Bài viết nghiên cứu cuốn Nhật ký hành trình của tàu Grol được bảo quản và lưu trữ tại The Hague có cái nhìn đứng trên quan điểm vị lợi của một công ty nước ngoài đối mặt với chính quyền phong kiến quan liêu chuyên chế phương Đông với nhiều tệ nạn tham nhũng.
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NHUNC THl/dNC NHAN HA LAN DAU TIEN DEN OANC NCOAI VA KE CHO NAM 1657
NGUYEN THl/A HY*
(Dich vd gi&i thieu)
Ldi ddn: The ky XVI-XVII trong lich sir the gidi la ky nguyen thuang mai toan cau Trong h6
tho'ng mau dich chau A, nhung tuyen buon ban qudc te didn ra sdi dOng d bie'n Ddng va Thai Binh Duong, trong do hai mien Dai Viet da nam tren cung dudng trung chuyS'n
Trong toan canh do, nam 1637, thuong diem Hirado ciia Cong ty Dong An Ha Lan (VOC) d Nhat Ban da cir chie'e tau Grol do Trudng thuong vu K Hartsinek chi huy tdi Dang Ngoai sau khi ghe qua Hdi An, dem bac de'n mua la va xin dat quan he bu6n ban Chuy^'n di keo dai han 6 thang, trong do
thdi gian phai bd luu lai Kinh thanh Thing Long la %in 2 thang rudi
Nguyen ban \'\€t tay bang tieng Ha Lan c6 cudn Nhat ky hank tiinh ciia tau Grol duac bao quan
tai Luu tru thude dia The Hague Nam 1882, Geerts da cho dich cud'n nhat ky do sang tig^ng Phap vdi nhung chu giai ciia G.Maget, trong tieu luan "Journal de voyage du yacht hollandais Grol du Japon
au Tonkin" (1637), dang tai tren Tap chf Excursions et Reconnaissances" t VI.n"13 (Paris, 1882)
Nam 1883, I.M.Dixon cung dich sang tiS'ng Anh nhat ky do vdi bai tiS'u luan "Voyage of the Dutch Ship "Grol" from Hirado to Ton King", dang tai trong cudn 'Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan" XI (Yokohama, 1883) Tdi nam 1907, ban dich cudn nhat ky ra ti^ng Phdp duac dang lai
trong Tap chi Revue Indochinoise quydn 5, sd 55 va 56
Day la mfit tu lieu gO'c hiem quy cCia m6t ddi tac nudc ngoai phuang Tay each day 370 nam vifi't
\i quan he giao thuang Viet Nam - Ha Lan trong niia dau the' ky XVII N6 co th^ ddng lam ca sd
giup chung ta di sau nghien ciru, gai md hoae gop phSn lam sang to mdt sd va'n d^ ve lich sir, thuc
trang va chi'nh sach, thii tuc ciia nha nudc phong ki^n trong ngoai thuang, ngoai giao, nin kinh t^
hing hoa ciia Viet Nam the' ky XVll cung nhu m6t sd tdn nghi v^ dja ly - lich sir, ndi tinh chfnh tri, tinh hinh dan chiing d Dang Ngoai trong thdi do
Nhung ngudi viei cudn nhat ky c6 cai nhin va diing tren quan di^m vi lai ciia mdt cdng ty nudc
ngoai, ddi mat vdi m6t chfnh quyen phong kie'n quan lieu chuyen chS phuang Ddng vdi nhi^u tfi nan
tham nhung Ben canh mpt so danh gia nhan dinh co th^ la chii quan, cudn nhat ky da cung ca'p cho chiing ta nhieu thuc te' lich sir khach quan co y nghia, thOng qua nhiJng chi tiei sdng dOng T^t nhiSn
do khai thae triet de' gia trj tu lieu, chiing ta can phai nghien ciiu sau them, th^m djnh, khao chiing, do'i sanh nhiing thOng tin la dieu ma d day chung ta chua lam duac
Chung toi da cO' gang dich sat tinh than va noi dung ciia van ban, nhung khOng thi tranh khoi mOt sd kho khan Mot sd thuat ngir va tir c6 noi ve cac vat dung, hing hoa chuyen mOn duang thdi khong tim duac tir tieng Vict tuang duang Mot sd chii thich cung can ban cai lai, nhirng chiing tdi vin tOn trong nguyen van Rat mong nhan duac y kien dong gop
C h u y e n d u h a n h c i i a c h i e ' e t a u H a
L a n G r o l txi N h a t B a n t d i D a n g N g o a i
( 3 1 / 1 / 1 6 3 7 - 8/8/1637) (1)
Nhat ky tren tdu
31 thdng Gieng - N g a y 31-1-1637, con
t a u Y a c h t (2) Grol da rdi v u n g do Koutchi
(hai c a n g nho) g a n thfinh phd' H i r a d o (3)
t r e n h d n dao m a n g c u n g t e n gpi (d N h d t Ban) de di tdi xQ D a n g Ngodi T r e n tfiu ed trUdng thUdng vy K a r e l H a r t s i n e k , ngUdi chi h u y cupe vien h a n h , V i n c e n t R o m e y n , ngUdi H a L a n cU t r u d N a g a s a k i k h d n g Ifim viec cho Cdng ty Dong An Hfi L a n mfi s i n h
PGS TS Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Npi
Trang 2Rhflmg thirong nhan f\h Lan dau Hto 69
sdng bfing cong viec budn bfin rieng tU
Trong eong vi§c, ong cd quan hp vdi dng gifi
Menchioe Santwoort, ngUdi Hfi Lan dfi den
Nhfit Ban vdi William Adams ngdy
19-4-1600 (4) Tnidng thUOng diem Hfi Lan d
Hirado, ngfii Nicolas Koeekbaeker da xin
Vincent Romeyn di thap tung chuyen vien
