Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourthyear students of English faculty in Thuongmai University

Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourthyear students of English faculty in Thuongmai University Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourthyear students of English faculty in Thuongmai University Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourthyear students of English faculty in Thuongmai University Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourthyear students of English faculty in Thuongmai University Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourthyear students of English faculty in Thuongmai University Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourthyear students of English faculty in Thuongmai University Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourthyear students of English faculty in Thuongmai University

Today, in the context of globalization and integration around the world, the role

of translators is increasingly enhanced, especially in economic texts Ony knowing aEnglish does not mean you can become a good translator We must be fluent to usevocabulary and grammar in both mother language and foreign languages, theknowledge of diplomacy and the difference between the two cultures So, we are able

to convey content from the source language to the target language completely

Realizing the importance of translators, TMU has officially introducedTranslation to the final-year English major students However, the students allencounter certain problems related to the English-Vietnamese language and culture.Seeing their negative impact on these students' academic performance, this small studywas conducted to identify some common diffculties in the process of translating fromEnglish to Vietnamese in the field of economic The purpose of the research is to findreasons of these common difficulties and provide a number of methods to helpstudents learn well in translation, having their own experiences in the future

Therefore, in the hope of improving students’ ability to translate with theenthusiastic help of participants, I hope this research will be a neccessary tool foreveryone

During the time of my graduation paper, I really appreciate the great support andguidance from teachers, parents and friends

First and foremost, I would like to send my sincere thanks to all the teachers

teachers of the Thuongmai University, especially the teachers in the English facultywho created the conditions for me to study and develop many skills in a very dynamicenvironment

Next, with the deepest and most sincere affection, allowing me to express mygratitude to my direct instructor, Mrs Phan Tu Lan who spend much time on guiding,editing, and giving necessary advice so that I can complete this graduation paper.Besides, I would like to thank all final-year students of English faculty at

Thuongmai University They enthusiastically shared useful documents to each other.

Last but not least, I want to express my gratitude to my family.They took care of

me and motivated me to complete my graduation report more easily

Finally, during the process of writing graduation paper, I can not avoid mistakesbecause I am lacking in knowledge and skill I am looking forward to receiving yourvaluable comments and suggestions for graduation paper

I wish you good health, happiness, and success in your life

Ha Noi, Friday, March 6 th , 2021

Sincerely thanks!

Student Tran Thi Mai Lan

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

1.1 Rationale

English is said to be the first global language and it is the most widely usedlanguage in the world in international trade, diplomacy, mass entertainment,international telecommunications, Nearly 60 countries use English as their primarylanguage, besides their mother tongue and nearly 100 countries use English as theirsecond language There are also over 1,130 million native speakers However, everycountry has its own language and has some differences in habits, cultures, traditions, These countries that do not use English, must know two languages at the same time tocommunicate with international friends English translation is born to help people whohave difficulty learning or acquiring a second language

Nowaday, business, trade and commerce have become international It is anundeniable fact that English is the only common language to communicate with thepresent growing commerce and trade between companies from all over the world aswell as Vietnam Therefore, the translation of economic and commercial documentsfrom English to Vietnamese plays an important role

Recognizing the importance of translation, TMU has introduced Translation intothe subject The teachers teach the students how to translate English into Vietnameseand how to translate Vietnamese into English However, most students often find thatthey have a lot of difficulties during learning process In my research, I will investigatethe common difficulties in learing translation encountered by the final-year Englishmajor students at TMU and suggest some solutions to this problem Therefore, I would

like to conduct the study entitled “Common difficulties in translation from English to

Vietnamese encountered by the fourth-year students of English faculty in Thuongmai University” I hope this study will help them find out their difficulties and

provide them some solutions to learn translation more easily

Through surveying the research on translation issues, I see that there have beenmany documents on this issue.

