Những vấn đề đương đại trong lĩnh vực đái tháo đường Chăm sóc Đái tháo đường đang thay đổi nhanh chóng Quản lý Công nghệ Các nghiên cứu Phương pháp điều trị mới... Diabetes Technolo
Trang 1Đái tháo đường týp 2:
Những tiến bộ mới trong Quản lý và Thực hành lâm sàng
PGS.TS Nguyễn Thị Bích Đào
Trang 2Những thách thức
Trang 3• Chi phí chăm sóc ĐTĐ ngày càng tăng
Trang 4HbA1c không phản ánh mức độ biến thiên đường huyết
Adv Ther (2019) 36:579–596 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-0870-x
Trang 5Những vấn đề đương đại
trong lĩnh vực đái tháo đường
Chăm sóc Đái tháo đường đang thay đổi nhanh chóng Quản lý
Công nghệ
Các nghiên cứu
Phương pháp điều trị mới
Trang 7Sử dụng để giúp kiểm soát glucose máu
Cải thiện sự chăm sóc với Telemedicin Telemedicine trong nhãn khoa giúp sàng lọc DR
Trang 8Diabetes Technology -Tiêu chuẩn chăm sóc y
Trong lịch sử, Diabetes Technology được chia thành hai loại chính:
• Thiết bị sử dụng Insulin: ống tiêm, bút hoặc bơm
• Theo dõi đường huyết
máy đo đường huyết hoặc máy đo đường huyết liên tục
• máy đo đường huyết liên tục
thời gian thực và được quét liên tục
• Thiết bị phân phối insulin tự động
Trang 9
• International Consensus on
Time-in-Range Outlines
CGM-Based Targets
• The key takeaways were that
people with type 1 and type 2
diabetes should aim to
Trang 10Technologies for Diabetes Management 2019-2029:
digital health / digital therapeutics, side effect management and diagnosis
Trang 11TỪ NGHÊN CỨU THỬ NGHIỆM LÂM SÀNG
Trang 12Study MACE* CV death MI Stroke Any Death HHF Renal
Trang 13Rate/
1000 PY
n event/
N analysed (%)
Rate/
1000
PY Dedicated cardiovascular outcomes trials: exploratory analyses
creatinine, ESKD or death
from kidney causes
creatinine, ESKD or death
from kidney causes
Favours SGLT2i Favours placebo
Comparisons of trials should be interpreted with caution due to differences in study design, populations and
methodology
*Accompanied by eGFR ≤45 ml/min/1.73 m2; †Nominal p-value eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESKD,
end-stage kidney disease; ESRD, end-end-stage renal disease; NR, not reported; PY, patient-years; RRT, renal replacement
therapy; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor
1 Wanner C et al N Engl J Med 2016;375:323; 2 Wiviott SD et al N Engl J Med 2019;380:347; 3 Perkovic V et al
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018;6:691;
4 Perkovic V et al N Engl J Med 2019; doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811744
Trang 14CREDENCE EMPA-REG OUTCOME population ® : Overall trial
Secondary Composite Kidney Outcomes in EMPA-REG OUTCOME ® and CREDENCE
serum creatinine or death from kidney
Trang 150.25 1 4
Comparator Placebo Hazard ratio
(95% CI)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
n with event/N analysed
ESKD, sustained doubling of serum creatinine and renal
ESKD, sustained doubling of serum creatinine and renal death
EMPA-REG OUTCOME®
Cardiorenal outcomes in patients with proteinuric DKD
in EMPA-REG OUTCOME ® and CREDENCE
15
Favours comparator Favours placebo
Comparison of trials should be interpreted with caution due to differences in study design,
populations and methodology
Cox regression analysis in patients treated with ≥1 dose of study drug p-value relates to test of
homogeneity of treatment group differences among subgroups (test for treatment by subgroup
interaction), with no adjustment for multiple testing Data for patients who did not have an event
were censored on the last day they were known to be free of the outcome „CREDENCE-like‟
definition: eGFR ≥30 to <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 and UACR >300 mg/g ESKD defined as initiation of
RRT or sustained eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m2 eGFR according to CKD-EPI See slide notes for
abbreviations
1 Wanner C et al ISN World Congress of Nephrology 2019; poster; 2 Perkovic V et al N Engl J
Med 2019;DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1811744
Trang 16CARMELINA ® and CAROLINA ® constitute a unique and comprehensive
CVOT programme demonstrating linagliptin‟s long-term safety profile
1 Rosenstock J et al Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018;17:39; 2 Marx N et al Diab Vasc Dis Res 2015;12:164
16
N=6979
CARMELINA ®1
PLACEBO controlled Patients with established CVD and/or CKD
2.2 years duration
N=6033
CAROLINA ®2
Unique ACTIVE comparator
(glimepiride)
Patients with early T2D at increased CV risk
6.3 years duration
A robust CVOT programme demonstrating the LONG-TERM SAFETY OF LINAGLIPTIN
in two independent CVOTs
