Assessment of the current air quality situation in gang thep thai nguyen factory and proposal mitigation solution

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY DO MINH THUY TOPIC TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT AIR QUALITY SITUATION IN GANG THEP THAI NGYEN FACTORY AND PROPOSAL M

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY

DO MINH THUY TOPIC TITLE:

ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT AIR QUALITY SITUATION IN

GANG THEP THAI NGYEN FACTORY AND PROPOSAL MITIGATION

SOLUTION

BACHELOR THESIS

Study Mode: Full-time

Major: Environmental Science and Management

Faculty: International Training and Development Center

Batch: K43-Advance Education Program

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management

Student name Do Minh Thuy

Thesis Title Assessment of the current air quality situation in Can Thep

Thai Ngyen factory and proposal mitigation solution

Supervisor Assoc Prof Dr Do ThiLan

Abstract:

Study about air situation in Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory and pose measurements As alarming problem about air pollution in the world in generally and in Viet Nam particularly under the negative effect of metallurgical industry, I would like to implement my study to assess the air quality status of steel rolling factory of TISCO and propose measures of mitigate pollutants and poison gas treatment technology By methods such as collecting secondary data, application theory, conducting the actual survey in factory All data through real practicing are processed and showed into statistical tables, charts, reasonable adjustment and included in the report The main reference source is from report of environmental monitoring of Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory beside some other data of environment and metallurgy in Viet Nam and in the world as well as professional reference materials In the result, although most air parameters of TN Rolling Mill within in permitted standard, some factor as NH3, NOx and TSP are increasingly over time It is necessary to pose some measurements in both management and technology as SNCR to prevent environment accident in the future Because of conducting in the real survey in workshop be operating and kiln stack, it should be limited Furthermore, factory cannot statistical dust and exhaust emission, so it is impossible to get accurate results on air emissions

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

After a period of studying at Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and forestry,

I have equipped myself with basically professional knowledge As the consensus of the university, the dean committee of International Training Center and the direct instruction of Assoc.Prof Dr Do ThiLan, I conduct my bachelor thesis: "Assessment

of the current air quality situation in Can Thep Thai Ngyen factory and proposal mitigation solution ”

During researching, with the hearted guidance of Assoc.Prof Dr Do ThiLan and supporting from leadership of Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory, I finished my thesis Therefore I express my deepest gratitude to teachers in the International Training Center and Natural Resources and Environment Faculty, especially Assoc.Prof Dr Do ThiLan who directly guide me in implementing thesis Besides I would like to thank for the leadership of Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory facilitating me to finish investigation

Due to limited professional qualifications, my thesis may be inevitable shortcomings I would like to receive the assistance of whole teachers to my thesis become better

Thank you very much!

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES 1

LIST OF TABLES 2

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 4

PART I INTRODUCTION 5

1.1 Research rationale 5

1.2 Research’s objectives 6

1.3 Research questions and hypotheses 7

1.4 Limitations 7

1.5 Definitions 7

PART II: LIERATURE REVIEW 9

2.1 Theoretical base 9

2.2 The legal basis 12

2.3 An overview of the domestic and foreign research situation 12

PART III METHODS 20

3.1 Methods of collecting secondary data 20

3.2 The actual survey methods 20

3.3 Practical methods 25

3.4 Statistic and data processing methods 25

PART IV RESULT 26

4.1 manufacturing technology process 26

4.2 Air environment status in Thai Nguyen Can Thep factory 28

4.3 Commenting and evaluation on the status of air sources in Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory 38

4.4 Research of measures for air pollution mitigation in Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory 39

PART 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 53

5.1 Discussion 53

5.2 Conclusion 54

REFERENCES 57

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4 1- Technology diagram 26

Figure 4.2 Figure 4 2- Chart of substances concentration changing in kiln stack exhaust emissions during 3 years 37

Figure 4 3- Chart of noise level in manufacturing area during 3 years 37

Figure 4 4- Chart of noise level in outside manufacturing area during 3 years 38

Figure 4 5- Diagram of exhaust fumes treatment technology 41

Figure 4 6- Diagram of SNCR technology 48

Figure 4 7- Diagram of Fabric Filter Equipment 51

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2 1- Pollution loads from the stacks of ISDEMIR 15

