrrsO

Actis6 - Cynara scolymus L.,

thuQc hg C(rc Asteraceae.

M6 ta: Cdy th6o cao khoing 1m.

Ld moc so le chia thinh nhidu thty,

m{t tr6n mdu luc, mdt drJdi mdu

trdng nhat vi c6 nhiiiu l6ng nhung.

Cum hoa mi ngrrdi ta quen ggi li

bdng Actiso nim <i ddu cdc nh6nh cria

thin, c6 tludng kinh 6-15cm, phia

ngoii c6 nhfrng 16 bdc c6 dinh nhon,

ti6-p d6 li nhfrng hoa bao brii nhfrng

lOng to nim tr,0n m6t de hoa nac.

Mdu sdc cira cum hoa kh6c nhau tiry

theo thrl (hien da bidt tl6h hdng chuc thrl)

Phin bd vi sinh th6i: CAy Actis6 c6 ngudn g6c d Dia Trung Hdi.Ngudi Ai Cap.de biC't trdng ciy niy tU l6u, nhung chinh nhd ngudi Ar{p dem

vio T6y Ban Nha tntde fiAn r6i ddn Italia (vio thd ki 15) fi d6 lan sang

Ph6p vi Anh (vdo thd ki 16) mdi biol dirng n6 d nrrdc ta, ActisO duoc ngudi

Phrip tlem vio trdng d nhfrng ving nrii m6t m6 nhu Di L4t, Sa pa, Tam Dio,t€n goi cia c6y niy ld tir tidng Phdp Articltouf HiQn nay, ActisO drroc trdngrQng r6i d Dn Lat vi vr)ng phu c{n vdi'khoi.tuong ldn MQt s6'noi vr)ng d6ng

blng Bdc B0 (huy9n Tf LQc, ttnh Hii Otrong)vi Tlung BO (huygn eulnh hnr,

tinh NghQ An) c0ng c6 tr6ng

Ngudi ta thudng tr6ng Actis6 bling cdy con tdch til cdy me, sau khi dethu hoach cdy mg Nay ta cfing nh{p m6t s0- h4t gidng mdi vi gieo hat ldycdy con.

Chd bidn lirm thrfc phdm: Actis6 drrc sfr dvng dtrdi nhidu d4ng, dtng

tr/oi, ding kh6, ndu cao, chd drroc phdm .,.r 0 chg Di L4t, ngtrdi ta b6n b6ng

Actis0 trldi, bOng ch6 nh6 phoi khO,16 kh6, th6.n vi 16 phoi kh6.

Actis6

1 Todn cdy;2 Cunt hm.

Cdy Actis6 cdn non c6 thd ding luQc chin hay ndu canh dn, nhtrng bQ

ph4n thrldng drloc sit dgng lim rau [n lit cr,rm hoa (bOng ActisO) bao gdm dd

hoa mang hoa, c6c l6ng to vir c6c 16 bdc (c6 phAn gOc mdm mdu trdng) bao

xung quanh Ngudi ta mang v6, ch6 nh6 ra theo chiOu dgc thdrnh 6-8 midng

rdi dem hdm xtrong, hdm v6i thlt lon, thit bd dO frn c6 crii vd nddc.

Ngtrdi ta da bidt thinh phdn h6a hoc c0a cum hoa Actis0 C6 tit 3 ddn

3,l5Vo protnin, 0,10 ddt 0,30Vo lipid, 11 ddn ll,SOVo glucid (gdm chrl y6u liinulin, ding tdt cho ngrrdi bi benh d6i tludng), 82Va nddc Ngoii ra cdn c6

mangan, phosphor, sdt, 300 UI vitamin A, L20 gama vitamin 81, 30 gamavitamin 82, 10mg vitamin C 100 gam Actis6 cung cdp khodng 50-75 calo.

Srr? dqng lin thudc: Bdng Actisd li loai rau cao cd'p; khi ndu chin rdtd6 ti6u h6a, tao ra ndng lugng, kich thich gifp 6n ngon miQng, bd gan, bdtim, loc m6u, chdng dOc, loi tidu (ldm teng su bai tidt ur€, cholesterol du thila

vd acid uric), gitlp tidt sfa cho cr{c bd me nu6i con Do d6 mi bOng Actis6 duge

chi dinh ding trong trddng hop suy nhuoc, lao luc, trong su sinh trddng,

trong sung huydt vi thidu ndng th4n, gidm nieu, benh s6i, thdp khdp, thdng

phong, t4ng khdp, trong trddng hgp bi nhi6m tlQc vd nhi0m khudn drrdng ruQt.

Nudc sdc ActisO rdt nhidu mu6'i kho6ng, c6 thd ding trong dn u6'ng Cring cdn chn f ln cdc c6y Actis6 non ndu chin 5n duoc vd ding tlidu tri benh

la chriy man tinh; 16 c6y c6 t6c dung loi tidu tluoc cling trong trddng hop thdpkhdp, thdng phong,'thtry thirng vi c6 trrldng hgp ving da L6 Actis6 ld bQ

ph{n quan trgng cria cdy duoc sr} dung lim thuO'c dtrdi dang bQt, ndu cao, chidtho4t chat d nrrdc ta c0ng dd sin xuat nhidu m{t hing drrgc phdm nhu caoActis6, tri ActisO, Cynaraphytol vi6n, thudc giot Cynaraphytol, thudc nrrdc

d6ng 6ng Actisamin c6 nhidu c6ng dyng ddi vdi chfc nflng tudn hodn, m6u, gan vi thQn.

Actis0 tld tlrro c xem li cAy thudc rdt quf ddi vdi cdc roi loan c6 ngudn gdc

gan (vdrng da, s6i m{t, nhi6m d6c ruQt ), trong c6c rdi loan mi s{ thrii nrr6ctidu kh6 khln (c6c b€nh nhi6m tring, nhi6m d6-c), trong c6c bQnh c6 ngu6n gdc gan, mQt sd bQnh ngoii da vi cdc trang th6i qud thUa COng dgng c0a n6d6 trd thinh kinh didn trong c6c chrrng rdi loan ctia lrla tudi 50, tang khdp,

thita nito huyet B0ng Actis0 ld mOt loai rau vita bo, vUa ngon; chdt drrdng

trong d6 dtrng t6t cho nhflng nggdi bi bQnh tldi dudng Nhung cdn ch0 i la khi

dr)ng, phii rta blng nddc sach nhidu lin dd sdt trirng vi kh& tlQc do thudc trtrsdu ho{c do cdc nguyOn nhdn khdc.

Bdu, cdn goi li Bdu canh, Bdu

nam - Logenaria siceraria (Molina)

Standl., thuQc ho BAu bi

Cucurbitareae.

M6 trfl: Bdu ln loai d6y leo c6

tua cudn ph6n nh6nh, ph0 l6ng

mdm, c6 16 hinh tim rQng kh6ng x6

thiry hay hoi x6 thty nOng; hoa don

tinh, cirng g6c, to, miu trdng; qu6

trdn, dii, c6 lOng, v6 miu luc nhat

hay sdm, ho{c c6 tl6'm khi gii thi v6

qud ngoii h6a 96.

C6 nhirng thrl kh6c nhau duoc

tr6ng:

- var hispida (Thunb.) Hara,

qu6 dAi 60-80cm, v6 miu lgc trdng, BAu

thit qud trdng (d Tlung Qudc goi li L Hoadla;2.BQ nhi:.

U6 trt); ta ggi li bdu sao 3 It ud ha cdi;

- var microcorpa (Naud.) Hara, 4' Ddu nhqv;s' Qui'

hinh dang qu6 trrong tg qud bdu

nhtrng qui nh6, chiCu dii 10cm (6 Trung eudc goi ln Tidu h616).

- var depresso (Ser.) Hara, qu6 c6 phdn drl6i trOn, dudng kinh B0cm.Lo4i niy c6 v6 h6a 96 dnng lim din bdu, ldm m6i mu6ng vi dd ttrrng nrrdc (d

Trung Qudc goi lA Bio qua); ta goi lA bdu nflm hay bdu eo.

Phtn bd vi sinh th:ii: Cdy bdu gdc 6 chdu Mi, ngiy nay- drroc tr6ngrdng rdi 6 c6c vtng nhiQt ttdi vi c{n nhiQt d6i tr6n thd gi6i 6 nu6c ta, bAu

tlrro c trdng khdp noi lim rau 6n mta hd,

Chd bidn lim th{c phdm: Qui bdu li b0 phin duo.c s& dr,rng dd luQc

ho{c ndu canh hay xio in Bdu luQc chdm nrrdc m{m t6m, m{m t6p, ho{c ndu

canh vdi t6m, vdi t6p, vdi cri Ngrrdi ta cbn th6i bdu ra thdnh tirng mieng nh6

phoi kho ldm rau 5n khi khong thing thoi vu.

