Tài liệu luyện thi toefl The heinle & Heinle Toefl Test Assistant - VOCABULARY

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Tài liệu Thi TOEFL

The Heinle & Heinle

TOEFL Test Assistant :

Milada Broukal

Glendale Community College

Dich và chủ giải

LE HUY LAM TRƯƠNG HOÀNG DUY

CHAPTER 3 Theme Grouping : Time ad Spree

‘Test on Time and Space CHAPTER 4 Everyday and Spetifc Vocabulary

‘Test on Everyday and Specie Vocabulary CHAPTER 5 Roots

‘est om Koole CHAPTER 6 Theme Grouping + Thought and Communication

‘Test on Thought ond Communication CHAPTER 7 ‘Theme Grouping + Feelings and Sensations

Test an Feelings and Sensations CHAPTER 8 Iiioms and Coufising Words ast foe Talons

test on Confusing Words CHAPLER 9 Prefixes

‘Test om Prefixes CHAPTER 10 Theme Grouping > Places td

‘Movertent

‘Test on Places and Movement CHAPTER 11 Theme Grouping: Sie Test on Site

CHAPTER 22 Sufixes Test on Sulfxes CHAPTER 13 Phrasal Veph.- * :

‘Test 1: Phrasal Verbs! "|

Test 2 Phvasal Verbs

INDEX

2-H & H TÖBEL - VOCABULARY

“TH dong tong ng? cin Bài kiển tra về từ đụng Hong ngữ cảnh

Tập hạp t theo chữ để Sinh vật Bài kiểm ta về sinh vật

Tập hợp từ theo chủ để - Thời giàn và không gian

Bài kiểm tạ vẻ thôi gian và không gian

"Từ vựng dòng thường này và đặc trưng Bài kiểm tra về ữ vựng dòng thường nghy

va đặc tưng, Gác

Bồi kiểm tra về gốc

“Tập hợp từ heo chủ để + Suy Mông và giao tiến

"UBT kiếm tra vế suy tướng tà gio iếp

“Tập hợp tử theo chủ để ; Câm trông và cảm giác

Bài kiểm ri về cảm tướng và cảm giác Đặc ngữ và các từ dễ nhâm lẫn BÀI kiểm tri về đạc ngữ

Bài kiểm tra về các dễ nhấm lẫn Tiếp đầu ngữ

Bài kiếm tra về tiếp đâu ngữ

Tập hợp từ theo chủ để Địa điểm và sự

di chuyén

ài kiểm ta về đa điềm và dự di chuyển Tập hợp tĩ then chủ để: Kích thước Bài kiểm tra Vẻ kích thước

Tiếp vĩ ngữ Bài kiểm ta vÉ tiếp ví ngữ

Ina variety of ways Each section ofthe TOF tes has different vocabulary needs The Listening Cornpechension section requires vorabulary in the form af idioma, phưasel verbs, and everyday and specific vocabulary The Structure and Weitken Expression section teats knowledge of sulfixes, and of confusing words, The Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension section requires looking for cantextual clues that reveal the mearing of a word When contestual clues are not helpful oowledge of synonyms, roots, and prefixes wil help to find the meaning It is, therefore, Important to address all these needs in 2 comprehensive TOEFL test vocabulary book, Fach chapter of The Heinle & Helnle TOEFL Test Assistant: Vocabulary addeesses the different vocabulary needs fr the test The vocabulary iy contextualized in the beginning ofeach chapter

Ín à reading passage or conversation These do not replicate the passages or conversations found on the tet hecause thele pucpase is tu promate classroom activity and learning sills

Siilaly, im Chapter 1, "Words in Context” vacabulary is contextalized in passages of lover overall diffeuhy than those found on the actual exam, since its aim ie to strengthen the vocabulary teaching aspect of the book The readings are, however, selected from areas of readings covered by the TOLL tet such as biology, piysial science, history, art, and social Structure of Each Chapter

+ Presentation

A reading or listening passage, a dalogue, ova stractore passage presents the vocabulary

fo be studied Ìn the unit im contextualized form

+ Comprehension questions Comiprehension questions fllow the patsayes or dialogues, These questions are lollowed

Dy tasks to encourage students to use cantextal clues and relate words with one snoither

‘Students can stork alone, in groups, oF In pars

1 Strategies for vocabulary development

‘Strategies are presented that deal with the particular vocabulary bullding focus of the

"

= Exercises

‘There area varity of excrcse types ranging from multiple choke, blank fling, correcting errors, completing word lists, using the dictionary to find out meanings, and sơ on,

‘These exercises can be done inthe casstoom with students interacting in pales or groups

or they can be ssigaed a homework, + End of chapter tests

‘The end of unt test focuses on the vocabulary taught in the unit, The question types ate similar to thase fond on the TOEFL tert

1 & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 3

How to Use This Book

‘you learn some new words every day The following are some strategies for building your

‘vocabulary whether you are working alone or in the classroom

‘Strategies for Vocabulary Building + Read as much as you can

By reading as many magazines, fiction and non-fiction books, and journals a8 you can, you will encounter new words You can guess the meanings of many of these words

‘by their contest - that is, you will get a chue to the meaning from the words that surround the new word If you are still not sure, you can look up the word in a dictionary to check if you were right

+ Use a dictionary Buy a good dictionary, preferably a collegeevel dictionary The dictionary should be all English, not a bilingual one A good dictionary should include the following information about 4 word

‘ts pronunciation its part of speech (noun, adjective, verb)

a dear, simple definition

‘an example ofthe word used in a sentence or phrase its origin (oot prefix)

You can also use & pocket dictionary if you Havel back and forth to classes, + Lear ros, profixes, and suffixes

Roots and prefixes from Latin and Greek make up many English words It has been

‘estimated that more than half of all English words come from Latin and Greek, Prefixes are added to the beginning of a root and suffixes are added to the end to modify the meaning of words Learning thee will hlp You increase your vocabulary,

‘+ Lear from listening Listening to good programs on the radic and television as well as to people who speak English well is another way of improving your vorabulary Since you cannot always:

ask the speaker to tell you what a particular word means, write down the words and Took them up later

1 Use a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms

‘Synonyms are words that have almost the same meaning: antonyms are words that have almost the opposite meaning, Knowing the synonyms and antanyms of 4 word will

‘expand your vocabulary Some dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms explain each

‘ymnonym and how it differs in meaning from other synonyms Since no two words have the exact same meaning, thie is very useful for you

HM & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 5

+ Make your own word list Get a notebook for your vocabulary study and use it to create your own word list Whenever you eead and come actoss a ward you don't know, writesit down in your otabook together with the sentence in which you found i, Try to work ovt the meaning

‘uf the sword from lls context Then look the word up ina dictionary and write the dafinition in your notebook, Also, write down any ather Information such as the root

‘uf the word, and see how iis connected to the meaning, Lally, write your own sentence sing the word Writing will help you remember the word and its meaning, Try to add

a new ward to your ist every day

‘Create your own theme groups

‘Words are easier fo remember andl Team when you group words with similar meanings

‘undet a theme For exemple,

be fond of evoted to cherish adore

“Then you can male another theme with the opposite

detest loathe abhor repel despise disgust + Use your new wards

Using your new words whether it be ia speaking or writing is an important step in searing them

6-H & H TOEPL - VOCABULARY

hd thé ef motto ma ban khong biết

an trừng hợp này, bạt phì ngiền củ - TS TT LEEDEEEEEEEE

mà tông đo nh dược đông is nit — 222222227777771222777 Tay viết Vi tông thường đục từ vựng

đua iặcngịe ha thấy chứng tong ng cảnh rên Ẹ phí tiến Hả năng này F8 gấp bạn họ êm nhu t Cheba đọc an đấy bao gồm tài tập vẽ tử đông đong ngỡ cin Ngoại trừ ba bi cuối những on văn này nha tổng th được nh kày 9 mực độ khổ hấp bơ xì với những Bi dọc bạn t Bếp bong TOEFL ot moc

đu của ciš này bin doy Kung

Phương pháp học + Một bong ba loại đấu mới ngữ cảnh ssu đầy sẽ giếp bạn hiểu nghĩa của một Rử dàng trong ngữ cảnh

1 Định nghĩa trực tiếp + Trong vải trường hợp có một từ lg, định nghĩa tử đó cđược cho kế bên, Cỡ hiểu cho được định nghĩa và đối chiếu định nghĩa đố

ới từ đăng trong ngữ cảnh, Chủ giải hy đồng nghĩa Tim xem có thể có một tử hay cụm từ nào khác trang ngữ cảnh mang nghĩa lưng tự khẳng

Nghĩa ngắm hiểu Trong vài ngữ cảnh, đâu mối hục tiếp không được chờ sẽn mà cứ nằm ở dạng ngằm hiểu Gặp trường hợp này bạn cân phải nghì đến ngữ cảnh và đoán xem nghĩa tự đ6 cô thể là gi Da bạn không thể xác

Í _— đnh được nghĩa đích thực của tW, bạn cũng có thể xác định được nghĩa đại

Khái chung chung, + Môi khí đọc, bạn nên thực hành fim abu suối nữ cảnh, Việc thực hành này khuyến khích bạn phân ch nghĩa của những gt bạn đọc, và cũng luyện cho bạn tự duy

Biology Reading a Bai đọc về để tài sinh học

Read the following passage, Hay dge don van sau

Otters belong to another group of animals, the msstelids This word eames

‘rom the Catia, and moans "wassel,” Other members of this family of animale include weasels, skunks, and badgers They are all short legged, hava thick coats

of fur and sharp, caring teeth, snd are emraivorous or ment-enting mammals, Gutars lave water, and their webbed fect, thick tale, and danse fur make them well-suited for life in the water Two kinda of otters are found in and

‘round North America One ia fresh-watar tae; the other is a sea otter

The home of the fresh-water otter ig usually @ hole dug into the bank of a stream or lake The Tole louds to a den lined with laavee, Here, the young,

‘usally two ar threa, are horn in late winter ar early apring, Before the young can swim, the mother sometimes carries them abut on her back in the water

But the young laurn very quickly to swim themselves Their paronts teach them to dive nd to entch the fish on which they feed Soan the cuba are able (o stay undorwatar for ax long as four roiautes

‘Soa otters are anger and hoavier than fresh-water otters, Their thick fur is ark brown with white at the tips and has a frosted appearance Thoy have

‘white whiskers from which they get the nickname, the “old men of the sea.”

‘2 animals that lay ease

E antmnle that give ik 6 tước

§ - HA H TOEFL - VOCABULARY

jump ino the water i, Jong bai near the mouth

8 cubs

2 the young of tha ater the parents

‘A, Whetedo these anicals Wve? Motch the - Các động tật nay gig ở đâu 7 Giáp đúng cnimal wdb te home You may use the con nộ tới đúng chỗ ở cña nó Hạt ob

same home more than once diag một dễ 3 hon mật lên

‘the name of the young more than ones, td

Science Reading (1) Bài đọc về để tải khoa học (1) Read the following passage Hay doc dogn văn chu

“The shooting atar that streaks across the sky ia tiny particle or piees of

‘matter from outer space, When the particle enters the esrth’s atmosphere,

Hi & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 9

friction with the air causes it to glow white hot and then turn to gas Most of these particles, or meters, arv emailer than a grain of rice

‘Comets move around the sun and have a very bright head and # long tal Many moteors seem to be fragments of comets that erashed into one another

Other meteors are tiny particles from the tails of comets Some meteors are iron and some are stone

‘Once in a while, an extra bright meteor, or fireball, appears Fireballs can sometimes be seen during tho day and may even be as bright ea the fall moon, Some meteors survive their fall Unrough the Earth's atmosphere and land on the ground These are called mateorites, and sre usually cool enough to tovch when they land

Working Out the Meaning Doda nghia Find the words below in the passage Try to Tint whibg ti eau trong dagn tn C6 ded gues the meaning of the words from the nghữ cíc từ này từ đạm tứ, Khomnh trồn

passage Cice the corect answer cu rd 18 dng

a rove very fast 3 ghe cụt cold

lý at tu: b give out liht

1 hot gow cool grain 3 meteor comet ftebat shy

2 porte fragment ‘comet gain space moon sor lard

Dictionary Work Bài tập ta từ điển

“The following words reprosont small pieces Ce Hi sau tu Mu che những mẫu miếng

‘of quantities Match the word and the object ay Kh hợng nhỏ Ghép đăng từ tói đăng

