VIETNAM: UPGRADING AND REHABILITATION OF FOUR PRIMARY CANALS IN PLAIN OF REEDS, DONG THAP PROVINCE

ADB Asian Development Bank AH Affected households CARB Compensation, Assistance and Resettlement Board CPC Commune People’s Committee DMS Detailed Measurement Survey DCARB District C

Document: Resettlement Plan

Document Stage: Final

Project Number: 40190

June 2012

GMS - Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project

VIETNAM: UPGRADING AND REHABILITATION OF FOUR PRIMARY CANALS IN PLAIN OF REEDS, DONG THAP PROVINCE

Prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), Socialist

Republic of Vietnam for Asian Development Bank

The Resettlement Plan is a document of the borrower The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or Staff and may

be preliminary in nature

ADB Asian Development Bank

AH Affected household(s)

CARB Compensation, Assistance and Resettlement Board

CPC Commune People’s Committee

DMS Detailed Measurement Survey

DCARB District Compensation, Assistance and Resettlement Board DPC District People Committee

DPI Department of Planning and Investment

EMA External Monitoring Agency

GMS Greater Mekong Sub-region

IOL Inventory of Losses

LURC Land Usage Right Certificate

MOF Ministry of Finance

MoC Ministry of Construction

MOLISA Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs

MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

PMU Project Management Unit

PPC Provincial Peoples’ Committee

RCS Replacement Cost Study

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i

I PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1

A “Great Mekong Sub-region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation” Project Overview 1

B The subproject “Upgrading and rehabilitation of four primary canals in Plain of Reeds” 1

II SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT 4

A Mitigation Measures 4

B Impacts on Land 4

1 Permanent Impacts 4

2 Impacts on Trees and Crops 7

3 Impacts on Houses and Other Structures 8

4 Impacts on Public assets 12

5 Impacts on Livelihoods and Incomes of Households 12

6 Vulnerable Households 13

III SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFORMATION AND PROFILE 13

A Socio-economic information of sub-project affected areas 13

1 Economic characteristics of the sub-project area 13

2 Demographic characteristics 14

3 Land tenure 15

4 Poor household 15

5 Infrastructure facilities and service access 16

B Socio-economic of affected households 17

1 Demographic characteristics 17

2 Education level 24

3 Labour and Occupation 25

4 Income and expenditure of affected households 28

5 Poor households and vulnerable households 31

6 Access to public services and facilities 32

7 Assets and domestic equipment 33

IV INFORMATION DISSEMINATION, PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 34

A Information dissemination and public consultation 34

V GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 40

VI LEGAL FRAMEWORK 41

A ADB Policy on Resettlement 41

B Compensation Policy of Vietnam Government 43

C Compensation, assistance and resettlement policies of Dong Thap province 44

D Reconciliation of Vietnam Government and ADB Policies 44

VII COMPENSATION, ASSISTANCE AND RESETTLEMENT POLICY 52

A Principles on Compensation, Assistance and Resettlement 52

B Eligibility 53

C Specific entitlements of APs 53

VII RELOCATION OF HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES 59

VIII INCOME RESTORATION 60

A Income restoration activities 60

B Implementation of income restoration activities 61

C Gender Strategy 61

IX RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND FINANCING PLAN 63

A Resettlement Budget 63

B Budget Estimations 63

1 Compensation 63

2 Assistances 64

3 Cost estimate for the sub-project implementation 64

X INSTITUTIONAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT 82

XI IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 85

XII MONITORING AND REPORTING 87

A Internal Monitoring 87

1 Data collection and Reporting 87

2 Internal Monitoring Indicators 87

B External Monitoring 89

APPENDICES: Appendix 1 List of households affected on land 93

Appendix 2 List of households affected on structures and on-land assets 136

Appendix 3 List of households affected on trees and crops 179

Appendix 4 Household Questionnaire 209

Appendix 7 Minutes of Public Consultation Meetings 224 Appendix 8 Photos of Public Consultation Meetings 260 Appendix 9 Total Estimated Cost for Compensation, Assistances and

Resettlement per Commune 261 Appendix 10 Detailed socio-economic information of affected communes 314

Table 2: Counts of Households losing land per commune 6

Table 3: Legal status of affected land 7

Table 4: Impacts on trees 7

Table 5: Impacts on trees categorized by commune 8

Table 6: Impacts on houses and on-land structures 8

Table 7: Number of affected HHs on houses and structures categorized by commune (1) 10

Table 8: Number of affected HHs on houses and structures categorized by commune (2) 11

Table 9: Number of Households Losing Agricultural land by percent lost (%) 12

Table 10: Demographic characteristics of affected households in each commune 18

Table 11: Population structure by age and by gender of affected household members (%) 19

Table 12: Gender of household heads 19

Table 13: Marital status of household heads 21

Table 14: Demographic characteristics of household heads 22

Table 15: Education level of household heads 24

Table 16: Main occupation of affected household heads 26

Table 17: Average monthly income of each affected household member 29

Table 18: Household classification based on poverty line in 2011 31

Table 19: Number of households under preferential social policy/social allowance 32

Table 20: Number of households with health insurance 33

Table 21: Consultative meetings at commune level in April, 2012 36

Table 22: Consultative meetings at commune level in May, 2012 37

Table 23: Consultative meetings at village level in April, 2012 38

Table 24: Consultative meetings at village level in May, 2012 39

Table 25: Discrepancies between Government Policies (Decree 197/ND-CP, Decree 69/NDCP) and ADB SPS (2009) 46