hfinh nfiy vfi giup dd cdng ty vdi nhQng
kien thQc vfi kinh nghipm lau nfim eiia
minh D l ddi lai ngUdi ta dfi eho phdp dng
mua (d Nhfit Ban) nhQng hang hda tdng
tong gifi tri tdi 2.500 lang bae (14.250
francs) vfi chuyen ehd nhQng hang hda dd
mien cUde phf vfin tai tdi Dfing Ngofii
Karel Hartsinek (5) cd trach nhipm theo doi
dieu nhupng bp dUde thda thufin dd de
khdng bi ldi dung
Td'ng gia tri so hfing hda chuyen chd
tren chide tfiu Grol Ifi 366.588 florins
(khoang chQng 736.850 francs); chi cd
mpt phfin sd h a n g hda gia tri 188.166
florins (378.214 francs) dUpe chuyin tdi
Dfing Ngofii NhQng hfing hda chd den xQ
nfiy cd mpt vfii mfit hfing chfiu Au vfi
Nhfit Ban, cdn chu yeu Ifi chd ddng vfi
sfit, tfit ca tri gifi Ifi 171.000 florins
(343.710 francs)
Vien trUdng thUdng diem d Nhfit Ban dfi
trao eho Karel Hartsinek mpt bQc thU
chfnh thQc d l giii tdi nhfi vua tri vi xQ
Dfing Ngofii 6 n g ta cdn cd y dinh gvfi mpt
tfiu budn khac, chide Waterlooze Werve tQ
Nhfit Ban tdi Dfing Ngofii
- 13 thdng Hai • Ngfiy 13 thang Hai
(1637), sau mpt budi thdi tiet rfi't xfi'u Ifim
chung tdi bi mfit banh Ifii tfiu vfi 2 chiee
neo, vfio lue 7.30 chieu tdi, chung tdi da tdi
vinh Tayouwan (Dfii Loan - Formose) Lfip
tQc Karel dfi dupe dUa len bd, trong mpt
chide xudng do vien tdng trfi'n (Dfii Loan) Ifi
ong Van den Burg giii tdi (6)
- 25 thdng Hai: Ngfiy 25-2, chung tdi
tiep tue cupe hfinh trinh vdi y dinh trUde het se den thfim Quinam (7) De thiie hipn vipe nfiy, ngUdi ta da trang bi mpt thuyen mfinh ed ten Ifi Autekou, vdi mpt hoa tieu tren thuyen, 9 ngUdi Hfi Lan vfi 9 ngUdi Trung Qudc 6 Tayouwan, ngUdi ta dfi chfit them vfio khdi hfing hda ban dfiu mpt sd hfing tdng gia tri Id 2364 florins Chide tfiu Waterlooze Werve dfi bi mfit nhQng cay neo vfio ngfiy 18-10 nfim trUde, cho nen khdng
t h i diing dupe eho chuyen di nfiy O Dai Loan, de Ifim qufi cho nha vua xQ Dfing Ngofii, ngUdi ta da mang theo them hai ed sung (thin cdng), can nfing 1020 vfi 1030
livres (cfin Anh - 453,6 g) vfi nhQng dan
phao bfing sfit nfing 12 livres
TQ ngdy 18 thdng Giing den ngdy 25
thdng Giing, ngUdi ta dfi tiep nhfin d Dfii
Loan 17 thuyen mfinh tQ Trung Hoa ddn, chd 60 pieuls (ta = 60kg) td sdng, 1500 ta dudng, 200 ta Lankin (vai len Trung Qude) vfi mpt sd lupng ldn dd gdm sQ tinh vfi thd Vien thuyen trUdng Bencan ed y dinh giii nhQng hfing hda dd den Quinam vfi dng ta xin dupe khdng tra hdn 15% tien thud nhfip cang vfi xufi't cang NhUng ngUdi ta khdng chfi'p nhfin yeu cfiu ciia dng, bdi vi dng Putmans dd fin dinh thue nhdp cang vfi xufi't cang moi thQ Ifi 10% vfi dng Van der Burg khdng mudn thay ddi quyet dinh nfiy NgUdi ta tfnh tofin neu theo y dinh eua thuyen trUdng Bencan giii nhQng hfing hda
dd den Quinam thi se kiem ldi dUdc tQ 40-50% doi vdi mfit hfing Lankins, 140-50% ddi vdi nhQng dd gdm thd
Ngdy 3 thdng Hai, mpt thuyen mfinh
eiia Cdng ty dfi dUde cii tQ Dfii Loan di tdi nhQng dao Liukiu, ed vien thuyen phd Johan Jurriaansz di theo, vdi nhipm vy Ifi tim kiem nhQng md vfing mfi ngUdi ta ndi rfing ed d tren nhQng hdn dao nfiy, vfi sau
Trang 370 R g h i ^ curu L|ch siir sg 4.2009
dd Ifi tien hfinh thfim thfnh ve nhQng md
vfing dd 6 n g ta trd v l ngfiy 18 thang Hai
Theo bfio cao ciia dng ta, d Pibamba, trong
vung phu cfin eiia Liukiu da cd vfing, vfi
dng hofing d dd da ddng y het sQc giiip dd
chung ta trong cdng vipe khai thfie kim
loai Mpt ngudi Trung Qud'c da tQng d xQ dd
trong 14 nfim qua quyet rfing ed vfing d
Pibamba, vfi xin dUde dfin dUdng cho ehiing
tdi tdi dia dilm dd NgUdi nfiy da di den d
lai Dfii Loan trong 10 ngfiy d l cung cfi'p
them cac tin tQc 6 Dfii Loan ngUdi ta vQa
cdng bd nhQng sfic lenh mdi thiet lfip mpt
mQc thue 10% ddi vdi loai thit hUdu, da sdn
dUdng, hofing eon vfi nhQng loai gaeh Ifim d
Saceam
- Ngdy 5 thdng Ba Ngfiy 5 thfing Ba
chung tdi tien den gfin vinh Turon (hay
Touran) (8) MQdi sfiu ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha
mfi chung tdi dfin dp tQ Dfii Loan dupe
phdng thich vfi gtti len bd Ngfiy 26 thfing
Hai, mpt ngfiy sau khi chung tdi khdi hfinh
tQ Dfii Loan, chung tdi dfi bi mfi't lien lac
vdi chide thuyen mfinh vfi tQ dd eung khdng
thfi'y lai nd nQa Hai t h i y tu ngUdi Bd Dfio
Nha d tren tfiu ciia chung tdi thi v i n h\ giQ
lai NhQng hfing hda chd den Quinam (9)