for a BROAD RANGE of T2D patients
Trang 17Continuum of risk for complications in type 2 diabetes
CVD, cardiovascular disease; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin
1 Rosenstock J et al JAMA 2019;321:69
14.8 years
Baseline insulin use
57% of patients
Atherosclerosis
Chronic kidney disease
Target-organ damage
Symptomati
c
Trang 18TỪ NGHÊN CỨU THỬ NGHIỆM LÂM SÀNG
ĐẾN HƯỚNG DẪN THỰC HÀNH LÂM SÀNG
Trang 19“Among patients with
ASCVD at high risk of heart failure or in whom
*For SGLT2 inhibitors, evidence modestly stronger for empagliflozin > canagliflozin; for GLP-1 RAs, strongest evidence for
liraglutide > semaglutide > exenatide extended release
ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
agonist; SGLT2, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2
1 American Diabetes Association Diabetes Care 2016;39:S1; 2 American Diabetes Association Diabetes Care 2017;40:S1;
3 American Diabetes Association Diabetes Care 2018;41:S1; 4 American Diabetes Association Diabetes Care 2019;42:S1
Thay đổi trong tiếp cận điều trị ĐTĐ từ KSĐH sang quản lý nguy cơ tim mạch
Thay đổi trong tiêu chuẩn chăm sóc ĐTĐ của
These agents provide
modest weight loss
and blood pressure
reduction”1
Glucose lowering
“… empagliflozin or liraglutide should be considered as they have been shown to reduce CV and all- cause mortality when
added to standard
care”2
Consider empagliflozin
or liraglutide to reduce mortality ( Level B )
SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 RAs with demonstrated CVD
benefit are
recommended* ( Level
A )
“… incorporate an agent proven to reduce major adverse
CV events and
CV mortality (currently empagliflozin and liraglutide) ”3
Incorporate an agent proven to reduce CV events and mortality
( Level A )
Jan 2018
Trang 201
ADA 2019: Chu trình điều trị BN ĐTĐ típ 2 - tiếp cận lấy
bệnh nhân làm trung tâm
ADA 2019:
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-SINT01
Trang 22ASCVD, atherosclerotic CVD; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, CV disease; CVOT, CV outcomes trial; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; HF, heart failure; SGLT2i, sodium–glucose transporter 2 inhibitor; T2D, type 2 diabetes
1 Arnett et al J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.010 2 Das et al J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:3200–23
Considering CVOTs in clinical practice: what do
cardiology guidelines say?
Recommendation: SGLT2i or GLP-1
RA as an early add-on to metformin in
patients with T2D and CV risk factors
for primary prevention of CVD 1
What data are highlighted: CVOT
evidence for primary prevention of
HF with SGLT2i
3 RCTs have shown a significant reduction in ASCVD events and HF with use of an SGLT2 inhibitor Although most patients studied had established
CVD at baseline, the reduction in HF
has been shown to extend to primary prevention populations
concurrent to metformin, lifestyle and CVD therapy
• Empagliflozin is the
preferred SGLT2 inhibitor,
and liraglutide is the preferred GLP-1 RA
Trang 23Tóm tắt tác động các thuốc ĐTĐ
lên kết cục tim mạch
European Heart Journal (2019) 00, 1-69
Trang 24Phác đồ điều trị ở BN ĐTĐ típ 2 có bệnh tim mạch xơ vữa hoặc nguy cơ tim mạch cao/rất
cao
European Heart Journal (2019) 00, 1-69
Trang 25Addressing the systemic effects of T2D should be
a core objective of patient management
Although glucose control has traditionally been the main focus of diabetes treatment, patients with T2D require a more holistic clinical management
challenges
implemented using evidence-based guidelines to improve patient outcomes, quality of life and survival
CVOT evidence demonstrating the clinical benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors has led to new recommendations
CVOT, cardiovascular outcomes trial; SGLT2, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2
1 International Diabetes Federation Clinical practice recommendations for managing type 2 diabetes in primary care
2017 https://idf.org/ (accessed Mar 2019); 2 Davies MJ et al Diabetes Care 2018;41:2669; 3 American Diabetes
Association Diabetes Care 2019;42:S1; 4 Das SR et al J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:3200; 5 Sarafidis P et al Nephrol
Dial Transplant 2019;34:208
37
Trang 26Kết luận Tiếp cận điều trị ĐTĐ típ 2 thay đổi theo thời gian
1 American Diabetes Association Diabetes Care 2017;40(Suppl.1):S1-S2;doi:10.2337/dc17-S001 2 Kirby Br J Diabetes Vasc
Dis 2012;12:315–20
Các chiến lược điều trị cho BN ĐTĐ típ 2
đã được cải thiện đáng kể
Trang 27Trân trọng cảm ơn sự quan tâm theo dõi
của quí đồng nghiệp