Bài viết tập trung tìm hiểu và phân tích những đặc điểm ngôn ngữ trong cách đầu đề trên Nhân dân nhật báo, bao gồm các đặc điểm về từ vựng, ngữ pháp và một số thủ pháp tu từ thường xuất hiện.
Trang 1NG6N NGC & Ddi S6NG
NGOAI NGC VOl BAN NGO]
D^C DIEM NGON N G C CUA DAU DE BAI VIET
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LANGUAGE
IN CHINESE RENMINRIBAO'S HEADLINE
D 6 THJ THANH H U Y A N
(TS; D$i hpc Ngo^i ngfi', DHQG Hd Nfi) Abstract; This paper uses research methods of quantitative analysis and the method of described corpus, analyzing the characteristics of the language fa Renminribao articles, mcludmg lexical, grammartical and rhetorical features, in order to fmd out the common characteristics of language used in this famous newspaper
' Key words: headlines; Renminribao; language features
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2 D$c diim si^ dyng t i ngft
11 Cdch sd: dfing danh tir
Chung tdi chia cdc daiih t i f&ipc khdo sdt didnh
4 lo^: danh t i chi ngudi vd sy vft (Chi ^ch ^^-M,
chinh phi ftflf, tpa (Bm S ^ ^ , flidnh phi SEtt .X danh tir dil (^ dian (Hidi Lan # B , Bdc Khih
ibm~), danh t i chi flidi gian (hai tiiin MM, hdm
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toan bf tdc phim bdo chi, nhung nd 14 nhan ti diu
tifti tiqi cfn vdi dfc gid, cd vai 6d "giiji dfc gid lya
'chpn" dpc hay khdng dpc Cd thi ndi khdng ngoa
ling vifc <^ ^ de cd vj tri vd cing quan trpng, cd
tinh "qi^ dmh sopihgn cia bdi Mo"[l] Bdi vdy
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: ndng tiiu hit sy chi y cia dfc gid
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Unesco cdng nhfn 14 mft trong mudi td bdo quan
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Niquan ngdn ludn cua Ban chap hdnh Tnmg uong
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Unhung flidng tin tiyctiqivl cac chlnh sdch vd quan Ll do Aipc ching tdi dua ra Id: ttong flidi d^
/idiem cia Dang Cfng sdn Tnmg Quic [7] ngdy nay, nhu ciu cua hiu hit dfc gid 14 ndm \&
Trang 2thdng tin mft cdch nhanh d x ^ vd hifu qud Hp
quan tam tdi dip dn cia edu hdi; "Ai 1dm giT vd
"Cai ^ nhu till ndo?' Cau tid Idi ndy dd hdm chia
nfi dung tiidng tm chmh cia bdi bdo Cdc ylu t i
khdc nhu flidi gian, t:^ dion, hiy khdng xult hifn
tiong & i dl nhung khdng h i dnh hudng tdi chit
lupng flidng tin ^ipc truyin tdi tdi dfc gid Vi dy:
(1) ^j&'f^si.m^m&m^g: (12^/2014):
l i p Q n Binh+hpi kila+Ting fliingNga Pittin
(2) #143>)S¥»^:itli|!-«ca(l/9fl014):
Qudn dfi Iraq+gianh lai+mft Ihanh phi phia bdc
(3) ±m&w^n^mymM^^ o^muy
Ti dlic CUnh Hi H i ^ thuong Tnmg Quic + t i diiic
+tpadani
(4) S I ® , S t ^ a a a ^ f l l l ^ J S (11/9/2014):
Mia, thay doi+so [di^ trd em n^)6o
Cdc vi dy iron diu tid Idi cho edu hdi "Ai 1dm
^ ? " (vidy 1-3) hode "Cdi ^ nhu till ndote s a o r
(vi du 4) Diu dl tuy khdng cd sy xuit hifn cia cdc