Table 26: Entitlement Matrix 54

Table 27: Total estimated cost for compensation, assistances and resettlement of the subproject 65

Table 28: Implementation schedule 86

Table 29: Internal Monitoring Indicators 87

Table 30: Indicators for External Monitoring and Performance 89

Table 31: Compensation unit price for annual crops and trees 214

Table 32: Compensation unit price for perennial trees 215

Table 33: Unit price of land in rural area 215

Table 34: Replacement cost study result of trees and crops 216

Table 35: Replacement cost study result of structures and houses 218

Table 36: Total estimated cost for compensation, assistances and resettlement of Thong Binh commune 261

Table 38: Total estimated cost for compensation, assistances and resettlement of

Tan Cong Chi commune 270

Table 39: Total estimated cost for Compensation, assistances and resettlement of An Binh B Commune 282

Table 40: Total estimated cost for Compensation, assistances and resettlement of Binh Thanh Commune 286

Table 41: Total estimated cost for Compensation, assistances and resettlement of Phu Tho Commune 290

Table 42: Total estimated cost for Compensation, assistances and resettlement of Phu Thanh B Commune 296

Table 43: Total estimated cost for compensation, assistances and resettlement of Tram Chim Town 302

Table 44: Total estimated cost for compensation, assistances and resettlement of Tan My commune 306

Table 45: Total estimated cost for compensation, assistances and resettlement of Phu Loi commune 310

Table 46: GDP proportion of communes and districts in the sub-project area 314

Table 47: Population structure of the sub-project communes 315

Table 48: Land tunure of the sub-project communes 316

Table 49: Average income per capita of sub-project communes 318

Table 50: Poor and poor threshold households of each affected commune based on poverty line in 2011 318

Table 51: Income per capita of poor households in each sub-project affected commune 321

Table 52: Number of schools in the sub-project affected communes and town 323

Table 53: Number of health center, sick-bed, doctor and medical examination 325

Table 54: Water sources in the sub-project communes and town 327

Table 55: Type of latrine and percentage of user 329

Table 56: Traffic system in the sub-project affected communes 330

Table 57: Number of households with members participating local mass organizations in the sub-project affected communes 331

Figure 1: Location map of the subproject 3 Figure 2: The economic proportion of Dong Thap province in 2011 based on

actual value and the fixed value 14

Affected person

(AP)

- Means any person or persons, household, firm, private or public institution that, on account of changes resulting from the Project, will have its (i) standard of living adversely affected; (ii) right, title

or interest in any house, land (including residential, commercial, agricultural, forest, salt mining and/or grazing land), water resources or any other moveable or fixed assets acquired, possessed, restricted or otherwise adversely affected, in full or in part, permanently or temporarily; and/or (iii) business, occupation, place of work or residence or habitat adversely affected, with or without displacement In the case of a household, the term AP includes all members residing under one roof and operating as a single economic unit, who are adversely affected by a subproject

or any of its components.

Compensation - Means payment in cash or in kind to replace losses of lands,

housing, income and other assets caused by the Project All compensation is based on the principle of replacement cost, which is the method of valuing assets to replace the loss at current market rates, plus any transaction costs such as administrative charges, taxes, registration and titling costs.

Cut-off date Means the date of completing DMS for which land and/or assets

affected by the Project are measured The APs will be informed

of the cut off date for each subproject component, and any people who settle in the subproject area after the cut off date will not be entitled to compensation and assistance under the subproject.

Entitlements - Refers to a range of measures comprising compensation, income

restoration support, transfer assistance, income substitution, relocation support, etc which are due to the APs, depending on the type and severity of their losses, to restore their economic and social base.

Eligibility - Means any person who has settled in the subproject area before

the cut off date that experiences (i) loss of shelter; (ii) loss of assets or ability to access such assets, permanently or temporarily; or, (iii) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, regardless of whether or not he/she was relocated will be entitled

to receive compensation and/or assistances under the Project Income

restoration

- This is the re-establishment of sources of income and livelihood

of the affected households.

Losses (IOL) residence, commerce, agriculture, including ponds; dwelling

units; stalls and shops; secondary structures, such as fences, tombs, wells; trees with commercial value; etc.) and sources of income and livelihood inside the Project right-of-way (project area) are identified, measured, their owners identified, their exact location pinpointed, and their replacement costs calculated Additionally, the severity of impact to the affected assets and the severity of impact to the livelihood and productive capacity of APs will be determined

Land acquisition - Refers to the process whereby an individual, household, firm or

private institution is compelled by a public agency to alienate all

or part of the land it owns or possesses to the ownership and possession of that agency for public purposes in return for compensation at replacement costs.

Rehabilitation - This refers to additional support provided to APs losing

productive assets, incomes, employment or sources of living, to supplement payment of compensation for acquired assets, in order to achieve, at a minimum, full restoration of living standards and quality of life.

Relocation - This is the physical displacement of an AP from her/his

pre-project place of residence and/or business.

Replacement

cost

- Means the method of valuing assets at current market value, or its nearest equivalent, plus any transaction costs such as administrative charges, taxes, registration and titling costs.

Replacement

Cost Study

- This refers to the process involved in determining replacement costs of affected assets based on empirical data.

Resettlement - This includes all measures taken to mitigate any and all adverse

impacts of a project on AP property and/or livelihoods, including compensation, relocation (where relevant), and rehabilitation as needed.

Resettlement

Plan (RP)

- This is a time-bound action plan with budget setting out compensation and resettlement strategies, objectives, entitlement, actions, responsibilities, monitoring and evaluation Severely

affected

households

-

This refers to affected households who will (i) lose 10% or more

of their total productive land and/or assets, (ii) have to relocate; and/or (iii) lose 10% or more of their total income sources due to the subproject.