dupe dd khdi tfiu vfi sau dd chung tdi tra lai
tu do eho hai t h i y tu Bd Dfio Nha Ngudi ta
dfi e l m giQ hp lai bdi vi mpt trong nhiing
vien chQe eua thUdng diem ehiing tdi d
Quinam da chay tron vfi ngUdi ta cho rfing
ngUdi dd da sang d ben nhQng ngUdi Bd
Dfio Nha Tuy nhien, nhQng ngQdi nfiy
khfing dinh rfing hp khdng chQa chfi'p vien
chQc kia, vfi ngUdi ta da tha hai t h i y tu Bd
Dfio Nha 6 Quinam, chung tdi mua mdt
chide thuyen mfinh khfic de thay the chiee
bi mfi't trong chuyen di
- 13 thdng Ba Ngfiy 13 thfing Ba (1637),
chung tdi rdi Quinam Chide thuyen mfinh
dupe tra lai vi nd d trong tinh trang khdng
tdt Ong Dueher chuyin cho dng Hartsinek ban ghi nhd sau dfiy ve xQ Dfing Ngofii:
"XQ Dfing Ngofii vfi xii Quinam (Dfing Trong) dang cd chien t r a n h (10) NhQng nha vua cua 2 xQ nfiy rfi't tQc gifin nhau Tuy nhien, nhQng thUdng nhfin eiia 2 xQ vfin dupe phdp tiep tuc budn bfin vdi nhau
Vi the, trong thdi gian lUu lai Dfing Ngofii, chung ta vfin cd cd hpi lien lac vdi thUdng nhan ciia chung ta d Quinam Trong thang
11 nfim 1636, gifi td rfi't ha d Dfing Ngofii, xudng den mQc ehi cdn 45 lang (bac) mpt
ta TQ khi cd 3 chide thuyen mfinh Bd Dfio Nha tdi, mpt chiee vfio cudi thfing 11, chide khfic vfio ngfiy 15 thfing Hai, gifi td lai len den 60 lang mpt ta Nhfi vua dfi chiem dung vdn tdi 40.000 lang bac do ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha dem lai vfi hQa se cung cfip cho hp bfing to vdi s d t i e n dd Trong sd" 40.000 lang ndi tren, cd 30 hdm t i l n bac midng Nhfit Ban, trong tieng Hfi Lan gpi Ifi Schuitjes hay Schuitgeld
NhQng nhfi vua Quinam vfi Dfing Ngofii
cd hp hfing vdi nhau NgUdi ta se lpi dung chuyen di thfim cua tfiu Grol tdi Dfing Ngofii de bf mfit tim hieu xem lipu nhfi vua
xQ Dfing Ngofii cd t h i hofic ed mudn giup chung ta ddi lai so t i l n 23.580 rdales da dupe cQu thofit tQ chide tfiu dfim Grootenbrock vfi dfi bj nhQng ngUdi Quinam chiem lfiy mpt cfich bfit hpp phap hay khdng Tuy nhien, cdng vipe nfiy se phai dfin xep mpt cfich hdt sQc te nhi vfi bf mfit vfi dQng ndi dieu dd cho ban thfin nhfi vua hofic ngay ca den eho mdt trong nhQng nhfi quy tpc d t r i l u dinh, vi tfit ca mpi dieu
gi xay ra d t r i l u dinh Dfing Ngofii cung sg dupe bf mfit bfio cao tdi t r i l u dinh Quinam,
vfi neu xQ nfiy mfi biet dUdc nhQng f do eiia
chung ta, thi t i t ca nhiing vien chQe ciia cdng ty Ifim vipe tai thUdng diem se phai dUdng d i u vdi nhQng noi nguy hilm ldn lao
Trang 4Fthumg thuong nhto Tth Lan d£u H^n 71
nhfit, lue dd cfii qudc gia tfin bao nfiy s§
khdng chfim tre tien hfinh mpt tfi'm tham
kich thuc sU
"Ky ngdy 12-3-1637"
• 18 thdng Ba • Ngfiy 18 thang Ba chung
tdi gfip phai thdi tiet xfiu vfi gid quay thdi
ngUpe chilu, chung tdi bd neo tai vung phu
cfin Turon Budi sfing, chung tdi nhin thfiy
eon tau (Hfi Lan) Rurop ra khdi vinh
Turon
- 23 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 23 thang Ba chung
tdi lai chuyen hUdng tfiu di Dfing Ngofii
- 26 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 26 thfing Ba ehiing
tdi d 17''2' vi Bfic Chiing toi di theo hUdng
Tfiy Bfic vfi Tfiy Tfiy Bfic Chung tdi nhin
thfi'y mpt hdn dao
- Ngdy 27 thdng Ba Lp trinh ciia chiing
tdi theo hudng Tfiy - Tay Bfic, d 17''49' vi
Bfic Chung tdi dfit ten cho hdn dao nfiy Ifi
dao Grol (11) Tfiu eiia chung tdi di giQa
dao nfiy vfi 2 mui dfi't Hdn dao nfiy khdng
thfi'y cd tren tfi'm ban dd eua thuyen tnidng
Hendrick Arendsz
- 29 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 29 thfing Ba chung
tdi trdng thfi'y dao Sahou (nhfit ky ghi
Sahoe), each 3 dfim v l phfa Nam Chung
tdi ludt nhanh d hUdng Nam Tfiy Nam ve
phfa dao Frakaki, dp sfiu 12 sai nUdc eho
cfich ben dao mpt dfim Ve phfa Ddng dao
nfiy, nUde giam bdt dfin dp sfiu O quang
giQa cfic hdn dao Sahou vfi Frakaki dp sfiu
eiia biln Ifi 12 sai nUde Budi chieu ehiing
tdi budng neo d bd biln phfa Tfiy dao
Frakaki (12), dp sfiu 5 sai nUde each dd mpt
dfim v l phfa Bfic - Ddng Bfic vfi Ddng Bfic,
ed mpt bfii dfi thfi'p vfi phfing vfi n h i l u mdn
da ngim V l phfa Tfiy cung cd n h i l u mdm
da n g i m cd le dupe tao nen bdi cfic bfii da
ho$c dai cfit dudi biln
Chung tdi quyet dinh cxi vien trd ly
Huibrecht Eems vfi ngUdi phien dich Striek len bd vdi mpt mdn qufi cd gia tri chQng tQ