10 H & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY

alte fllving words in onder al size rơm —_ Đặt cc anu dy then dang ti bo hich the snaletlo te hưget fc obi thủ nế đế: cá lên lt

om se — ‘ene sole sysem glows

— ye wise

4 5 5

Reading about People Bai đọc về để tài con người

"Read the following passage “Đọc đoạn vân cau đây

Horace Mann has bean called the "Father of Public Edoeaiod" boewuse of (he great educational roforms he atarted in American, public achools

Ie was born in 1796 in Massachusetts, Mann gave up a promising carcer

as a lawyer to become the first superintendent of education for Massachusetts

in 1837, For twalvayears he pleaded, argued, and lectured the state gavernmet

to improve the schools Mann was a dedicated reformer He even spout his vacations visiting schoola around the country Mann believed the effort as worth the priee, In his opinion

1 demorratic repablic noeded wol-odcated citizens

During his term as superintendent, eduestion made important strides in Massachusetts, He doubled teacher? salaries, and raised the minimum time children rust attend school to six months a year He improved the quality of

‘twaching by starting nev taining shoola for teachers

Working Out the Meaning Doin nghĩ

Find the words in the passage, Try fo quess TÌm những từ sứ frog dog wie CB doe the rearing ofthe words from the passage right ofc Wnty HY doen nan, Khoarh tne

1 The of space exploration stared n the 1960s

2, The computer _ as helped to improve global commranicatian,

3 The discovery of the Americas began . _ of adventure

4 From 1990 to the year 2000 isthe ast of the 20th century

5 Mang colleges inthe United States nun on syste

6, The presdent of the United Siaes can only ru tảo, of four years

7 The Chal War wos the clniax of a very portant in the grouth af the riled States of Ameria

8, The northern part of the county experianced a vary cold in the winter of

1993,

9 The Pony Eopres lasedora — — — sĩ 18 months

12 W& H-TOERL - VOCABULARY

B List any other words you know for Lip dank sich bit kỳ từ nào Đic lạm tiết

(Ona word in each group does rot belong ._ Mỹ! từ trong mỗi nhóm khác ổi dc lừ cầm

1 oppose resist stare rebel

2 protest demonstrate riot enprove

3 plead urge teach request

Reading on Social Science Bài đọc về chủ để khoa học

xã hội Read the following passage Đọc đoạn van sau day,

‘The Shoshone were a group of Indian tribes who lived in the westarn plains

‘of Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and Idaho Life inthis almost ari, desertike region,

‘was dificlt The Shoshone lived by hunting small animals and gathering mute,

‘rate, and aoeda Most Shoshone lived together in emall family groups, An older poreon in each group was the loader Rach group was known to the others by tho type of food that was plentifel in its particular region Tho 'Sheep katere”

and "Seed Eaters" were two such groupe

In the 1700s the Shoshone received guns from the Spanish, Some of thein Dbecame hunters like their neighbors, the nomadic Comanche tribe,

Perhaps the most fariout member of the Shoshone tribe was Sacayawen, the woman who accompanied Merrivether Lewis and William Clark on thoir

‘expedition across the West

"Today, more thus 10,000 Shoshone Tadiane Five on or near reservations it

‘the western United States, Moat of them are ranchers, farmers, and laborers

Working Out the Meaning "Đoán nghĩ

Find the words i the passage Try to guess Thm nig tir sau froug dons wd C8 dod tha meaning ofthe words from the passage ng ee nữy B đoợn sến, Khomh bồn rele the comectansier câu trẻ li đồng,

6 accompanied

2 setded uth went with EXERCISE 2 Dictlonsry Work

A Look up the adjectives below Put the dgctves under the to headings dry / not dry

ài lập tra RỈ điển Tra cic hick i san dy trong từ điển Dat oe tin fe ny dat ha He a8 KO không khổ

‘One word In each graup does not belo Find the word

Them cola veg bay dul mdi tbe 2

ĐÀI TẬP 3 Đồng nghĩa và phân nghĩa Lap dans sich cbeg hide tit đông nghĩa tới plentful nã từ phẩh nghữa sử? sec

ng 1

‘Synonyms Antonyms

4

5

BÀI TẬP 4

“Một ừ tong mỗi nhôm thác tối de từ cần lợi Hãy ìm lữ đó

1 expedition jourey voyage reservation

2 ranchers farmers laborers nvighbors

3, gathering collecting hurting picking

4 wanderer tbe traveler nomad

14 - H & HY TOBFL - VOCABULARY

Read the following pnssage Boe dgn van sau diy,

‘Sequaya was a Cherokee Indian who invented an alphabet that enabled his

‘people to read and write their own language,

“Sequoya was born In Teanessee in 1770, the son of an Indian mother and a

‘white father Soquoya was frst a hunter, bu afer @ hunting accident he beanie

a trader, Sequoya had no education, but be knew that reading and writing were {important He began to work on an alphabet for the Cherokee language In 1823

after 12 years of work, bis alphabet was ready It consisted af aymbols for 85, sounds that make up the Cherokee language,

‘Within a fow «noaths thousands of Cherokess learned to read and weite using the new alphabet, Soon » Cherokee newspaper called the Phoentr was being published, Ts columns carried news in beth English and Cherokee

Sequoya became a teacher and ineved to Oklahowna where he continued to teach the alphabet The huge soqunia trees, known for their great size, that grow in Califorain are named in his memory and honor

Working Out the Mesning Đoán nghĩa Find the words belo in he passage, Tey to Tin vững tử se ơng đoạt cổ Cổ daển sess the meaning of the words fram the ugha ofc Ji may Ht doan we Kon fn

‘Ona word in aach group doesnot enean big Một Hư trong mới nhóm không rổ nghĩa là

1 buky immense dwarf 3 monumental animate subetardal

2 vast fintesimal colossal, 4 tonsdenble huge memorial

below under the correct heading, edt bby oho ding tibu Ab cie cing

1B Ade other words under each heading, Thêm cức ừ Khác aa a tte

Give synonyms for the folguing phưan! _ Tim Hồng nghất ch củc cụm động Hừ sau

vers, You may write more than ane Bat cf thd cho ha mội ừ đổng ngiềc

—

Reading on Earthquakes Bài đọc về chủ đế động đất

Read the following passage ‘Bee dan van sau day

‘The peogle of Moxico City elt the grocad shuko several times on September 18.20, 1986 Ksch tremor was a litle stronger than the one hefare A rumbling sound seemed to approsch the city The ruuble increased to a roar, ae i's huge train were runing through # tunnel under the streets, The ground rose and fell

in waves ARer the main shocks came a brief pause, followed by renewed shaking, the aftorshock,

People were thrown off their feet by the shaking of the earth Apartment buildings crumbled into heaps Many buildings in Mexico's capital were damaged, Thousands of persons were hurt or killed by falling buildings,

16 - HẺ& H YOERL » VOCABULARY

EXERCISE 1 Working Out the Meaning Find the words in the passage, Try to guess the meaning ofthe words from the pasage

“Cce the corect answer

BÀI TẬP 1 Đoần nghĩa Tâm tác từ sả tong dạ wa CB doin

"nghĩa các H tấp tế đam tốn, KHoanh trồ câu bã li đứng

5 heaps

A Look up the worls bew that mean damage/ destroy Then pat them under the headings they go with You may use the same ward mare tha once

Tra che tau đây rong tứ điễn, Các túc

ty 6 nghia damage / destroy Sou d dit ching Meo ode Hu dB ching ai cong Bạn

A Painting ‘The Enutronment Your Health

ane CAO BANG É

CÔNG NGHỆ VA KIN Nhiệt

Thêm các tử cũ riêng bạn đến § desteoy {damage ate ote teu để, Dạn cỗ thể

Continvous Sound Single Sound

A Match the animal wath the sound it makes

abee a, hhsết atid —b, buzzes aorake cleats

B Wile three more animals ond the son

ề ca N62” 6CAB0LARY '

BÀI TẬP 3 Lew mgt minh fay theo cp, Tra tong ti

“đến dắc từ nổi v8 bại Am thanh được chế

du dy, DEC mB tir ado dud mt tong các liệu để súc

Conlinuous Sound Smgle Seund

Thêm từ biểu thị đc anh tầo đi nỗi điệu để

BÀI TẬP 4 Chon fn tate hơn

5 a, eunmur bumble

6 ca bang ', squenk BÀI TẬP 5

(Chon dm han đồng để hoàn HÍẳ dầu sư

3 The wind the door shut

hep đúng sơt tật ni đúng Em thanh nổ pit a,

Science Reading (2) Bai đọc về chủ để khoa học (2)

Read the following passage (Doe dogn wan sau dy,

‘Rubber con be made from latex, the sap of a rubber tree, Rubber can also

be made synthetically by combining the chemieal elements carbon and Dydrogen Synthetic substances aro often artificial imitations of natural substances, A synthetic that is exactly like a natural substance is made up of the same elements as the natural substance For exemple, a natural diamond ie sacle up of carbon atoms, but the atoins are arranged in a certain pattern A

synthetic diamond is also made up of carbon atoms, but the atoms are arranged

na pattern by people Novertheless, the synthetic diamond itil areal diamond, However, ihere aro imitation diamonds made of tha chemical compound titanium dioxide, These diamonds are not aynthotic They are fake diamonds because

‘they are not made of up the sume chemical elements as natural diamonds Asynthetie product may be better than a natural substance, For example, synthetic rubber is better (han aatural rubber far some utes because it ea be

‘made atronger,

Working Out the Meaning Đoần nghĩa

Fi the words in the passage, Tey to quess Tin fe sau dy tong dogn wt, C6 don the meaning athe words from the passage

ghia tr miy fi dan vn Rho Iris

rele ths corect answer câu bã lại đăng

Dictionary Work - "Not real” Bai tp tea Wt didn - "Kong thật"

‘A The wonls foie, false, counterfet, phony cod artifice allman “not rea” aqHcial đều nghĩa lä "hông thật" ĐI Ce u fake, flee, counterfeit, phony, «2 Put the words below under the correct ee tah day wo ding ew di Ban c6 heading You may use the same word thf si dung cing mt He hom mgt Ide rave the ones

ma đamonkc money

H & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 19

B Add your own words under cảnh - Thêm từ củ riễng lon vào dư mỗi tu heading, You can start a new heeding 44 Bạn sỹ th lập một tiểu để nói

1, amangament order copy 3 aproduct a formof matter abasic

2, steal compound eoumeroit substance

Science Reading (3) Bài đọc về chủ để khoa học (8)

ed the following pasap "h natalie fe by that mows in an tsb larger ‘dog vs body, Ox mon

ca « sve of Earth Barth and th sur Those vy laa! saaliee, The Earth bạc mang aril sees to eight stor planets are saeiter othe Hest artical stelle ee wed tr teen mổ cemmariralmn Cmmuniaton atlas have had oo prenestefect on oor daly Live

‘They we made aeeble re ro amiticneơn brsdeasb eased meted Gr word “A commureaton satelite ke 2 big mirorfor radian tlvisinsigaala

‘Atleviion alga sot rom Sapam high into space and tae communica

fatale Tt bounces off the sntelite and i directa toward the United Sate,

‘or its picked sp by tlevison stations and elayed to milion o viewers tie

EXERCISE 1 Working Out the Meaning Find the words n the passage, Tw fo guess {he rpening ofthe words fram the passage

‘Che the correct ansser,

1 satelite

a a body that moves

1 a body that moves around a larger body

2, an obit

2 a planet a path

3 Ihe

2 seen as it happens

be recorded EXERCISE 2 One word or word phrase in each group does nat belong Find the word

1 cary around rely it transmit

2, brondcast space viewers television

EXERCISE 3 Dictionsry Work The following words indicate “paths”

Choose the approreate wond to complete the sentences

BAT TAP 1 Dosn nghĩa

5 bounces aff

a passes by ' springs bak fram

3 planet televsion satelite earth

4 orbit cersnicication radio television

BÀI TẬP 3 Tài tập tra từ điển Cie tie sai đây biểu thị "lố, dưỡng ái chuyên", Chơn từ ích hợp để hoàn tất ch