danh t i dii didi gian hodc dia diim, nhung vin thi
h i ^ id id.^ d ^ d i nfi dung chinh cia bai tia
Mft dian dang chi ^ nOa Id, vdi nhttng ldnh d9o
nhd nude nil tiliig (nhit 14 ldnh d ^ Tnmg QuicX
cdch ddng tiyc ti^ t&i ngudi khdng kem theo chic
danh, chic vy Id rat phi b i ^ (vi dy 1) ( ) % , fliay
vl dung cym danh t^ vdi d ^ d i tgn vd chic vy
"Chi tich Tiung Quic Tip C ^ Binh", danh tir chi
t&i r i ^ ' T i p Cfn 6hih" dupe ding tiyc tiq) tai vj
tri d i i ngtt Tuong ty nhu vdy trong cdc vi dy sau:
(5) ^^sn^HkM&mmm-^i^
(2S/2014): Ly Khic Cudng + hfi ddm vdi + Thu
tudng Riimani Ponla
(6) ^Mm-^w.^mn-^mmmn^
(11/9/2014): Tmong Cao Lf + tiip + Thing die
bang Texas My
Trong cde vi dy tifti, cac cym danh tii " I h i
tiling Trung Quic Lj Khdc Cudng^' v4 "Phd flii
tiidng Trung Quic Truong Cao Lf" dupe ding
tryc ti^ d d ^ g hp ten bong tilng Tnmg Quic
ZZ Cdch sir d{u^ dgng tir
Dfng tit ttong ti&ig Tnmg Quic fliudng dupe
chia flidnh 6 loji chinh: 1/dfng tii chi hojit dfng
(tiep -kH, fllam dy ttilS, khdng kich S ^ , budc
J5H1, nhan manh fSia ); 2/dfng tii tam II flnh
cdm (ydu g , lo idng fi'lj, quan ngji g t t , hi
vpng 4&M ); 3/dfng til chi sy xuit hifn h ( ^
b i 6 i n i i t ( c d # , d f f i , diet ?Et:.„);*dfng tft q j |
hf (Id ft._); 5/dfng tir ndng nguyfn (cin S ^ ^ phdi iBSS, cd flll oltb, ); 6/dfng l i dii xu hu«n (vdo ift, ra Hi, Bn ± , xuing T ) [ 3, tt 13] Ito fliing kf cia chung tdi, trong ting s i 60S d ^ tu/eym dfng tii dupe khdo sdt, tin suit s i dinf ^ cdc dfng ti/eym ^ n g t i neu tioi lin lupt§
540/605; 2/605; 23/605; 13/605; 15/605 vd IWi
Nhu v|ty, d^ng dfng tii Aipc s i dyng nhieu liDiid
lddfngtiCchiho^dfng,ehi^tdi89%.Vid|i:
(7) *Jsiii^ja*E»i<'^%««ffl (i2«(2af:
(Luu Vdn Son + ti^-I-dodn d^i bieu Bdng Cfng lii Cuba)
(8) &mmn&mpik^m^im.m (smn
M^bmf quan sy Phdp + khdng kich + tichdcMii nu(^ Hoi gido eye doan Iraq
(?) ^ 3 : ^ " A m " i 5 f f l ^ « - # (69/2014>
Ukraina gia nh$p EU + budc + budc quan tr^iig /Ukralna gia hh§p EU flii hifn budc ti^ quan I^Hi^
Van vft ttong till gkli quanh la ludn d tnng m flie vdn dfng v4 phdt trial, vd mft trong nhihig dl&
ndng nhifm vy quan trpng hdng diu cda tin tit IrSn bdo clil Id phdn dnh mft cdch khdch quan vi chdn fliyc xu flll iy Diu d l bdi bdo hon bao git hit cin flll hifn mft cdch sing dpng v4 cMi thyc sy vfn dfng cia cdc sy vft hifn tuvii tixmg thi gidi quanh ta, md phuong thic lii{«
qud nhit dmih 14 s i dyng nhftng dfng tii c U l ^ dfngcythl ^
Z3.Cddi sit dyt« tinh tir
Tinh t i tiong tiaig Tnmg Quic fliudng itigc chia 14m 3 lo^ chinh nhu sau: 1/tihh tii chi tUi chit (dung edm S ® , rfng Idn r S , tit ft xS ii;, ); 2/tinh t i chi trjng tiidi (tidng muitSS, ehim chdm ttfi ); 3/tfah tir chi s i hipng bit djnh (nhiiu ^ , it ^ , tit c4 :^, * F ^ lit nhien, ) [3, tt 15] Theo fliing ka cia ching tdi, tin ail
s i dyng cia cdc tinh t i tifn tiong diu di iVM
