40 đề thi thpt quốc gia môn tiếng anh (có lời giải chi tiết)

Family members can help each other alot.” Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the words CLOSEST inmeaning to the underlined words in each of the following quest

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BỘ ĐỀ THI THPT QUỐC GIA MÔN TIẾNGA N H Đề 01

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose

underlinedpartdiffersfromtheotherthreeinpronunciationineachofthefollowingquestions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from theother three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that

needscorrection in each of the following questions.

5 Dreams arecommonly made up of eithervisual andverbal i m a g e s

8 Anewschool They hope to finish building it nextmonth.

A isbeingbuilt B.hasbeenbuilt C.isbuilt D.wasbuilt

9 Weobject your leaving dinner to take phonecalls.

10 Thisshirtis thatone.

C.not nearly ase x p e n s i v e as D.much far expensivethan

11 Please take all personal belongingswithyou leaving thetrain

12 It isstillunclear the Mayor will accept the recommendations of the CityC o u n c i l

13 ThePTA parents and teachers who support the school by fund raising and other

activities

14 We arec o n s i d e r i n g having for the coming NewYear.

A redecoratedourflat B.to redecorate ourflat

C.our flat tob e redecorated D.our flatredecorated

15 In Vietnam, twoo r more may live in ahome.

A generations B.generous C.generalizations D.generators

16 Inaformalinterview,itisessentialtomaintaingoodeye with theinterviewers.

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A contact B.touch C.link D.c o n n e c t i o n

17 Thesmall, farmsofNewEnglandwerenotappropriatefortheMidwest.

C.supportingthemselves D.they supportthemselves

18 Too manyf a c t o r i e s dispose their waste by pumping it into rivers and thes e a

19 We expected her at nine butshefinally atmidnight.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response tocomplete each of the following exchanges.

20 “CanIcarrythesesuitcasesintotheroomforyou?”-“ ”

21 A: “I think it is a good idea to have three or four generations living under one roof

B:“ Family members can help each other alot.”

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST inmeaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

22 They are going tosuffera lot of criticism for increasing bus fare by somuch.

23 Roger’s Thesaurus, a collection of English words and phrases, was originally arranged by

the ideas they expressrather thanby alphabeticalorder

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE inmeaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

24 “The table is tooheavyfor me to movealone.”

25 The breadfruit does well in hot andhumidclimates.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest inmeaning to each of the following questions.

26 We stayed in that hotel despite thenoise.

A Despite the hotel is noisy,westayedt h e r e

B We stayed in the noisy hotel and we likedit.

C No matter how noisy the hotel was, we stayedt her e

D Because of the noise, we stayed in thehot el.

27 Everybody thinks that Frank stole themoney.

A Everyone was suspected to steal Frank’smoney.

B Frank’s money was thought to bestolen.

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C Everyone suspects Frank of stealing themoney.

D Frank suspects everyoneo f s t e a l i n g t h e m o n e y

28 My family doesn’t normally go into town bycar.

A My family is used to going to town bycar.

B My family is not used to going to town bycar.

C My family used to go to town bycar.

D My family didn’t use to go into town bycar.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combineseach pair of sentences in the following questions.

29 He wanted to give the ball a powerful kick He used the top ofhis foot.

A He gave the ball a powerful kick to use the top of hisf o o t

B Using the top of his foot, he kicked a powerfulball.

C Whathewantstodoisgivetheballapowerfulkickandusethetopofhisfoot.

D He used the top of his foot to give the ball a powerfulk i c k

30 We didn’t want to swim in the river It looked veryd i r t y

A Wedidn’twanttoswimintheriver,wherelookedverydirty.

B Wedidn’twanttoswimintheriver,whichlookedverydirty.

C We didn’t want to swim in the river, in which looked veryd i r t y

D We didn’t want to swim in the river, that looked veryd i r t y

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicatethe correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

Fashioning Goes High-Tech

Fashion is no longer something that is just made of cloth or leather These days it has becomesomething that needs batteries and is often connected to the Internet When it comes to high-

toyour w r i st or r e st i n g ont he b r i d g e o f y o u r

nose,anditisdoingalotmorethanjust(32) you look stylish

Googlewasoneofthefirsttoburstonthescenewithafashionableitemthatwasalsovery

(33) Google Glass, which looks like glasses, allows wearers to do all sorts of

things, from seeing information in a simple viewer to simply saying out loud, “Take a picture.”

What you are seeing in the picture that will betaken,(34) Google Glass heard you throughitsmicrophoneandhasabuilt-incamera.Ifyouaskaquestion,youwill(35)

the answer in the tiny screen displayed before one eye Google Glass uses Bluetoothtechnology to communicate with a smartphone, so it is not a stand-aloneitem

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicatethe correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

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The Internet: Changing Everything

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Let’s do a little experiment: Take five minutes, and find some information about Angola.

How did you get your information? How much information were you able to get?Chancesare, you probably just went online and typed the word “Angola” You were probably able to find out all sorts of things This experiment shows us how useful the Internet is.