Vulnerable

groups

- These are distinct groups of people who might suffer disproportionately or face the risk of being further marginalized by the effects of resettlement and specifically include: (i) female headed households with dependents, (ii) disabled household heads, (iii) households falling under the generally accepted indicator for poverty, (iv) children and the elderly households who are landless and with no other means of support, and (v) landless households, and (vi) indigenous people or ethnic minorities

A Subproject Description

1 Under the Greater Mekong Sub-region Flood and Drought Risk Management and

Mitigation Project (hereinafter referred to as Project), the subproject “Upgrading and rehabilitation of four primary canals in Plain of Reeds” (hereinafter referred to as Subproject)

aims to address the constraints of drainage capacity and provide water for four primary canals, namely: Khang Chien, Thong Nhat, Tan Cong Chi-Doc Vang Ha, Cai Cai of Tan Hong, Hong Ngu, Tam Nong, Thanh Binh districts, Dong Thap province The subproject will resovle these limitations by providing budget for constructing irrigation infrastructure including dredging the canals and building items like culverts, bridges and soil storages (for population distribution)

2 The subproject “Upgrading and rehabilitation of four primary canals in Plain of Reeds”

will positively contribute to mitigate the loss of lives and property for approximately 520,000 people living in flood area About 364,000 farmers will escape from the threat of droughts, floods The farmers are not only stable for living and producing, but also have chances for the

development of livestock, poultry and aquaculture products to increase income

B Scope of Resettlement Impacts

3 The implementation of the subproject will permanently acquire 505,264.58 m2 from 1,266 households (a total of 5,292 affected persons) of thirteen (13) communes/towns of four (4) districts, namely Tan Hong, Hong Ngu, Tam Nong and Thanh Binh districts, Dong Thap province Of the total affected area, 436,105.26 m2 is land used by 323 households (1,284 persons) for planting annual trees and crops (rice and subsidiary crops); 19,971.9 m2 is used

by 25 households (168 persons) for planting perennial trees (fruit trees); 3,692.75 m2 is aquaculture land of eleven (11) households (48 persons); 43,164.77 m2 is residential land of

351 households (1,405 persons); 134.2 m2 is land used for transportation and 2,195.7 m2 is irrigation land

4 Of the total of 1,266 affected households (HHs), 775 HHs have land affected by the subproject 487 HHs will lose agricultural land, 351 HHs will lose residential land and 54 HHs will lose both agricultural and residential land

5 Of the 478 households (HHs) losing agricultural land, 49 HHs or 10.25% of the total number of households affected on agricultural land will lose more than 10% of their total arable land In 351 households losing residential land, three (03) HHs will lose total holding residential land and have to be resettled while the remaining residential land of 28 HHs having affected residential land will still be viable for continued use; thus these households will move-back to rebuild their house in the remaining residential land

6 The sub-project will affect 32,026.28 m2 of houses of 575 households (mainly temporary shacks to take care and protect fruit trees); 12,518.99 m2 of structures of different types of 475 HHs and 86,417 trees of different types belonging to 718 households

7 The implementation of the subproject “Upgrading and rehabilitation of four primary canals in Plain of Reeds” will affect two (02) pumping stations The subproject does not affect any public assets

C Information disclosure and public consultation

and the related agencies; (ii) Collect suggestions and opinions of local authorities, the affected community and people on the issues such as the scale of land acquisition; the mitigation measures of land acquisition; the compensation, assistance, resettlement policies; the income restoration activities and the grievance redress mechanism; (iii) Attract the co- operation and participation of the affected community, people and the related agencies in the preparation and implementation of the resettlement plan; (iv) In order to ensure the transparency of the project information; all related activities such as land acquisition; compensation, support, resettlement, and income restoration are closely discussed, consultations on these matters are held with the affected community, people, and related agencies and Project Information Booklets are delivered into their hands through consultation meetings Public consultation and information disclosure have been done in April and May, 2012 and during PPTA There were 26 consultation meetings held in 12 affected communes and one (01) affected town The consultation meetings attracted 983 participants, of which 46.9% are female Through the consultation meetings, local people have understood the scope of land acquisition and agreed with the compensation policies as

well as the compensation, assistance and resettlement plan

D Legal and Policy Framework

9 Policies on compensation, assistance and resettlement are identified based on current regulations and laws of ADB and the Government of Vietnam In case, there are any discrepancies between Government and ADB policies, ADB policies will be applied The entitlements are summarized in the entitlement matrix (Table 28)

10 A Resettlement Plan for the sub-project was prepared based on and consistent with the relevant laws and regulations of the Government of Vietnam and the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) The main objective of this Resettlement Plan is to ensure that resettlement impacts are avoided or mitigated and, if these cannot be avoided, to help ensure that the livelihoods of the affected people are restored to at least pre-project conditions; and to restore livelihoods and improve living standards of poor and vulnerable

households

E Compensation, Assistance and Benefits

11 Consistent with the principles and policies of the overall Greater Mekong Sub-region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project for Vietnam, APs of the sub- project “Upgrading and rehabilitation of four primary canals in Plain of Reeds” have the right

to be compensated and assisted depending on the types and severity of loss The entitlements are summarized in the Entitlement Matrix and will be revised, as needed, as

part of Resettlement Plan updating following the DMS and based on detailed project design