1 The hunter followed the animals

2 The satelite went cut of ts

3 Ar the hood, the

Listas many synonyms af transmit and of Lập nh sich căng niểu đồng nghĩa với

{sentra pick up s3 0 tạ), theremt à gi nga tối pAk sọ rồng

‘it Synonyms Antonyms Synonyms Antonyms

1 temsHE — pick Án —= up 4

Se ee ees ht Reading on Literature Bai đọc về chủ để văn học ead the (allowing passage Đọc đạn văn du đây

‘The thrae major Fypos of pootry are narrate, lyric, and dramatic Narrative poetry lulls a story, Tt includes eple pooms, which are lang tales or stories usually taken from history, or legends about bravo or heroic acts

‘The ballad is another kind of narrative poem Ttis shorter and is often sung

Lyric poetry talla the poet's own feelings and thoughts Lyric pooms were once sung to the masieal accompaniment of « stringed instrument called a lyre, after which the poetry was named

Drainalie pootry hea characters who tell a story through dialogue, just as

‘play does Some playe, such as those of Shakepeace, are written almost antively

Gree the comet ansier ron cf od Bi ing

4 herole

2 sornathing from history

bi something brave

29 - H& H TORRL - VOCABULARY

Look phe wonk:below ad then gomgkle —_ Tre từ đi các từ sư đấy tà sơ đồ hoỳ

9 dhronidle vere dialogue prose a munsery rhyme

1 A long sory full of brave actions is

2 A person whe urites pose i

3 A story or rel events aver a period of time inthe order in which they happens s

4 A short sory that is often sung — — — poem

5 Shakespeare's pliys ave writen in _—,

5 Writer language, not poetry, 28 in bocks or newspapers I call

7 Aword or ine which eras with the same sound as anaber ae in “dey” and "way" s 8) A shout weibknaun song or poem for young clude is

9 A long speech or poem spelen by one person is

30 A uviton eorwersation na book or ply is —

‘One word in each group doas not belong Find the word MBE trong mi whee Hew cc từ cân

i Lag it ab

A story tle anecdote abridgemant

2 fearkss etoic accomplished brave

3 personage figure accompaniment character

4 legend fale History muah

Road the following passoge, "Đúc đoạn văn su đấy

‘Ancient peoples often baile cities on tap of older decayed ones, Many layers, called strata made at different timce may be in ene site, underneath each, ther Archeologista very carefully dig down through the layers, keeping aceurate records all the while It is important that archeologists record exactly where an object was found, and what other objects ware found near it, in order to know the context of a find Then they can build a sequence of evente in the correct onder, If single object is removed, thia valuable evidence of tho order in whieh objects were buried will be destroyed,

4H & HI TOUFL - VOCABULARY - 23

‘Archeologiets seek the help of other experts to discover all they ean about

‘an object Botanists identify plants from which preserved pollen grains or seeds originally came Zoologiata can do the same from animal remains

Find the words in the pacsage Try to guess Tn oie sau trong dovn sn CỔ đan the mearing ofthe words from the passoge, nigh những ti nay tt dog vn Khownh Cirle the corect answer tram eu tk 1 ding

Look up the words below Then match the Tra ti didn ofc tt dui diy, Saw đố ghép swords in Column A vith the group they are đứng tưổ cột Á wl ding nhém Iidn hé ve connected to in Column B Yeu may we chúng ở cột B, Hơn c thé ding mtv hơi

6 residual 1 old times, objets

& woter

24 - M & H TOERL - VOCABULARY

EXERCISE 3

‘Synonyms and Antonyms

st as many synonyms of cccurate and of {ts antorym Incorrect as you can

3 EXERCISE 4 One ord in each group does not belong, Find the word

BÀI TẬP 3 Đồng nghĩa vÀ phản nghta 1Ap denh sách công nhu từ đÌng nghĩa sôi accurate tử phân mghữi mới incorrect công li:

Mg từ trong mỗi nhôm Hic tồi các cồn

lí Hay ti

4 scene point botanist

BÀI TẬP 5 Decay vi Rot

To rot = lo decay only for organke matter (ving things

Ps the folowing words under the correct it cc tit sw dy to dub ding itu

EXERCISE 6 BAL TAP 6 Preserve

We can preserve things in many ways Car

‘yu add tothe st below ?

rte ~ to remove water fromm

Ta cổ tể bảo quản đễ tội bằng nhiều ch

Bg cb thE thé vo dan sich dui diy Mông ?

Hi & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 25

‘Sample TOEFL Tests Bài kiểm tra TOEFL mẫu

The fellowing three passages are similar Ba đoạn vân su dây tương tự nhự các bài

to those found in the Keading Section of rung phẩn Đọc Hiểu của TOEFL the TOBEL test

‘Anna Mary Robertson Moses, known az "Grandma" Moses, began to paint

in 1998 at the age of 78, after giving up embroidery dus to an arthritie condition,

‘Two years tater her frst exhibition was hold and this 80-year-old set-taught artist exporionced sudden and dramatic success, Mates had epent her life first

4 a hired gir) and later as the wife of a farmer, and her paintings reflected the pesce and simplicity ofthe country life she had always known Scenes such

as harvesting, collecting sap for maple eyrup, county fairs and landscapes in al seasons from snow-covered villages to aummar fields, wore the pleasant subjects she chose for her work

‘People were attracted to Moses! appealing subjects and her renditions of the seasons and landscapes of her native New York State, However they wore juse ay moved by the story of this gited octogenarian who with no format teaining went from complete obscurity to world fame in a handfl of years, and

‘sho opened vp for thom a rustle world of tranquility and simple pleasure they yearned ta enjoy,

1 Which ofthe folowing words could best be autitute for “elected” ?

2 The werd “renitlons" could best be replaced ty hich ofthe fllowing ?

S3, The word “octogenavian” could best be replaced by which of the folowing ? (A) Person i his seventies (6) Person in his nineties (G) Person in his egies (D) Porson who has eight talent

4, The word “obscnty” could best be replaced by ubich ofthe fami? (A) Uncertainty

B) Incomprehenstiy

5 Which ofthe folowing words could best be subsite for “rustle”?

36 - H& H TORFL - VOCARLLARY

6 The word "yearned" could best be replaced by which ofthe folowing ?

Look a the fllouing prefines "Hãy nhìn các tếp đâu ngữ s đây

lumi, mono- one duo, bl =a tri tee

‘quad quart four pent qui the sex sk

A Use your dictionary to complete the Dug tr didn dé hain tt cic ctu du diy, sentences below using the prefixes sửdựng cúc HP dẫu ngữứ Đậu

above

1, A lag with three colors is a tha

2 Five cadre bom al the seme He are ——.,

3 A biojcle wh one hen Em One hundred years i 8

5 A shape uth five sides is 6A parson who i his / her ses is 2

7 A ten event athletic contest s called

83 Something with one unvaried sour is

9 A magazine thet appears fee a month is

10 To make something'four times 9s greats

B Wile one other word that can be made VEE mg eae 8 the due tao tan bag with each of the profes above mi tiếp âu ngữ drt

In the brutal high-detert environment of California's White Mountains, the bristlocone pines, their bare and twisted frames Jooking more dead than alive, preside over an eerie vackeatrewn landrcape Capable of enduring bitter cold, Seaseless wind and extrenw drought, the brietlesnes are the oldest living things on earth, enduring for more than 4,000 years In many eases, much of the tree's wood is dead, but ive branches persistently grow from trunks and limbs Ironically, forall their ability to exist under such harck conditions, the bristoeone pine could not exist in another environment, having lost its ability

ta produce hardicr strains that could compete with other troes and vegetation

Tin all probability, these trae will never exlend their range, and are ossentially

at the end of their evolutionary development,

1 Which ofthe following words could est be substituted for “ere ?

4, The word `periekedly"could be be replzsd bự aide of the flowing ?

5, The word” strains” could best be replaced ty uth ofthe folowing ?

‘The word “vockstrewm’ & conpoond Từ Toi-shesm" là mội thờ từkếp Các từ

‘adjective What other compounds (oounsand hếp nào Kile (dank Hit vite Wet bo adjectives) can you make with the Words ined hf Wye thin vt nhing tie in die? bold pent ? EXAMPLE

Rock

Make as many compound nouns and Tạo cùng nhiễu dank fe wh th Kêp 3 The word "epileenized” could best be replaced by which of the following ?

aejectes as pose wth the words - cũng HP ni dác lừ “environment” và (A) Typed (B Systmiad

Enetronment Tandseupe sp Environment et Landse nề 4 The word "lick" could best be replaced (A) Smooth bự which of the leluing 2 TP Goay ng

= SSS = SS 5 Which of the folening words could best be aubstuted for "profoundly" ?

6, The word "contemporary" coud best he repliced by which ofthe flowing ?

Dy Presentcy [Art se a weflection of human socal history is clearly illtrated in the Pop

Aare style of the 1960s, In the post ~World War I yeare, Americans were EXERCISE 2 ĐI TẬP 2

Haunted With inert goth om cnt, to ish Tum The A Which ofthe floming won are NOT hing 1 no sau ddy KHONG te qu

Surouedthemenves ware pat modern er eplomiaad by TV rane, imbled oat 7 Lock up the word 26 ght th ? Ts ety tog

slick ragazines, fast food and air-conditioned cars Dramatic cultural changes ayedckektwooatipiabod - đỨM im tụ dc/U khi Bột gan lển

@sarred in American life, which profoundly affected American painting, in Impressionism

‘The ever-multiplying images of the new consumer socioty became the subjects —— 2& Shien

Lichenstoin, Claes Oldenburg, and Jamos Rosenquist, These artists not only T= 4 Catborsierous used standardized, mass-produwed goeds as the subjects of thoir paintings but

tame a close as they could to the coatsinors in which these producta were packaged Andy Warhol's One Hundred Campbell's Soup Cans (1962), Roy 'B, Whar are the other words related 07

Lichtenstein's Whaam (1963), and James Rosenguist’ F-211 (1965) are examples EXERCISE 3

of the artists’ use of ordinary objeta, prosented as they appear, an subjects for Give antonyms for these words painting, In doing so, these Pop artista were presenting a “new realism,” oF 1 trundated

1, ‘The word “reflection” coud best be replaced by wich of the flloing ?

2 Which ofthe folseing words could best be subsite for hundate” ?

ag et, chipenon

Giới thiệu Một cách làm giàu vốn từ nữa là qua việc học các lờ cổ nghĩa tương bự theo chủ

AE Vida, ta chon dB ti "Các loại ánh sáng”, ta sẽ thấy là có nhiêu tử có nghĩa ]a “hiếu sảng” nhưng mỗi tử lại họt khác về cường độ và cách đăng, Từ "gliden" cổ

“gia là "sRine”, nhưng lại thường đùng hàn hệ với những vật ướt, trong khi tử 'weinMe” lại hàm, ý là ánh sảng không tổa đâu và thưởng dàng để chỉ các vi sao hay, dảnh mắt cơn ngư

“rong phẳn này cổ các chủ đề khác nhau với bài tấp đi cùng, Vì cuốn sích này, chí sẽ thể trình bày một sổ chủ đÊ mà thôi, nên để nghị bạn nàn tự lập các chủ để tiềng của mình, sở đụng tử điển, để Hiếp tục làm giàu thêm vốn từ,

Read the following passage Đọc đoạn văn su đây

“The pecan was highly regarded as a wild aut tree by the settlers in what are now the border states to Maxico and the upper South of the United States

‘Today, they are grown chiefly ia Geangia and Alabama where they are harvested from wild and seedling trees They are also grown in Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma Thore is little growing of the pecan outside the United Stata, although

‘thas been suocessfully introduced to Australia and China

H & H TOEFL VOCABULARY - 31

"The pecan has an outa leathery husk that eplite opin whon mature to reves!

sn inner shell that surrounds the to kernels, Hurvest it by picking the nuts from fallon fruits Sometimes the fruits ure knocked stom the troos with long roles, but since a mature pocsn tree ia so lange, mechanical harvesting is not possible, The nuts are dried for a few weeks, and they are ready far enting without roasting oF other treatment

Work wit.» psriner wih a group, or alone Lime nie thee cp an nhóm, lay một mình

tw answer the fllowing questions Wee or để bể lồi cca hb sa diy Viế hay a

1 Who regarded the pcan highly?

‘Task What words do gan lutow lor people Ising in country ? Axe these people setts ? Give reasons,

2 Whol kinds of tas ave pecans harvested from ? Task What do plans grou fram? Describe the eof pant

3 What dows ø pecan mut have om the outside ? Task What other fle br nuts da you krous that have a dry outer el Wot surounds the tuo kernels ?