Ddn Nhgt bdo lin lupt flieo ti If sau: 39/6!,
chiim 60%; 17/65, chiim 26% v4 9/65, chiii 14% Trong s i cdc tinh tft dupe ding flfl tinhtJ chi tinh chit chiim da s i Vidy:
(10) i.-km.mnmns:rm (ywmn
Tuong lai cua T i chic hpp tdc phdt friln Thugni Hdi + rfng Idn/Tuong lai rfng md cda Ti dil
Trang 3Sl4(246)-2016 39
(11) um^minu^-^\t-^'EM
(17/9^14): Kinh di6c ba con cuOc s ^ mdi n g ^
thera+tit
(12) SifRStiP*: RHW^^ (25/9/2014)-Xdn
:^6 mdi, tdc [dnng d i ^ + d m S n
I Cac tinh tCr dugc diing trong cdc vi du tt€n nhu:
< i ^ Idn r ^ , tit ^ , diuan IE, dki la nhOng tinh
tir chi t ^ chat cua si^ v§t h i ^ tugng
> Chuc nSng quan tr^ig cda bdo dif la jihin s ^
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! v ^ hi$n tucmg, nl^im dran lai cho d$c gid cdi n l ^
idiSn tfivic, ro n& vd song dgng vl Ihi p6\ ben
n@3ai V<!n vai tr6 Id nhOng ti!r i ^ chi thu$c t&ih cua
)s^ v|it, h i ^ t u g i ^ tinh tur dii tinh d i ^ hodn to^ c6
iidil dkn nhi€m tot vai tid n ^ Tren bdo chi ft khi ta
diay nhung each d i ^ ^ ni5m rd, ddi dnig, ft ttinig
jlljn Bdi v^y, nhiing t&ih tu chi trang thm, mang ^m
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•1^1^ vi su: d i ^ cua nhimg tinh tir b i ^ thj s6 u6c
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qkhraig ididng
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t 3.1 B^ diim kit edu
II Clu trOc d b de bdi bao ft H h^n da^ n8n tuong
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vi^ ti&i Nhdn Ddn Nhgt bdo cho thiy, ciu triic
d^ng c§u dcm ( c ^ gpi Id cau tnk chd vO d i i ^ ti 1^
^ cao, chiim 81% (300 trgn tong s6 372 diu dl);
jciu triic danh d ^ i ^ d i i l m 17% (danh ng& 19,
/jdpng ngQ 46), cau tr6c dudi d^ng cSu p h ^ vd cym
tCr c6 <finh dii chian 2% (edu phiic 6, ti^ c6 < ^ 1)
V6i nhihig tin qu6ctl, cau true did ^^F*»^ win 6
W cao hon dgt 162/188 dau dl, chian 86 % Vf
"dy:
li (13) ^^W{-m^M%^nM (24/9/2014):
i'Chfah i^id Ba Lan nhifm ki m6i || tuym thf nh|m
Echuc
I (14) ^^mn^mmt^m^^^^n^ (
fe7/9/2014: Lien hgp qu6c II keu gpi cong dong quoc t^
dumg t ^ chong lai djdi b ^ Ebola
If Ben canh d6, chiing toi nh§n thiy c&i vj ngit
ii^ng tir diipc di^g phS bien hon cau vj ngS t&ih tiJr
ilChiing t6i dio idng, v] ngtt d^ng tit thudng gidu
cdm gidc chdn divic, s6ng d ^ ngu6i divic v ^ ftv>c> Trong khi d6, cau >i ngO" tfrih tur ^ucoig diing
de mini td tr^i^ 1h^, tbih diit cua sy v$t hifn tupng, cung drnih bdi d ^ t&ih d6, edu vj ngQ tfnh tiJr thudng tiiu tupng, de dran Ifd cdm gjdc Ididng cy
XZSitdi^dducSu
N^)di dfing thdc ' ^ i * va "cdm tiidn", thi hiu hit cdc ( m d l bao dii diu Minig sur ( ^ ^ diu diim cuoi cau: Hon nfia, "dau hdi" ^ vd diu diim flian (!) cung dirge (&ig hit S(3K: h ^ dil, trong p^i^m \ i dviingtdi khdo sdtdil c6 hai vf dy dudi ^ y :
(i5)3ia^h5! "jj^Bm^^-^n^ifi
(4/9/2014): Ngo^i giao kilu N ^ 'liinh d^o tilr ^
sau" sg trd n ^ ph6 birai?