Ngttdi ta dd phAn tich thinh phdn tinh theo gVo c6: protein 0,6, glucid

2,9 cellulose 1,0 vd theo mgVo: calcium 21, phosphot 25, sdt 0,2, vd c6cvitamin: caroten 0,02, vitamin 81 0,02, vitamin 82 0,03, vitamin PP 0,40,vitamin C 12 NhiCt ltrong do bdu cung cdp ld 14 calo COng c6 tdi liQu cho

biet trong 1009 qud bdu tr.toi c6 (theo Vo): r.l.tdc 89, protein 0,5, lipid 0,1, cellulose 0,8, d6n xudt kh6ng protein 9,2 vd kho6ng todn phdn 0,4.

Srl dgng lim thudc: Nhi6u bQ ph4n cria cdy bdu drrgc sfi dgng ldm

thudc Thit qud bdu c6 vi ngot, tinh hdn, c6 t6c dung giAi nhi6t, trir dOc, ding

chta drii ddt, chrlng phU nd (nhtrng cdn lrru f dO'i vdi ngudi c6 triQu chrlng sung dng chdn vA chrlng ddy hoi, ndu dn thi ldu kh6i) Bdu cdn chfra bQnh ti6u

khrit udng nudc nhi6u, drii thaio vd mdu n6ng sinh mun ld.

Trong Linh Nam bin thzio, H6i Thuong Lan Ong da ghi:

"H6 lo t& thudng goi qu6 Bdu,Tinh hoat, cam hdn, c6 d6c tldu,Girii nhi6t, trit sang cirng trting dOc,

Th6ng I6m ti6u th0ng phii trit mau.

Phdm ngrrdi mdc b6nh cr-rdc khi vA ch(ng hu trudng c6 tinh lanh, ndu dn bdu thi bOnh sO k6o ddi kh6ng kh6i, dn nhidu s6 sinh thd tei".

d T.u.,g Qudc, m6i thrir briu drrgc srl dung khdc nhau:

- Thrl bdu nAm [var depressa (Ser.) Hara] c6 qu6 ding loi thiry, th6ngldm, trit thdp, loi ddm, dtrng tri thriy thfrng, tnldng bung, hodng alin vd chrtrg

- Thr1 bAu sao [var h,i.spida (Thunb.) Hara] c6 quri dirng ldm thudc, loithiry, thanh nhiet, chi kh6t, trrl phidn, dtrng tri thiy thfrng, tnldng bung,

phidn nhiOt miQng khdt, 16 dQc, hat dtrng tri ri chudng vd ddn ngd.

- Thrl bdu nh6 [var microcarpa (Naud.) Hara] c6 qu6 ding loi th0y, ti6u

thfing duoc ding tri thriy thfing

Trong Linh Nam bin th6o, Hii Thtrong Lan Ong n6i.ddn lodi Bdu tldng

mi 6 Trung Qudc gqi la Khd hd lLagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl var.

gourda Ser.)

"Khd bidu tOn goi li bdu tldng

Vi tldng, khi hin khOng tlOc l6m

Loi tidu tiQn, ti6u thfing, thdng Lim

Ty uy€n, ung sang, hodng drin chritrg."

Nhitng bQ phin kh6c cfia cAy bdu cfrng dttoc sfi dgng:

L6 bdu c6 vi ngot, tinh binh, c6 thd lim thrlc 6n chdng d6i Tua cudn vi

hoa bdu c6 t6c dung gi6i thai tlQc, ndu t{m cho tr6 em ttd phbng ngrla dflu sdi,

ld ngrla Hat bdu ding chCra lgi rlng surrg dau, r[ng lung lay, tgt loi chdnrdng lQ ra, ding vdi Ngrnr tdt, m6i vi 20g, nau ldy nrrdc ngQm vi sric miQng,

ngdy 3-4 ldn

nAu o{t

Bdu tldt, cbn goi li Kim thdt, Rau hii, Rau bdu ddt - Cqnuro procumbens

(Lour.) Merr [Crynura sarmentosa DC.], thuQc ho C(rc - Asteraceae.

M6 ti: Bdu ddt mgc bd vi hoi leo,

cao ddn lm, mgng nudc, phdn nhidu

cdnh Lrl diy, gidn, thu6n, xanh lot d

m{t dttd'i, hoi tia d m{t trdn vi xanh d

g6n Cgm hoa 6 ngon c6y gdm nhi6u dAu

mlu tia, c6c hoa trong ddu hoa hinh

6'ng, mdu ving Qud b6'mang mOt bdu

l6ng trdng & dlnh

Phf,n bd vir sinh th6i: Bdu ddt

phdn bd 6 nhi6u nu6c chau A: nhrr An

DQ, Ind6n0xia, Th6i Lan, Philippin vi

YiQt Nam.

Bdu ddt ld lo4i rau mgc hoang

nhung cflng thudng tlugc trdng 6 nhidu

noi ldm rau 6n vi ldm thudc.

Chd bidn lirm thrlc phdm: Ngrrdi

ta thudng ding 16 vi ngon non ndu canh

cua.

ry,

-p,

Bdu ddt

l Nggn cdy mang hoa;

2 Cq,nt hoa;3 Hoa tdch rilng

Srl dgng lim thuO'c: Canh bdu tldt d tgc xem nhu ld bd, mrit dr)ng chotr6 em dn chf,a chr?ng tl6i ddm vd ra md h6i trQm Cring dr)ng chfla ddi s6n, atrii bu61 Ngudi ta ctng ding bdu det ndu canh ldm thrlc dn ch0a benh phu ntr vi6m bing quang man tinh, khi hu, bach ddi Hodc sdc nrldc uOng vdi bQtThd tam thdt ve f di sao, vdi li6u bdng nhau, m6i ldn 10-159, ngdy udng 2 Ldn.

d Campuchia, thAn vi 16 bdu tlat phdi hqp vdi nhrrrg loii cdy kh6c dirng tld ha nhiQt trong chrlng sdt ph6t ban nhrr c6c bQnh sdi, tinh hdng nhiQt.

d Vt"l.ixia, ngudi ta cong ding 16 dn trQn vdi ddu, giri'm vd cflng dtngcay tld tri ly Cdn d Giava (Intl0noxia), ngrrdi ta ding n6 dd tri b€nh dau

thdn

BEO SEN

Bdo sen hay BEo tdy, Bdo

Nhat Brin, Luc binh - Eiclilrcrnia

crassipes (Mart.) Solms, thu6c hg

Bdo luc binh - Ponlederiacae.

MO ti: Cdy th6n thio, sdng

ldu nlm, ndi tr6n m6t nrrdc ho{c

brim noi dit bin, mang mQt chim

rO ddi vi rQm 6 phia dudi Kich

thrrdc cfra cay thudng thay tldi tiy

theo m6i truo'lg sdng c6 nhidu hay

it chdt mirn L6 moc thinh hinh

hoa thi, c6 cudng phinh l6n thinh

phao n0'i, gdn Id hinh cung Cum

hoa hinh b6ng hay chiy & ngon, dii

15cm hay hon Hoa khOng ddu, miu

xanh nhat hay tim Cdc 16 dii vd

cdnh hoa ctng miu hdn lidn vdi

nhau & g6c; cdnh hoa tr6n c6 mQt

ddm ving Qu6 nang, nhung it khi

c4p.

Bbo sen

Dgng chung cila cdy.

PhAn bd vi sinh thdi: Bdo sen gdc 6 Braxin, duoc mang vdo ldm c6nh

6 nrrdc ta til ndm 1905 vd dd nhanh ch6ng lan ra khdp noi, thudng gip 6nhfng ch6 c6 ntrdc bi tt hAm ho6c noi nudc ngot ch6y ch{m nhu ao, hd, tlAm,

mudng m6ng, ven sOng O nudc ta, bdo sgn sdng quanh n6m, sinh sin chfi

ydu bXng con dudng vd tinh Til n6ch ld ddm ra nhffng th6n bb ddi, vi m6i

dlnh thdn bd cho mOt cdy mdi, v6 sau t6ch ra thinh m6t c6 thd dQc lap.

d nrrdc ta, ngudi ta dirng bdo sen lAm phAn xanh b6n ruQng, ldm chdt

tlQn tld ri phdn chu6ng vi d{c biQt ldm thrlc tn xanh ho{c ndu chin vdi c6rh vi

bQt ngO cho lon in Bdo sen cfrng li ngu6n thfc 6n t6t cho bd trong mira khOthi6u c6 trroi Cdy bdo ttrrgc vrtt b6 hdt phtdn 16 vi 16 bam nh6, tlem ri l0n

men trong 24 giit v6i mQt it nddc mudi rdi trQn l5n vdi crim cho bd dn.

Chd bidn lirm thr[c phdn; Bdo sen cflng c6 thd ding ldm rau 6n.

Ngudi ta rft c6c dgt non, rtta sach xdt m6ng dirng ndu canh, chi cdn cho chin

tdi, khOng nOn ndu chin nhir, 6n n6t kh6ng ngon BOng hoa in cflng ngon, c6

thd dnng dn sdng hodc ndu canh nhr-r cilc dot non.