Table 2 2- Air quality in the project area of Ma Ong Industrial zone 18

Table 3 1- Synthesis list of sampling and monitoring equipment 20

Table 3 2- Synthesis of sampling location 21

Table 3 3- Sampling methods according to TCVN standard 23

Table 3 4- Sampling technicalities 24

Table 4 1- Sources of emissions from the plant's activities 28

Table 4 2- Sampling result in the steel rolling area 29

Table 4 3- Sampling result at the billet kiln 29

Table 4 4- Sampling result at the finished product storage 30

Table 4 5- Sampling result in the factory’s office 30

Table 4 6- Sampling result at the southern residential area; main port of TISCO company 31

Table 4 7- Sampling result in the 17th household of residential area, Cam Gia Ward, Thai Nguyen City, far 200 meters from the plant to the northeast 31

Table 4 8- Sampling result in the residential area to the southwest, far 200m from 32

Table 4 9- Result of measuring and analyzing dust, noise in the manufacturing area

in 2015 32

Table 4 10- Result of measuring and analyzing dust, noise in the outside of manufacturing area in 2015 33

Table 4 11- Result of measuring and analyzing kiln stack emission in 2015 34

Table 4 12(a) - Comparison of air quality in factory area between 3 years 2013, 2014,

2015 34

Table 4 13(b) - Comparison of air quality in factory area between 3 years 2013, 2014,

2015 35

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

BTNMT: Natural resources and environment ministry

QCVN: National technical regulations on environment

TISCO: Thai Nguyen Iron Stock Co- operation

WHO: World health organization

PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale

Currently, air pollution is a pressing problem for the urban, industrial and handicraft villages environment in Viet Nam at present Air pollution has a negative impact on human health (particularly cause respiratory diseases), ecosystems and climate change (greenhouse effect, acid rain and ozone depletion) The stronger industrialization and urbanization, the more sources of pollutants as well as pressure changing air quality Environmental protection requirements are increasingly important (Dang, 2003)

Thai Nguyen Steel Rolling Mill is one of the important investments in projects

to renovate and expand production of Thai Nguyen Joint Stock Company in the first phase, which was completed and operated in 2005 With the modern technology of Danieli (Italy), capacity of 300,000 tons / year has increased total producing capacity

of Thai Nguyen JSC to 550,000 tons / year (Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory)

With great production capacity above, emissions into the environment from Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory in the producing process is significant It partly contributed to the problem of ambient quality changing in factory The pollutants derive from combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, FO oil created: CO2, CO, SO2, NOx and unburned organic matter: soot, dust, losing process, leaked on technology line, the process of transport of volatile chemicals, dust In particular, the CO, CO2, SO2, NOx and dust in emissions being released during producing have more potential causing air pollution and human health

As situation mentioned above, to assess and solve the problem of air pollution

in Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory, the implementation of thesis: “Assessment of the current air quality situation in Can Thep Thai Ngyen factory and proposal mitigation solution.” is really necessary to pose suitable solutions in managing and reducing air pollution effectively

1.2 Research’s objectives

1.2.1 Aim of study

- Assessing the air quality status of steel rolling factory of TISCO

- Propose measures of mitigate pollutants and poison gas treatment technology

1.2.2 Significance of study

a Significance in studies and science researches

Through the implementation of the study, students become familiar with the scientific research, strengthen their knowledge, apply theory to practice, understand how to collect, analyze and process information and work skills

b Significance in life

Air pollution is the pressing problem in the world in generally and our country

in particularly So the management air quality of factory must be conducted tightly in order to reduce emissions into the environment Periodic monitoring air of factory contribute greatly the environmental management of the the factory and the competent authorities in the detection parameters exceed permissible emissions standards for reasonable prevention measures timely

Study assess air quality of factory exactly, is the base of the environmental protected evaluation of factory

Researching results is the basis for the selection of measures to reduce emissions

of the factory, facilitate sustainable development

1.3 Research questions and hypotheses

- What is an overview of Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory?

- What is current situation of air of Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory?

- What are possible management and technology solutions to reduce air pollution of the Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory?