[Name tne things ac have shuls, What fats oF rs have on inside part or kend 7

ead the [elou90g corhsrsae, pc bat dor thot sa dy Tom Bley 1d tke yous to ret my rend, Sanja, She's an immigrant from Russn

Belly 1m pleas to meet you, Sonia As you know, Ima eoleague af Tom's Sonja: Oh yes Tam has told ane 29 much about you

ety Are you enjovag Southern Califoriie?

‘Sonja: Yes, cory much As a matter offal, heodh fect khe a mative I've even Tearied ta su Betty» Wonderful) Bol what i that yout eating ? It castinly iar a Calforna orange Sonia > Na t's @ pomegranate, Wot you te te one?

Betly: Why, ves, thank you Sonja You can't eat the tind, notrally just the leh around the seeds It's very sweat I'm sure yout Eke enty Thank you, Sonja, That's very nee of youn rem, 1 bring you some blooms fom my rose garden, Song © Thank you, Je tke tha Tias be golng nowy, See you lam, 32-1 & HYOERL - VOCABULARY

lore wih 2 partner, vil group or alone Lye ni ako to nhóm, bự một màuh

1 ere the follwing questions “4E lại các câu hỗi sau đây,

1 Is Sanja tourist from Russia?

‘Taek What do you think is the difference between a tourist and an inanlgant

2, How does Betty know Torn?

‘Taal What other words for frends do yon tow ?

3 Hw does Sonja feel about fing in Southen Califoria ? Task What typical af naive of your cay ? Name soe native ruls or plank of

our county

41 What can you are cant you gat on a pomegranate 7 Tas Name soe other frais with a rind, flesh, and seeds

5, What wil Hery bring Sonja?

‘Tack Name three plants with blooms Phương pháp học

+ Các mục l xưng mái được học hay nhất 1š cũng với một nhóm từ liên hệ đến muội chủ để Ta để biểu và oki tic “bud!” han khí nổ được đặt trong mối lide he Với một thực vật sẽ lá, bởi vũ ban sẻ thế phân biệt mủ vớ HF “blossom vÀ "sediing”

Hoe nhự vậy hay hơn là học những từ này ring bit + Bạn củ Hhế biết hay hân rà vật lử trong mỗi chủ để, Piêu này giúp bạn nhớ

“những từ mới mã bạn không biết + Vặt lữ có cũng nghĩa chung nhưng lại hớ khác vỀ nghìa riêng và cách sử dụng Vid, ti "to sparkle” vB "to glow" đều cổ nghĩa chúng là "lo xhine" nhưng nghị

công củn chúng lại het khác nhau "To sparkle" có nghĩa là sống tong lánh, trong Lehi “to gletế” ố nghĩa là săng dịu, Tx dùng cc từ liên quan để nhớ sự khác biệt

về nghĩa, VỊ dụ, parle" diarmends im cương), glass (kink, water (utc)

‘low’ = soft £nh lứa địu), warm ight of a Ree (ẩm cứng) + Ghép các tử mới vớ một L cơ bần bạn dã biết rồi, Lập các chủ để của riêng bạn, Sau đãy là vãi gợi ổ© song and 1nokang (Hhẩy và nh], ough and not ough (hố V3 không thái, guud and mol good (6t và không tối, daerage and destroy (hư bại

1 inhabitant ~ a person ar animal thot lives in ane place, usually @ cuumry oF z region for avery tong time,

H AH TOBPL - VOCABULARY - 33

The only human inhablans ofthe Col det te sme nomad tba

2 dweller =» pero oimal ai Wes ina med lace auch a of, re, oF

Ex ost city dwellers get uscd to the high levels of noise

4 aiden» pero ov sia at Ure ina pce, ually # Nout but not 4 Shor se uae fora jeson what Peony n parc COUN rat, a Moa ofthe residents ofthis ihr pat ter crs.on the set

4 ploncer’= «person wha ne of tft to oe to a ike dato ‘Ptaowea oy other, A person wha th sw acne ome which pent the vay cers To, Tắc Wugl bien ve poner ia ain,

5, native el of person pnt anal nn ou fr the lage 8 ign En The Kinh hen a atv of Ansan

6, settee person whet oe of Ihe at of oouy te at thế ro dwn in see eat Tr The Et eles Areca were the Pgs who cone ton England

7 elo =n porn wa sone of» roe of ser om he sre nur 6 te th tol tt sane funy

i The ely clos acd many andi Ss ne ad

& Renigenl= s ptoơn nho come la cơn nuàe new hae there, The fiat ian are cal tr

Er Aleandr Gram Blythe tvs o th phon, at 2n mg who Cart Americ hơn Sen

Circle Tithe sentence s TRUE are Fifth Khoo tron T yếu củu đững sự Hột nử F

1 A ploneer usually les in a hotel or @ house TOE

2 The aborigines, a group of people who alvays lived in Astral TOE inanigrants to Austra,

3, A mative Callomian 1s a person who was bon la Caifomls Tự

4 A calonst ie pesson who Ives mn a eae oF ee uae

5, Cave duelers ote usually called colonists TOF

6 A resident fea person who comes to a naw county wo sete nding TF rere

7 The mos conmanly hncm iohabtant ofthe North Pole ts the polar FF bạn

Europes tellsrs caroe lo te in America sn the 17th century TOF 3d 1 HE YORHL - VOCABULARY

Complete the sentences with the corect Hale ut ele clu seu Bp cfu tri ding

1 The Dutch tho wert and hed in South Afi were _

2 The orangutan, a large ape is 2 cof Sumatra and Borneo,

3 Lavi Strauss, the man wha invented be ears, sas to the United States tim Gatmang

4, The naive American Indians helped the ml from England to survive ia

ne ae residents by innbitants «sellers

5, Dinceaurs were one of che fist _ ofthe earth

a inmiegrants by sits «residents

cố, AI _ of the hotel were exacunted when the fre So

2 Cave loft drauangs onthe walls af their canes

8 Yun Goganin was a sn space rave

1 3 seedling = a tiny young plant which has just grow from 2 seed

Ex, len days after the seeds were planted, the ssedlings appeared

2 a sprout = ä new growth from a plant, expecially 2 vegetable

Ex These onions must be old, they have sprouts on them

H & #1 TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 35

3, 8 shoot = a new growth from a plant or a new branch of a tee

ex After the rose bush was eut back, new shoots stated to grav

4, a bud = a Flower which bas not yet opened or the beginnings of a leat

x When you buy roses they are usually Duds

5 to blostors = & Mosier, usually wsed for Frit trees

Ex, in the spring, the cherry tees blossom,

46 40 bloom or to be in bloom = to have flowers wr to be in Howes,

Ex ‘he park is beautiful with the roses in bloom

7, to will = to become less fresh or weak, or'to Tose strength,

x ln hot weathar most flowers start to wilt because they need water

8 to doop = t9 hang downwards

Fk Th was sad ter see the sunFowers drooping towards the ground

8 to wither - to start fo dey up and / or become smaller in size,

Ex Because there had been na tain for 4 year, the fruit gm the trove started to wilt

beainicy of plas ie đầu của đời sống thế tật

a

Complete the sentences with the corract —- Bản tất cúc cũư su Bằng cầu tể li đúng

1 Wier the onsnge tees are thor i a sweet fragrance in the ai

a blooming ——_b, Nossoming withering

2 ‘The roses [eft inthe car yestoday started 10 after a eaopie of ats in the fat

3 That tee has rot grown very much in years, but tis year there isa new coming out

4 Alor you plant your seeds, don't forget to water them every day oF you weet see

36c & TORR - VOCABULARY

5 The heads of the fowots were aller two weeks without water

6 SE you keep potatoes ina warm and damp place they all gr

7 The hillock golden when the gold poppies are in

8 The in gota strange disease and the grapes tarad 10

9, When we got the plant, we did't know thatthe would open into such

‘beaut blooms

€ Parts of a Fruit or Nut Các bộ phận của một quả hay hạt

lea fea, ái

vata

1 the seed / stone / pit = the small hard part of 9 fruit that can grow into a small plant

[Ee Cherries have hard seeds / stones / pits,

2 the pip = the small seed of fruit, usually of apples, oranges, lemons, ee Ít sometimes ased instead of "pt “seed,” or “stone:

‘Ex When you make orange juice be aure to take the pips oul

3 the Kemel = the inside part of a fruit stone, 4 mt, or wheat It also means the Important or central part of something

Ex, The pistachio nut has a delicious green Kernel

A the peal = the cmter covering of a fewit stich a8 on oranges or apps

Tp Yow conmot ext a banana with its peel on,

5 the snd = the outer covering of cevtata (rults like oranges, lemons, ar melons

Er Orange sind and lemon rind are often candied of used in marinalade,

6 the skin = the general word for the outer covering of 4 Tai such as the peel the find, the husk

Ex TT you put tomatoes in belling water, the skin will come off more easily

H.& H TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 37

7 the husk = the dry outer cavering of 2 fru, nul o grain,

Ex You remove the husk from corn before eating i

16 the flesh = the soft substance of «fruit

Ee The peach has a soft yellowish flesh,

9 the shell » the hard outer covering, of frult, nut, oF oR

Ex, Most common nuts like hazelnuts, almonds, and walnuts have shells

(Circle Tithe santonce Is THO and Fi the Khanh tr T nếu cấu đúng sự tật nà T

1 The shal isthe outer covering of an apple T Be

4 The peal is the cuter covering of apples oF pens TOF

5, The husk s the dry, outer covering of grain Tk {6 The rind Is che outer covering ol cats ful such as ranges and TF Jemons

7 Flesh is the sof, icy substance of frat i oF

8 The kernal the most important part af an apple TOF

Complete the sentences with the correct Hole ott ce otu sau bing ct rd ing

1 The _ isthe pat that can become a new plat

2 Aller taking the curr cower of the corn we were surcunded by a ple of

3 Some watermelons have a mitim

4 Plume have har

5 The of the avocod is oy and rich,

6 Lemon ' len used in cakes

7 The ofan egg i ot good to eat

BA brown colten shows that a pice of It is ad

Test on Living Things Bài kiểm tra về sinh vật Directions » Choose the answer that could Hung din : Chon cửu tả Bi cổ thé thay best replace the underlined word or plrase cho fi gích đế chính vác nh: mà khống without changing the meaning of the thay dit ghia cia fie

‘A coconut pals Bossom is the main ingredient in several soft and alcoholic drinks

European cave dusters depicted herds of mammoths with humps on their backs (Ajinhabtans —_ (B] tmmgrads (Chices Dh skins

‘Young neti shoals have been used as food for along time

‘A corn kernel should have atleast 14 percent water so that it can pop under het

{By 1830, the lire of land had dawn increasing numbers of pioneers westward (A) dullrs (8) competitors (C)setiers (Dìalier

There was an old superstition that a sage plant wil draop if its owner is unwel (ped off (B) shoot up {Cy hang down (D) dey up

‘The breadfnit i round frat wth 9 rough tnd, and a sft pulpy inside

Frederick W Taylor was the ploneer of scientific management

(A) immigrant (B) inventor (Cfo (Dhan Alter the fest year at Pymouth in 1620-21, hall the eolalats ded (A) companions (3) enemies (C) setters (D) foes

‘The alond, naive tothe Mediteransan, grows abundantly in California (Alsdalwe—— (Blpioneer (Cledghal- (DJummgant

‘When picking tao leaves, the bud and the two or three leaves below it are removed

Wold seeding (By husk (Cred (Dy new leal

“The cocoa tees bear football-shaped fs with ø bus

Ht @ H TOEFL VOCABULARY - 39)

cuapter3 Theme Grouping :

Time and Space

Read the following passage

Tn the United States, the Great Plains rogion has frequontly been subject to periodie drought As long

‘as the plains were covered with short jase, the dry spells did little damage, But in 1889, the number of

8 few theusand to 60,000, and more and more acres of protective grass were plowed to make room for crops This took place during a period af sbandant rainfall, and by 1900, the rich fertile oils of Oklahoma supparted $80,000 poople Thea in

1924 there was a prolonged deought Vast stretches of grassland and crops lay scorched und the parched topsoil of Oklahoma was blown away by the wind The skios darkened as clouds of dust, thousands of fet across, arose from the baked land Formerly fertile soil was blown away as far as the Atlantic Ooean, The Grent Plains had turned into dust Henceforth, the area was given the name the Dutt Bowl Over a milion people with nothing left of their homes and farms migrated from Oklahoma and Arkansas to the West Const

‘Wor with a partner, with a group, or sone Lâm tiệc Ho dấp, eo nhóm, hay một mình

to answer the fllowing questions, “để tr lời những cửu hồi se

1 How often has the Great Plains region been suject to periaic drought ?

‘Task How olten do you get droughts in your county ?