Nem 1979, ViQn chen nu6i dd cho bidt thdnh phdn h6a hoc c0a thdn bEo

sen nhu sau (tinh theo 7c): rr.tdc 92,3, protein 0,8, lipid 0,3, cellulose 1,4, d6n

xua't kh6ng ptbtein 5,08 vd kho6ng todn phdn 1,4 (trong tl6 calcium 0,159, phosphor 0,039)

Srff dqng lirm thudc: 86o sen c0ng duoc ding lim thudc, c6 tdc dgng

chfia strng tdy hoic vi6m dau, nhu srrng bdp chudi 6 bgn, tiOm bi 6p xe, chinm6, qung n6ch, vi6m tinh hodn, vi6m kh6p ng6n tay, vi6m h4ch bach huydt

v.v Ngudi ta thr/dng ding phdn phinh cria cudng ld gi6 n6t, th6m mudi (5-8gmudi trong 1009 bdo) d midn Nam tnldc tliy, bi con c0ng thudng dnng tld

chfia nhirng vdt thuong trOn co thd bi nhi6m dQc chdt h6a hoc Gdn ddy, ngrrdi

ta cl6 ph6t hi6n th€m cdc loi ich kh6c c&a blo sen nhrl:

- Chdng 0 nhi6m ngudn nrtdc: B0o lim sqch nrl6c & noi chring mgc, c6

khi ndng lim gi6m.b6t 6 nhi6m m6i trrldng ChI cdn 1/3 ha bbo, rp6i ngdy dritld lgc ftong 2.225 t6n nudc bi 0 nhi6m c6c chdt th6i sinh hgc vi c6c h6achdt B0o sen.cdn loqi tlugc cdc kim lo4i n{ng, tlQc nhtr thriy ngdn, chi, kdn,

bqc, ving v.v

- Cung cdp ning luong: Cho blo lOn men bing vi khudn, 1kg bdo s6 cho 0,3m3 khi m6tan Bd bbo sau khi l6n men, c6 thd ding lim ph6n b6n.

Bi DAO

Bi dao, Bi phdn hay Bi xanh

-Benincasa lispida (Thunb.) Cogn.,

thuQc h9 Bdu bi - Cucurbitaceae.

M6 ta: CAy thio sdng mQt nf,m,

moc leo dai tdi 5m, c6 nhidu l6ng ddi;

16 hinh tim x6 5 thny chAn vit, tua

cudn thr/dng phAn nhrinh 3; hoa don

tinh miu vdng; qui thuon dii, lfc non

c6 nhidu l6ng cfng, khi gia c6 s6p d

m4t ngbrii, nlng 3-5kg, mdu luc mdc,

chrla nhi6u hat dep.

Phin bd vi sinh thdi: Bi tlao

gdc & An DQ, <tuoc trdng kh6p c6c

ving nhiQt ddi vd c{n nhi0t ddi cria

chdu A vir midn tl6ng chdu Dai Duong.

d nu6c ta, bi clao tlrroc trdng phd bidn

khdp moi ndi, nhdt li quanh c6c

thdnh phd, thi x5.

Bi tlao

l Ld vd lna dqrc;2 Hoa cdi;

3 Ddtt nhuy;4.Qwi

Ta thudng gIp hai gidng chinh ld

bi d6 vi bi gd'i Bi d6 c6 qui nh6, thuOn dii, v6 xanh, khi gid v6 xanh xdm vd

crlng, hdu nhu khdng c6 phdn trlng & ngoii Bi tLi ddy cii, it ruQt, in ngon.

Gidng niy cho nang suAt thap Cbn Bi gdi qu6 to, khi gid phi ldp s6p trdng

Bi gdi ddy cii nhung ruQt nhidu Gi6'ng ndy cho ntrng sudt cao.

Chd bidn lim thr/c phdm: Bi dao li loai rau xanh thudng dirng trongcric bf,a [n cta chring ta, cfing nhtr dua chuQt N6 d6 chd bidn vi c0ng d0 brio

qudn N6n dd bi gia noi m6t, khO raio dd cho tho6ng, khOng xdp chdng IOn

nhau, nhu thd c6 thd brio qurin bi trong nhidu th6ng.

C6 thd dirng bi luQc 5n ho{c ndu canh t6m, canh cua, lim nQm, xio thit

gd, thit lon Bi dao cdn dirng ldm mr1t, mft bi thudng ding trong dip TetNguy0n ddn.

Ngrrdi ta de bidt thinh phdn cfia bi dao tuoi theo tj' rc eq.: nudc 95,5,protein 0,6, lipid 0,0, glucid 2,4, cellulose 1,0, vd tbeo mgVo: calcium 26,

phosphor 23, sdt 0,3, natrium 13, kalium rsO, 0- caroten b, vitamin Br 0,01,vitamin 82 0,02, vitamin PP 0,09 vi vitamin c 16 Nnng lrrong do 1009 bicung cdp Id 12 calo.

s.? dlrrg lirm thudc: Bi trao cOng drroc srl dung ram thu6'c Bi dao, t6nthuoc li DOng qua, c6 vi ngot, tinh lanh, khOng c6 dOc, c6 t6c dyng loi tidu,

ti6u phir thflng, girii kh6t, m6t tim, trir phidn nhiot, tieu sung mut.

rlong Linh nam

Tinh vi cam hin, kh6ng rlQc khiGiai kh6t, thanh tdm lui nhiQt phi6nTi€u ung, th0ng trudng vi loi thfiy.,,v6 bi dao sdc u6'ng loi tidu, chtra bQnh d6i d6t do bang quang nhiQt ho{c

d6i duc ra chat nhdy Bi dao cing hinh cri na'u canh v6i c6 ch6pitd dn chfra phr) thing, c6 minh vi mdt tldu phn.

Hat bi dao thudng ding chira ho L6 bi dao gid n6t trQn vdi gidm ildp

chfla c6c ddu ng6n tay stfng dau.

si o6

Bi d6, Bi ngO, Bi thom - Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.)

Duchesne ex Poir., thuQc hg Bdu bi - Cucurbitoteae.

M6 tri: Cdy th6o moc hlng ndm c6 th6n, cu6ng 16 vd 16 cd l6ng minmdm Ld c6 phidn hinh tim, tir, c6 rdng, c6c thty rd nhon 6 dinh, miu luc s6m, thr/dng c6 ddm trdng Hoa khOng thom; ld tldi d4ng 16 eu6 c6 cuOng qu6phinh rQng ra & ch6 dinh cria qu6, c6 g6c; qu6 thddng c6 hinh dang thaj dti;

v6 quri miu luc den, ving hay d6, thit qu6 c6 nhidu bOt.

Phan bd vi sinh th6i: c6v gdc 6 ving Tay A, hiQn cflng trrroc trdng

nhidu 6 c6c xr1 n6ng, nhdt li & Trung nay d1ua ta bi d6 au-o; trdng litdp

noi Thulng duoc trdng nhidu 6 c6c vr)ng ddt b6i ven s6ng, tldt soi bai, dattrdng mdu, tron c6c nudng ray Ddng bdo cdc d6n tQc midn nfi thudng trdngnhidu.

Chd bidn lirm thrfc Phdm:

Ngudi ta thtrdng str dqrng c6c nggn non

vi hoa cua bi d6 dC lam rau dn NOn

hrii hoa thQt sdm vi khi 6nh sdng mdt

trdi chi6u l6n tr6n cdy thi hoa h6o

ngay; chi n6n ldy hoa dr.fc, trir hoa c6i

cho n6 ra qu6 H6i hoa ho{c ngon non

cfra c6c chdi c0ng n6n tld d ch6 mrit dd

giir cho rau ldu h6o Khi lim rau, phdi

tudc b6 ldp v6 ngoii cria cay haY

cudng hoa vi c6 l6ng Ngudi ta thudng'

ding hoa bi vir ngon non tld luQc chdm

vdi nddc cri kho t6m kho haY thit

kho Rau bi tlem xiro vdi t6i, rin cfrng

ngon.

Theo Trung tAm dinh dudng

thinh pho Hd Chi Minh, rau bi c6 Bi d6

thinh phdn dinh dt{dng tinhtheo g/a: L'Ldudhoaduc;2'BQnhi;protein 2,7 , lipio: 0, glucid 1,7 , S Hoa cdi; 4' Edu nhuvi S'5" Qttti'cellulose 1,7 vd theo mgTo: calcium

100, phosphor 25,8, sft Zt, natrium: 17, kalium 390, P - caroten 1940 vi

vitamin C 11.