F Resettlement Budget and Financing Plan

12 The budget for implementing the compensation, assistance and income restoration

for affected households is estimated at VND180,789,404,635 ($8,683,448.83 USD) This

amount includes administration fee (2% of total budget) a n d 10% for contingency This will

be updated following completion of the DMS and replacement cost study results at the time

of RP updating

13 The budget for implementing the compensation, assistance and income restoration for affected households will be updated following the DMS results for each component of subproject and replacement cost study results at the time of updating RP

A “Great Mekong Sub-region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation” Project Overview

1 The Project will improve the capacity of GMS countries and communities in the lower Mekong basin (LMB) in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Viet Nam to prepare for, respond to, and recover from the negative impact of floods and droughts

2 For Vietnam, the investments proposed are comprised of three non-structural projects and four structural subprojects to mitigate the adverse impacts of extreme weather events in two provinces (Tien Giang and Dong Thap) in the Mekong Delta In Tien Giang, the proposed structural subprojects are (i) Go Cong water management improvement; and (ii) flood control system for Ba Rai – Phu An area With Dong Thap, the subprojects to be considered include (i) Upgrading and rehabilitation of four primary canals in Plain of Reeds; and (ii) Bank protection for the Mekong River at Thuong Thoi Tien town (Go Cong district) All structural subprojects include provisions for strengthening community-based disaster preparedness

sub-3 The structural interventions by the Project deal with: (i) upgrading and rehabilitating primary canal systems to strengthen flood drainage capacity in flood season and increase water conveyance capacity in dry season to secure a stabilized agricultural production, supporting poverty reduction for the local people; improve waterway transportation, etc (ii) protecting fruit trees from flood risks; and (iii) protecting people and infrastructure facilities against river bank erosion Benefits of the structural subprojects protect households, agriculture and infrastructure that includes Summer-Autumn paddy areas and high-value fruit tree zones, facilitating timely seeding in Winter-Spring crop season and meeting requirements for irrigation, drainage and soil improvement, preventing bank erosion, and improving the ecological environment of the area The main outputs of the project intervention will be: (i) flood and drought risk management infrastructure upgraded; (ii) capacity for community based F&D management developed; (iii) regional coordination for management of climate extremes strengthened; and (iv) effective project implementation

4 A Resettlement Plan has been prepared for the sub-project “Upgrading and rehabilitation of four primary canals in Plain of Reeds”, consistent with applicable local and national laws and Safeguard Requirement 2 of ADB SPS (2009)

B The subproject “Upgrading and rehabilitation of four primary canals in Plain of Reeds”

5 The subproject “Upgrading and rehabilitation of four primary canals in Plain of Reeds” – one of four structural subprojects under the "Great Mekong Sub-region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation" Project in Vietnam – aims to address the constraints of drainage capacity and provide water for four primary canals, namely: Khang Chien, Thong Nhat, Tan Cong Chi-Doc Vang Ha, Cai Cai of Tan Hong, Hong Ngu, Tam Nong, Thanh Binh districts, Dong Thap province The subproject will resovle these limitations by providing budget for constructing irrigation infrastructure including dredging the canals and building items like sewers, bridges and soil storages (for population

distribution), specifically as followings:

(i) Cai Cai canal route: is 19,668 m in length; departures from So Ha- Cai Co

irrigation ditch (bordering Cambodia), ends at Hong Ngu-Vinh Hung canal, passes through Thong Binh, Tan Thanh A and Tan Phuoc communes of Tan Hong district

(ii) Tan Chi Cong- Doc Vang Ha route: is 36,057 m m in length; departures

from Tan Thanh canal-Lo Gach irrigation ditch, ends at Khang Chien canal (from Cai Tre irrigation ditch to Doc Vang Ha canal); passes through Tan Cong Chi commune

of Tan Hong district, Phu Hiep, Phu Duc communes and Tram Chim town of Tam Nong district, Tan My commune of Thanh Binh district Dredging length is 17.272

km, including 2 sections: from K0+000 (Tan Thanh-Lo Gach) to K7+655 (Hong Vinh Hung) and from K26+440 (Dong Tien) to K36+057 (An Phong-My Hoa); twenty-

Ngu-seven (27) culverts will be built

(iii) Thong Nhat Canal route: is 30,040m in length; departures from Tan Thanh

canal-Lo Gach irrigation ditch, ends at Doc Vang Ha canal; passes through An Phuoc and Tan Cong Chi communes of Tan Hong district, Binh Thanh and An Binh communes of Hong Ngu district, Phu Thanh B and Phu Tho communes of Tam Nong district and Phu Loi and Tan My communes of Thanh Binh district Dredging

length is 30,040m; sixty-two (62) culverts will be built

(iv) Khang Chien Canal route: is 32,263 m in length; departures from Tan

Thanh canal-Lo Gach irrigation ditch, ends at Doc Vang Ha canal; passes through Binh Thanh, An Binh A and An Binh B communes of Hong Ngu district, Phu Thanh

A, Phu Thanh B and Phu Tho communes of Tam Nong district, Phu Loi commune of Thanh Binh district Dredging length is 14,000m (from Tan Thanh-Lo Gach canal to

An Phuoc canal); fourty three (43) culverts will be built

6 The subproject “Upgrading and rehabilitation of four primary canals in Plain of Reeds” will positively contribute to mitigate the loss of lives and property for approximately

520,000 people living in flood area About 364,000 farmers will escape from the threat of droughts, floods The farmers are not only stable for living and producing, but also have chances for the development of livestock, poultry and aquaculture products to increase income