1.4 Limitations

Thesis was conducted during 3 months from March 2015 to July 2015

Thai Nguyen JSC has 25 factories That is too large scope to survey for whole However, the choice of air quality assessment in a small unit also has some disadvantages such as polluted air source can be from combination with other surrounded factories Therefore the measuring results may not be completely accurate The survey being examined is relatively small, the findings cannot be generalized to the broader company

1.5 Definitions

Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into Earth's atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, damage

to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment Air

pollution may come from anthropogenic or natural sources." (Carlton, 2015)

Can Thep Thai Nguyen Factory: Start of construction on November 28, 2002, is

a branch of Thai Nguyen Iron and Steel Joint Stock Corporation

Can Thep: means steel rolling

PART II: LIERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical base

2.1.1 Air pollution sources

There are many sources of air pollution It can be divided into natural sources and artificial sources

 Natural sources:

+ Volcano: The volcano spewing hot lava and smoke that is rich sulfide, methane and other gases The air containing dust spreads very far away because it is sprayed onto extremely high (Trieu, 2015)

+ Wildfires: The wildfire from natural processes occurs because of lightning, friction between dry vegetation such as bamboo, grass The fires often spread, emiss a lot of dust and gas (Trieu, 2015)

+ Dust storm caused by strong winds and storms, rain erode soil in desert, wind blew

up soil into dust Seawater evaporates then corporate with sea wave foam to bring salt dust particles spread in the air (Trieu, 2015)

+ The process of decomposition, rotting carcasses, the chemical reaction between natural gas to form sulfide, nitrite, salts etc The type of dust, gases cause air pollutants (Trieu, 2015)

Fuel combustion gases emitted lot through the kiln stack of the factory into the air Due to evaporation, leakage, loss on production lines and pipelines on the load Source of the production's waste can also be sucked and blown out by the ventilation

system (Trieu, 2015)

The main industry of air pollutants include: Thermal; building materials; chemicals and fertilizers; textile and paper; Metallurgical; food; Engineering enterprises; Factories belonging to the light industry; Transportation that besides the

activities of humans (Trieu, 2015)

2.1.2 The harmful effects of air pollution

- NOx: When suffering acute poisoning, people will experience a headache and dyspepsia Some cases cause blood changing, damage nervous system, altered heart muscle Long-term exposure regularly with NO2 can cause tracheal inflammation, irritating the mucosa and high concentration of about 100 ppm can be fatal (Phuong, 2013)

- Characterized disease due to dust is pneumoconiosis For areas of factories, dust is created mainly by kiln's gas, metal dust and dirt Sand caused silicosis pneumoconiosis This disease can cause complications of tuberculosis, chronic lung failure Also, during contacting with metal dust, dirt the worker may be edema mucosa, ulceration of bronchial, trachea (Phuong, 2013)

- Thermal pollution: thermal pollution mainly effects on the health of workers employed in high temperature areas such as steel rolling, kilns High temperatures will cause physiological changing, such as losing a lot of sweat, accompanied by the loss of

a huge amount of mineral salts (Phuong, 2013)

 For fauna and environment:

- For animals: generally pollutants affecting on humans are harmful to animals via inhalation directly or indirectly through drinking water or eating vegetation that are contaminated by hazardous substances in air environment (Hoa, 2012)

- For plants: SO2 would affect on the growth of plants when concentrations in ambient air is 3 ppm or higher With high concentrations of SO2, trees can be deciduous and die (Hoa, 2012)

- For the works and assets: factory's exhaust fumes contain dust and toxic gases as

CO, CO2, SO2 When encountering humid weather will creates the acid corroding structural construction and equipment, reducing their lifespan CO2 reacts with moisture to create H2CO3 that may corrode the skin (Hoa, 2012)

b Noise and vibration

Noise and vibration are often directly effect on human auditory system, reduce hearing, cause headaches, reduce the efficiency of labor and workers' reflex If

regularly contacting with loud noise and vibration, workers may suffer deafness, or injury (Be, 2013)

2.2 The legal basis

- Environmental Protection Law of Vietnam No 55/2014 / QH13 dated 23/06/2014

- Circular No.28 / 2011 / TT-BTNMT 01/08/2011 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental regulated technical processes of environmental monitoring ambient air and noise