Ngudi ta da bidr thinh phdn dinh drrdng crja bi d6 tinh theo ffi: protein

0,3, lipid: 0, glucid 5,6, cellulose 0,7 vi theo mgflo: calcium 24, phosphor 16,

sdt 0,5, natrium 8, kalium 349, 0 - caroten 960 vd vitamin C 8.

eui bi xanh cbn non thudng drrgc dr)ng xdo ri6ng ho{c xdo lan vdi thit

dd nn, ho{c ding ndu canh tom kh6, thit nac Cong c6 thd n6'u vdi nudc cdt

dila vir lac dn cing b6o vd thom ngon QuA bi gii dirng xiro hodc ndu canh Srft drlng lim thudc: Bi .16, bi ngd li thfc in cho chdt bd dudng, l?i c6

tinh chdt ldm diu, giii nhiQt, giii kheit lim m6m, tri ho, nhu{n trirng vi loitidu chring drroc chi clinh clirng trong trr.fdng hsp bi vi6m thldng tiet nieu, bQnh tri, vi6m mqt, kidt ly, mat ngi, suy nhud.c, suy thdn, chrrng kh6 ti6u,

tdo b6n, tl6i cludng vi c6c benh v6 tim Thudng ding qui gie tddi ldy dch

u6ng hhng ngiy vio s6ng sdm cho nhuQn tring holc ndu xrip tlii In Ding

ngoii tld tldp tri b6ng vi c6c chrlng vi6m, 6p xe, hoai thrr 16o suy M6n chd bicl6 nau vdi dau do, rl{u alen, lac, ndp ld m6n dn quen thuQc dnng dd bd dudng,

lai vira ldm thuoe, tri dau ddu, mdt ngfi, suy nhtroc thdn kinh, dau mang 6c,vi6m ming n6o

Hat bi tt6 ding d6 rang dn, lai c6 t6c dung tay giun s6n, kh6ng dQc

(rang dn cho ddn no rdi udng nhi6u nudc pha mudi cho d6 di ngodi tld tdygiun ra) Ngudi ta'cdn ding hat bi d6, bi ng6 ph6i hop vdi v6 16 lrru vd hatcau gii ldm thu6'c tdy sdn xo mit Nhfi tudng duoc tao thdnh khi ta nd'u cdchat dd gid ra vi nghi6n nh6, cd tinh chat lim diu vi girii nhi€t, ding tri mdtngri, dau do vi€m ttr-rdng tidt 4i9g cu6'ng quri bi ct6, bi ng6 rlem phoi kho ald

ddnh phdng khi ngQ dQc do thit c6, thi dem trin thdnh bOt mi udng tld gi6i

dOc.

d T rrrg Qudc, bi d6 c6 t6n li Nam qua duoc dtng ldm rau in vd lim

thudc Nhidu bQ phqn cfra c6y nhu hat, cudng qud, 16, than, tua cudn, 16, hoa,

qud ddu drrgc sr? dung lim thuoc, xem nhrr c6 vi ngot, tinh dm, c6 t6c dungkhu trr)ng, bd trung ich khi, ti6u vi6m giii dQc Thudng dDng tri hdu hon!sr.hg dau, b6ng, rdn dQc cdn, giun dfra, s6n xd mit vi bQnh huydt hdp trirng

Ghi chri: Cdn c6 loii bi cl6, bi ng6 kh6c:

- cucurbita maxima Duchesne ex Lam., cfrng goi la bi d6, bi ro cfrng

nhtr lodi tron, thdn criy, cudng 16 vi 16 ddu c6 lOng mdm Ld to, c6 cdc thr)ytrdn Hoa hoi c6 mii thom, ld dai dai eu6 c6 cudng khOng phinh r6ng 6 ch6 gdn vdi qud, gdn hinh tru, mdm vd xop eu6 rdt to, c6 thd nang tdi b0ke.Lodi ndy c6 gOc a An o6, duoc nh4p trdng dd l6'y qu6 lirm rau 6n nhu

lodi tr6n

' cucurbita pepo L thrrdng ggi ln Bi ngO, Bi ro kh6c vdi hai loii tr6n b6i

th6n, cu6'ng 16 vi ld c6 lOng crrng l6m ch&m c6 th6n mgc bd hay leo nhd tua

cudn, c6 16 chia thr)y hay chia cit nhi6u thinh thiy nhon v6i mdt td lEm

chdm lOng n6n rdt nhdm; qud thrJdng ddi, c6 lOng nhu gai, cudng qu6 c6 b

canh, khong phinh rQng 6 ch6 dinh cdy gdc d chau phi nhi6t tldi, tluoc trdngnhi6u vi c6 nhi6u giong trdng

6 nudc ta, bi ngO cfrng tluo.c dr)ng ldm rau 6n nhubi d6 Theo viQn Dinhdudng, thdnh phdn c0a Bi ng6 tinh theo g7o: n.u.6c g2,0, protid 0,3, glucid 5,6,

cellulose 0,7, tro 0,8 vd theo mgVo: calcium 24,0, phosphor 16, sdt: 0,80, B _

caroten 960, vitamin 81 0,06, vitamin 82 0,0s, vitamin pp 0,4 va vitamin c

8.

d T.ung Qudc ngUdi ta goi n6 li T6y hd 16, c6 qud dtng 6n vi dtng lim

thud'c tri nh6nh khi quin hiio suy6n.

BQ MAY

Bo mdy hay Ddng cey

Clerodendrum cyrtoplryllum Turcz.,

thuQc ho C6 roi ngua - Verbenoceae.

M6 tri: CAy bui hay cdy nhd cao

kho6ng 1,5m, c6 c6c cdnh non mdu

xanh, l6c tldu phti l0ng, vd sau nhin

Lii moc d6'i, hinh bdu duc-mfii miic

hay hinh trtfng thudn, ddi 6-15cm,

rQng 2,5-7cm, dAu nhon vi thudng c6

mfri, gdc trdn hay nhon; phidn 16

thudng nguy6n, it khi c6 ring, gAn ndi

16 6 mdt dudi Hoa miu trd.ng (it khi

d6) hop thinh ngir, d tldu cdnh phia

ngon cdy; nhi thd ra ngoiri vd dii gdn

gap cl6i ong trdng Qu6 hach c6 ddi

tdn tai

PhAn bd vir sinh thrii: Bo mdy

Ii cdy da s6ng, thtfdng moc 6 c6c tldi

hoang, 6 c4nh dudng di, eip nhidu 6 midn trung du vd c6 6 tldng bXng.

Chd bidn lim th{c phdm: L6 non thudng duoc h6i ldm rau dn, do n6

c6 vi ttdng md 6 mQt sd dia phuong A Thdi Nguy0n, ngudi ta goi n6 ld rauddng (chd nhdm vdi nhidu lodi rau d,6.ng Lim thudc khdc) Ngudi ta ldy edc ngQn non, rfra sach, tlem hdp tr6n ndi com ho{c luQc cham nudc m6m, nrldc c6

kho 6n vdi com, c6 t6c dqrng girip ti6u h6a tdt

Srt dqng lirm thudc: Lri vd rO c0ng duoc dtrng lim thudc, thu h6i quanhndm Nhdn dAn thrrdng ding 16 phoi khO sao vdng sdc cho phu nO sau khi

sinh d6 u6'ng tld loc m6u vi bdi bd co thd d Trr.rg Qudc, ngudi ta goi cdy niy

ld D4i thanh, Vi cfing s& dung 16 (D?i thanh diep) vi r5 (Dai thanh c6n) lim

thudc, Bo mdy c6 vi ddng, tinh hdn, c6 t6c dqng thanh nhiQt giii tlQc, luonghuy6't loi niQu, t6 h6a, ding trf srrng amygdal, viOm tuydn mang tai, viOm

89 mdy

L Ngon cdnlr mang hoa;2 Quti.

23

hgng cdp tinh, ly vi khudn, bOnh nhi6m tring mdu, rdn cdn vi cOn trirng tldt,sdi, dtl phbng viOm ming ndo.

Luong y LO Trdn Erlc gidi thiQu mQt sd tlon thudc sfr dung Bo mdy:

- BQnh 6n nhiQt, sdt n6ng mia hb, chfng thrrc nhiOt, s6't cao, nhrlc tldu,tdm phidn kh6t nddc, dnng 12-209 ki tuoi sdc nr.tdc rdi hba th6m tlrrdng cho udng.

- T16 em sdt bai liet, sot viOm n6o, sdt phat ban, quai bi, sot xudt huydt,ding 16 89 mdy, 16 vi hoa Kim ng6n, Thach cao, Huydn sim, m6i vi 20g sdc udng.

- Don dQc, srrng hong 6 miQng, l6n sdi mgc ddy ttng m6ng, dtrng 16 Bo m6'y, Dinh dnnh, Chrit chit, Nfc n6c, Cam th6.o tldt, Cam th6o d6y, m6i vi12g sdc udng.

- NgQ ilQc Nhdn ngdn hay Ba d{u, ding 16 tuoi cdy Bo mdy, gi6 nh6, chd nrrdc r6i vitldy nudc cot tld udng, cirng nhidu cdng t6't.

BO CONG ANH

Bd c6ng anh - Taratacum

officinale Wieg thuQc ho C6c

Asteraceo,e.

MO ti: C6 sOng nhidu n6m nhd

16 phq phinh to, thdn ngdn, cao

2-3cm, c6 nhidu dich miu trdng L6 mgc

chgm 6 dat, kh0ng lOng, ch6 thinh

thtry nhgn Cgm hoa hinh rd trOn

cudng dii 10-30cm; trong cldu hoa chi

g6m c6 nhftng hoa hinh ludi miu

ving, bOn ngoii li nhfrng hing 16 bdc

md hing 6 ngodi cong xuO'ng Quri bd

c6 10 c4nh, c6 mQt m6 dii mang miro

l0ng miu trdng

PhAn bd vi sinh thrii: Loii cria

c6c ving dm vi lanh cua chdu Au vir

Bd c6ng anh Dgng clutttg.