8 den 10 lang bfing hfing hda Nhfit Ban NhQng ngUdi nfiy phai di tdi gfip vi quan dia phUdng, xin dng ta thdng bfio vdi nhfi vua xQ Dfing Ngofii ve vipe tfiu chung tdi den vfi keu clu Ngfii eho phep chung tdi len
bp efing sdm efing tdt, vdi nhQng hfing hda eiia chung tdi, nhQng mdn tfing phfim vfi Ifi thQ g^i len nhfi vua
- 30 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 30 thang Ba,
chung tdi cii vien trp ly vfi ngUdi phien dich len bd NhQng mdn tfing phfim Ifi:
-I- Bdn chide fi'm dun nQdc, mdi chide 1 lit -I- Bdn chide fim dun nUde, moi chide nvta lft
-t- Hai binh pha chd bfing kim loai
+ Hai thanh gUdm Nhfit Ban (eatabre)
NgUdi hoa tieu ed nhipm v\i thfim dd cQa sdng Giang (13) Anh ta thfi'y eho dd khdng sfiu hdn tQ 8^^ ddn 9 bp nUdc Anh ta dUpe dfin chung ddn tidp tQ te
- Ngdy 1 thdng TQ - Ngfiy 1 thang TU,
chung tdi nhfin dUde 1 bQc thU ciia mpt vi quan vfi nhQng mdn qufi tfing sau day: -I- 5000 ddng tiln (tieng Nhfit la Zdni)
•1- Mpt con ldn sdng Vien si quan chi huy nhQng chidn thuyen vfi 3 nhfi quy tpc Dfing Ngofii mang nhQng tfing phfim den cho chung tdi
La thQ viet: "Ong rfi't hfii long ve vi^c nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan tdi dfiy vfi dQc vua ed
le eung hfii long nhU vfiy Rfing ngUdi Hfi Lan se phai tra thue nhfip cang dfinh vfio hfing hda, thue neo dfiu tfiu, rfing hfing hda
se khdng bfit dfiu dUpe dd khdi tfiu trUde khi Ipnh cho phdp dUpe giii tdi, rfing tfi't ca
Trang 572 R g h i ^ ciJru Ljch siSr s6 4.2009
se hi tich t h u neu vi pham nhQng quy tfic
dd Rfing ngudi ta se khdng bfin sung dai
bae mfi ngUde lai ngUdi ta phai giQ yen lanh
hoan tofin"
Chung tdi nghi rfing tfi't ca nhiing menh
Ipnh dd dUa den eho chung tdi Ifi diia theo y
kien eiia mpt thfiy tu ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha
dang d ndi dd
Chung tdi da chuyen giao eho vien
thuyen trUdng (ngUdi Dfing Ngofii) chi huy
nhQng chien thuyen vfi 3 nhfi quy tpc mpt
so' tfing phfim sau day:
-I- nfim cfii jackan (fi'm dun nUde Nhfit)
ldn
+ bd'n cfii jackan nhd
-I- hai cai quitasalles (Ipng, du) ldn
-I- hai cai quitasalles nhd
+ bdn cfii cantaber (thanh gUdm) nhd
-I- sfiu cfii quat
Chung tdi dUde thdng bfio rfing d Dfing
Ngofii cd rfi't nhieu td lua, cd t h i chfi't dfiy
hdn ba con tfiu Chung tdi khfing dinh rfing
nhQng menh Ipnh dUde ban ra se dUpe
chung tdi chfip hanh vfi chung toi se khdng
Ifim bfit cQ dieu gi xfi'u hofic sai trai ddi vdi
dfin chung Den day chi vdi nhQng y dinh
tot nhfit vfi trong mpt muc dfch hofin tofin
hQu hao, chung tdi xin hdi tai sao ngUdi ta
ehUa cho vien trd ly vfi ngUdi phien dich
cua chung tdi trd ve tfiu NgUdi ta tra ldi
cho chung tdi Ifi "cac dng dd ngfiy mai se trd
lai cung vdi cac vi quan"
- 2 thdng TQ - Ngfiy hdm nay, 2 thfing
Tu, vien trp ly vfi ngUdi phien dich dfi trd
lai cung vdi vien t h u y i n trUdng ngUdi Dfing
Ngofii vfi hai vien thU ky Mpt trong sd
nhQng binh Ifnh cua chung tdi cd ten Ifi
Wolf vfi mpt ngUdi ban xQ vfin cdn h\ ngUdi
Dfing Ngofii lUu giQ Cfic dng Eems (trp ly) vfi Striek (phien dich) da dUde ddi xii tii t l NgUdi ta dfi thfim vfi'n hp v l Iy do ngUdi Hfi Lan den dfiy vfi ngUdi ta da hdi rfing hp den dfiy Ifi do cd y dinh tQ trUde hay budc phai den do gfip sU co hofic bi bao tfip Hp tra ldi rfing hp da tQ Nhfit Ban den vfi rfing tidng tfim v l an dQc cua nhfi vua xQ Dfing Ngofii vfi lenh efi'm tQ nay ngfin can ngUdi Nhfit (14) den budn ban d Dfing Ngofii dfi khien dng tnidng thUdng vu ngUdi Hfi Lan tai Nhfit Ban quyet dinh cii mpt con tfiu den
Dfing Ngofii di chQng td nhQng mdi quan
hp giao hao vfi budn ban vdi xQ nfiy Sau dd
hp da nfii m xin cfic vien quan dUde mau ehdng cho tfiu ngUde ddng sdng cung vdi hfing hda
Luc dfiu, nhQng qufi bieu eiia vien trd ly mang theo bi tQ chdi, vi gifi trj ciia nd qufi nhd mpn vfi khdng xQng vdi phfim trfit cua nhfin vfit dupe tfing NhUng sau dd dng quan nfiy cung nhfin lai vdi Iy do rfing ngUdi Hfi Lan Ifi ngUdi ngoai qudc, cd t h i mien thQ eho hp vi dilu da khdng td tQdng phong tuc eua xQ sd Thfim ehf cdn hdn thd nQa: dng ta yeu c l u chung tdi cho dng ta
mQdn 5 hdm bac di mua cho chung tdi td
vfi que Vien trd ly tra ldi rfing quyen han eua minh khdng dUde phdp dfip Qng mpt yeu c l u nhu vfiy Vien quan bdn yeu c l u ngUdi e l m d i u chuyen viin hfinh Ifi Hartsinek den nhfi dng ta de thUdng thao