- Circular No.21 / 2012 / TT-BTNMT dated 12/19/2012 Regulations on quality assurance and quality control in environmental monitoring

- Decision No 3733/2002 / BYT- Decision on promulgating 21 labor hygiene standard, 05 and 07 labor hygiene parameters

- Decision No 1931 / QD-BTNMT 11.12.2003 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the decision approving the assessment report on environmental impact of Can Thep factory of 300,000 tons / year

- National technical regulations on environment

- QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National Technical Regulations on Ambient Air Quality

- QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulations on some toxic substances

in the ambient environment

- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulations on noise

- QCVN: 51:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulations on industrial emissions of steel production

2.3 An overview of the domestic and foreign research situation

2.3.1 Research situation over world

a In general

In new estimates released, WHO reports that in 2012 around 7 million people died - one in eight of total global deaths – as a result of air pollution exposure This finding more than doubles previous estimates and confirms that air pollution is now the world’s largest single environmental health risk Reducing air pollution could save millions of lives (WHO, 2015)

London (UK), leading European about air pollution London has become the most polluted capital in Europe The number of dangerously polluted days in London reaching up to 36 days since early 2014 while only maximum of 35 days are permitted for air quality in jeopardy during one year according to EU rules The poor air quality

is the cause of the 4,300 deaths in London, losing of about 2 billion pounds each year (Lon don is Europe's top air pollution, 2010, pp 34-52)

Ulan Bator (Mongolia): During the winter, Ulan Bator capital is often covered

by dense smoke sky Clouds of black smoke can get trapped above the city for hours regularly Airlines operating in Ulan Bator often blame limited vision when they cancel or delay international flights The smoke made it difficult to breathe and it affects the health of people living in Ulan Bator The mortality rate is increasing, people's health is getting worse, and respiratory diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia and lung cancer has increased (Dr N Saijaa)

China: Researchers from Berkeley Earth, a California-based climate research organization, calculated that about 1.6 million people in China die every year from health issues caused by the country’s notoriously polluted air In April,Greenpeace

reported that, of 360 cities in China, less than 10 percent had successfully met national air quality standards in the first quarter of 2015 (Dominique Mosbergen et al., 2015)

b, In steel industry in particularly

Steel plant operations are vulnerable to air pollution in the world in general This can be visualised by the huge consumption of coal, iron ore, limestone, dolomite, sulphur etc During the process large amounts of emission (stack and fugitive) consisting of dust, gaseous pollutants like SO2, NO are generated

According to Air quality monitoring of Integrated Steel Industry located in Orissa state, India in 2008: Mean SPM and RSPM values were found to be significantly high (p < 0.01) at stations nearer to source in both work zone and residential zone The highest average SPM and RSPM values in the work zone recorded were 4869 microg/m3 and 1420 microg/m3 and in the residential zone 294 microg/m3 and 198 microg/m3 respectively In general, SPM and RSPM values exceeded the National Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) (J Environ SciEng, 2011 Oct)

According to the research of M Tahir CHAUDHARY and Aysel T ATIMTAY , re-rolling steel mills in Iskenderun Gulf Region of Southeast Turkey: The results of the emission inventory revealed that the annual emissions of PM, SO2, NOX, and CO were 19,951 tons, 40,833 tons, 10,764 tons, 109,938 tons and 5665 tons, respectively Industrial sector was responsible for more than 95% of the total emissions of PM and SO2 (M Tahir and Aysel, 2010)

ISDEMIR is located at about 17 km north of Iskenderun city with a production capacity of 2,200,000 tons/year, accounted for 37% of the total integrated iron and steel production capacity The result of the emission inventory have shown that

industrial sector is the largest contributor in the air pollution load in the study area, and this sector is responsible for 97% of the total SO2 emission, 96% of the total PM emission, 73% of the total CO emission and 68% of the total NOX emission (M Tahir and Aysel, 2010)

Table 2 1- Pollution loads from the stacks of ISDEMIR

(kg/h)

SO2 (kg/h)

NOx (kg/h)

CO (kg/h)

PM (ton/year)

SO2 (ton/year)

NOx (ton/year)

CO (ton/year)

(Source: Management of air quality in iron-steel industry region in south-eastern

turkey andemission inventory of several pollutants)