2 What happened to the grassland and crops in the prolonged drought of 1924 2

‘Teak What other things can be “scorched ?

40 & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY

3 Wlal uøs the topsoi ke đưing the drought of 1924 2

‘Teak What is tho diflererse between Ite words parched” and “baked” ?

4 What was th sal He belare uss Haw away?

Test Gwe anather wo ich s sinler ì meaning (2: 'Temmeth:”

5 Wihat name was gen tothe arg eer the disaster?

‘Tie Which word in the passage tellus “trom that time on”? Fr tee adjectives ta the passes that are related to “heat and dryness.”

Road the fllouing eorwersation pc bi dor thant saw ty [Moc : ele drat you'te golng on a camera safae in East Altea ?

Yes, it's, trove tò Aies Frequently

1 điễnt knows that Do your trips requte a lt of preperation prior te

sSeperune ? duc ‘Oh yes, but it's well worth NNormon Where ull yas be staying ? she {stay afew days in Natt, shen I sao forthe Nether: Frontier

District Eventually, [U ranke my vy to Southwestern Kenya and Mount learn,

Norman: it sounds excing, What ull the weather be ike?

Jule For the most part at should be balmy 25 T': going a the end of the

rainy season, However, conditions il eften depend upon here Tam a the line

DNormnan You mean tbe different fram one phhoetosaslher?

die ‘Oh, yes For example, the savannas, pls, wil be arid ard the heat

2osolutely scorching vn some days, while on Kulmanire t với be que chilly, Meanwhile on the coast Noind the weather wil be sultry and

‘he ale humid

Norman Tall me about the animals

be Thev're magnificent 1 the Rife Vly, as far as the eve can see, the lan

jsf, the grass parched, and there are immense herds of animals obens, cetis, and gaelles AC nuit, one can hear the hyenas and the

‘oceasfonal rear of alan

Norman: It scunds wonderful ard hope I get t0 goto Alco sured | duc ‘Well, sf you realy want to, hen eventually you will Im sure af i

1 W TOTAL - VOCABULARY - 41

\Woek wth a partner vath a group, or alone Lam tiệc eo dịp eo Hàm, la

te answer the fllowing questions, đế trả oe il sa,

1 How often does Jie travel to Aficn 2 Tes What i the opposite of "Ieequetl”? What ther adverbs of time do you kw?

2, When does she prepare for her trips ? Tanke Whal does "prior to" ana ? What the opposte of "plot?

3, What is ber final destination ?

“Taek What dose “eventual” mean ?

4, What wal the weather be lke forthe most part ?

‘Task Give exarmpas of tw places and he times when the weather Is "aly"

mgt mink

5 Whal will the savsrnas, or pis, be Tike 7 Tack Givamuo examples of areas inthe work that are “sid”

6 What us he heat be tke nthe plains ?

‘Task Give examples of 40 places and the times whan the heat i scorching"

7 What val the weather be Ike on Kilmanlaro ?

‘Task Name fo places and the times when the weather “chil”

What is the weather ike on the cant af Malin?

Task Nome fp eres m the word wl tis kind of weather

8 What isthe grass lke inthe ft Rift Valley

‘Task Gwe an example of something tat is "parched

A, Adverbs of Time Trạng từ chỉ thời Sometimes ¬ ssenualy

1, sometimes = not allways, now and then

Ex We sametimes go to the movies on weekends

2, occasionally ~ frum time to time but nat regulatly or frequently

Er Loccasionally see a famous face at the opera

3 frequently = repeated many times, especially at short intervals,

Ex T nhat be geHing giả T frequently forget where 1am

4 formerly = in earlier times

Ex, The museum was formerly the house of the mayor

previously = coming befote (in time ar ord)

Ex Had you proviausly taken the test hofare yers carne to the United States 7

42 HI TOEFL - VOCABULARY

6 pder le = (lomal adv phrase) before

Ex Na information was available prioe to that date

2 eventually = at last, ultimately, affer 2 Tang time

Ex He eventually passed his drivers test after taking it eight times

8 henceforth = from this time forward

ex, The committee hes decided that Nenceforth a special test will have to be taker

by new students,

9 simultaneously = happening at the same time

Ex, The lea events that were of interest fo me were being shown sltanéously

television

10 aveanvhile ~ at the same time,

Ex, Some people are dying of hunger; meanwhile others are throwing away food

they don't cat

(Gice Taf the sentence ie TRUE andl Fifthe —— Kháoth đi T nếu cấu đứng sự tội rẻ T

7 Meamala maans at more or Jess the some tin TOE

8 Presdcshy means coming after in time o¥ ander TOF

Complete the sentences with the corect Hla tlt cc ou sau bing cis trl dng

1 His winter he wrth; _ i summer in the south formerly b, meanile © rewently

2 Mee Smith was Miss Jones

a meanwhile b, formerly sometimes

3 eating tht ship 1 et ie, Pri to bi Henceforth Mearshile

4 the was an exeoutive bul row he works i a gos sation

a Previoudly ——b, Sometimes Frequently

5, We se each other ‘ut not afte, s-sweluglg—— b lemedy 2 tometimee

6 The town of Blob has changed its name and will ‘be known a bs, a.froquenty—b henceforth eventually

H&M TOEFL VOCABULARY - 48

7 mo fnget go nming as —_ a sd to

2 eemplg ` b teeaal formerly

8 Alter ooking fran ho he found her pase

` ¬ eventual

sĩ dại th bạ mexe sen | et chicken x.zmlmuenlb, b mnnuidle oneal

10 Theo Re tresetĐheme — wsemeimer - boảnlaneeuly — © em

B Dry and Not Dry Khô và không khô

saturated Gg louie) immersed đấm chìm

| asi = having litle oF no moisture, usually used for areas of land

Fx Man areas of the aculhwaslern United States are arid and desert like,

2 parched ~ excessively dry ard crackod through heat or drought

Fx Att five yeaes with no rainfall, the farmland was parched

3 desicented = completely dzy; without any moisture Tt ie wally sald of animal and vegetable products that ate dried and preserved

Ee Sometimes using desiccated herbs when cooking is more convenient

4 Baked = when hat and dryness caine something to cook and Become hard

Ex The houses were built of baked md bricks

5 damp ~ not dry, but having a sight amount of moist

Fr Fabris tke linen are usually ironed while damp

6 moist =a litle wet: itis offen used for food

Ex The roast turkey was tasty and moist

7, umd = having moisture, usually in watm ai; i is often unpleasant

Fs Humid alr may be good for plate but is very disogreeable for humans

8 saturated = completely wet or Billed to the point Ht cannot take any more

Ex, His clothes were completely saturated with rain,

9 soaked = left in a Liguid 50 Wat the moisture is absorbed

Ex, Soak the beans in water before you cook thee,

10, immersed = completely covered in liquid or tobe completely occupied in something

Ex, He was immersed in his work and did not even ee me

44H ae H TOEFL VOCABULARY

Circle Ti the sentence i TRUE orl Ff the —— Khomb tồn T nếu cấu đứng sự thit ob F

1 Animal and vegetable products dried out to be presened are desiccated TF

2 something racks for lack of water it pated TOF

5 Tobe lmmarsed is to be totally covered by uid TOE

6 Moist is wet enaugh thạt thọ Tạdđ can he seen T OF

Complete the sentences wath the correct Hob HỮ cúc dR sau bằng cấu bà Hi đóng,

AL After three days with no wile his ips were

2 Camels stone lạ ta thay hienpt so travel in lon

là Belore the thundetsiorrs, the air we very

1A itor twsoy muses nthe dryer, my socks ware stil

5 She _ the bolle to remnow the label

6 Alter 2 week ol new information, hs bain was

17 Aer two months of burning sun the plonis weve complealy

Shay the bread in aot oven,

93, She was cpt eying it har eyes were

scoring = 50 hot that it burns the sueface making it change its color

Ge The scorching heat had tuzned the grazs brown, Sizzling = extremely hat Sizzling alsa refer to the sound of food frying over a

"

Ex There scoms to be a spell of sizling weather every summer in the southern weltering = very hot and uncomfortable causing one to sweat

Ex It's dilfcult to exorcise in the swallering heat of the jungle

4 sultry = 4 hot and moist type uf wenther with no breeze

Ex In the sultry days of Angust, everyane turas cin # fan or air conditioning for set

5 stuffy = having alr which is not es

Fx Ceowied with students and svth neo windows open, the classroom felt very chu:

6 balmy = 2 sof, pleasant refreshing type of air often with aromatic smells rom

Ee We had brealdast inthe gaeden on that balay sping morning,

7 mild = neither tao hat nor 490 cal

Ex Winters are usually mild on the wsland because of the oxcan current

A chilly = cold enough to make one shiver a litle

Fx The early mornings were quite chilly inthe mounts

9 frigid = intense cold with continuous tow temperatures below 32°F,

Ex Ihe North and South potes have a [rig luaate

10 freezing = very cold, ey weather

Ex The freezing temperatures in spring damaged the orange tees,

46 - W.& 8 TOEFL - VOCABULARY

(Gace Tif the sentence is TRUE and Fifthe Khoon tr T nếu củư đứng sự tật tà F

‘Complete the sentences with the comeeL Hàn Hi các cấu sư bồng cửu tr lại dng

1 was othe neat freezer

2 Tropical countries general have» —

3 war too cold for my ear to start in the weather

a Keeing ——_b scorching c duy

4 The food was 50 hot i was stil when it reached vs

5, The lempsralue was neither too hot nor toe old

6, With no airconditioning it was _in my ea

7 The eal from the fre raed my boots

8, In the evening ean be enough for a jacket

9, ‘Afar a hot day, the evening cooled to temporatue,

110 With twenty people inthe small room, the ai was ——_

H & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 47

Test on Time and Space Bài kiểm tra về thời gian và

không gian Choose the aisuer that could best replace Cg ota tr li ổ thể Hay cho từ uy cụm the undelnad word or phrase wathout - từ gạch chối chnh xic nhất mã không Huy changing the meacing ofthe sentence Hi nghĩa của cũ

1 Chlorotonn wes sieulianssusy imented bythe American Samuel Guthrie and the German Justis Liebig in 180

(At row and tiến (Chat the same tme {Bh in ear tines {O) de by tle

2 Ih 1864 George Puilman designal a Jesgind ca that eusntually sw widespread use

{previously 8l ưmandy ẤCJfemliwly- (D)smulaneoud

3 Freshwater turles can sure In fid waters for three months without oxygen

(Ab bairy ‘Bj sully {C)freesing —D) sweltering

4, Brea World Worl 20 percent of American homes had elatiity

5 The flowenng pabbie sa plant that looks lke a stone and grou in ad areas

6 The machad landsespe of sl as len used to breaks world land speed records,

7 Breslow the econamy ofthe Urited States was agrarian A) Formerly IHOeasonady (CLFxentualy Frequently

8 Coconuts ae often use in desecatd fore in baking,

9 The treadint does well in hat and lumidcimates

10 Eanmetly 2 palace the Louvre was made a veseum ater ty Fn Revelition 18) Hencelorin 1B) Eventually (} Previously (D) Frequently

11 Thy weter table hes a level called the zone of saturation,

48 - H&M TOEFL - VOCABULARY

trúc bơn là việc gập WY nào học từ nấy, khơng theo một

<§u trúc nhất định Nĩ căng giúp la cĩ manh mới đận - chekamt overdue nace nnghla ta Khdng biet Vidy khí - TPVĐSCVỂ reference gs Blog hen muon loge thy ft "Eheek ou” dt faite

chủ để "Hy", bạn sẽ biết

Tổ là việc gì H6 bạn lâm khí ở tong thứ viên

Read the flowing vorwersation Đọc bi dt thot sax dy Lise: My goodrass, Carol, hal are you doing at the Lbcary 30 late?

Carcl Tm doing sesoarch for my frm pape Lisa: What course ft for ?