Bdc A duoc phdt t6n vio c6c nddc ch6u A: An DO, Trung Qudc, ViQt Nam,

Ldo, Th6i Lan, Malaixia, Ind6n6xia, Philippin d nudc ta cdy moc hoang ri

nhidu noi ttr Lai Chdu, Lio Cai, Son La, Hi Giang, Vinh phric, Thila Hu6'vd LAm D6ng Thrrdng g6p 6 c6c bd drldng, tring co, sdn vrrdn d d6 cao 1000-2500m.

Thi6n-Ch6'bi€'n lim thr/c phdm: Ngudi ta thu hdi 16 vi ngon non ldm rau dn

nhu rau xi ldch.

SnI dgng lim thu6c: Tt thd kY thf 16, nhidu thdy thuoc da bi6t ttdn

cdc tinh chdt lgi tidu cria ciy C6 thd dnng dn todn cAy vi nhat li 16 Ngudi

ta rang 16 l6n thay thd ci ph6 CAy cdn c6 nhidu tdc dung tdt, nhdt li vdi

sr.r ti6u hr5a, mQt m{t n6 ting srlc b6p cira da ddy, m6t khric kich thich su

ti6t dich cria gan, tuy vi ruQt, nhfrng ngrJdi bi b6nh ving da, s6i gan, thi6'u

n6ng gan, vdi nhfrng b€nh liOn quan: bQnh v6 da, eczema, hdc ldo Ngudi c6ruot ho4t tlQng y6'u, bi t.{o b6n, bi s6i, bi tkii drrdng nen ding Bd cong anh

ldm rau N6 cdn c6 tzic dung bd, loc mdu, loi sfra, kich thich vi ch6'ng hoai

huy€l Dr-toc dr)ng ngodi ddp mun nhot, vi6m sdng vd cdc b6nh ngoii da.

Cdn o phttong DOng, ngudi ta tht/dng dnng 86 c6ng anh tld chfra: 1 Sungv6, vi6m tuydn stra; 2 it sfa; 3 Tidu ti6n kh6 khen, nhi6m trirng tltrdng tidt

niQu; 4 Mun nhot, sung tdy, ngrla l& ngoii da Cdn duoc dirng tri dau mdt,

ti6u h6a kh6ng binh thudng vi rdn cdn.

C6 thd dtng drrdi dang thu& hdm, thudc sdc ho6c ngam rdgu udng, ndu ntldc rta ho{c gi6 tuoi ddp.

rd cONc ANH HoA TiM

Bd cOng anh hoa tim, Cii 0 16, Didp xodn - Cichorium intybus L., thuQc

ho Crlc - Asterateae.

MO tri: Cdy th6o sdng m6t ndm hay hai ndm, cao 30-b0cm, c6 thd den

1m, c6 thAn phin nhdnh; c6c nh6nh c(ng vd 16 ddu c6 l6ng L6 mgc chgm d

gdc; phidn }i c6 nhi6u thiy sdu, xodn; m6p thiy c6'r6ng nhon, kh6ng l6ng;

cric 16 phia tr€n hinh ngon gi6o tir 6m thin Cum hoa chia nh6nh mang hoa ddu kh6ng cu6'ng chi gdm nhtng hc,a hinh lrrdi miu lam tlep.

Phin bd vi sinh thdi: Ngudn gdc

tt ch6u Au, c0ng g4p 6 An DQ, Trung

Quoc, Th6i Lan, Ind6n6xia d nrrdc ta, c6

trdng d Ldo Cai, Son La, Hi Giang, LAm

Ddng Cdy thich hop vdi khi hdu m6t 6

dQ cao 800-2000m Ra hoa vdo th6ng

7-9.

Chd bidn lirm thr/c phdm: L6

tlrroc ding rau 6n gh6m.

Sr,l dUng lim thu6'c: Ngrtdi c0'dai

cho rbng cdy niy c6 ich cho gan Thdy

thu6c Dioscoride cho bi& caty loi ti6u

h6a; hoc trd cira 6ng li Galien lai dirng

cAy tri dau mdt vd ngQ dQc Ngudi ta cdn

ding tri c6c bQnh vd gan, vdng da, s6i

mdt, thidu ndng m6t vi ding ngoii trf

benh vd da Cdy cdn c6 tric dung bd da

ddy, lgi sita, loi tidu, ha sdt va tri giun.

d An DE, ngrrdi ta dirng cdy lim

86 c6ng anh hoa tim

t Phdn gdc cdy;

2 Ngott cdy nmng hoa;

3 In bdc; 4 Qud.

tdng luc trong vi6c di6u tri b6nh sO't r6t, nOn mfta, ia ch6y vi sung 16 l6ch; 16

tlrroc ding ldm thudc loi ti6u h6a vd loi tidu O Tuynidi, ngudi ta cbn dirng ciy

tri b€nh d6i aludng d enap, hoa tlrroc dr)ng h6m udng bd phdi; 16 pha nrrdc u6'ng chtra bQnh v6 gan mat; ngUdi ta cdn ld.m mQt dang xir0 cho tr6 em bi t6o b6n.

thinh xim 6 nrich Li Qud bd nh5n ho{c c6 gai.

Phin bd vir sinh thrii: BO'i xOi c6 ngudn gO'c til mOt lodi rau hoang dqi 6

ving Trung DOng, duoc trdng d d6 tit l6u rldi, vA tlugc thudn h6a thinh loti

bdi xOi hiQn nay B6'i.x0i drroc nh6p

vdro nddc ta, c6 tr6ng 6 ngoai thinh

Ha NOi, vir dtroc trdng nhidu 6 Dd Lat,

tinh Lrim D6ng.

Chd bidn lirm thrtc phdm: B6'i

x6i li mQt lo4i rau c6 thd dr)ng 6n

s6'ng, 5n nh6ng trong nrrdc s6i, 5n

luQc hay ndu canh N6 ld loai rau dugc

rra chuQng vi thuOc loai rau ngon gidu

chdt dinh dudng Rau boi xOi rat gidu

vd muoi khodng Trong 1009 rau, c6

cric thirnh phdn tinh theo g7o: protid

2, glucid 7 vd lipid it hon 0,50 vi theo

mgVo' natrium 500, kalium 37, calcium

49, phosphor 37, magnesium 37,

sulfur 29, mangan 0,50, k6m 0,45,

ttdng 0,13, sdt Z-S; cbn c6 iod, arsen

vir cdc vitamin B, C, caroten, Bg (acid

folic), Brz, chlorophin vd hoat chdt

spinacin

Srft dqng lim thudc: Bdi x6i ld mQt loai rau cung cdp chdt kho6ng c6gi6 tri, dirng chong bQnh thidu m6u, ch6'ug hoai huyet (scorbut), bd tim, tdngtidt dich tuy, dich vi, mat, cdc tuydn nQi tidt, lim sach dudng ti6u h6a C6 khi

ciing ding trf ung thu nhung chrra kh8ng tlinh hiQu qu6.

Do d6, n6 dugc chi dinh ding trong trudng hgp thidu m6u, dd dttdng sfc,

tri bgnh hoai huydt, ch6'ng su gii ydu, cdi xrrong, gi6p cho ch6ng ldn, tri suy

nhuoc thd lrrc vi thdn kinh, ung thrr (?) Dnng ngoAi, tri b6ng, bQnh ndim, c6cvdt thrrong mdt truong h,tc.

C6 thd dirng ndu chin hay dn sdng, ho{c gi6 n6t ldy nrldc (dich 16) pha

rtlgu u0'ng (tld dr-tcng srlc, chdng gid ydu) Dnng phdi hop vdi cii.i soong ldy dich

16 udng tri suy nhuoc co thd vA thdn kinh Dr)ng ngodi gie ddp ho{c trQn ddudta, ddu mb t4 b6ng, ndm vd vdt thuong

Bdi x6i gidu vd chdt khodng, nhdt ld c5c oxalat (K vi Ca), nOn nhfingngudi bi bQnh tlau gan m?n tinh, th6p kh6p, t4ng khdp, s6i niQu dao, vi6m d4

diy vd ruQt khOng n6n dirng C[ng cdn chf f ld bdi xOi ctng ding tdt cho

ngudi bi tlng acid uric huydt.

lJor xol

l Todn cdy;

2 Cdnh ntang hoa;3 Hoa

N6i chung, rau bdi xOi thich hop cho tr6 em, ngudi vi thrinh ni6n cho tt6'n ngudi gii, nhfrng ngrrdi bi thidu mdu vi nhirrg ngudi bi b6nh man tinh.Ng:udi lao d6ng tri 6c c0ng tdn dirng (do n6 c6 nhidu p), n8udi thdnh thi do b!

0 nhi6m moi trrrdng (nhd c6 sdt, n6 gi6p sg hoat dQng ctia c6c hdng cdu),

ngudi bi bQnh ngoii da ddu dirng tdt

d T.u.rg Qudc, BO'i x6i c6 tOn li Ba th6i iluo c ding lim thudc bd dudng

dd chfra bQnh bdn huydt

sdN s6N

Bdn bdn, C6 nen 16 hep, Th0y huong,

Thriy chfc - Typlm angustifolia L., thuQc hg

C6 nen - Typlmceae.