2.3.2 The research situation in Viet Nam

According to the Energy Research Institute, Vietnam has about 65 projects of iron and steel production with their capacity is 100,000 tons / year or more Although the steel factories only uses less than 50% of the designed capacity but annual electricity consumption reached nearly 3.5 billion kWh The amount of coal, oil, electricity being consumed by steel industry accounts for about 6% of total energy consumption of the industries Besides, as the result of outdated technology, time of

making a batch of steel is nearly twice the average number in the world in comparison (Cuong, 2015)

According to calculations, to produce 1 ton of steel, 0.5-1 tons of slag, 10,000m3 of emissions, 100kg of dust are discharged A lot of pollutants such as acids, alkalis, the alloy elements are released into the environment In the metallurgical area, contaminated atmosphere percentage is nearly 60% Kiln Steel manufacturing process creates gaseous, solid and noise Especially, the production of iron and steel are responsible for a huge amount of waste polluting the environment with dust amounts to thousands tons/year, their main constituent are metal oxides and the oxides other (FeO, MnO, Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, MgO) and types of exhaust gases containing

CO, CO2, SO2, NO2 Arised dust containing oxides and other factors can affect human health directly as workers in factories (Cuong, 2015)

According to research by Prof Lam Minh Triet, PhD Nguyen Dinh Tuan (Environment and Natural Resources Institute, Ho Chi Minh National University):

Results of environmental quality monitoring of national stations show that the largest volume of waste source and the source of this fuel for a Hiep Phuoc power plant in Hiep Phuoc industrial zone (capacity of 675 mw), each produced hour will release into the atmosphere large amounts of air pollutants as follows (Triet and Tuan, 2010) :

+ Fumes volume: 3.578.000 m3

+ SO2 8.721 kg

+ NO2 438 kg

+ SO3 108 kg

+ Dust 43 kg

In TP Ho Chi Minh City, emissions from the steel plants: air pollution sources mainly from exhaust gas of arc kilns are estimated 50,000 m3/h Exhaust fumes contain mostly dust with pollution coefficient is 20-30 kg / ton of product, CO with pollution coefficient is 7-10 kg/ton of product Thus all the steel plants Southern Steel Company released yearly into the environment amount of pollutant is:

- Dust 2.840 - 4.260 ton/year

- CO 994 - 1.420 ton/year Exhaust fumes from the craft metal foundries: exhaust fumes from this source contain pollutants such as SO2, CO, NO2, dust, cxhy (Triet and Tuan, 2010) :

According to Labour News (Post 03.20.2013) Ba Ria-Vung Tau has 5 steel plants with their annual operating incurres approximately 650,000 tons of steel slag, 65.000 tons of dust from steel kiln which responsible for impurities of zinc, lead and radioactive substances (Anh, 2013)

According to environmental monitoring report in NhonTrach 5, NhonTrach district, Dong Nai Province:

- Concentration of dust in the sampling site fluctuate from 0.05 ÷ 0,19 mg/m3, the difference between the largest and smallest point is 0,14 mg/m3 and be within the permitted limits of QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT (<0,3mg/m3) (Environmental monitoring report in NhonTrach 5 industrial zone)

- SO2 Concentration is in the range of 0.008 ÷ 0,152mg/m3, SO2 difference between the largest and smallest point is 0,504mg / m3 and be within the permitted limits of QCVN 05: 2009 / BTNMT (<0,35 mg/m3) ( Hoa, 2013)

- CO concentration is in the range of 0.375 ÷ 0,937mg/m3, the difference between the largest and smallest is 0.562 mg/m3 and be within the permitted limit and much lower than QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT (<30mg/m3) (Environmental monitoring report in Nhon Trach 5 industrial zone)

- NO2 concentrations at sampling sites fluctuate between 0.003 ÷ 0,035mg/m3, are within the permitted limits of QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT (<0.2 mg/m3) (Environmental monitoring report in Nhon Trach 5 industrial zone)

Most parameters of ambient air pollution including dust, NO2, SO2, CO, Pb at

12 sample points are within permissible limits of QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT, just noise levels in some location of the industrial zone still exceeded the permitted limit of QCVN 26: 2009/BTNMT