Figure 1: Location map of the subproject

A Mitigation Measures

7 Measures to minimize the impacts of the sub-project have been comprehensive calculated by the Owner, design consultants and local authorities Furthermore, during the public consultations, affected community proposed measures to minimize impact on land acquisition and on-land assets The mitigation measures for land acquisition and on-land assets include:

(i) 137 culverts, four (4) bridges are designed in positions where have the

least impact on land

(ii) Building materials will be transported by waterway Building materials

gathering area will be arranged on the canals to mitigate the impact on households’ land

(iii) Workers’ camp area, the operation area, construction machinery and

materials gathering area will be arranged on permanently affected land and

on the water surface to minimize impacts on land and assets of local people

(iv) Construction process will be strictly monitored to minimize spillage of rock

and soil which affects fields, areas planted with fruit trees, and the road system of households within the subproject area

B Impacts on Land

1 Permanent Impacts

8 According to the Inventory of Losses (IOL), the implementation of the subproject will involve permanent acquisition of 505,264.58 m2 of land belonging to 1,266 households (5,292 persons) of thirteen (13) communes/towns of four (4) districts, namely Tan Hong, Hong Ngu, Tam Nong and Thanh Binh districts, Dong Thap province Of the total affected area, 436,105.26 m2 is land used by 323 households (1,284 persons) for planting annual trees and crops (rice and subsidiary crops); 19,971.9 m2 is used by 25 households (168 persons) for planting perennial trees (fruit trees); 3,692.75 m2 is aquaculture land of eleven (11) households (48 persons); 43,164.77 m2 is residential land

of 351 households (1,405 persons); 134.2 m2 is land used for transportation and 2,195.7 m2 is irrigation land

9 Three (03) households in Tan My communes will have to be resettled Area of affected land as well as the number of affected households in each commune are presented in Table 1 and Table 2 below:

District Commune

Agricultural land (m 2 )

Residential land (m 2 )

Transportation land (m 2 )

Irrigation land (m 2 ) Total (m

2

)

Land for annual crops

Aquaculture land

District Commune

Paddy rice field

Aquacultural land

Land for perennial land

Residential land

Source: Results of IOL

10 The total 775 households whose lands will be acquired include 478 HHs only losing agricultural land, 351 HHs only losing residential land and 54 HHs losing both residential and agricultural land All affected households (AHs) own Land Use Rights Certificates (LURCs)

Commune/

Owners with LURCs

Owners eligible

to acquire LURCs

Owners without LURCs

AHs

Owne

rs with LUR

Cs

Owners eligible to acquire LURCs

Owners without LURCs

Source: Results of IOL

2 Impacts on Trees and Crops

11 According to the IOL, the implementation of the subproject will affect 86,417 trees of different types of 2059 HHs The affected trees include: 693 jackfruits; 1715 coconut trees;

68 longans; 518 mangos; 192 star fruits and guavas; 11 grapefruits; 7,646 clusters of bananas; 953 kumquats; 64,788 eucalyptuses; 7,895 tamarinds and 1,848 clusters of bamboos Most of the affected trees are located in Tan My commune, where 718 HHs will be affected by the loss of a total of 28,288 trees of different types Meanwhile the other communes like An Bind A, Tan Cong Chi, Tan Pruco communes have paddy rice field affected only

Table 4: Impacts on trees

Source: Results of IOL

12 The subproject will affect 436,105.26 m2 of paddy rice field of households However, this area will only be acquired after HHs complete the crop harvest, so the rice output will not

be affected

3 Impacts on Houses and Other Structures

13 The sub-project will affect 32,026.28 m2 of houses of 575 households The affected area includes 30,326.72 m2 of temporary houses of 544 HHs (2274 persons) and 1,699.56

m2 of semi-concreted houses of 31 HHs (140 persons) The the largest affected area is in Tan My which has 13,741.77 m2 area of affected houses Temporary house area (built on both residential and agricultural land) is affected most, with the total affected area of 30,326.72 m2 accountin for 94.69% of all types of houses affected by the subproject The communes like An Binh A, An Phuoc, Tan Phuoc, Tan Chi Cong have no impacts on houses Three (3) households (12 persons) will lose total residential land (1,023 m2) and their house area (261.32 m2) Information on the impacts of sub-projects on houses is presented in the following tables:

Table 6: Impacts on houses and on-land structures

Area (m2) No of HHs Area (m2) No of HHs

13 Tân Phước - - - -

14 In addition to the affected houses, the implementation of the subproject will have impacts on many on-land structures In particular, the sub-project will affect 1,631.38 m2 of yard; 3,500.64 m2 of fence, 8 m3 of water tank, 15 built graves and 5 earth graves In 1,631.38 m2 of affected yard, 248.95 m2 is concrete yard; 818.38 m2 cement yard; 564.05 m2 baked brick yard The subproject is located on the main canals, thus its implementation will affect a lot of discharging culverts and pipes into the canal of households According to the IOL, the implementation of subprojects will affect 4755.68 m PVC pipe and 501.46 m3 concrete culverts There are also other assets affected by the subproject such as water

tanks, iron gates, fences v v Details are presented in the following tables:

Table 7: Number of affected HHs on houses and structures categorized by commune (1)

No Commune

Tole cover Water tank Concrete yard Cement yard Baked brick

yard

Steel-enforced concrete pile Brick fence Iron gate

Area (m2)

No

of HHs

Area (m2)

No

of HHs

Area (m2)

No

of HHs

Area (m2)

No

of HHs

Area (m2)

No

of HHs

Area (m2)

No

of HHs

Area (m2) No of

HHs

Area (m2)