A article named ‘Students’ difficulties in translating english text byJOALL( Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature) The objectives of this researchwere to identify types of error in translation, students’ difficulties in translating text,and factors which influence students’ error in translating in English department ofState Institute for Islamic Studies Bengkulu This research used descriptivequantitative method The results of this research showed that students’ difficulties intranslating English text, were elliptical errors (67.29%), idioms (87.5%), and textualmeaning (73.54) The difficulties of students in translating were lack of vocabulary(87,50%), difficult translating Islamic texts (75,00%), literary works (66,66%), andgrammatical issues (62,50%) Then, the factors affected students’ error in translationwere ignorance of ellipsis; unable to identify ellipsis, idiom, and lexical meaning; lack

of strategy in translating ellipsis, idiom, and lexical meaning; translating words perword; most students lack a strong background on the content of the text It wasconcluded that the students got three types of error in transalation, four pointsdifficulties in translation, and six factors which influence the students’ error intranslation

Ibrahim (2017) has conducted research about an investigation of difficulties

of translation which faced by Sudanese students in Dongola University His researchaims were to find out kind of difficulties in translation, introducing pupils‟difficulties in detail, and how to overcome the problems The data were takenfrom Dongola University consisted of 30 students Questionnaire was used totake the data of the study He reported that Sudanese University students inCollege of Education in the second semester find students‟ difficulties intranslating because of grammatical categories, linguistic level, lexical items, andsome differences between source language with the target language

1.2.2 In Vietnam

A study named “Problems in Translation Facing Vietnamese EFL CollegeLearners” written by Do Na Chi The paper investigates how Vietnamese EFL collegelearners undertake translation tasks and the effectiveness of those translated versions

in comparison with the Vietnamese documents Examining 10 translated texts of 10

participants, the findings reveal a high volume of inaccurate translated items caused byword-by-word translation technique and the influence of Vietnamese language.Advices are provided to help educators and learners modify the program and teachingmethods.

A study named “Difficulties and expectations in learning written translation atDong Thap University” by Nguyen Thi Hong Tham and Bui Thi Huyen Tram Thisstudy was conducted to find out the students‟ difficulties as well as their expectationswhen they begin to learn written translation in order to make suggestions that canpartly help them overcome these obstacles in studying this course Besides that, thestudy also aims at making some suggestions as a useful reference helping adjustlearning and teaching method to get a better result in learning and teaching process.The research methods used in this study are the questionnaire- a list of questions tofind out the difficulties that students usually face and the interview questions whichused to meeting students‟ expectations in learning the subject

A study named “ “Difficulties in Learning the Translation of Students majoring inInternational Relations” by Hien Le In the process of conducting the research, thewriter has used both qualitative and quantitative methods.The purpose of the research

is to find out and explain these difficulties, and at the same time offer a number ofmethods to help students can study Translation well, have their own experience in thefuture The researcher has limited his research subjects to the 2-class students TA39Aand TA39B, Department of English, Diplomatic Academy

Above are some studies in the world and in Vietnam All studies find out whatcommon problems students face and how to overcome it The studies will help readershave a more specific view of difficulties about learning translation from English toVietnamese and gain experience for themselves

1.3 Aims of the study

This study has three main purposes as follows:

- To overview of the basics of translation

- To point out the common difficulties faced by English faculty students, andexplain the reasons for these difficulties

- To propose a number of options to help students overcome the above problems

1.4 Research subjects

The subjects of this study are the fouth-year students of English Faculty at TMU.The study is concentrated on their common difficulties in translation from English toVietnamese with the participation of 50 seniors who are learning Business English.

1.5 Scope of the study

The idea of this study comes from the writer’s observations and experiences after

2 semesters of learning translation in the English Faculty Because of limiting abouttime, the study only focuses on exploiting the most basic issues in translation fromEnglish to Vietnamese of the final-year English major students at TMU

1.6 Research methodology

In the process of conducting research, the writer used both qualitative and

quantitative methods Methods of data collection including collecting informationabout research history Qualitative methods are used to analyze, synthesize and explainthe difficulties faced by English language learners The quantitative method helps toconvert data into percentages Database of research was collected from books andtrusted websites

1.7 Organization of the study

This study includes four main chapters, organized as follows:

Chapter 1: Overview of the study

This chapter includes the rationale, previous studies, aims of the study, researchsubjects, scope of the study, research methodology and organization of the study Itpoints the reason why the author chose to research this study and the methods for thefulfillment of the study

Chapter 2: Literature review

The relevant theoretical backgrounds are revised in this chapter as the base forthe research being carried out It focuses on the concepts of translation in general andthe common difficulties and the reasons of them