vu vipe nfiy Hartsinek bfiy td rfing dng mudn eho con tfiu tien den g i n hdn, nhUng hinh nhu khdng t h i nfio di chuyin dUpe, vi
dp sfiu cua ddng sdng khdng qufi tQ 9 ddn
10 bd (khoang tQ 2,75m - 3,05m), trong khi
dp chim eua tau Ifi 13 bp nUdc Vien quan tra ldi Ifi ban thfin minh eung khdng biet ldi
di tdt nha't, nhUng dng se cii nhQng ngUdi thanh thao kinh nghipm v l v i n d l nfiy vfi
se chi bao cho dudng di tot nhfit" Vi vfiy
Trang 6Rhumg thuang nh&n T)h Lan ddu Hte 73
nhQng ngudi Hfi Lan khdng cdn thfiy c i n
phai dUa con tfiu den Schephay (15) vfi bd
neo ben hdn dao Hai tfic (Roovers eiland)
nhu ^ dinh luc trUde ciia hp
- 3 thdng TQ Ngfiy 3 thang Tu, chung
tdi quyet dinh rfing ngfii sdp Hartsinek cd
Vincent Romeyn di kdm se den thfim vi
quan mang theo mpt tfing phfim cd gifi tri
60 lang bae NgUdi ta se yeu c l u vien quan
thdng bfio cho nhfi vua Dfing Ngoai vipe
chung tdi den cang sdm cang tdt Ddng thdi
ngUdi ta mudii giao cho dng ta khoan 1.000
lang bfing tien bac vfi hfing hda d l mua hp
chung tdi nhQng san phfim Dfing Ngofii
Chiing tdi sd Ifim dng ta phfit y hoae phai
kdo dfii vo cd cupe thfim vieng cua chiing tdi
ndu chung tdi khdng chiu hien tfing nhU
vfiy Tren tfiu, vfin cd 20 hdm bae dupe giQ
bf mfit, gifiu kin trong chide xudng trUde
khi Hartsinek khdi hfinh Ddi vdi ehu nhfin
chile tfiu (ldn), ngUdi ta giao lai eho 2.000
lang bfing bae mieng (tien Schuitges), vdi
dilu kipn dng ta phai thdng bao kip thdi
eho Hartsinek trong trUdng hdp dng ta
khdng t h i dQng hdt sd bae dd trong vdng
mpt thfing di mua nhQng hfing hda Dfing
Ngofii
Sau dd, vfio buoi chilu, Hartsinek vfi
Vincent Romeyn eho tfiu khdi hfinh nhQng
khdng t h i ngUde ddng sdng tien xa hdn
dupe vi nude chay xidt Hp bfit bupc phai
dQng lai d lfing Giang, ndi hp qua dem
trong ehd d ciia ngudi phi^n dich Nhfit Ban
Guando, ngUdi nfiy xin tfin tinh giup dd hp
chQng nfio minh cdn ed t h i Theo y anh ta,
cho vien quan kia vfio lue nfiy mpt mdn qufi
tfing ldn nhQ vfiy thi thfit Ifi hofin tofin vd
fch, nhfi't Ifi khi ehUa biet chfic rfing li^u
tfiu ed the vfio dupe ddng sdng hay khdng
Va lai, ndu chung tdi bfit budc phai tim mpt
vung do khfic, thi chung toi se ehfing cdn
vi$c gi d l Ifim vdi dng ta, mfi sau dd, thi
chung tdi vfin bfit budc phai ed khdng ft nhQng mdn qufi tfing eho cfic quan cai ba tfiu (kapados) (16) khi hp den de giai quyet cdng vipe budn bfin D l tra ldi vipe vien quan yeu cfiu 5.000 lang, ngUdi ta ndi rfing thii trudng, ngfii Nicolas Koeckbacher trong Ifi thu gQi nhfi vua dfi dUa ra mpt danh muc chfnh xfic tfi't ca nhQng gi d tren eon tfiu
Nhfin dupe tra ldi nhU vfiy, vien quan thdi khong nfii dp nQa ve ehuypn mUpn tien Vien thdng ngdn ngUdi Nhfit mudn chQng td thipn y eiia minh ddi vdi ehiing tdi, da gdi mpt ldi nhfin tin cho ngUdi phien dich d Ourusra [d nhfi Ourusan?] clu xin ngUdi nfiy bfiy di tdi kinh thfinh Catchiou (17) [Ke Chd], de thdng bfio cho nhfi vua vi^c chung tdi den vfi de xin ngfii mpt la thu bao Ifinh
- 4 thdng Til TQ sang tinh md, chung toi
rdi khdi Giang de ngUdc ddng sdng ddn eho vien quan d, mpt dia diem cfich Giang chQng 8 dfim dia ly Vfio luc mpt gid dem khuya, chung tdi den dia diem dd, ndi ngUdi ta tiep nhan chung tdi vdi tidng chieng trdng fim i, dUdi finh sang cua vd sd ngpn dude Dpi quan Ifnh gom cd 200 ngUdi dQng thfinh hfing dpc bd sdng, elm sung hoa thUdng ed ludi le Sau khi dfit chan len
bp, chung tdi dUde dfin ve ndi d ciia vien quan Ong nfiy d trong mpt ngdi nhfi bfing tre uy nghi trang trpng, giQa nhQng chQc sfic vfi binh hnh ciia dng Chung tdi ngdi tren chide chieu vfi sau khi chung tdi thi l l chfio theo k i l u Hfi Lan, bfit dfiu trao ddi cupe dien tQ Qua ldi ngUdi phien dich, vien quan ndi vdi chung tdi rfing chung tdi Ifi nhQng ngUdi dUde hoan nghenh 6ng xin ldi vi eho d ciia dng ft dupe lich sii vfi mdi chung tdi xudng ngii dem dUdi dofin chiln thuyen
Trang 774 R g h i ^ cijru Lich sit s6 4.2009
Chiing tdi dap: "Qua nhQng ngudi ban
Nhat Ban cua chung tdi (18), chung tdi da
biet den an dQc vfi Idng td't cua mdt dQc vua
vui long cho phep mpi ngUdi ngoai qud'c ddn
xQ sd cua ngfii budn bfin, vfi hdn nQa, ngUdi
da che chd, bao hp hp Quan thdng linh chi
huy edng viec budn ban trong de qudc Nhfit
Ban, nhan danh dng hoang nUde Ha Lan vfi
Tdng cdng ty Ddng fi'n, vi the dfi quyet dinh