No of HHs

No Commune

Plastic pipe d20 Plastic pipe d34 Plastic pipe

Steel-enforced concrete pile

Barbed wire fence Built grave (grave)

Earth grave (grave) Length

(m)

No

of HHs

Length (m)

No

of HHs

Length (m)

No

of HHs

Length (m)

No of HHs

Volume (m3)

No

of HHs

Length (m)

No

of HHs

Grave No of

No

of HHs

4 Impacts on Public assets

15 The implementation of the subproject “Upgrading and rehabilitation of four primary canals in Plain of Reeds” will affect two (02) pumping stations Besides, the subproject does

not affect any public assets

5 Impacts on Livelihoods and Incomes of Households

16 The IOL results show that the potentially acquired area is agricultural land (specializing in the growing of fruit trees, rice and subsidiary crops), thus the land acquisition will have no impacts on production-business land and business households

17 Forty-nine (49) households (198 persons) will lose more than 10% of their total arable land 36 households will lose from 10-30% of their arable land; 11 households will lose between 30-70% of their arable land, and 02 households will lose 70% of their total production land These households need special assistance to rehabilitate their incomes and livelihoods to least to pre-project levels

Table 9: Number of Households Losing Agricultural land by percent lost (%)

18 All households belong to the Kinh ethnic group Identifed vulnerable households among those affected are: 171 poor HHs, nine (9) Heroic Vietnamese Mother HHs accounting for 0.7 % of total AHs; 14 disabled HHs accounting for 1.1% of total AHs; 66 female-headed HHs accounting for 47.5% of HHs with female householders and 5.2% of total AHs

III SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFORMATION AND PROFILE

A Socio-economic information of sub-project affected areas

19 The sub-project will be carried out in twelve (12) communes and one town belonging

to Hong Ngu town, Tan Hong, Tam Nong and Thanh Binh districts, Dong Thap province A socio-economic survey was carried out for communities in the sub-project area A detailed assessment of socio-economic and cultural situation of the community in the sub-project area was conducted The assessment methods include: (i) Using available the documents in the community (statistical data and the socio-economic development reports at all levels and reports of local social organizations ); (ii) Discussion with leaders of CPCs and town and representatives of mass organizations; (iii) interviewing key officials of the affected communes (or town); (iv) focus group discussions with groups of affected households and (v) Conducting detailed survey by the statistical forms for total 115 households directly affected by the subproject

20 In addition to the IOL, consultant carried out socio-economic survey (SES) for total 1,266 affected households, 13 in-depth interviews for female groups (65 female interviewees) and 13 group discussions (54 participants) and collection of secondary socio- economic information at commune/ward level in twelve (12) communes and one town in the sub-project affected area

1 Economic characteristics of the sub-project area

Economic characteristics of Dong Thap province

21 With the important position as the gateway province in the Long Xuyen Quadrangle and the economic zone in Northern Tien river border gate towards the Southern key economic zone, in addition to the economic strong points including rice plantation, aquaculture and fruit plantation, Dong Thap has strong potential to develop commerce- service sector The growth of the province's GDP in 2011 based on 1994 fixed value was estimated at 13.55% (13.02% in 2010), of which the contribution of Agriculture - Forestry- Fisheries sector is 26.2% equivalent to 324,014 million of additional value; Industry - Construction sector is 5.90% equivalent to VND847,794 million of additional value; Commerce – Service is 5.39% equivalent to 774,938 million of additional value (fixed value

in 1994) The proportion of economic sectors based on actual value and the fixed value is shown in the diagram below:

Figure 2: The economic proportion of Dong Thap province in 2011 based on actual value

and the fixed value

22 According to socio-economic of Dong Thap province in 2011, average income per capita in this province was 21,510,000 VND/person/year (based on actual value) increasing 28.57% (1,027 USD) compared to 2010 The average income per capita was 9,724,000

VND/person/year increasing 13.27% (882 USD) compared to 2010

Economic characteristics of the sub-project area

23 The major economic development in the sub-prject area i agricultural production with emphasis on rice (specializing or rotation with aquaculture), aquaculture, animal husbandry The area also has strong potential for commerce - service sector development with the construction of road N1 and road N2, Thuong Phuoc and Dinh Ba border gates, Nature Reserve Zone and National Park (Tram Chim National Park)

24 Socio-economic information collected in the sub-project communes showed that GDP in 2011 of the communes was approximately 79.615 million VND, of which Agriculture

- Forestry - Fisheries contributed 83.31 %, Industry - Construction contributed 8.46% contribution, Commerce - Service contributed 23.8% GDP of Thanh Phu B commune and Tram Chim town in Tam Nong district and An Binh A, An Binh B and Binh Thanh communes

in Hong Ngu district (from 85,000 to115,000 million VND) was higher than that of the remaining communes The value of GDP and the proportion of economic sectors of 12 communes and 1 town in the subproject area is presented in the appendix 10

2 Demographic characteristics

25 Total population of 12 sub-project communes and one town is 134,099 persons, 51.11% of whom are male and 48.89% of whom are female Total households in the sub- project area is 33,531 households with average size of 3.75 persons The average population density of sub-project affected communes/towns is 299.62 persons/km2 lower than the density of Dong Thap province (506 persons/km2) The local people are mainly Kinh people ( 98.7%), 1.3% of the remaining people belonging to Hoa and Khmer ethnic groups However, there has not any ethnic people All affected households are Kinh people

population Although labour force in the area was abundant, the rate of labour being in employment was only from 80.31% to 85.36%; the remaining people in working age were housewives and the unemployed Among employed labour in the sub-project area, 61.09%

of them are working in agriculture and forestry sector; 13.36% of them are working in industry-construction sector, 25.55% of them are working in commerce-service sector