According to environmental impact assessment report in rolling steel workshop with capacity of 50 tons/shift of Phat Đat Company in Ma Ong industrial zone, Bac Ninh city

Table 2 2- Air quality in the project area of Ma Ong Industrial zone

50-61.2 56.6-68.1 55.5-67.6

54.3-61.2

7 NO2 g/m3 200 180 162 178 171

9 H2S g/m3

42(TCVN 5938- 2005)

(Source: BacNinh monitoring stations Report on Environmental Impact Assessment in

rolling steel factory of Dat Phat Company pp 32-47)

Experimental results of air samples at the sampling locations showed dust concentration surpasses than TCCP by 1:18-1:27 times ; SO2 concentration outrips TCCP by 1.03-1.2 times (Ma Ong industrial zone); The other analysis parameters and field measurements have value within the limits of TCVN 5937, 5938: 2005

In general, steel industry in Vietnam is still limited in production technology than other countries over the world, which directly led to emissions source increasing during production process However factories have systems and measures to minimize environmental pollution Solving air pollution caused by steel production required long-term strategy by both society as well as government

PART III METHODS 3.1 Methods of collecting secondary data

To collect and use documents relating to steel rolling factory of TISCO

Data and information about pollution management, air emission treatment in Vietnam and around the world were collected through documents (newspapers, seminars, journals, books) being published and through information on the internet

To collect monitoring datas of the latest two years of the factory (2013, 2014) to ensure objectivity in the assessment of air quality of factory

3.2 The actual survey methods

- Ambient air sampling by specialized equipment

- Measuring, sampling gas emissions sources by special machines

Monitoring equipments:

Table 3 1- Synthesis list of sampling and monitoring equipment

1 Equipment measuring of temperature,

humidity, wind speed

America Kestrel 4000

2 Equipment of noise measuring with

frequency analysis

America SP-SP-2-1/1-10

3 Equipment of vibration Measuring America VI 100

5 Equipment for gas absorption Kimoto Japan Kimoto HS7

6 Equipment for gas absorption Apex America ZC 572-V

7 Equipment of measuring exhaust kiln stack Germany MSI 150 PRO 2-1

Table 3 2- Synthesis of sampling location Sampling symbols Monitoring location Coordinates

5 KK-3.06.1-5 At the southern residential area; main

port of TISCO company

21033’478’’N;

105052’767’’E

6 KK-3.06.1-6 In the 17th household of residential

area, Cam Gia Ward, Thai Nguyen City, far 200 meters from the plant to the northeast

21033’790’’N;

105052’778’’E

7 KK-3.O6.1-7 In the residential area to the

southwest, far 200m from factory

Characteristics of each sampling location

In the steel rolling area : during producing, thermal pollution may occur in the stages,

the total amount of heat being generated by the technology along with solar radiation transmitting through the wall or roof will raise the temperature inside factory

At the billet kiln: where the air flow moving due to discharging of heat sources In

addition, solar radiation heated roofs, roads and grounds causing the temperature difference and create air movement

At the finished product storage: The cargo loading-discharging and circulation of

vehicles transporting materials and will cause noise pollution and arise dust

In the factory’s office: located near the workshop, with many passing vehicles,

including vehicles of employees and containers containing finished product

At the southern residential area: main port of TISCO company: traffic density in this

region is the greatest Exhaust emissions (dust and toxic gases) from the means of transport focus primarily in the main port

In the 17th household of residential area: Cam Gia Ward, Thai Nguyen City, far 200

meters from the plant to the northeast: This is one of the two nearest residential area is located in a safe distance according to the provisions and lies at the end of downwind

In the residential area to the southwest: far 200m from factory: This is one of the two

nearest residential area is located in a safe distance according to the provisions

At the Kiln Stack of factories: discharging fumes contain hazardous substances such

as NH3, NOx, SO2 and large amounts of dust, heat in the kiln stack is also extremely high Therefore the concentration of contaminants can diffuse into the atmosphere

Table 3 3- Sampling methods according to TCVN standard

TT Parameters Code Standard

Stationary source emissions Manual determination of mass concentration of particulate matter

5 NO2

(NOx)

TCVN 6137:2009

Ambient air - Determination of mass concentration of nitrogen dioxide - Modified Griess-Saltzman method