(Carol Ineducten ta Psychology Lise: Whe!s your professor?

Carol: Dx Kew i teaching the course Use) Throw ber Vamtnded enne of her vemtinars last month, Carol: Ready ? Wes it offered here ont carapus ?

Lise: Yes, Las held n th auditorium, Carol) id you Ike a?

Lisa Qh, very euch As a mater of fac, I thought her lectures weve sy interesting thal I've registered for one of her classes next semester Coral: That's tev tink she's @ good instructor, 09,

Lisa: ểbofle li yeu get hack to work naw When is your assignment due?

(Carol + Ms due tornonow aflerican and I've sil got to more resources fo find before the tray clases

H & H TOERL - VOCABULARY 49

lise | —Lwish Hnuld help you, tut | have fo gel back fo the dorm and start studing

for my history tal Carol = Thamks, bat be al right, Good luck on your test Usa: Thanks Good luck on your paper Fl see you during semester brea

‘Work wah a partner, with a group, a lone Lim wife the cy, theo hơm, hy một nữnÀ

to soswer the lolowjng questions, Be dF ind lacie dw hit sau Hay cin bj sitt prepared ta explain your answers, thích câu ĐÁ lời a

1 Where ie this conversation taking place? 7 What does Caral tl have to do before

2 What is Carol doina ? the brary closes ?

‘3 Hew does Lise now Dr Kent? 1B, Why does Lisa have to get back to the

44 Where was the seminar ® đem ?

55 What has Lise done for nent ester ? 9 When wiLisa and Carel see each other?

{6 Wht does Cara think about Dr Kent ? Task

Res! she conversation again Wie down or underline 15 words rested to COLLEGE / AINIVERSITY From these words

+ Wte dam to weds that are places + Give another word for an instructor

{ind another word tha sa test

Read the following advertisement boc miu quing cto sau day

‘Our health caro program provides compete madical cars and quality you ean count on Your bppital coverage inclwdes nursing and physicians’ ears, surgery, therapy, laboratory tests, ane medicines, We want to keep you well by preventing illness, so your henefite include remular checkups, and vision and hearing examinations, You're covered for emergencies jn your homotown nhổ when you tiavel anywhere in the world, You ean count on our program to give you the health eave you want and seed in our many medical facilities nationwide Most four more thas 90 medical ofices provide ryutine care, as wel as lab, pharmacy, land X-ray services, Our well-trained raedical staf and apecialists will give you the beet tnatment available,

Werk with a partrer, à goup, oF alone to Lin siệc theo theo ht, ng một nữnh answer te flloaing questions «48 rẽ li Hững cư bồi sau đề

1 What dao the health prograra puta

2, White sr things that the Respite coverage includes,

50-11 & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY

3 What tree benefits are Incused for preventing ilness ?

44, Wha lou things do most of their more than 90 medical fates provide ?

5 Who wil give yeu the bes! treatment avalable ? Task

Read the advertisment again List 20 words related to HEALTH CARE

+ Việc lập các bản danh cách từ liên hệ đến một chủ để sẽ giúp bạn nhớ tử Tiếp lọc thêm từ vào đănh sách ngay XhÍ bạn học một từ nào khác liên quan đến chủ

di as, + Sử động một kỹ năng nào đổ giúp ban nhớ tí Bạn có thể học thuộc tử, hay dùng các đâu mi Irực quan hoặc những đầu mối nào khác để gip bạn nhớ

+ Những từ liên bệ đến người và nơi chốn được kếm tra trong các bài đàm thoại 1ˆ ngần và cũng xuất hiện toag các bi đài hợn trọng phân Nghe Hiểu của TODTL

“Trong các bài đối thoại ngắn, nghe một từ mà sẽ là đầu mi sẻ nghề nghiệp của một người hay về nợ chốn đụ điểm

vidu : Man there a cafeteria on campus ?

| Woman: Sure It's over there next tothe bookstore Quastions = Where does thi conversation take pace ?

(A) A hospital (8) A ures (QA hotel (D)A street

[yc titampus’ to wen di hod @ dy I fu mel cho thy 6K tetng dat học, Các tử khác “caleteris" và "beoketere" có thể mm thấy ở mọi nơi

Tang các bi đềm thoại đài hơn, đầu mối VỀ lừ cũng sẽ giáp bạn liên hệ bài dam thoại với người nấi hay dịn điểm,

Everyday and Specific Vo- Tis vung dling hang ngày và đặc

Pity quan trang là cên biết căng nhiêu từ liên quan đến mật nghề nghiệp, địa điểm hay một lĩnh cực để tại công tốt Trơng phận Nghẹ Hiểu, các bật đối thoại ngắm s8 thể được theo sau bởi các cầu hồi về

1, locaton da điểm » Where does this conversation take place ?

» oceupation nghề nghigp : What's the man's //woman’s cecupation ?

HAH TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 51

Question : Where does ths conversation probably tke place ? You read

(9) On a college campus (Ba maeơm

‘The answer is "A" Although people can register in a hotel o ata hospital, nothing indicates this conversation takes place in a hotel, The combination of “uition” and register” indicates "A" is comrect

Soee key words will help you identify Val từ miấu chốt sẽ giúp bạn vắc dụ

o's Che

‘wating room eonauling oom checkup vaccine

Under anch of the locations below chante Dt mi dit dim sou diy, hay chon ba Br these words from the folowing box Some ly tong Ohi đi, Vi từ hông ð cổ thể words inthe box may not ba vlstod tothe Hiding fen quan de di difm aug cho leo,

Now ald three wove words of your cum to G ủy Hôm a Wola ring Ban wo dave

‘Now add three more words of your own to Gis hy thêm be ừ cửa riêng hợt sto dank

[Now add theee rare words of your own to GIO Ay thém be beta ring ban nho danh

w ‘reference periodicals case

Now is ove ord your Gum to Gy hb ea ing fo sda

Identifying Occupations Xác định nghề nghiệp

Some key war củ hp you ety Và mấu cất c thề gúp bạn ắc doh theca of «Foon sah opp ee md ngới ExANPLE

Sach he oetgaloi he ox wth te Gap dig mgt pip erg 8 iy 0

Test on Everyday and Specific Vocabulary thường ngày và đặc trưng Bài kiểm tra về từ vựng dùng Chaase the ore answer Chon eu tnd 13 ding

1.Man: —Whal seams to be the problem, ma'am ?

‘Woman This sinks clogged up and thẻÍaurstietdlpging,

‘Question : What kindof work does the man probably da 7 TA} He's an engineer [By He's a mechante

2 Waman + Whese ca | fin the course books for Spanish 102 2 Men — They're in alse 3, ender languages

(Question : Wheel this consersetion taking place?

(Ata wave agency, {) ina supermarket, Woman Catld you fs up ah unleaded ?

Mou» Sure Do you want me to check under the hood ? Question + What hind of work docs the mans do?

(C) He's a as sation atendaot {0} He's an engineer 4.Man: Fem leoking forthe dressings

Woman: Thay mise 5 wat to the produce (Question - Where does this carwersntion fake ple ?

TA) tn a owt, {B) Ins clolhing store

(Cin a restaurant (Dh na supermanct, Woman + Fe ike fa exchange these ao items

Man : Do you have the reefs fx them ? (Question Where i Us conversation probably taking place ?

1H & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 55

6 Woman Have you bad an appointment with us before?

Man, Yes Peame in fora fly shot lst yes, (Question - What isthe woman's eccupation ? A) Sas nurs: 1B) She's a teller

(C) She's a dent {0} She's a hai sist 7.-Maniy Will there be any beaks doting this ploy *

Woman : Yes, there sil be a shot intermision after each se

‘Question Where i this conversation laking place ? 1) ina theater 1B) In a supermarket

18, Worran Could you have fresh towels brought to my room, pease ? Man Yes, maar send someone righ away,

‘Question | Whereis this conversation taking pice?

`

‘Woman: Here you are, Ther wil be $5.80 Question» Where is this conversation Taking pace ? (a) AL dragstore 1B) At an ar galery (C)Ata post offes ID) At the cnama

11, Woman : The water looks great today

Mon Lean't watt to jump on my surfooard, (Question Where i this conversion taking pace ? (A) On a boxy street (At the beach (Ch At an amusement pak (D) Ata concert

12 Man Te ke 10 add one mone ly to my tour of Europe

‘Women = Tve alten made your reservations, but let me see what I cen do for you

(Question What kind of work does the worsan do 7 (A) She's teacher {She's o rave! agent

(C) She's an architect ©) She's a waiter

15 Man, Did miss eoything whe I was buying the hot dogs nd sodas ? Woman Yes, our tear seared a touchdown |

Question ; Whereis this consersation taking place ? (Al Ata shopping center @) At he circus

56H & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY

14 Weman + ‘The Xicays shaw you have no eaves

Man: Thark goodness, Ite to have my teth dei

Question + What isthe woman's occupation ? (A) She's 8 dents 1B) She's o carpenter

(C] She's an engineer [D) She's 2 computer operator

15 Man: Are you enloving this modem art exbiil ? Woman ; Not relly I pelur the Imprassianist peintrs

‘Quescon = Wiese is tis conversation taking place ? (A) On o bos (BỊ At a hake salon

cuarrers Roots Gốc từ

incre

Bhd to n6t Sng in dB lsc

fame mate tn

erence Tag lreedulny

hen tung Gốc từ mang nghĩa cơ bản, Tiếp đâu nạữ và tếp ví ngữ có thể được thêm vào,

“một gốc từ VI dụ gốc "emsd" cổ nghĩ là "eieve, nên từ tiếng Anh “credible” 6

"nghĩa l3 “bdllevable Học gốc hừ sẽ giúp bạn đoán m nghủa cla từ mã bạn không, bết và vì vậy giúp ban làm mọi phần trong TOEL,

Vi có tất nhiều gốc mà từ đá các lừ xuất phát trọng iếng Anh, chúng tôi chỉ ung cấp những gốc thông dung nhất để bạn luyện tập trong chương này, Ta vẽ bắt đâu băng việc nghiên cứu 4 gốc từ (crd, syes đục, ce) va Iaybn lập vái những lữ

Tà cốc gốc này lao ra

H&M TORFL- VOCABULARY - 57

Read the following passa "Đọc đoạn văn tu đầy

‘Sozue theories of laughter emphasize its ability to raduce tension and emation,

‘You have probably been in a tense group situation whhon someone suddenly nade exactly the right joke to defise the mood and make everyone laugh Laughter seems to produce some beneficial biological zasponsee, possibly mtimulating the Tinmune pystem or starting the flow of endorphins, the pain-Ailling chemicals in the brain

Gther theories omphasize the cognitive components of humor When you Inugh at & problem, you ary putting it in a new perspective - sceing ite silly ssposts - and guining control over it

Having a sense of humor, however, is not he same 4s smiling all the time

or "putting on @ happy face.” Many wonten, in paricola, feel thay have ro sale, silo, smile, te put others at ease, but often this acial smile mathe fectings of insecurity and unhappiness For bumor to be effective in coping with stress, person must actually use it in a stressful situation - sesing or inventing funny aspects of setious eventé and having the ability to laugh at ther,

Work with a parte, with a group, or alone Ter wie thee cp ho wy, ay một mình

te answer these questions để hả li những cu bội sơ,

1 What sbity of laughter do some theowes emphasize ? Task The word root duct mears "lo lead" What isthe connection in mesning between huct and “reduce” ?

2 What kind af blologtcal response does laughter prodice ? Task Do you think bene means “good” or "bad? Find so ofher words wich begin

‘with Gene Whol do these words een?