cif eon tfiu eua chung tdi den Dfing Ngofii
de dUa nhQng hdng hda cua chung tdi den
phue vu DQc Hofing thUdng (Dfing Ngofii)
Do vay chung tdi la nhQng ngudi dai dipn,
chQ khdng phai chi Ifi nhQng tU thUdng nhu
nhQng ngUdi Nhat Ban hofic nhQng ngUdi
Bd Dfio Nha Cae vUdng cdng va nhQng
ngai chu n h a n eiia chung tdi da ed n h i l u
thUdng diem dfit tai cae xQ sd An Dp, Nhdt
Ban, Trung Hoa, Cao Mien, Xiem La , ndi
nhQng ngUdi phuc vu eiia cac ngai da budn
ban va sinh song trong tinh hQu nghi vdi
nhQng nhd vua ciia tfit ca cac dat nQdc dd
Vi vay, ehiing tdi kfnh xin Quy dQc dng
(vien quan) vui long cii cho mpt ngUdi dai
dipn cdng sdm cang td't ve kinh dd kfnh tfiu
len hofing thupng ve vipe chung tdi den
Khi dupe phdp, dodn thuyen eua chung tdi
chd hfing hda vfi nhQng tfing phfim ciia
Cong ty dang len hofing thUdng luc dd cd
the ngUde ddng sdng Chung tdi eung thdng
bao vdi vien quan rfing ngai thdng linh eua
chung toi d Nhat Ban ra lenh cho chung tdi
la phai di cung vdi con tau vao ddng sdng,
nhUng vi tfiu thuyen cua chung tdi chim
khfi sfiu trong nUdc vfi ngay tQ khi mdi den
chung tdi da biet long sdng khdng du sfiu,
eho nen chung tdi bfit bupc phai d lai vung
do khdng td't, ben hdn dao Frakaki Chung
toi ndi them rfing tQ khi chung tdi khdi
hanh d Nhat Ban da gdp phai bao td lien
mien va bi mfit ba neo tau va nhieu day kdo
day ehfing, vi the khdng dUde chufin bi tdt
de chju diing nhQng cdn gid manh Cdng ty
ciia chiing tdi ed nguy ed bj tdn thfi^t Idn, vfi ehiing tdi se khdng phuc vu dUdc hofing thUdng mdt cfich chu dao chitog nfio chiing tdi chUa ed mdt eho neo dfiu thfeh h(?p, vi the chiing tdi cfiu ngQdi vui Idng chi gfip cho chung tdi mdt vung dfiu tfiu chfic chfin" Vien quan tra ldi: "Vipe chiing tdi den chfic chfin se Ifim hofing thUdng hfii Idng Vfi dng dfi cii ngUdi khfin bfio den hofing thupng de NgUdi biet dUdc vipe chung tdi
den Ngfiy mai dng ta se lai cii mpt dai bilu
thQ hai bfio tin rfing chung tdi se dpi cfic quan cai ba tfiu vfi cfic t h u y i n chdo trong 6,
7 ngfiy tdi Ong ta dfin Ifi hay cho tfiu vfio trong sdng vfi dng ta bao dam rfing miic nude sdng dii sau Chung tdi phan bac lai rfing nhQng eupe thfim dd dfi chQng minh eho chung tdi d i l u ngUde lai, vfi rfing, mfic
du chung tdi khdng hfii long nhUng chung tdi khdng t h i den dupe" Hdn nQa, d l thuyet phuc dng ta them, chung tdi yeu cfiu
ed mpt hoa tieu ngudi Dfing Ngofii de eung vdi hoa tieu cua chfnh chung tdi thfim sfit lai long sdng
Vien quan dap: "Chung tdi cd t h i tim mpt vung do tfiu khfic ben dao DQc vua (Konings eiland) (19), trong trUdng hpp ndu qua thiic Ifi chung thfiy Idng sdng qufi ndng ddi vdi con tfiu cua chung tdi" Cudi cung dng dfii tide chung tdi theo phong tuc Dfing Ngofii vfi sau bQa fin chieu, dng mdi t r I u (pinang) chung tdi Ong mdi chung tdi nghi lai nhfi cua dng chi mpt dem hdm fiy, chung tdi dfi kfnh cfin nhfin ldi Cng ta chfio tQ bipt chiing tdi mdt cfich rfi't kha fii vfi quay lai eho nhQng t h u y i n chdo d l lfi'y nhQng vfit dupe tfing mfi dng da d l d dfiy, cd m^t vien si quan vfi mpt vj qu^ quan canh giQ NhQng tfing phfim bao gdm:
- 3,5 aune [1 aune = 1,188m] da dd
- hai tfi'm Sarasse (vai hoa mfiu xQ Coromandel - An Dp)
Trang 8RhOmg thuong nhdn T}d Lan d£u tito 75
- hai t i m Salemporis (vai vung Calcutta
-An Dp)
- hai cai gUdng soi
Sau dd ft Ifiu, mdt vfii vien si quan trd
lai eho chung tdi vfi thQa Ipnh dng quan,
ndi vdi chiing tdi rfing mdn qufi tfing Ifi ft di
vfi vi quan mudn tra lai nd vfio sfing ngfiy
mai Chung tdi ndi rfing xin quan vui Idng
nhfin cho nhU mdt d i u hipu kfnh trpng v l
p h i n t h u y i n trUdng eua con tfiu chiing tdi,
chQ khdng phai la ve phfa edng ty Chiing
tdi them rfing sau dfiy chung toi mudn
dupc bieu dng ta mdt mdn qufi tfing nhfin
danh cdng ty, khi nhQng quan cai tfiu
(kapados) den vfi con tfiu dUpc bao dam an
ninh Chung tdi c l u mong dUpe dng ta bao
hp d l nhQng ngUdi eiia chung tdi khdng
phai chiu tdn thfi't khi hp gvti hfing hda
ngUpe len thUdng ngudn cua ddng sdng
Lue dd dng ta td ra hfii Idng vfi khong ndi
ehuypn v l nhQng mdn qufi tfing ciia chung
tdi nQa
- 5 thdng TQ Cac dng Hartsinek vfi
Vincent Romeyn dap xud'ng cfic thuyen
ehdo theo yeu c l u ciia vien quan Hp hQa se
ed nhQng mdn qufi tfing quan trpng hdn