(16) Pifi^'^, ^ ! (9/9Q014): Ngudi ftay
nii^c|u£,D^!
Dmi hdi d£tng d culi cau b i ^ thj ^ n ^ van
Trong ^a dl bdo chf, vdi cddi sur dyng n ^ tiJr
n g ^ gpn, xdc tidi, b ^ c^nh tdc dyng bioi thj s^ nghi, diu hdi cdn dupe ditoig dl nhan m ^ nhdm fliu hut dOc gid Tdc ^ ^ ldi&) 16o dua ra m$t \ 4 i
de cdn ^ n g hodi nghi, 6ang tranh c ^ din dit d$c
0k vdo m$t vin dl cin [didi siiy ngmn lya dipn \k
tim cau tid Idi cho chfnh minh
MOt s6 diu cSu khdc tiiudng g|p trong ( ^ dl
bdi bdo bao g ^ : diu n g t ^ iatp, diu jdi^, diu
Dau ngo$c k ^ 6ipc siJr dyng r ^ iSi tnmg £ ^
dl bdi vilt tr&i JVfe&i IMn M ^ MD S nhin m^nh,
n h ^ Idm n ^ b$t did thi bo$c d6i tupng ch&ih trong ^ d l , v f d y :
(17) "ffifi&"i»#iJ:ffi)l£^^W=^ (\J9/2Ql4y
Tmh tiian "Hai Ididng sp" + lam cho T ^ Tgng diJtng vOn^boi sinh I t / T^ng
(18) ^-kmrn^nftm^-^mzm^^^"
(3/9/2014): Liai hpp quoc de xudng vifc xdy dvmg
"Vdnh dai kinh tl Con didi^ to Ivia" xanh
(19) Mm.^^mm^^m^^n^"p^^
W (8/9/2014): IMn minh cdc quoc ^ A-r^ k»i ^ i
ddng cac bifn [ ^ diinh tri quSn sy d i ^ 1^1 'To diiJrc nhd nude H6i gido"
Dau i ^ y trong Su dl tiiudng dupe dung de
[jiSn tadi cdc thdnh jdian cd driic ndng tuong
Trang 440
diu phiy ddi liic dupe ding di dlia cdch giOa chi
tigI}vdvingi.Vidy:
(20) mmt B^iRXwmtts (9/9/2014):
I^iola, khong chia cit nii tinh flian
Cung cd ddi Wii vai tid cia diu iJiiy dupe fliay
t^ng diu cdch, vi dy:
(21) t g i a B i S a W T (1/9/2014): Khdc ghi
Ijch s i Tidn trpng hda l^nh
Dau gach ngang ddi C ) dupe coi 14 ti€u
chl dl nhdn bi^ diu dl jdly, dupe dung vdi myc
dich, fliujlt minh, niM Id, bi sung cho ( ^ de chlnh,
vidy:
—-T&nm^&^&-&mX:ki&iL so m^:k
^ ^ i S f f l t t (69/2014): Ddn chd Mian dan 14 ng(?i
cd Ddng Cdng sdn Trung Quic luon gmcRig cao——
Qudn lii$t sdu sic tinh tMn cia bdi phdt bilu lai Li ki
ni|ai 60 ndm thdnh Idp Quic hpi Tnmg Quic cda
ding dii 1|pC|n Binh
4 Ddc diim til t i
Vdi vai Ird Id td bdo Sdng tinh n^iiem tic,
chuan myc hidn dupe d i i tipng tiong cdch dua tin
ti6i MAi Ddn A ^ MD Ngdn n ^ ding tiong (&i
de bdi bdo ludn flieo sdt ngi^^ tdc n ^ e m tic v4
chlnh xdc vl mdt flidng tin, phdn dnh trung thyc
nhing tin tic sy ki$n mang tinh flidi sy Khdng cd
nhiiu flii phdp tu t i dupe s i dyng tiong cdch d^
( ^ dl eho bdi viit tren tiang bdo ndy Tuy n h i ^