3 When you laugh ata problem, what are you daing ?

‘Task, Whol letlers da the words "perspective" and "aspect" have in comenn ? Find two other words with thse eters in them What i the conection in their

1 In 1815 Napolacn was defeated and was forced to abdicate

2, Panama was chosen as the most ikely prospect for canal king the Caran and the Paciic becouse af is lncation 5-H & HTOBFL - VOCABULARY

[Phương pháphạc —

3 Presbyterinism is» Protesiant sect, based on Calva rend, which states that salation is predetermined

4, Ernest Hemingny’s unemotional ond yea ie i evident in bis novels The Sun

‘Als Rises and Far Whom the Bell Tells

‘These rans have the flowing meanings

‘wed = to elie spec = to Took fhe = lo ay er speak us / vd = to 00 Discuss [ow these s00ts are connected to Tho Iw rem nhing ge tiny sae lida the meanings ofthe words above You may REtrasqn 1A nghie ce hig titrén, Bem

Ví đụ ¡ Gốc đit có nghĩa là 46 say” hay “speak” Khang due dng mot mink

Các tiếp đầu ngữ như pr, cute (prelld, canadicĐ) hay tiếp vĩ ngữ lusting afer (dictation, dletaton) được thêm vào mổ

+ Thoại tiên bạn cổ thể không thấy được cách một từ cạ thể não độ phái triển từ

it ic tt ra San Num ki bạn bắt đầu phân tích rừ đó, bạn sẽ thấy mối Tiên hệ,

Tử "revolse" xuất phát từ gốc "volo" ef ngữ Tà "Han hay all, Tạ

dB thay mổi liên hệ giữa "revolte” và gốc tử "velv" của nó, Tư "đevoloe”

cớ nghĩa là "to paet an lo ansther person/ và có ÿ tưổng “rll” TH

“evalufon”c6 nghia “how sewnething changes over time” va co ý lưỡng chuyển biến thành vặt khác Ý tating "urnang’ hay “rolling” sB thay đổi trong mE Nt, nhưng mi liên hệ thì như Phau,

"Một Thí nhận ra được gốc tX, bạn sở thấy nối liên hệ giữa nhiều tử Điễu này 9E giúp hạn hiểu và nhớ nghĩa của chủng đễ đàng hơn

+ Hay học các gốc lờ lương chương nây và các từ chúng lạn r3 rong vải toẫn Cổ học một sổ gốc tữ mỗi ngày Ôn li các gốt từ bạn đã học lúc trước và cổ dũng | chúng Khi aếi và viếu

+ Mỗi khi bạn trụ tử điển, nghiên cửu gốc của từ cần tra (hấu hết gốc tử trong eng

‘Anh bt gud fi fing Hatin hay Ly Lap) Them gc ti mới vào rắc gi t dược

1 ineredulaus = showing dnbeliet [Ex The poople listening to his strange story were ineredulous

2, divcreditable = diggeacefal er shameful behav:

Ee Because of the banker's discreitable behaviok 2 lot of customers changed

Ex Hee went to an accredited high school

‘car + fetes atta

the changes made

of, trút, onc anal recognition given to effort ar Work,

studies and outstanding ability in sports, she was a credit to her schoo!

7, crodence = belie: acceptance as being tw

Ex The rumor got widespread credence

4 incredulity = the act of nat believing

Ex He looked at me with incredulity in the lottery

EXERCISE 1 Complete the defrition wih the corset

1 Somathing which can be bebeved i

6 An accredited school 2.5 oortied

1 1s being accepted ns true 3: Credit

60 H& H TOEFL - VOCABULARY

throughout the country

his eyes when I told him he had wom

BÀI TẬP 1 Hob tất dnh nga di đấy bằng gu kể lời đông

eile

1 shametd bared goad standards black of beet borrows money

5 Credence

Choose the correct word to complete each Choy dig tid hot at mi sane sentence

1 ff you want your car fixed propery go ta an farcredited / inesedutos| mechanic

1 can urdersand yeux (inereduhly / ered) bal you are the new kins | Such feredible /elscreitable)behavier can enly ran our company The school chldvn gained great needy / ere By hl the od fle Siting im her palace, Istenig to her story of hardship ard poverty the visors were (incredulous / discredisble)

‘You never know what he is thinking because he fllows:no special reed / ere

He may look Uke he i ling the truth, but we have no season to que (incredulty / creer to is story,

8 We shoud van in court because aur witnesses are mone (acceded / rete than

‘has,

B, Roots : Spect, Spec Gốc từ : Speot, Spec

J pesspective = a way ia which Beet

‘surmething is Looked ato jlo Sng, 8

Es A tebesman in Arce tooks at lume from a differs

perspective thon an American businessman,

2 retrospect = luợk bak at thế past

Ex As we lake on respensibltics

sn life, our teenage years in retiospect seem careree

3 specteum = 2 range of caors in the trder of thoi wavelengths

Ex Ultrsvilet rays are beyond the range of the visible spectrum,

44 aspect ~ a look at something from one side

[Ex Thue iy a television series an the diferent aspecis of ie i the Urited

5 spectacle = @ scene or show which attracts the eye by its size, colo

Ex The Independence Day fiework show was quite « spectacle,

6, specimen = a sample; a single typical thing to be shown or tested

Ex, Thy opecienue of rock From the moon went through multiple tes

4 spoetatar = a person who watches an event or a sport

Ex The spectators cheared as the famous player appeared tthe fel

1 &eH TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 61

Replee the mdellzedwonkaihthewordk —— Tuy Hố sắc gach da Hằng những ie

spaclatvs perspective respected _relronpect

‘All the people who wero untcing cheered when our war scored 2 goal auing to earn money is just one sue of modern ie

Whether vou tke or hate modern art depends on your way a looking a

Jn looking back atthe past, we should have kept cur 1952 Cadac

‘The mayor i an aduired member of cur comruaty

When you get sc the doctor ual often send a sample of yous bod for analysis

“The haul Gamond flashed all colors ofthe tage a colors in the one of their iouimgt

‘As we reachad the top ofthe hil we gazed a the conaging exene of siz and calor cf

8 the arms fied up in the valley elo

The word with the "epee" soot Em eăch Từcủ gốc "ee” trong mỗi cu thông chính sentence Is not worrect Cross cut the wend sắc Cảnh hử ý nô tế đừng lên trên ndiwni thecoreect wordabsuelt and male nỗ, thay đổ mạo 0ï Hi cm thế,

the necessary changes to the articles,

‘The specoum atacs yoo uh ts se ard colar,

2 espected is Sook beck al the pas

3 Arrange of colors in the order of ths wavelengths i a specimen

4, Retrospect the way things ave locked ator dae

5 specimen fone point of ew

6 An aspects somone who walches a spots event

7 Asymletr is someone you lak up to or aie

A perspective sa sample of something

© Roots : Duc, Duct tinge ts Sess Gốc tử : Duc, Duct sen tim Ẩn nga

x The inspector was conducted tớ

around the factory

2, conducive = helpful; that contributes ta,

Ex A dark room #8 more conducive

62- H&M TOEFL - VOCABULARY

3 a duel =a tube or cal that carties Quids, or one that carries electric power, telephone cxbles, ete

Fr Most glands in horian bodies have ducts to cary their secretions

4 ta deduct = 19 subtract, or take away

Fs facome tax is deducted front the paycheck of a wage earner

5 dactile = exally lead pliable

Le Copper is a ductile metal

6 to fnduce = lo cnuke an effect

Ex, Political repression and poverty induced many people to heave their homeland and emigrate

7, viaduct = a long high bridge which caries 9 road of railroad

TEs, Somme ofthe old viaducts are not high enough for today’s tall tucks to go under

aqueduct = a system of canals and bridges which carry water

Ex Some of the aqueducts built by the Romans stil bring wales to modern cities

HAH TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 63

5, Los Angeles is bul in a desert and watze Has tobe brought to by 3 huge”

D, Roots : Ced, Cess Gốc từ : Ced, Cess

1 peleedume = n parcular vay oc method of daing something, Ex To lake ving m tis mmedem thuc ` hated reese che bin ging college you have to faow pmeeio Foneede - nung the registration procedure, 0! seceeive FES Hen ip

2 precedent = a past action or meal case that sets an example or rule nen #4 for cass in the future Ex hs defense the lawyer threo referred 16a nila ease in

Ex The antecedents of Halloween go back to pagan festivals,

4 successive = (ad) following ane attr the other,

Ex, She was absent from school Ibe four successive days

5 Wo recede ~ to move back or ts shrink in sie

Ex When guns rete i is wise to ace the dentist

6 tw socede = to officially withdraw from 2 group, union, or erganization that is usually political or religious

Ex, When a sate iv 2 nation sevedes,

to process = ty tat av 9 particular avg

Ex Photographic film has to be processed before we get the pictues,

to concede = to give victory or possession to somicone sls

Ex The challenger conceded victory to the president i the election nic,

LASAn 's semething which has happened before

2 A/ Aq ia past action which sels an example for the future

3 Te_— a move back

4, Things đạt me follow each other

5 The laser hos to, a cost tothe winner,

1 I can take several weeks 10 ‘new passport application, 7-A/An, Lạ parlelar spt to do something

8 To, fe wir from 2 pital aroup,

Choose the comect word to complete the Chqy ding tied had tat ce ct em

1 eal lake six months fo _ your soquest for a perma,

2 Our team were champions for four ‘seasons

3 As fat as we know, there is no far a mouse king a tiger

4 leo mang set torn the republic it wil brea up

at PamN Ranta ot Examples

Maing

mm ino wer tal ts tee tio te place bone bá by — manh Huấn

at ven

n man, mau fond tat ca tor sen

ae trae, mati otha

civ cltizen medi middle chrome, color mob

cop om al coun er der Baer, pant ator cred hệ pally fsing

Se hed eee phơn sun demo pecs Petey

ic, det Sy, speak not tuệ đơn stor scope watch duc, duct lead serb script ite

dram power Set loo wath tae fact ra tax toa erage, or fos tend veo — ứng

mm shape tem mm tot sen hee ged omy mre tet dt pul

mb ub ay

ao earth ane, vet com go anh, gam vrte ate lan đem le ` AC other 7 WEvk - l ve nh — HH

EXERCISE 4 BÀI TẬP 4

jmm111 '

ofthe words in Wold prt rng dom

‘Birds have two basic types of sounds - songs and calle Songe are usually moro complex than calls and are utilized primarily by adult moles during

‘breeding season to establish toreitorics or attraet mates, Calls ure normally simple notes, single or repented, Vooalined by males und females in all seasons

‘to express alarm or maintain contact with mates, offspring, or other birda of

66 - H& H TOEFL - VOCABULARY

1 What does "pwimanly" nthe passage mean ?

2, What dees the word “atvact” mean ?

3 What does the vord"vocalzed’ mean in the passage ?

4 What o you think an “omitholoi” studs ?

Use roots anda dictionary lofind the answers Dug 6 1 tà từ điết để tờ cu bể lí

1 What does an anftrupologint sty

2 What do we call @ person who studies handaniting ?

3 What do we coll person who studies the ears ?

44, What does "inductive" reasoning mean ?

5, What do we cal events inorder of "ie ?

Choose the answer that could best replace Choy câu tử lờ có thể Huy thể đồng ath the underlined word or phrase without — cho Hi / eum từ gch đưổ mồ Không tuy, changing the meaning ofthe sentence đổi nghĩ ca cậu

1 Violet and red are a the opposite ends of the spectrum, (A) range of sounds

(B) pes of taste {C) rage of colors (D boundary of light

2 Sodotives calm a person without actually inducing sleep,

H & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 67

„

12

‘The removal of cataracts inthe eves by laser has become a common procedure

‘Soya beans are being processed to look and taste the meat

Specimens af bone are used for DNA typing

‘Aqusducts bull during the Roman Empite may sl be seen in many pars of Europe

“The Capita, bit on a hill in Washington, DC., isthe seat ofthe U.S, laslanure (A) mattary power {B] men of edvcation

In the United States, a party can namminate a singe canidate for office

Guam, an sland i the West Paci, was cada tothe Ufited States

MW & HTOEFL VOCABULARY

‘cuaprers Theme Grouping :

Thought and Communication

Tập hợp từ theo chủ đề :

Suy tưởng và giao tiếp tem ng dmg, media

Một cách lầm giàu vốn từ vựng khác là gua việc nghiên cứu các từ có nghĩa tương bự theo các chủ đề Ví dụ, nếu Ie chọn chủ để “uy nghĩ và nhớ” Ñhinkdng and remembering) ta thay The niu hử cổ nghĩa No think, chưng mỗi thet hse nha

SẼ nghĩa riêng và cách dùng, Động tơ refesf có nghĩa là Âo think’ va duce dng, Thụ ngẫm nghĩ kỹ vệc g, trong khi dang tt ‘meditate’ Iai được dũng XÍ la suy tưởng sâu sắc về một sự việc gi về thưởng được đũng trong tôn gi4o,

Trong chương này có các chủ đỀ khác nha» với bài tập di cdg, Vt sich ny ch

có thể tình bây mới số chả đề mÀ thời, nên để rghị bạn nên lập các chủ để cũs Hềng mình, sử dụng t điển để tiếp kục làm gid them vốn tờ vựng

Reading Practice Luyện đọc

TT passage Đọc đoạn van sau dy

"The eayote used to live in the western part of the United States, Desito itt ponseution by farmers who have anwuned thatthe eoyots has bes responsiblo for the killing of thoir livestock, the coyola has survivod Today the ceyote wrdespread fom Alaska to New York, and i towns as well as in the wid Seinbfclly, the coyote is Canis atraa, barking dog o-aled because apart fiom Ove domestic dog it i the only member of the dog frmily that habitually barks, Fonos, wolves, and jaca ony bark at speci ies The renowned call,

of he cayote at night familiar scene in @ Western movie Inthe evening

HH TOEFL - VOCABULARY + 69

coyotes xing in chorus, Ove starts witha series ofshort harks, gradually incroasing

in volume until they merge into a yell, Other oojotas join in and the chorus continues for a minuta or two After a pause, the chorue starte again, Two or tree coyates may meet each night to sing and the haunting effect of the tongs

of Reveral such yroups over the countryside is unique

Worlcwith a partner, wih a group, oralane Lime oi đeo ấp, theo nhóm hay một mình

to onaver the folovang questions để nã lời cd ou sa

1 Whore ean you find the coyote today ?

‘Task What do you think is the dflerence between the ward “widespread” ond “unua” 7 Find another word in the passage that silay in rang lo “usual”

2 Whol land of effect do the songs of several groups of coyotes have ?

‘Task’ What kinds of things would haunt” 9 parsons memory ?

cả, Căn anyling else create this tft over the eunitysie ?