3 Land tenure

27 Total natural land of 12 communes and one town in the sub-project area is 44,756.0

ha, of which agricultural land is about 37,147.0 ha (83.0% of total natural land) Garden land area is relative large (11.27% of total natural land) The sub-project will affect 505,264.58 m2 of land among the total natural land , including: 436,105.26 m2 of agricultural land, 43,164.77 m2 of residential land; 19,971.9 m2 of perennial tree land; 3,692.75 m2 of aquaculture land; 2,195.7 m2 of irrigation land and 134.2 m2 of traffic land

Income of local people

28 Major source of income of people in the sub-project area is agricultural production Main agricultural production includes growing rice and crops, rotation of crops in isle, fisheries in flood season Main aquatic products in the sub-project area are commercial fishes, shrimp, sutchi catfish and other products Besides, animal husbandry also brings income for a small part of local people According to results of the SES, average income per capita of the communes is from VND939,000/person/month to VND 1,350,000 /person/month The average income of communes in Hong Ngu town is higher than the other communes (from VND1,053,000/person/month to VND1,350,000 /person/month) thanks to the development of industry-construction sector and commerce-service sector

4 Poor household

29 According to Decision No 09/2011/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on poverty line and poverty threshold applying for 2011 to 2015 period, poor households in rural area are households with average income less than VND400,000/person/month; poor households in urban area are households with income per capita below VND500,000 /person/month; poor threshold households in rural area are households with average income from VND401,000/person/month to VND520,000/person/month; poor threshold households in urban area are households with average income from VND501,000/person/month to VND650,000/person/month According to the poverty line issused in 2011, total poor households in the sub-project communes are 4,729 households (13.75% on average); total poor threshold households are 2,601 households (7.75% on average)

30 Poverty rate of communes (Thông Bình, Tân Thành A, Tân Công Chí, An Phước, Tân Phước) in Tan Hong district is relative high (14.49% - 22.79% of total households of the whole commune) Tan Hong district has the highest poverty rate in Dong Thap province (31% of total poor households in province) The poverty rate results from geographical position of Tan Hong district which is far from center of the province and is suffered from annually long spell of flood Poverty rate of An Bình A, An Bình B and Bình Thạnh communes in Hong Ngu town is from 03% to 4.25% Poverty rate of these communes is relative low compared to poverty rate of the whole Hong Ngu district (13.57%)

31 Statistical data on income of poor household in the sub-project affected communes showed that income per capita is from VND209,000/person/year to VND320,000/person/year Main source of income of poor households is agricultural

shown in the Appendix 10

5 Infrastructure facilities and service access

Education

32 There have 94 schools at all educational levels All communes have schools at three levels: Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary schools; 5 out of 12 communes and 01 town have high schools (Tan Thanh A and An Phuoc communes - Tan Hong district; Phu Tho commune and Tram Chim town - Tam Nong district) Although building a network of schools and procurement of teaching equipment have been paid attention to and invested in by the local authorities but the impact of flood caused significant losses for the education infrastructure system in the area

33 There have 795 teachers and 11.379 students in the sub-project affected communes and town Ratio of teacher to student at all educational levels in the affected communes and town is respectively (i) kindergarten: 4.3%; (ii) primary school: 4.4% (iii) secondary school: 10.8%; (iv) high school: 21.3% Among the affected communes and town, Tan Phuoc commune (Tan Hong district) and Phu Tho commune (Tam Nong district) have the highest ratio of teacher to student and (8.2%), whereas , Phu Loi commune (Thanh Binh district) has

the lowest of teacher to student (5.7% rate)

Health center system

34 There are 48 health centers including hospital, health centers and private health practices (111 sick-beds; 26 doctors, 13 nurses and 13 physicians) All the affected communes have one health center with 04 - 05 sick-beds and one doctor, one nurse and one physician There has only one hospital in Tràm Chim town –Tam Nông district with 45 sick-beds, 11 doctors, 8 nurses and 6 physicians All the health centers have met local people’s needs of medical examination and treatment basically In 2011 these 48 health

centers conducted medical examination for 28,263 participations

Water supply

35 Main water source in sub-project area of water projects is tap-water (85.93% of households are using tap-water) In addition to tap-water, water from drilled wells and rainwater are used by a small group of households with 1.37% and 26.6% respectively Water supply has been complied with the socializing water supply in rural area program with

5 implementation models: (i) cooperative management, (ii) public management, (iii) CPC management, (iv) Center for clean water and rural environmental sanitation management, (v) enterprise and private individuals invested in building water supply stations Households

in Thanh Binh district also join the Unicef funded program on the construction and

installation of pilot water supply models and clean water containers

Sanitation condition

36 Secondary data on latrine use in the affected communes and town showed that: there are 25,501 households (87.98% of total households in the sub-project area) using septic latrines Temporary latrines accounts for 1.48% Data on type of latrines and percentage of latrine users in the sub-project affected communes and town are presented in

the appendix 10

Traffic condition

to the north and crossing Dinh Ba border gate (Tan Hong district) and connecting provincial road 841 with Thuong Phuoc border gate (Hong Ngu), is considered the provincial artery in the Plain of Reeds and also the important road in economic exchange in Vietnam - Cambodia border gate area National road.30 along the western boundary of the sub-project area, (ii) National road 80 through the region between Tien river and Hau river, connecting National road.1A (Tien river) with National road.91 (Hau river), is considered the main road from the Long Xuyen Quadrangle toward the south key economic zone, (iii) National road.54 along Hau river toward Can Tho City