ngay khi eon tfiu di vfio trong sdng Vien
quan hdi chung tdi rfing lipu cd tinh ed
mang theo ma nfio, san hd dd hofic vfing
rdng hay khdng Chung tdi tra ldi Ifi cd, vfi
hdi dng ta rfing ngUdi ta cd t h i bfin nhQng
mdn hfing dd d Dfing Ngofii vdi gifi bao
nhieu Ong ta tra ldi rfing chi cd nhfi vua vfi
nhQng nhfi quyen quy d trong nUde mdi
mua nhQng mdn dd dd Ong ta ndi ngUdi ta
ddn rfing tren mfit b i l n chung tdi xua dudi
ngudi Bd Dfio Nha vfi ngUdi Trung Qudc
Chiing tdi tra ldi rfing nhQng ngQdi Bd Dfio
Nha (20) Ifi ke dich ciia chiing tdi vfi da
khdng tQ mpt cd hdi nfio d l vu khdng chung
tdi ddi vdi cae qudc gia khfic, ludn luon bdi
nhp xuyen tac chung tdi Cdn thiic ra Ifi tnidc kia chung tdi cd chien tranh vdi nhQng ngUdi Trung Qude, sau nhilu hfinh ddng phan bdi khfic nhau mfi trong dd chung tdi Ifi nhQng nan nhfin, nhUng hipn nay cupe chien dd da chfim dQt vfi chung tdi khdng cdn Ifim dilu gi tdn hai den nhQng ngudi Trung Qudc Nhin chung, ngUdi Hfi Lan chi mudn yen dn Ifim fin budn bfin, sdng thufin hda vdi cfic nUde ben ngofii, vfi trong mpi trUdng hdp hp phai dung den vu khf thi sU gay chidn khdng phai Ifi den tQ phfa hp Chung tdi ddi xii vdi nhau nhU ban
bd vfi trd v l lfing Giang, ndi chung tdi den vfio luc 6 gid chilu Ddng nUde dfi ngfin can ehiing tdi xudng xa hdn, vfi chung tdi dem
dd bupc phai nghi lai d nhfi ngUdi phien dich (Nhfit Ban) Guando
- 6 thdng Til Cfic dng Hartsinek vfi
Vincent Romeyn trd v l tfiu Grol Chiing tdi nhfin dupe mpt ldi phue dfip cd lpi ciia vien quan Chung tdi dUde biet rfing nhQng ngudi Bd Dfio Nha nfim nay da den Dfing Ngofii vdi 2 thuyen mfinh vfi mpt tfiu budn hipu Hfi Lan (galiote) Mpt thuyin mfinh ldn ehd cfic gifio si - paters jonk - dfi sfin sfing ehd thufin gid gifing budm di Ma Cao
Lp trinh thdng thudng ciia nhQng ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha Ifi di giQa bd biln Trung Hoa vfi dao Hai Nam (Ainam), tQ dd hp tdi cae dao Tontio rdi lai tQ dd di Ma Cao
- 7 thdng TQ Chung tdi mang dfi len tfiu
d l giQ eho tfiu thfing bfing
- 8 thdng TQ Vien thuyin tnidng ngQdi
Dfing Ngofii vfi 3 ngQdi Dfing Ngofii khfic den tfiu de giup chung tdi trong hfinh trinh
di tdi nhQng dao DQc Vua (Konings Eilanden)
- 9 thdng TQ Chung tdi giong budm, budng neo rdi lai nhd neo Vl thdi tiet xiu
Trang 976 Rghien curu Lich si!ir sg 4.2009
chung tdi budc trd v l eho tha neo ben dao
Frakaki
- 10 thdng TQ Chung tdi khdng Ifim gi
ca
- 11 thdng TQ Chung tdi len dudng vfi
cfim neo d bd b i l n phfa Tay Nam hdn dao
Sahou, sfiu 10 sai nUde,
•12-14 thdng TQ Ngdy 12 thdng TQ
chung tdi giong budm vfi den ngfiy 14 thi
tdi vung do d bd bien phfa Tfiy cua hdn dao
ldn gpi Ifi dao Hai tfic (Roovers Eiland)
Chung tdi qua ngUdi phien dich Nhfit Ban
dupe biet rfing nhQng dai bieu cua nhfi vua
da tdi, nhQng vi khdng thfi'y ngUdi Hfi Lan
nen hp dfi di tdi lfing Giang d l chi huy
nhQng thuyen e i n thiet eho viec bdc dd
hfing hda Anh ta eho rfing nhQng vien chQc
dd ed le se trd lai trong hay hay ba ngfiy tdi
Chung tdi tfing cho ehua dao Hai tfic:
1 Hai cfii Jackan ldn (fi'm dun nUdc
Nhat Ban)
2 Bdn cai Jackan nhd
3 Mpt binh pha chd kim loai
4 Sau cfii quat
- 15 thdng TQ Chung tdi ehfing cd vipe
gi Ifim
- 17 thdng TQ Chung tdi gifi'u cfi't di 18
hdm bae de khdi bi tim thfi'y khi khfim xdt
tfiu
- Dofin dai bieu da den vdi khoang 16, 17
chide thuyen chdo, cd nhipm vu chuyen chd
theo nhQng hfing hda tdi kinh thfinh Ke
Chd Hp tha neo d g i n con tfiu vfi mang
theo tren thuyen mpt ngUdi Nhfit Ban
thdng thao tieng Dfing Ngofii vfi tieng Bd
Dfio Nha (21)
Cfic dng Hartsinek vfi Vincent Romesm
xud'ng cfic t h u y i n cung vdi hai vien thdng
ngdn Guando vfi Striek Ho dUdc tidp dai fin
c i n vfi biet rfing vi$e chiing tdi ddn da Ifim nhfi vua rfi't hfii long, vfi ngUdi ta dfi ehd dpi nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan tQ nfim ngoai, vi ngudi Bd Dfio Nha dfi loan bao v l dU dinh eua chung tdi Hp ludn nhfie lai nhQng ldi
vu khdng quen thupc, xiii bfiy nhfi vua ehdng lai chung tdi Thfim chf hp cdn canh bao rfing cd t h i chung tdi cd y dinh am hai nhfi vua, rfing chiing tdi se den yet kiln ngfii cd mang gUdm gifio vfi siing diig, rfing chiing tdi di tQ Quinam den dfiy Tuy nhien tfi't ea nhQng ldi ndi nham nhf dd dfi khdng tac dpng dUdc tdi nhfi vua nhU hp mong muon