Chapter 3: Methodology and research findings

This chapter includes the selection of participants, data collection and dataanalysis from survey questionnaire and interview, the result of the findings, as well.Then, the research findings and discussion of the findings will be presented

Chapter 4: Recommendations and Suggestions

The writer summarizes the issues of the study and also offers some suggestions

to help students learn translation skills effectively and give the recommendation forfurther researches

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Translation theory

2.1.1 Definition of translation

Translation is a phenomenon that has a huge effect on every life It has beenapproached from a scientific and technical point of view and considered as anindispensable part in the field of not only literature, culture and religion but alsocommercial advertisement, popular entertainment, public administration, immigrationand education, especially in this current renovation economy Thus, there are many

various definition of transalation defined by a lot of famous translators and began toappeared in books, dictionaries or websites The followings are some typicaldefinitions which are basic and easy to approach for the reader:

According to Wikipedia , translation is claims: “Translation is the interpreting ofthe meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text, likewisecalled a translation that communicates the same message in another language The text

to be translated is called the source text, and the language that it is to be translated into

is called the target language; the final product is sometimes called the target text.”Advanced Oxford Dictionary ( page 1632) defines: “Translation is the process ofchanging something that is written or spoken into another language”

Ghazala (1995) shares: "Translation is generally used to refer to all the processand methods used to convey the meaning of the source language in to the targetlanguage" Ghazala's definition focuses on the notion of meaning as an essentialelement in translation That is, when translating, understanding the meaning of sourcetext is vital to have the appropriate equivalent in the target text thus, it is meaning that

is translated in relation to grammar, style and sounds

Catford (1995) believes that: “Translation is the replacement of textual material

in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)”

Yowell and Mutfah (1999), views differently (1999): “ Translation is a productsince it provides us with other different cultures, to ancient societies and civilizationlife when the translated texts reaches us “

Theory of interpreting and translation (Thuongmai University.) defines:

“Translation is rendering a written text into another language in the way that the authorintended the text”

From the above definitions, it can be seen that translation is the act oftransferring the linguistic entities from one language in to their equivalents in toanother language We all do realize that translation is not just a way of convertingwords into other words but it’s a complicated and a very crucial way of explainingthings in a way that its actual meaning is delivered without harming its origin

a Translation enables a global economy

Communication is the key of any successful relation, business or in factanything, you are nothing if you cannot communicate well and so here the role of atranslation becomes more crucial and very important Global businesses cannot selltheir products and services without translation Besides, companies benefit fromworking overseas They can take advantage of the lower cost of products and services

in some countries, the professional and industrial expertise of others, and additionalmarkets to trade in.Therefore, it is necessary to put some certain data in anotherlanguage, and negotiate terms with international governments or other local companieswhere a proper translation of relevant proposals and agreements is required

b Translation is necessary for the spread of information, knowledge, and ideas

It is absolutely necessary for effective and empathetic communication betweendifferent cultures Translation, therefore, is critical for social harmony and peace.Translation is also the only medium through which people come to know differentworks that expand their knowledge For example: The Bible has been translated into atleast 531 languages

TED Talks runs open translation projects that allow people around the world tounderstand their talks, offering non-English speakers to learn from some of the besteducators in the world

Especially in the journalism industry, with the current socio-political context,there are many news stories of international significance Journalists from around theworld need to stay up-to-date on current events outside of their home countries togauge their impact on local activity To do this, translation is the best support tool

c Translation promotes tourism development

Translation is very important in every aspect of the tourism industry related content comes in a variety of formats, from categories, brochures and websites,

Travel-to menus, flyers and signs VisiTravel-tors feel more comfortable when they can research andgather information about their destination and plan their stay in their own language.Studies show that not only do customers browse websites with content in their nativelanguage, but about half of them will pay more if given their information in theirnative language As a consequence, businesses that are looking to expand in thisindustry - and indeed, survive! - are now understanding the importance of being able

to reach out to more and more customers by providing them with as much information

as possible And the only way for businesses to reach an international customer base isthrough translation.