M6 ti: C6 song nhidu ntrm c6 thdn 16

bb; thdn thEng cao L-2m Ld dtlng, hep dii

30-60cm, r0ng 4-6mm,.cfng, goc c6 be 0m

th6n Cum hoa hinh ciy ndn; hoa trdn

Hoa c6i c6 l6ng minh tr6n trg nhqy dii, c6

hoa I6p; hoa dgc c6 phidn hoa nhd soi,

thudng c6 3 nhi Qu6 bdnh6, ddi.

PhAn bd yi sinh th6i: B6n bdn moc

d ruQng, ttdm ldy, ven s6ng rach nddc ngot,

c6 khi t4o thinh d6m rQng tr6n bin c6

nudc lo HiQn nay drroc trdng nhi6u d mOt

sd tlnh d6ng bhng sOng Crfu Long (Bqc

Li6u, Cd Mau).

Chd bidn lim thrtc phdm: Ngudi ra

thu hrii cd'Lc ng6 vd 16 non lim rau In C6

thd luOc, ndu canh, xdo in ho{c lim rau trn nhfng ldu m{m cing v6i rau

ddng, bdng sring, klo ndo Cfrng c6 thd mudi lim dtra chua in cfing ngon.Hat bdn bdn chi sqch v6 ding ndu ch6o 6n nhuk6

Srfr dqmg lim thu6'c: LOng & hoa qu6 ding dQn gdi vn lim thu6c cdm

mdu Phdn hoa dtng tuoi'lim thudc chtra kinh nguy6t bd sinh dau bung, daungfc vi th6ng tidu tiQn; ndu sao den ding tri ho ra m6u, chiy m6u cam.

B6n b6n

L T&n cdy;

2 Hoa uii;3 Hoa duc.

Ca, Ce ph6o, Cd cd - Solanum

melongen.a L., thuQc ho Ca

Solanaceae.

M6 ta: Ciy th6o sdng hdng nim

hay song dai, c6 thin h6a 96 L6 moc

so le, phri nhidu l6ng, phidn Li hinh

trdi xoan hay thuOn Cgm hoa 6 n6ch

16; hoa miru tim xanh, tim nh4t ho{c

trdng QuA mong c6 kich thddc, hinh

d4ng, miu sdc thay ttdi tny theo Ioqi

vd di6u kiQn trdng trot

PhAn bd vi sinh thrii: CA gdc 6

An DO, tlugc nh4p trdng vdo nrldc ta ti/

l6u ddi Trong qud trinh trdng trot vi

chon loc, ngudi ta de tao ra nhidu

gidng cd, phd bien la:

- Ce bdt, c6 qui to blng c6i b6t,

mdu tring xanh.

- Ci xoan, c6 qud dii, mdu xanh.

- Ci phdo, c6 qud nh6, miu tr{ng ho{c vdng, tr6ng rdt phd bidn

- Ca trl thdi, c6 qud b6 hinh cdu, c6 miu sdc thay ttdi, cho qu6 quanhnlm

- Ca ddi dO, c6 qud ddi, thon, mhu trdng holc miu tim, nh{p tU Ph6p.

- Ca tim, c6 qu6 hinh tru dii, phAn tldu phinh to hon, thudng c6 miutim sAm Loai ci ndy drroc nhidu ngUdi thich dn.

Cbn c6 gidng cd drla, ci sung

Chd bidn lim thq(c phdm: Ci thudng dtng 6n xio, iin luQc, dr)ng lim

nQm En sdng (b6p xdi vdi mudi dd chdrn mdm dn), mudi xtli (ce ph6o), n6n (cibdgt) vn mu6'i m4n in ddn d gia dinh n6ng th6n c6c tinh phia Bdc, thtrdng c6vai ci mudi hay chum tr.rong, vai nhrit Ci ph6o ding mudi mdn, c6 khi trQn

ca

L Cdnlr nrang hoa;2 Quti.

29

L

vdi m5m (ci mdm); 6 NghQ finh, c6 gidng cd v6 cii diy nn gidn Nhi tho

Huy Cdn dd viet:

" Ai oi! cd xfi NghO Cdng mdn lai cing grdn "

CA tim vd ci ddi de thudng drro c dDng xdt m6ng tim bQt r6n hotrc ndu

bung dd dn (cd tim om d6u phu).

Trong 1009 cd, c6 cdc thdnh phdn tinh theo g7o nlrrrt sau: nrrdc 92,b;

protid 1,5; glucid 3,6; cric chdt kho6ng tinh theo mgVo: phosphor 16,

magnesium 12, calcium 12, kalium 220, htu hulnh 15,16, natrium b, sdt 0,7,

mangan 0,20, k6m 0,20, d6ng 0,10, iod khodng 0,002 Cic vitamin (tinh theo mgVo); p - caroten 20,810,03, 82 0,04, PP 0,5 vd C 6.

Trong 1009 cd tim, c6 c6c thdnh phdn tinh theo gVo: nrldc 67,g, protein

1, glucid 4,5, cellulose 1,5.vd theo mgTo: calcium 15, phosphor: 34, sdt 0,4, p

-caroten 10, vitamin 81 0,04, vitamin C 15.

Stft dqng lim thudc: Cd ld loai rau it b6' drrdng, nhung cfrng dr/oc sir

dgng lim thudc N6 c6 tinh chdt chO'ng thidu m6u, nhu4n trdng, loi tidu, kich

thich gan, m{t vi tuy, ldm diu dau Thudng tlugc dUng tld chra thidu m6u,trdng nhac, tdo b6n, gi6m ni6u, kich thich tim L6 cring duoc ding ddp ldm

diu dau vdt b6ng, rip xe, bQnh ndm, tri

Thudng ding dudi dang th(c dn N€n dn qud chin, vi trrrdc khi chin, qudvdn chrla mOt chdt dQc li solanin (nhrr trong nhirn! phdn xanh cira khoai t6y)

Hdi Thrrong.Ldn Ong dd vi6t trong Linh Nam b6n th6o:

"Gie tir thr,lc t6n goi quri Ci

Loi th6ng, it dQc, ngot lanh mh, Choa ho lao truy6n cing 0n bQnh,Kh6i c6 thflng tlOc, vdi trung hd.

Ldm thudc ding thrl miru ving tO't hdn, vi tinh n6 lanh vd th0ng loi n6n

dn nhi6u d6 sinh dau bung vd tlQng khi ph6t sinh t6t bQnh; phu nfi dn n6 hay

bi tdn hai t& cung."

Ci cfrng c6 t6c dung t6n huydt rl, ti6u sung va cdm m6u Tdc gtALLO TrdnDrlc cho bidt mQt s6'cOng dung cria cd:

- Chfra dai tien ra mdu hay phg ntr rong huy€l, dtrng qud cd gii mdu

ving cd cudng, sao gid tdn nh6, udng m6i ldn 89 vdi nudc gidm nhat, ngiyuong 3 ldn.

- ChOa sttng tdy, ding qui cA mii vdi gidm bOi, hay gi6 nh6, chtrng vdigiam tl{p vio

- Chta tl6i buot ra m6u, di ly ra m6u hay lo6t ruQt ch6y mriu, dirng 16 vi

cAy ci kh6, 40g sdc udng.

- Chdn bi nrlt, n6 vi gi6 lanh, hay mta hd ng6n chdn sung dau, ding 16

vd c6y khO nau nrldc ngdm r[ta.

Qu6 ci mudi cfrng tlugc sit dgng dd chtra:

- Dau rdng, vi6m loi, l6'y cA muoi lAu n5m dot tdn tinh, x6t than niy vdordng, loi Ndu kh6ng c6 cd ldu nAm thi dtrng cudng qui ci, d6t t6n tinh c0ng tlugc.

- Chin m6 6 ng6n tay, ng6n chdn, dr)ng qud ci muoi, kho6t mQt 16 vilacho lgt ng6n tay, ho4c bo d6i quri ci, d(t ng6n tay bi chin m6 vio, bing lai,

ngiy 1 ldn

CA CHUA

Cd chua - Lycopersicon esculentunl (L.) Mill., thuQc ho Cd - Solan.aceae.

M6 ti: CAy thAo sdng theo mia ThAn trbn, phAn nhrinh rdt nhi6u L6k6p l6ng chim chia thiry Hoa miu hdng & n:ich 16 Qu6 mong, hinh cdu, c6 3

6, khi chin miu h6ng hay mdu ving, trong chrla chat dfch chua ngot vi nhidu

h4t dep.

PhAn bd vi sinh thdi: Cd chua 6 gdc P6ru, duoc nh4p trdng vio nhiduxrl nhiet ddi Ca chua drtoc dem vho trdng d nudc ta cudi thd ki 19 6 caic tinh

ddng blng Bdc B0 vi m6t sd ving nfi cao Do trdng trot mir ta dd tao tltroc

nhidu giong trdng C6 gi6'ng qui trbn dep, dring nhu qu6 hdng (cd chua hdng),

mdu sdc t16 tuoi hoic tl6 thdm, thit quA diy, it ngdn; c6 loqi ci chua c6 mrii(ci chua mtii) Gdn d6y, ta c6 nh4p trdng c6c gidng ci chua Ba Lan (cd chua

Y6n MI), ci chua sd 7 (tit gidng cd chua Hung-ga-ri) cd chua HP5 (tU gidng ci

chua Nhat) vi cd chua Dai hdng (tit giong cfia Trung Qu6'c); c6c giO'ng nAy c6

phdm chdt ngon, c6 thd dnng an vi xudt khdu.