38 With respect to waterway, the Tien river waterway is an important waterway connecting the South China Sea with countries in upstream of Mekong river and also the important international waterway in the Mekong Delta Tien river runs along the western boundary of the sub-project area Although the portion of Hau river through the Dong Thap province is not long but it is the international waterway in the Plain of Reeds area In addition to river waterway, large canals such as Lap Vo, Muong Khai (connecting Tien river with Hau river), Trung Uong, Dong Tien, Nguyen Van Tiep have created an important waterway system for exchange of goods between the Dong Thap province and the Mekong Delta and Ho Chi Minh City Trung Uong and Dong Tien canals are the horizontal canals in

the sub-project area

Participation in mass organizations

39 Among the total households of sub-project affected communes and town, 45.96% of whom have members participating in local mass organization, including: 18.98 % of households with members participating in a women’s union branch, 1.18% of households with members veterans’ union, 23.00% of households with members participating farmers’ union branch and 2.80% of households with members participating in youth union

40 The detailed information on the socio-economic of the affected communes is attached in the appendix 10

B Socio-economic of affected households

41 Socio-economic survey by household questionnaire designed for potentially affected households was carried out for all affected households in the sub-project area Besides, the consultancy has combined in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with groups of poor and vulnerable households such as women headed households and households under preferential social policies Results of the socio-economic survey are presented below

1 Demographic characteristics

42 Population: Total households affected by the sub-project are 1,266 households (5,292 persons) Among the affected people, Among the affected people, 50.1% are male and and 49.9% are female The population structure of affected households by gender and

by age is summarized in Table 10

43 Survey results showed that most affected people are in working age (from 15 to 60 year olds), accounting for 68.82%, of which 34.16% are male and 33.28% are female Number of people in young population group (under 15yrs) accounts for 28.61% and in old population group (above 61 yrs) accounts for 2.27% This population structure showed the scope of impacts of the sub-project on livelihood of households and vulnerable groups (the

elderly)

District Commune Number of AHs (HH) Number of Aps

Percentage (%)

Number

of person

Percentage (%)

Source: Results of socio-economic survey for affected communes

44 Size of affected households: Average size of affected households is 4.18 persons/ household Among 1,266 households surveyed, 139 households are women headed households - accounting for 11%, 1,127 households are men headed households- accounting for 89% (See

District Commune/town Male Female Total

(person) (person) (person)

Source: Results of socio-economic survey for affected communes

46 Marital status: According to survey on the marital status of 1,266 affected

household heads, 181 household heads (93.3%) are married, 2 households are divorced,

and 4.7% of household heads are widowed/ single (presented Table 13)

District Commune/town

Married Divorced

Widowed /

Source: Results of socio-economic survey for affected communes

47 Age of affected household heads: Affected household heads belong to different

age: average age of household heads is 46, the lowest age of household heads is 23 and the highest age of household heads is over 70 Age structure of the household heads are divided as follows: 19% of household heads are in young age group (23-32 years old) (including 210 men and 28 women) 18% of household heads are in 33 -42 years old group (including 203 men and 25 women); 16% of household heads are in 43-52 years old group (including 183 men and 20 women), 22% of household heads are in 53 - 62 years old group (including 249 men and 34 women), 14% of household heads are in 62-72 years old group (including 158 men and 17 women) and 11% of household heads are over 72 years old group According to these age groups, number of household heads in the 53-62 years old group and 23-32 years old group is larger than other groups Number of household heads in

over 72 years old group is lowest (see Table 14)

Table 14: Demographic characteristics of household heads

District Commune/town Gender Age distribution Total

48 A survey on education level of household heads showed that most household heads achieved secondary education including 60 females and 485 males, accounting for 43.1% of all households who were surveyed; 21% of household heads achieved primary education, including 29 females and 238 males; 35% of household heads achieved high school education, including 48 females and 396 male; 0.9 % of the remaining household heads (10 males) achieved university education Education level of affected household

heads of each commune is summarized in Table 15

Table 15: Education level of household heads

District Commune Gender

Education level

Total Primary

school

Secondary school

High school University (Person) (Person) (Person) (Person) (Person)

49 Results of survey on main occupation of affected household heads showed that agriculture production (including cultivation, animal husbandry and aquaculture) is the main occupation of most of the affected household heads, accounting for 82%; 2% are government officials; 10% are employees of private companies or individuals ; 4% are businessmen; 2% are other occupations (housewife, tailor or unemployed people,… ) Occupation of affected household heads is presented in details in Table 16

Table 16: Main occupation of affected household heads

District Commune Gender

District Commune Gender

4 Income and expenditure of affected households

50 The average monthly income of the affected households varies depending on their source of income The socio-economic survey showed that the lowest monthly income of households in affected communes is 400,000 VND/household/month and the highest is 1,200,000 VND/household/month Monthly income of 13% of surveyed households is lower than 400,000 VND Households whose income is lo

Households whose income is over 1,200,000 VND/household/month are households with members working for the Government or business Average monthly income of each affected household (4 persons on average) in 2011 is 4,230,000 VND

51 Average monthly expenses of affected households amounts to 3,165,000 VND, including expenses for food, health, education, festival, social responsibilities and other regular expenses such as gas, petrol, electricity and telephone bills,…

52 Results of the socio-economic survey for households affected and their average

monthly income is presented in Table 17