TCVN 7172:2002

Ambient air - Determination of the mass concentration of nitrogen oxides Photometric method using naphtyletylendiamin

Sampling technicalities

For sampling ambient air, the height from the ground 1.2 to 1.5 m, is the height respectively range of human breath, avoid rough dirt influence For gas emissions sources, measured and collected directly at source Sampling, measuring and analysing according to ISO and ISO respectively:

Table 3 4- Sampling technicalities Aim Carry out

- Inserting the filterless into the sampling pump

- Giving an necessary amount for receivers

- Using tongs to take filter paper and put into storage box

- Recording volume, temperature, humidity, pressure

Sampling CO

- Bring sterilized bottle and pumped to the place of sampling

- Using a pump to suck needed amount of air into the bottle

- add PdCl2 (or closed lid, immerse it in cold water during 30minutes, then add PdCl2)

- Using bottle to pour distilled water that brought to the place

of sampling, pouring water into another bottle, then proceed adding PdCl2 as above

Sampling CO2

- Bring sterilized bottle and pumped to the place of sampling

- Sucking air into the bottle+20 ml Barit solution, then closed lid (immerse this bottle in cold water during 30 minutes the add Barit)

- Using bottle to pour distilled water in to another bottle +20ml of Barit solution as above

Sampling NH3

- Add to 2 serial absorber tube with 5ml absorbed solution in each tube

- Operating pump and get the necessary amount

- Close lid and record necessary data of volume, temperature, pressure

Sampling NOX

- Add to 2 serial absorber tube with 5ml absorbed solution in each tube

- Operating pump and get the necessary amount

- Close lid and record data of volume, temperature, pressure

Sampling SO2

- Add to 2 serial absorber tube with 5ml absorbed solution in each tube

- Operating pump and get the necessary amount

- Close lid and record data of volume, temperature, pressure

3.3 Practical methods

Sampling from the factory and analyze samples at the lab, processing the data being measured at the factory to get the appropriate data that is comparable to standard

of environmental regulations under Vietnam law

3.4 Statistic and data processing methods

Arranging the collected results into statistical tables, charts, reasonable adjustment and included in the report, using Microsoft Word and 2 software Microsoft Excel for processing and plotting

PART IV RESULT 4.1 manufacturing technology process

Figure 4 1- Technology diagram (Source: Can Thep Thai Nguyen company)

Notes to the technological scheme:

Input materials are billet being manufactured from large rolling mills or from continuous casting machines with low-carbon Low alloy cross section 150x150mm, 120x120mm with length from 6 to 12m are produced from TISCO, or imported from abroad

The billet admission is carried out by a 10 tons bridge crane through roller conveyor into billet inlet on hip of kiln, then enter into roller system - ranking billet in kiln (including 9 rollers having cooled special water structures mounted in the kiln)

In the kiln, billet is heated to temperature of 1150 to 12000C and was pushed out

of kiln by a hydraulic system Kiln is designed with a capacity of 50T/h, using heavy oil (FO) The heat value is 9600–10000 Kcal/ Kg with fuel consumption 270.000Kcal / ton of product

Then billet is moved on rollers table system through the pushing machine No.1 before shipping to cogging-down stand Which include 6 stands, 3 horizontal stands and 3 vertical stands alternating arrangement to ensure rolled billet is not twisted After that rolling through the first rough were cut their heads by 01 crankshaft cutting machine, then the billet is rolled through the refined rolling system The intermediate-refined rolling system consists of 4 refined rolling stands and 4 intermediate rolling stands Billets were cut off their head and tail by cutter No 2 into Block -10 stands roller Through these Block stands rolled, final products are created depending on their types

After exiting the final rolling stand, steel is passed through heat treatment systems using water to anneal steel surface, increased mechanical properties and weldability of steel products Steel continued to go to the cold floor system through pipe systems From cold floors, steel were moved by catenary system and roller table

to cold cutter to cut as the commercial length of 11,7m Then they are taken to the packing area, balancing, hanging ETIKET and warehousing

For the coil steel, after rolling out the final stand along to path system through QTR equipment, through a pushing machine No 4 on the looping mill, then run on spread floor (cooling floor) to collected pit to create steel rolls These steel rolls were