31

Chd bidn lim thrtc phdm: Ci chua

duoc trdng dd lay qud dn trroi, ndu canh gidm

vd lim mrft, trlong dt, xdt ci chua, tudng ca

chua vd Id nguy6n liQu d6ng tl6 hQp Cd chua

ld mQt loai rau c6 gi6 tri dinh dudng cao, ch(a

nhidu glucid, nhidu acid hfltr co vi nhi6u loai

vitamin cAn thiet cho co thd con ngudi Cd

chua c6 cric thdnh phdn dinh dudng chinh

tinh theo gEot iltdc 94, protein 0,6, glucid 4,2,

cellulose 0,8 vA tro 0,4, cr)ng cde mu6'i khodng

tinh theo mgTo: calcium 12, phosphor 26, sdt

1,40 vd c6c vitamin: p - caroten 1115, vitamin

81 0,06, vitamin B2 0,04, vitamin PP 0,5 vd

vitamin C 40.

Cd chua cung cdp ndng luong, cung cri'p

chA't khodng, lim tdug srlc sdng, lim cin blng

te bio, khai vi, gi6i nhiet, chdng hoai huydt

(scorbut), chdng nhi6m khudn, chdng nhiOtn

dQc, ldm ki6m h6a c6c m6u qud acid, loi tidu, ld dung m6i cfia ur6, thai urC,gi(p ti6u h6a dE ddng bQt vi tinh b6t.

Srl drlng lim thudc: Cd chua drrgc chi tllnh dirng trn hay ldy dich qui

uong t4 suy nhtldc, 6n khOng ngon miQng, nhi6m d6c man tinh, thila mriu(tr4ng th6i sung huydt), m6u qu6 dinh, xo crlng tidu tlQng mach m6u, tang

khdp, thdng phong, thdp khdp, thira ur6 trong m6u, s6i niQu d4o vd m{t, t6o

b6n, vi6m ruQt Dtrng ngoii dd chfra trfng cri (dirng qui cir chua th6i ldt xoa)

vi vdt ddt cta sri.u bg (dnng 16 vd ra mi x6t)

C0ng cdn ltnr i la qud ci chua chin ch(a c6c sdc td earotenoid c6 tl{c

tinh bio vQ lin da, lim ting sfc chiu th,rng khi tidp xfc vdi dnh ndng Til qud

ci chua ngt/di ta chi6t xudt dugc chat lycopen c6 tdc dung chdng ory h6a, chO'ng 6 nhiOm vi ngdn cin su xdm nh{p c0a nhtrng chit lim cho con ngudi ch6ng gii

Cd chua kh6ng chrla c6c oxalat, nhrrng c6 mQt ch{t tttong tr,, nhu

cortison, nOn ngUdi thdp khdp, thdng phong ddu dirng tltro c Kh6ng nOn th6i

ci chua sdm qu6 trrrdc khi 6n vi n6 mdt ali nhi6u chdt cdn thidt L6 ci chua

ding treo trong phbng 6 cfrng xua ct oc mu6i va ong vd v6.

CiL chua

Ngon cdnlr nnng hoa, quii.

cA ndr

Cd rot (tir ch0 Phrip ln carotte)

-Daucus carota L ssp satiuus Hayek,

thuQc h9 Hoa tdn - Apioteae.

M6 ti: Ci rdt li loai ciy th6o

s6'ng hiing ndm Ld cdt thanh ben

hep Hoa tap hop thinh tdn k6p;

trong m6i t6n, hoa & chinh gifra kh6ng

sinh sin vl miru tia, cdn cdc hoa khdc

c6 mi.u trdng hay h6ng Hat ci rdt c6

v6 h6a 96 vd ldp l6ng cfng che phri.

Phfln bd vir sinh th6i: Cd rdt

ld m6t trong nhfrng loai rau tr6ng

rQng rdi nhat vd l6u ddi nhat tr6n the

gidi Ngr.ldi La m6 goi cd rO't le nU

hoing cfra c6c loai rau.

Cd r6i c0ng drroc trdng nhidu d

nudc ta HiQn nay, cric vtng tr6ng

rau crfa ta dang trdng phd bien 2 loai

cd r6't; mQt loai cti c6 mdu tl6 tuoi,

mQt loai c6 mdu il6 ngd sang mriu da

cam.

Cn rdt

l Cil;2 Nggn cdy mang hoa;

3 Cunt hoa;4 Hoa 6 trung tAm;

5.qun

- Loai v6 tl6 (ci rdt il6) duoc nh4p tr6ng trl l6u, nay nOng ddh ta tU gifigidng; lo4i ci rdt nay c6 cir to nh6 kh6ng tldu, l6i to, nhiiu xo, hay phinnh6nh, k6m ngot.

- Lo4i v6 miu d6 ngA miu da cam li ca rdt nhap cria Ph6p (ci r6t TimTom) sinh trrrdng nhanh hon lo4i tr6n; tf lQ ci tr€n 8OVo, d,a nhin, l6i nh6, it

bi phdn nhrinh nhung c0 hoi ng{n, mdp hon,6n ngon, tluo.c thi trrrdng ua chuQng.

Chd bi6'n lim th{c phdm: Ci rdt li mQt trong nhtng lo4i rau qu;inhdt drroc c:ic thdy thudc tr€n thd gidi cl6nh gid cao vd gi6 tri dinh dudng vi

chfra bdnh ddi vdi con ngr/di.

Cd rot giiu vd luong dudng vir c6c loai vitamin c0ng nhu ndng luong Cdc dang dudng tap trung d ldp v6 vn thit nac cr.ia cfr; phdn loi rdt it Cd rdtc6 ldp v6 ddy, lOi cdng nh6 cing tdt

Cric thinh phAn cira ci rdt, theo tf lQ g?o, c6: ntr6c 88,5, protid 1,b;glucid 8; cellulose 1,2; chdt tro 0,8 Mu6'i kho6ng c6 trong cA rot tinh theo mgTc c6: kalium 206, calcium 43, sdt 0,8, phosphor 39, natrium 52, cldng, bo,brom, mangan, magnesium, molipden Drrdng trong ci rdt chri ydu ld dudng

don (nhrr fructoza, glucoza) chiem t6i 50Vo t6ng ludng dudng c6 trong c[r, ldloai cludng d6 bi oxy h6a dudi t6c dung cira enzym trong cd thd; c6c loai tludng nhrJ levulose vi dextrose tltryc hdp thg trgc ti0'p.

Trong ci rdt c6 rdt nhi6u vitamin C, D, E vi cdc vitamin nh6m B; ngoli

ra, n6 cbn chtu []- caroten (5040), sau khi vio co thd, chdt niy sO chuydn h6a

ddn thinh vitamin A, vitamin c[ra su sinh tru&ng vi tuOi tr6

Til hat ci rot, ngudi ta chiet xuA't tlrrgc chat Docarin (cbn goi ld cao hat

cd r6t)

Ngudi ta thrJdng stt dgng cA rdt drrdi d4ng trroi tld in song (lAm n0m,

trQn dAu giam), xio, n6'u canh, hAm thit Ho{c dtng ci rdt 6p lay dich, ph6'i

hop vdi c6c loai'hoa qud khdc tld lim nudc gi6i kh6t ho{c nddc dinh drrdng Srff dqng lim thudc: Ngudi ta ding thit cu, dich (nudc 6p ci rot) vd hqtnon rld lim thuo'c Ci rdt c6 cric tinh ch6't: bd, tiC'p th€m chdt khoring, limtnng lugng hdng cdu vA huydt cdu to, lim tdng srl mi6n dlch ty nhi6n, ld ydu

td sinh trudng, kich thich sg ti6t stra, l6rm cho c6c m6 vir da tr6 lai N6 cbngitip didu hda ruQt (chdng ia ch6y vi tl6ng thdi nhu{n trirng), chong thdi vi

hin v6't thuong 6 ruQt, loc mdu, lim lo6ng mat, tri ho, loi tidu, tri giun vi hin lidn seo.

Cd rdt c6 nhidu t6c dung, c6 thd dirng ldm thuoc uong trong ho{c ddpngoii Thr/dng dugc chi dinh:

- Ding trong tri suy nhuoc (Mi lo4n sinh trtrdng, thidu chdt khodng, cdi

xuong, sAu rftng), trf thidu mriu (mQt sd trudng hop thidu thi l{c), ia chiy tr6

em vi ngr.rdi ldn, bQnh trrrc trtrng coli, vi6m ruQt non-kOt, bQnh dUdng ruQt,

tdo b6n, lo6t dudng ruQt, t6o b6n, lo6t da dny - tri tring, xuat huydt da ddy

-ruQt, bQnh phdi (ho lao, ho gd man tinh, hen), lao h4ch, thap khdp, thdng

phong, ving da, vfra xd dQng mach, suy gan m{t, giArf sila nu6i con, b6nh

ngodi da, kf sinh trirng tlrrdng ruQt (sin xd mit), drr phdng c6c bQnh nhi6m

tring vi tho6i h6a, dd phbng su ldo h6a vi ciic vdt nhan

Ngudi ta ding dich cir r6't tuoi; ngiy dirng 50 den 5009 sdng vd chi6u, t6i

nhdt vio s6ng sdm l0c tl6i u6'ng mQt cdc C[ng dirng dich trroi ldm thu6'c tri

ho, b6nh vd dudng hO hdp, hen, khdn tidng Dd tri trio b6n, ding 1kg ci rot

cho vio 1 lit nu6c, hdm nhil trong 2 gid vi xay nhuy6n D6 tri ia chriy tre

em, dirng xrip cd rot

DAn gian c6 bii thuoc b6i dudng sau khi d6: cd rot 40g, gtrng Ldoi 2Sg,

thit de hodc thit gd 1009 Ba thrl ndu kf, th6m muoi, gia vi vi dn c6 c6i vi

nrldc Cr1 vdi ngiy 5n mdt bfra.