d Translation is a means of cultural exchange between countries

Culture appears and becomes an indispensable part of people's intellectual-sociallife Culture includes films, music, literature and many other formats of art globalborders And translation is the leading factor contributing to spreading the world'sclassics to people.Translated and subtitled movies today earn the large turnover for theinternational film industry Song translations also allow the artists to earn royalties andinternational fame as an added bonus, while also reaching a large number ofinternational customers In short, it is translation that helps to close linguistic gapsbetween countries and enrich a country's culture

b Administrative translation

A good administration requires transparency and clarity It is important to conveyinformation within an organization without any confusion Administrative translationinvolves the conversion of managerial or administrative texts and documents used indaily operations when an MNC has multilingual employees Administrative translationincludes employee contracts, sales pitch, presentations, annual reports, generalbriefs, etc

c Technical translation

Technology is an essential factor in today’s world And it is necessary to makesure it is not limited to a certain region but is spread to every little part of the world Toassure that this happens, technical documents need to be translated into differentlanguages without losing their significance and content Documents that require

technical translation include user guides, manuals, instruction leaflets,trainingmaterial, minutes of meetings, etc

e Medical translation

Health and well being is necessary for the survival of a human being irrespective

of the country, culture or language In order to maintain this, it is essential to expandmedical knowledge to every corner of the world Medical translation is the process inwhich medical documents are converted from a source language to the target languagewithout changing its intended purpose and meaning The documents that undergomedical translation include medical research papers and thesis, patient reports,information posters, medical equipment manuals, drug labeling, clinical trial reportsetc

f Financial translation

Money makes the world go around A simple, yet powerful statement whichconveys the importance of money in life Financial documents are used to transmitmonetary information, and therefore need to be translated in order to be accepted andunderstood across the world Financial translation involves the conversion ofdocuments of financial nature related to stocks, commodities, investment funds,banking, etc Some of the documents include financial contracts, packages, bankrecords and statements, balance sheets, equity and bond research notes, cryptocurrencyetc

g Literary translation

Literature is a comprehensive essence of the intellectual life of a nation Thisshows the importance of spreading the beauty of literature to all around the world.Literary translations are nothing but the conversion of literary works from onelanguage to the other They are done on novels, poems, plays, essays, comics etc

h Script translation

Ever tried watching an Oscar movie, only to realize that it is in a foreignlanguage? Well, script translation makes sure this does not happen, and that everyonegets to enjoy the gift of films It is a subset of the literary translation This is notlimited to just films Scripts can be translated on movie scripts, TV series scripts,interview scripts, cartoon/animated series scripts,

i Website translation

More than a quarter of internet users around the world do not have English as anative language As a company, it is necessary to translate the websites to all theselanguages to expand the clientele, and this process is known as website translation.Usually, website translations are done on website textual content, symbols and logos,quote and slogans, pictures, address formats, currency, and other page content,subtitles for videos, page layouts,

j Localization

Language and culture are intertwined Every country and region has differentculture and linguistic differences In these scenarios, a simple translation alone is notsufficient when converting content This is where localization comes into play.Localization is simply put, a comprehensive process of conversion of text and othercontent into a different language by giving a major emphasis on the culture, location aswell as tiny linguistic differences

2.1.4 Criteria for a good translation version

Translators often worry about their skills as professional translators and askthemselves “what is a good translation?” Here are some citeriaa of what could betermed a good translation

- It must be accurate

This might seem obvious, but the number of poor translations and mistranslationsdemonstrate that accuracy isn’t always a priority when it comes to translation Just tryand use Google Translate or any one of a number of automatic translation tools to seewhat happens when translation is done poorly Words are used incorrectly Sentencesare botched At the worst, the meanings of whole chunks of text are distorted

You would expect this lower standard from automatic translation tools, but thenumber of times it is used is astounding When commercial or governmentorganizations skimp on the cost of professional translation, they are not going to getaccuracy

- It must be clear

Another obvious criterion, but often disregarded Good translations are generallycompiled by good translators Unfortunately, good translators do not always have well-written text to translate A good translator usually clarifies a poor original project One

of the reasons for this is that many writers do not understand how to write clearlythemselves Their sentences are too long Their paragraphs are too long Words maynot fit the people who are going to read what is written One of the skills of a goodtranslator is to retain the meaning of the original text yet make it easier to read

- The translated material must seem natural

One of the qualities of a good translator is to make sure that he or she readsthrough what has been translated several times afterwards This is not just to proofreadwhat has been written and make sure there are no spelling mistakes, typos and the like,but to ensure it sounds as natural as possible It is easy for translations to appear stilteduntil they are redone so that it seems smooth and easy to read

When finding out some other documents, the reader can see that EI Shafey(1985) suggest other criteria for a good translation, these includes three mainprinciples:

- “The knowledge of the grammar of source language plus the knowledge ofvocabulary, as well as good understanding of the text to be translated

- The ability of the translator to be reconstitute the given text (source languagetext) into the target language

- The translation should capture the style or atmosphere of the original text, itshould have all the ease of an original composition.”