‘Task Nome thee things tht ee "unig

Conversation Practice Luyện tập về đảm thoại Read the flowing corwersation, ie Be er tho su dy, Scott You lok serious today, Regina, If something wong ?

Regina : lh, no Iwas jst siting here reflecting on ie

‘Scott: Contemplating your future ? Reginn | Haw did you knows ?

Scott: Hts familiar thought to me After all we'll be darting college In afew

weeks, and we'll have to make some eructal decisions, Regina > Have yon decide on your major ?

Seoit No, Tve speculated on several carers, but J haven't deed on one yet

And you ? Do you hae any ideas what vou want to do ? Regina; To a ceriain extent, yes Tue made certain fundamental decisions

Scott; Such as ? Regina : Well, | know Tike fo do something ania, I ust don’t want to do

samssbiog commonplace Seott- That's odd ve he the same thoughts Of course, Twa to be wel kr

ny held, utorowe i Regina : Naturally, Ard don't forget, nen for your reeatch and vital discoveries, Scott: Of course ! Nothing petty and trivial for us

Regine | Tha's nah Fame ard fortune!

ExERcIsE 2 BÀI TẬY 2 4 to meditate = lo think deeply, concentrating on one tater, I is especilly used

Work with a panrer, with a graup, or stone Le tiệc le cấp, Heo nhữm lay một nữ: in region

to answer the fllowing questions để rã bi vồng cu hi se Fx, The priest wanted to be alone and meditate before giving a decision

‘Task, Weke the tuo kinds of thinking verbs Regina Is using What other thinking vers do Ex Weather reporters usvolly try to predict the weather a accuintely as possible,

2 Iathiniang about the flare weumsal for Seott? Ex Mozart was considered ta be x great composer Ii his time

“Taek Pind another word in the conwersaton that i sila in meaning to “Yala 9 to conceive (of! = thik of; to imagine

4 Nikse Meck Sesaane ak sis bas Gnd? Ex Ts hard to conceive what an earthquake greater than 8.0 on the Kichter scale

can do

“Task Find another word in the passage thet means "portant

1M to speculate = to think about something in a way that isnot serious because of

‘Teak What 1 De oppoete of the word “unique® ? What words inthe conversetlon mean

“not amportant’™ ? What words inthe eorversation are related fo "thinking" ?

5, Scott sa, "That's ad" What does "od" mean ? Tsk Name tw things that are edd to you,

6, What dos Soot want lo bei his eld? Cle Tif the sentence 8 TRUE ard Fi the ow trêu T nếu cự đồng sự Hải tử E

sertance is PALSE ec abt

‘As Thinking anid Remembering San 1, Toreleet means to thik about somthing very cathy TT

2 To contemplate so tink stout sorting for 3 lng ine Tự

ae ae) Ce 3, To pred so sey something val happen belo it dos 4 To haunt 225

lo remember yeast dreams TF

5 To conser it Hird of wi core TF

ề (Comte ¿ ấn © To rensce sto real he past uth lar TF

1 To coteeoĩ 0 mage Tử

s aunt 5 To astm it link deeply and serous TF

: EXERCISE 2 BÀI TẬP 2

"ắc Gale sores wh he come Hab i tea gc

Es, T assume you willbe home about seven turigh Ti TƯ ä

2 to reminisce = 19 remember or tak about the past in » pleasant way 4 The sti aay a ate

Ex Old poople often reminisce about the days oftheir youth sae ee pe Khas aa gts

2, to beat t be i your tongs, nelly an unplntant 7 2 Hs gues woukoton about the tine he was a oi and fan

Ex, The forter he aww during the war haunted him eS uy a8

4 (0 reflect (on) = to think over very earful 15 "Heed for moment before anoweing the question wees tei CC ela ch ng lí hàn Goan te ak a ly eo

5, to contemplate Ex He looked at th view from hie window and contemplated hie next move = to think about deeply fora lng time vi So ee NS gr ee arte:

5, Now that be wes ln he coud hie past,

H&B TOERL- VOCABULARY - 71 T2 - W& H TOEFL - VOCABULARY

ADilion ounces of gold more wealls than mast of us can

He is my fnend so 1 that he innocent

“The car crash stil se after ton yeas

Some people think that they can the fer

a pretit 1s reminisce © haat

We can only luhen the next earthyaske vl be,

Quan trọng và không quan trong

cự bản, nn lắng cần thiế [cho sự tổn ti nhà nhi lại vật

la điển ĐẠI)

không thể thu vee thi yếu thuộc bản chất - tẩm thường không quản trong,

“quan tong, đây ÿ nghĩa 8h quan trạng twyếi inh ch Fa do thuản Hà

drastic que fie, mani me

Ex, The constitution i the fundamental law of the United States, essential = something belongs fo the nature of something and thercfore cannot

be removed without destraying

Ex Without the bare essentials of life a person will not suvive, vital = something accestary for the existence of š thing

Ex Tee vital tha the witness testifies io court indispensable = something that Is too important or necessary to be without

Ex Nurses are indispensable in a hoot!

crucial = something Very important which helps to decide the future, Its used

Ex What we dene inthe mew! few minates is cal becouse it will ict our lives drastic = rapid, hatsh, and extreme action

Ex Drastic measures were taken by the goverment to contral the fale of inflaton

significant = something important that has a meaning to the person who says it and those whe her i

Ex His speech om this sad occasion was very significant to us al

petty = something of the least importance by comparison 9 other things

Ex, Tam tied af your petty excuses for being late

30 mere = no more than; emphasizes how limited a thing is

Ex What do you expact ? He's a mete child

(Cac Til the wentence i TRUE and Fi the Khaơnh trên T nốt cấu đúng sự Hi nề È sentance Is FALSE, "yết củ sự Hộp

4 Drastic means quick and hard

2 Sommeting sal 6 necessary for it to survive

3 Something trivial ie most import

4 The main sippet or iden behind something is funda (oi

5 Move means something is more than it appeats,

6 Something essential canrar be remaved without destroying the wok,

Crucial car deserbe an important decision that needs to be taken

10, Sometirg sigpfcant hasan important meaning ta everyone TOF concerned

Complete the sentences with the comeeL - Hoìn tt rác củ su bổng cu Hi đồng

1 The bank lan uc to the prjeeL

2 A toma requires ction by people in ts path

5, To take te exam now or 0 walt a year isa decision,

6 Fis speech wise toll thế aylenee, ho woul! se thelr fobs nthe ayo

7 Ther latest proposal isa batt

9 When there are so many important things te be đong, th does she insist on 30

10, Itis _that you get tht message to dim, or we Wal lose the account

a vial bindspenssble——< sgnificant

&

10

Ex When be, talked about the problems in his country, they were quite familiar fous

cxiling widely 11s usually used with fashion, language, practices and things which are constantly changing, It also means nev, or reeeat if 0 other time is mentioned

Ex, There is an article on American slang in the cuttent issue of English Language -MAgine

commonplace =

or special

Ex Car thefts are commonplace in this city, unique = being the enly ane ofits kind

Ex Hach man’s fingerpeiet is unique

singular = diferent from any other of ity kind and sugyests some kind of strangeness

Ex pon catching the snake I experienced 2 singular feeling 1 cannot describe prevalent = somcthing that exists most ofthe time in some place

Fe: Malaria is prevalent in hot, swampy arsas, widespread = found in many places

Ex, The disease that attacked the lenves ofthe Les could not be contzolled an seon became widespread,

‘dd = that which is net usual oF normal

Ex Tdont know what kind of job he does but he leaves hie house st ude hours peculiar = having a special distinewverest in quality or character that isnot pleasing

Ex This lower has a peculiar smell kesree = hard to gel om find,

Ex, Decause of intunsive farming, certain wild birds have become scat,

CGrcle Tifthe sentence ie TRUE and Fifthe Kkganh tru T nf cấu đúng sự Hát bà E

3,- thing is widkspeoad its found everyubere TOF

5 Things that are ootnionplace are nat very teresting and canbe «TF found everyuhere:

6 ‘Singular means usil and lke everthing alse TOF

7 Suoeing pecular has a special unpleasant aspect TOE

EXERCISE 2 Compete the sentences with the correct

1 The pice of frat increased because twas

BÀI TẬP >

tiaàm tố cc câu sau ng câu trẻ lời đăng

2 Hig waoden lag gave bien appearance

3 Diseasa is in mang poạr counties

a prevent ——_-b, cument © peculiar

4 ‘The man frighlened me vat his sre

a, wilespread —b famtiar «peculiar

5, ‘The handmade ear sold for a on because it was _

6 The fashion isthe sae as my grandmother's!

11 The tae the bond was playing sounded

a preuient bs, fomibar widespread

8 Unforimetely, the fates fin ust els @ story,

a commonplace b widespread nique

9, Pani wae | after the dam burt,

2 searee 5 widesptead e #ngJet

10 Tostand en your hend sta party is behavior

6-H & H TOUFI VOCABULARY

1 Hypertension is one of the most widespread and poteriialy dangerous diseoses,

5 Gregor Mende! conoened ofthe aus of hereiy from obser the yeouh of peas

6 Hamat Beocher Stowe was a sours we unt the pubes of ine Tom's Cabin

1H & H TOEFL - VOCABULARY - 77

cuaper7 Theme Grouping :

Feelings and Sensations Tập hợp từ theo chủ đề :

Cảm tưởng và cảm giác

Read the following passage Hãy đạc đoạn văn su,

‘Moat poople think of algae a the dirty green layer on & fish pond But another kind of algae

“known as kelp oF seaweed has become an important part of the

‘American diet Without being the least bit daring, Americans eat seaweed by the ton, That’

because they ueually don't know

it | From the aweot flavored jelly, coming out of a doughuut, lo &

crisp pile of savory cnion rings, there's more seaweed in food than most people know

Alpin, a substance extracted from ground-up seaweed, has the unique ability

to make liquide more solid) Thus itis used in hundreds of prepared foods, from Joe ream to salad dressing,

‘Tho entire US, kelp harvest comes from the coastal waters off Southern Califarnia Ships move through huge kelp beds and take two or three feet off the top ofthe 100-foct plants Mere than 56,000 tons of wet zeawood are harvested each your The harvesters are by no means being ruthless, however Cutting the kelp actually belpe it ta grow, thereby ensurin

for hungry Americans 1

constant supply of seaesd

Work with 2 partner, with a group, or lone Làm tiệc theo cp, the nhóm hay một mình

to answer te folowing questions để tr lời những cu hỗi seu

1 Wha Americans eat seaweed.how do they act ?

‘Tash What do you think “daring” means ? What 6 the oppose of "daring" ? Give an

‘example of» daring person, Say uty, 78.11 & WTORFL VOCABULARY