- Ding ngodi dd chira vet thuong, lo6t, b6ng dinh nhot, ctrdc, nrlt nri, bQnh ngoii da (eczema, n6'm, ch6'c lo tai ch6), dnng ddp apxe vir ung thu vri, ung thu bidu m6.

CACH

Ceich hay Vgng c6ch

Pretnna coryntbosa (Burm f.)

Rottl et Willd fPrentna

integrifolia L.l, thudc ho Cd roi

ng\ra - VerbenaLceae '

M6 tri: Cdy 96 nh6 ph6n

nhdnh, c6 khi moc leo, thudng

c6 gai L6 moc al0'i, hinh trrii

xoan hay trdi xoan bdu duc, gdc

trdn hay hinh tim, ddu tr) hay c6

mfri ngdn, ddi 16cm, rOng td'i

L2cm, nguy6n ho{c hoi khia

ring d phdn tr6n, c6 it l6ng 6

m{t drrdi, nhdt ld tr0n cdc gAn.

Hoa nh6, mdu lrdng luc x6m,

hop thinh ngt d ngon cAy Qui

hach, hinh trrtng, miu den.

PhAn bd vi sinh thii:

c6ch moc hoang dai E nhong ndi ram.rap, tr6n cdc liOp vudn c0ng thrrdng

drro c trdng dd ldy M non ldm rau dn vi dd lim thuoc.

l Ngon cdy nnng h.oa;

2 Hoa;3 Mdt nluinh quti.

Chd bieh Drm th{c phdm: Lri c6ch c6 miri thom d6 chiu, n€n ngudi ta

ding drtdi dang dn sdng, g6i b6nh x6o, brinh khot chung v6i c6c loai rau trtoi

sdng kh6c Tuy nhi6n, ki cdch drrgc srl dung chri ydu tld xio ndu cdc lo4i thit

nhrr thit rdn, thit chuQt ddng, hoic dd um h.ron Ngrldi ta thrrdng thdi nh6 16

C6ch thenh soi rdi cho vio ndi xdo hay ndi um khi cdc logi thit de gdn chinrdi xeo tiep tldn mdm d mQt sd ndi ngudi ta cdn thdi nh6 dd tr6ng trfng

Srr? dgng lirm thu6'c: Ld C6ch c0ng drroc dtng lim thudc chita l5;, th6ng

tidu vi girip ti6u h6a Trong Y hoc cd truydn, ngudi ta xem tlgt cdy c6ch c6 vi

ngot nhdn, tinh m6t, c6 tric dung trg tj' can, lim mdrt gan, sdng mdt, tiCu dqc,loi tidu, tri phn do gan, xd gan (dilng 16 cdch c{p vdi mQt midng gan dOng vQt nrrdng chin mi dn) R6 c6ch th6ng kinh mqch, t6n r1kdt, tO b4i, vt tri chtrng

xudt huydt n6o Ngiy dtrng 8-129.

d mQt sd nt dc kh6c ving DOng Nam A, ngudi ta dl)ng 16 c6ch ttd trithdp khdp vi lim thuOc lgi sra Ngudi ta thrrdng dirng 16 tudi gie ldy nrrdi,

ho{c ldy 16 khO s{c nudc udng tri sdt r6t ngd nrrdc vi tri t6, ly

CAI BAP

Cai bdp, Bdp c6i hay S( :

Brassica oleracea L vht capitata L.,

thuQc h9 Cii - Brassicaceae.

M6 ti: CAy mgc kh6e c6 16 rQng,

lugn s6ng Thdn to vd cfng, mang

nhfrng vdt sgo cfia nhirng 16 di rgng.

Chim hoa & ngon gdm nhidu hoa c6 4

16 dai miu lr,rc vi 4 c6nh hoa miu

phan bd vi sinh thrii: crii b6p t' Bdp ctii;2' Bdp ciii bd dsc'

c6 ngudn gdc tit cdy cii hoang d4i & c6c vdch dd D4i t6y duong C6c qud trinh

Iai, tuydn chgn, xdo trQn di truydn di lAm cho loii cAy hoang dgi bidn itdi

thdnh nhi6u thf: c6i bdp trdng, c6i biip't16, su hio, c6i hoa (suplo).

C6i b{p lA lo4i rau 6n tl6i tlrrgc nh{p vlo tr6ng & nrldc ta ttr lAu Nhitnggidng c6i bdp chinh vu chi cudn bdp khi nhiQt dO dddi 200C Tuy nhi6n,

w,e

nhfing gidng c6i bdp chiu nhiet (chir ydu ld nhirng gidng lai) vAn vio bdp 0

nhiQt d0 25-27oC.

Cdi bdp drrgc trdng 6 nhidu noi thuQc cric tinh phia Bdc d midn Nam,

trrrdc ddy, cf,i bdp li tl{c sAn cria Dd Lat, nhung ngiy nay, nhidu huyQn ngo4i

thinh thinh phd H6 Chi Minh vi virng ddng beng sOng Curu Long cOng ddtrdng crii bdp.

Nhfrng gidng cii bdp dnng tld xuat khdu c6 gi6 tri tlang tlrroc trdng phd

bi6h 6 nrJdc ta hdu hdt ddu ld giong nh4p til nudc ngoii nhu giong Boston ctaPh6p, phdm chat trung binh, gidng K K cross, N S cross vi K V cross cftaNhat ildu ld nhfrng loai rau 6n ngon.

ChO bidn lirm thtJc phdm: NgrJdi ta dd x6c dinh trong cdi bdp tdoi,theo tf lQ g7o c6: nttdc 90; protid 1,8; glucid 5,4; cellulose 1,6; chdt tro 1,2 C6i bdp cfing giiu vo mudi kho6ng, (tinh lheo mgvo) nhdt li calcium 48, phosphor

31 Luong vitamin C 30 trong cii bdp chi thua k6m ci chua, cdn nhidu gaip4,5 ldn so vdi cd rO't, 3,6 ldn so vdi khoai t6y, hdnh tdy Ndng luong do cdi bdp cung cdp cho cd thd ld 29 Kcal.

Ceii bdp thdqng duoc dtng lAm rau- tld che bidn cdc loai thrlc 6n nhrJ rau luQc, rau xio vdi thit nac vd tOm nhrt c6c m6n xio kh6c, ndu canh thit, c0ng

ding lim nQm, mudi dua en xdi nhrr mudi drra cdi gia th6m t6i, rau rem,

tludng, mudi; cdi bip muOi xoi en gibn, hoi m{n, hoi chua, thom miri rau rim,t6i Khi c6 nhidu thi dem mudi vdo khap chda mudi vd phbn chua, rdi ngdmtrong mQt vdi tuAn thi cii bdp sE chua vi 6n tluoc Ngudi ta cdn nhdi thit lonnqc bem nh6 vdo c6c 16 bdp crii tld hdm nhU, ho{c dirng c6c 16 c6i bdp cudn

thit nac dd vio xfing mi hdp.

Sr? dUng lirm thudc: Cii bdp tld dugc s[t dung lim thuoc 6 ch6u Au tU

thdi Thugng cd NguUl ta dd goi n6 ld "Thdy thudc cia ngudi nghao" Ngiynay, ngudi ta de bi6t nhidu tdc dung cia cdi bdp.

Trudc hdt, n6 ld loai thudc tr! giun tot Dtng ddp ngoii lim thuoc tdy utjvir ldm lidn seo c6c v6t thuong, mun nhgt, cdc vdt thuong dc tfnh, d6ng thdi

li loai thudc tri siu bg tdt (ong, ong vd v6, nhQn ) Cdn dr)ng ldm thudc diudau trong bQnh thdp khdp, thdng phong, lau thdn kinh h0ng (ldy c6c 16 c6ibdp rdi ding bin ld rii cho mdm, sau tl6 tl{p l6n c6c phdn bi dau) N6 lim

s4ch ilrrdng h0 hdp blng c6ch dr)ng tldp (tri viOm hong khin tidng), ho{c udngtrong (ho, vi6fh sdng phdi) Cai bdp cfrng li thu6'c chdng ho4i huy6t, tr! ly vi

cuirg cdp cho co thd mQt ydu td quan trong ld lrru hulnh (S) Nudc sdc c6i bdp