In a word, a good translation contains unbiased, unchanged versions of the saidwords in another language It has to be accurate otherwise it may lead tomistranslations, missing sentences and bad grammar

2.1.5 Translation strategies and methods

2.1.5.1 Translation methods

a Word-for-word translation

Here the source language (SL) word is translated into another language by theirmost common meanings, which can also be out of context at times, especially inidioms and proverbs

The following are the characteristics of this approach:

+ SL word order is preserved

+ Words are translated by their most common meanings, and out of contex

b Literal translation

Here the SL grammatical constructions are translated to their nearest language

The following are the characteristics of this approach: Lexical words aretranslated singly, and out of context.

c Faithful translation

Here the translation interprets the exact contextual meaning of the original withinthe constraints of the grammatical structures of the TL

The following are characteristics of this approach:

+ Words are translated in context but uncompromising to TL

+ Transfer cultural words

+ Does not naturalize

+ Often read like a translation

d Semantic translation

It refers to that type of translation, which takes into account the aesthetic value ofthe SL text

The following are the characteristics of this approach:

+ More flexible than faithful translation

+ Naturalize a bit while faithful translation is uncompromising (but in order toachieve aesthetic effect), for instance, it may translate cultural words with neutral orfunctional items

+ Great focus on aesthetic features of source text (at expense of meaning ifnecessary)

+ Close rendering of metaphors, collocations, technical terms, slang,colloquialisms, unusual syntactic structures and collocations, peculiarly used words,neologism, badly written or inaccurate passages

g Idiomatic translation

It translates the message of the original text but tends to disort the originalmeaning at times by referring colloquialisms and idioms (Su, 2003) “16 Idiomatictranslation makes use of idioms and colloquialisms that are not present in the sourcetext” It is asserted that the original meaning of a fixed combination is not equal to thesum of the meaning of separate words

h Communicative translation

This method displays the exact contextual meaning of the original text in amanner where both content and language are easily acceptable and comprehensible tothe readers

The following are the characteristics of this approach:

+ Bee freer than semantic translation

+ Give priority to the effectiveness of the message to be communicated

+ Focus on factors such as readability and naturalness

+ Both the content and the language are readily acceptable and comprehensible

to the reader

2.1.6 Translation strategies

Different scholars suggest various types, categorizations and classifications forthe strategies according to their particular perspectives Here, some of these typologiesare mentioned:

Chesterman (1997), as Bergen (n d.) stated, believes that in translation strategies'field there is "considerable terminological confusion"

Krings (1986:18) defines translation strategy as "translator's potentiallyconscious plans for solving concrete translation problems in the framework of aconcrete translation task,"

Seguinot (1989) believes that there are at least three global strategies employed

by the translators: (i) translating without interruption for as long as possible; (ii)correcting surface errors immediately; (iii) leaving the monitoring for qualitative orstylistic errors in the text to the revision stage

Loescher (1991:8) defines translation strategy as "a potentially consciousprocedure for solving a problem faced in translating a text, or any segment of it."Cohen (1998:4) asserts that "the element of consciousness is what distinguishesstrategies from these processes that are not strategic."

Jaaskelainen (1999:71) considers strategy as, "a series of competencies, a set ofsteps or processes that favor the acquisition, storage, and/or utilization of information."

He maintains that strategies are "heuristic and flexible in nature, and their adoptionimplies a decision influenced by amendments in the translator's objectives."