- 18 thdng TQ Dofin dai b i l u ciia nhfi
vua ra mfit d mot ndi tren bd g i n cho tfiu chung tdi dfiu Hp yeu c l u vien thuyin trudng cua chiing tdi hfiy ddn nghe tuyen dpc Ifi t h u cua nhfi vua Cfic dng Hartsinek vfi Vincent Romeyn bdn rdi tfiu ddn dia diem tren dfit liln, ndi ngUdi ta se dpc vfi giai thfeh Ifi thU La thU dUdc h i l u ^ nhU sau:
Thu eiia nhfi vua Dfing Ngofii Nhfi vua lfi'y Ifim hfii Idng v l vi^c nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan den NhQng dai bilu da dUpe cii d l dfin nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan vfi hfing hda v l tdi trieu dinh L i n nfiy, ngUdi ta khdng khfim xdt con tfiu nhU thudng 1$, nhUng nhfi vua mudii rfing hp phai trao cho mpt ban danh muc chfnh xfic v l t i t ca mpi vfit phfim chQa tren tfiu, khdng dU«?c gilu gidm b i t cQ thQ gi
Sau dd cfic dai bieu dfi len tfiu, kdm theo mpt so ddng binh si, dieu mfi ehiing tdi cho Ifi do nhQng thdng tin ddi trfi ciia ngUdi Bo Dfio Nha Trong cudc ndi chuydn, chiing tdi
da phfit hi§n ra nguyen cd ciia si^ nghi ky canh gific ciia hp, vfi de ti^ bao v§, chiing tdi dfi dUa ra ldi giai thfeh thudng tinh Chiing
Trang 10RhCmg thuong nhto "^h Lan dau ti^n 77
tdi dfi k l tdi Nhfit Ban, ndi mfi chung tdi da
ed nhQng mdi quan h$ tdt dep nhfit vdi
chinh quyin (22), mfi ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha thi
khdng Ifim dUde nhU vfiy, hp dfi bi khoanh
vfio mpt hdn dao r i t nhd Chung tdi ndi v l
viec budn bfin sau nfiy vdi Dfing Ngofii, vdi
nhQng chide tfiu ldn Chung tdi tQ biet
nhau nhu ban bd NhUng hfing hda dUde
bdc dd khdi con tfiu
- 1 9 thdng TQ Vfio lue 9 gid sfing, chung
tdi giong budm vdi 10 chide t h u y i n chfit
diy hang hda ciia Cdng ty vfi cua cfic dai
bilu Tdi liic mfit trdi Ifin, chung tdi tdi
sdng Coua lacq (23) Ifi ndi chung tdi dang
dinh den
- 20 thdng TQ Tam chide thuyen da tdi
lfing Jansy Cac bdn bfii chung quanh trdng
cfi'y tdt tUdi, phong canh ngoan mue
- 21 thdng TQ LUC mpt gid ehilu, chung
tdi g^p chide thuyen mfinh ehd eac cha ed
(paters jonk) eua ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha vfi mpt
thuyin mfinh hipu Hfi Lan (galiote), cd mpt
thuyin chidn dung mai ehdo cua nhfi vua di
kdm Chung tdi dUde biet rfing chide thuyen
dd chd 620 ta td sd'ng Chide thuyin mfinh dfi den tQ thfing 11, cdn chide thuyin budm galiote den vfio thang 12 nfim ngofii Chung tdi tide rfing con tfiu Waterlooge Werve cua chung tdi khdng t h i tdi dUde vi theo hoach dinh, hfin con tfiu cdn dang vUpt trung dUdng
- 22 thdng TQ Vfio budi chieu, chiing tdi
den Ke Chd, va hQa hpn vdi vien quan vfi vien cai ba tfiu nhiing dieu tdt dpp, neu nhU
hp bao dam cho chiing tdi dUde budn ban thufin ldi trong xQ Hp xin chung tdi nhQdng
cho hp 2 hdm bac di trao ddi bfing vipe hp se
cung cfi'p td eho chung tdi, ndi rfing dd Ifi tyc
lp eiia nhQng thUdng nhfin Nhfit Ban ciing nhu thUdng nhan cfic nUde khfic Mfic du chung tdi ehfing lfi'y g^ Ifim thich thu ifim khi nhUdng eho hp sd bac, tuy nhien ngUdi ta da quydt dinh Ifim dieu dd, sau nhieu cupe thUdng thao Theo y kien cua ngUdi phien dich, chung tdi se dUa cho hp 2 hdm bac, vdi dilu kipn Ifi phai cung cfi'p cho chung tdi mpt trpng lupng td loai mpt gfi'p 17 Ifin hdn trpng lupng bac (17 fackaer) (24)
(Cdn nQa)
CHU THtCH
Cfim dn TS Hoing Anh Tuft'n, TrUcIng
DHKHXH&NV da giji y giiip trong vi^c djch mOt
sff tit chuyen m6n
(1) Djch theo ban djch tifi'ng Phfip cua Geerta:
Voyage du yacht hollandais "Grol" du Japon au
Tonkin (31 Janvier 1637, 8 Aout 1637) dfing trong
Revue Indochinoise, t.V.n° 55&56 (1907) Tvit chu
thich (2) trd di Ifi chu thfeh cua Geerts, trii nhOng
chS ghi them [ ] Ifi ciia ngUcli dich
(2) Trong ti§'ng Hfi Lan c6' tis "yacht" chi mpt
tfiu biln, ngfiy nay txi nay c6 nghia Ifi mpt "du
thuydn"
(3) ThUdng diS'm dfiu tien cua ngUdi Hfi Lan t?! Nh4t Ban dfi do Jacques Spex lfip ra nfim
1609 cl mui Dong Bfic hdn dao Hirado [c6n gpi Ifi
Firado], n^m d 33°22' vi Bfic vfi 129°35' kinh Dong Nfim 1641 (ngfiy 21-5), thUdng Ax6m nfiy
dU(?c ddi chuyen de'n Nagasaki, tren hon dao nho Deshima
(4) Santwoort da cl Nhfit Ban 37 nfim, cho d^n khi con tfiu Grol rdi di Dfing Ngofii
(5) Karel Hartsinek da thfinh lfip d Dfing Ngofii nfim 1638 thUdng diem Pho Hi^n (Hung Yen), c6 thcli ky ndi nfiy da cfi tdi 3000 nfic nhfi, do