chung ta vin cd thi tim fli^ m$t s i ^ hung tu t i
rit r i ^ d dd, vl dy nhu cdch <^ tieu dl theo kieu
dii xiing dupe s i dyng tuong dii tri^ dl Irong ( ^
de bai vilt lien/WKVI £1(71 A ^ 6do:
(23)WJE'H * J E i l WiEM: Vung H cuong
Dungngi^^tfic ChuinIdcphong
(24) M.n^mtmimmmMiiL cmmu)-
Phyc hung con dudng to lya chung ti^ x ^ dyng flil
Cdch # i & i d e n i ^ c d s y h d i h d a v l d m t i ^
gidu nh^c difu, ldnh dnh, de t^o diu in thu hit dQc
gid Cac flidnh phin dii xing chia cdch nhau bdng
diu cdch trong vdn bdn
S ^ d b ( £ flieo lii tiich dan cung Id flii phdp til
t i fliudng xuit h i ^ tien tiang nhit ATuvi Z)^ iW)^
bdo Thdng thudng, Idi Irieh din Idi ndi cia Idiih
dao Ddng vd Mid nude Trung Quic Cdch ddt diu
di ndy cd flll phdn dnh mdt cdch khdch quanvl chdn fliyc ndi dung bdi bdo, vi dy:
(25) 5Iia¥i£K«*HAS're«:fe^Miii ja¥>:^JiS««Si#iiS3Sii
i t * H # f i t t # i A ® t & S S i i e S (W/2014>
Phdt bi^ tai Li kl n i ^ 60 ndm flidnh l$p Quic htl Tnmg Quie cua ding dri Ifp C|n Binh nUn mgnh
Ti^ tic Uln t) vd horn iM^i cA^ dtS fin' ii^
Qu^AiSf Kien tri [Mt triin XHCN mang dUc lie
IhmgQuSc
Trong diu dl bai bdo, Ihi |didp tu t i in dy ciing dSi khi dupe ddng:
(26) mi='^S.Mn'f&^ "•^Wir (11/9/2014)
T i "-1^$!:' (t?m djdi 14 "d ri&ig"), dupe ddng i
chl con cdi (img d chung vdi b i m;, Idp gia dinh vl tdch la sing ri^ nhung d ddy ddng tit " ^ ^ Iji dupe ding dl chl sy chia tdch d$c 1^ cia ScotlfliKl
ra khdi Vuong quic Lioi h i ^ Anh Id England OS till fliiy, Scodand dope coi nhu m^t "dda mf
flidnh vHa ticaig gia dmh Vuong quie LlSn Uh
Anh *
5 Kitlu^n Thdng qua phdn tich, ting hpp nhihig ddc diii nii bdt trong cdch s i dyng ngdn ngit diu dl bii vii tifti MidR ZXvi M ^ ddo Tnmg Quic, cd flii thiy ti bdo ndy lit chi ^ Idi v i ^ ddt d&i di nhim nSng cao hi$u qud chit lupng cia bdi bdo ndi ri€ng vd ti b&ll ndi chung
*Nglaincdundydtt(VhocitdiSBAvdisirbdott IhidngBfdhgcNgocingii; Bgihgc^tScglah trong de Ida ma so IS.14.01, vdngudntdnhpM^tiV tUQi^&eimA,
T A I LI^U THAM K H A O CHfNH
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i^Miv>^>^i>i>MiSnii»i,T/cNgSnnglIvdSilii^l
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i-5 Wttie.eHiSiS[Ml.«»Ep«g.2001 '
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