2.2 Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese

2.2.1 Difficulty in translating the major word

Major words (terminology) are words / phrases special word used in a subject orspecific subject matter (Richards & Schmidt, 1992) Understanding the economicterminology is quite difficult, but translating the terminology hardly used is even

word in a sentence, without enough knowledge, they often get confused and take a lot

of time They may not can guess then translate incorrectly For examples:

Shares (‘ Cổ phiếu’ in Vietnamese)

Note (‘ Kỳ phiếu’ in Vietnamese)

Venture capital- (‘Vốn mạo hiểm’ in Vietnamese)

2.2.2 Difficulty in translating the abbreviation

In economic texts, abbreviation is the most difficult thing for translators toremember and understand For example:

GDP (Gross domestic product)- GDP is often used as a measure of a nation’seconomic performance and activity It is usually calculated on a quarterly or annualbasis

NAFTA (The North American Free Trade Agreement)- NAFTA was anagreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateraltrade bloc in North America

2.2.3 Differences in language structure

Be rigid in switching from English to Vietnamese This comes from students who

do not understand and understand the structures in English as well as in their nativelanguage Along with that, during the translation process, you too closely follow eachtranslation word without paying attention to the context will make your sentencestructure become dry and lack the smoothness Sometimes it confuses the reader.For example: A new car is bought If the students translate follow the Englishstructure, it becomes “ Một chiếc ô tô mới được mua” in Vietnamese This translation

is said to be very rigid and not suitable for Vietnamese style

2.2.4 Misunderstanding about culture

Culture play an important role in the translation process Misunderstanding ofculture can lead to bad translation products and sometimes makes it funny and eveninsulting to readers of the target language.This requires you to understand the twolanguages as well as the customs between the two countries to use wordsappropriately In other words, many words, phrases or sentences in one language seemvery easy to understand in another language, but not at all easy to translate into the ear,easy to hear Just like in Vietnamese, one of the top notes that is always mentionedwhen translating English documents into Vietnamese is "pure Vietnamese" translation,which means how to translate without the listener's thinking is a Westerner whotranslates in the manner of maize, westernization, not in accordance with Vietnamesefine traditions

2.2.5 Words and choices of word meaning

Words play a crucial role for any language learners to build their own vocabularysystem to get advantages in their language learning Vocabulary is the fundamentalcomponent of communication The more vocabulary one has, the more advantages forhim to obtain effective communication Developing this basic tool with create manyopportunities in learning translation subject well within a translation text If learnershave no difficulty in new words, it will be easy for them to translate into the targetlanguage text In contrast, they seem to fail translating Most of English words havemany meanings, so choosing a suitable and appropriate word, which has the exactmeaning to apply into the target language text sometimes, create many confusing fortranslators

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH FINDINDS

The purpose of this chapter is to present the methodology used in this thesis Itincludes research questions, research participants, data collection instruments andresearch procedure

The objects of study are the fourth-year students of English faculty in TMU The

number of objects is 50 students At the time of the study, these students had

completed advanced translation subject, so they were able to give the mostcomprehensive view of the most common difficulties faced by the subject.

3.1.3 Data collection method

a Data collection instruments: The questionnaire

50 the fourth-year students of English faculty in TMU were asked to complete aquestionnaire with 10 questions related to the difficulties they are most likely to faceand solutions that can help improve their learning outcomes To ensure objectivity andfairness, each student will complete the questionnaire on their own without beingallowed to see the answers chosen by others Only the researcher can view the fullresults of the investigation The survey results are only publicized after all 50 subjectshave completed the questionnaire completion The aims of those questions can bedescribed as follows:

The first three questions: questions (1), (2) and (3) were used to find out thestudents’ attitude towards translation subject in general Question (1) was for findingstudents’ feelings in studying translation Question (2) was used to find out the reasonwhy students study translation And question (3) was used to survey the amount oftime that the students spend on studying the translation

Question (4) was aimed to find out the difficulties that students have to facewhen translating from English to Vietnamese

Question (5) was used to find out the reasons that make students have difficulties

in translating from English to Vietnamese

Question (6) was used to find out the solutions that students choose to improvetheir translation from English to Vietnamese

Question (7) was aimed to find out what the students often do to improve theirvocabulary, grammar and their knowledge about economy

Question (8) was used to explore what they often do when they finish theirtranslation

Question (9) was a choice question to determine a factor that most affectedstudents' translation, between their sense of learning and teaching methods of theirteachers