Over the last 20 years, the Internet has changed the way that we live, work, and study Thebiggest change has been the way that we access information Twenty years ago, you would haveneeded an encyclopedia to learn about Angola If you had wanted information, you would havehad to get out of your chair, open your encyclopedia, and look up the word “Angola” Today allyou need is about five seconds and you’ll have the exact same information This technologymakes work a lot faster and more efficient

It has also made information storage a lot easier and neater Twenty years ago, offices hadpapers and files all over the place If you wanted to find a file, you had to open a desk drawerand find the right piece of paper Today, many of us keep our files in cloud storage Cloudstorage is a technology that lets people store files on the Internet All you have to do is to signinto the site, and you can find all of your files ins e c o n d s

Another big change is communication These days more and more people are working fromhome People have “home offices” They just do their work at their house and e-mail it to theircompany It makes life a lot easier

Some people don’t like these changes.Theysay that life is too convenient these days, and

it is making people lazy However, most people think that even if this technology makes us

a little easier, it still has more benefits than disadvantages In the end, it doesn’t matter what we think The Internet has changed all of our lives forever.

36 If you use cloud storage, where are yourfiles?

37 Why do some people dislike the changes that have come from theInternet?

A TheythinkthattheInternetmakeslifetoostressful.

B TheythinkthattheInternetmakespeopletoosmart.

C They think that the Internet is too hard touse.

D They think that the Internet makes peoplelazy.

38 What does the word“chances”in paragraph 1mean?

A Probably B.Probablynot C.Definitely D.Definitelynot

39 The word“they”in paragraph 5refersto

40 All of the following are the benefits of using the Internet in communication EXCEPT

that

A people can send e-mail to each other veryquickly

B the Internet can make communication between great distances moreconvenient

C the Internet keeps huge amounts of data in clouds t or a g e

D the social network makes communication moreinteresting

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41 What is another way of saying the last two sentences of thep a s s a g e ?

A The Internet is changing all thetime.

B The Internet is changing the way that wethink.

C Some people say that they don’t like the Internet, but they actually likeit.

D No matter what we think, the Internet is changing ourl i v e s

42 AllofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageEXCEPTthat .

A encyclopedia was a great source ofknowledge

B some people don’t like the Internet because they are lazy tol e a r n

C files in an office used to take a lot ofspace

D we can get information about any subject by using theI n t e r n e t

Are Human Beings Getting Smarter?

Do you think you are smarter than your parents or grandparents? According to James Flynn,

a professor at a New Zealand university, you might be Over the course of the last century, IQtest scores of people in some countries have got increasingly better - on average, three pointsbetter for every decade that has passed This trend of improving scores is known as “the Flynneffect,” and scientists want to know what is behind it

IQ tests and other similar tests are designed to measure general intelligence rather thanknowledge Flynn knew that intelligence is partly inherited from our parents and partly theresult of our environment and experiences, but the improvement in test scores was happeningtoo quickly to be explained by heredity So what happened in the 20thcentury that led to highertestscores?

Scientists have proposed several explanations for the Flynn effect Some suggest that the

improved test scores simply reflect an increasedexposureto tests in general Because we take

so many tests, we learn test-taking techniques that help us perform better.Othershave pointed to better nutrition, which results in babies being born larger, healthier, and with more brain development than in the past Another possible explanation is a change in educational styles - children are encouraged to discover things for themselves rather than just memorizing information This could prepare people to do the kind of problem-solving that intelligence tests require.

Flynn himself suggested that learning new technologies may have improved people’sproblem-solving skills This may be true for the first decade of his tests, when IQ scores inmany countries increased However, in recent years, IQ test scores in some countries havebegun to decline Data from Norway, the Netherlands, Australia, and Great Britain have shownthatasthesecountriesbecomemoreandmoremodern,IQscoreshavebeguntodrop

While scientists aren’t sure what is causing this decline, they think technology isdramatically changing the way that we learn and get information For example, people are nowable to access all kinds of information easily using online resources like Google or Wikipedia.The danger is when they start to rely too much on these sources of information, and not do anythinkingforthemselves.Lifestylechangesthatcomewithmodemtechnologymayalsohavea

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negative effect on intelligence, such as video games and television making people less social.

So while the world may have got smarter over the 20thcentury, improving technology andchanging lifestyles may soon reverse thattrend

Note:heredity(n) = the process by which features and characteristics are passed on to you

from your parents through yourgenes

43 What best describes the Flynneffect?

A a way to measureintelligence

B an increase in IQ testscores

C a way of teaching universitystudents

D an explanation for why people are lesssmart

44 The Flynn effect is probably theresultof

45 IQ testevaluateour .

A knowledge B.environment C.intelligence D.memories

46 Theword“exposure”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto

A being influenced bysomething

B attention from newspapers orTV

C the act of making somethingpublic

D the amount of lightreceived

47 Who does the word“others”in paragraph 3 referto?

48 Thewriterusesvideogamesasanexampleofhow

A we are becoming lesssocial

B technology increases problem-solvingskills

C people don’t think forthemselves

D countries are becoming more technologicallyadvanced

49 Which sentence gives the main idea of thep a ss a ge ?

A This trend of improving scores is known as ‘”the Flynn effect,” and scientists want to

know what is behindit

B Because we take so many tests, we learn test-taking techniques that help us perform

better

C However,inrecentyears,IQtestscoresinsomecountrieshavebeguntodecline.

D Lifestyle changes that come with modem technology may also have a negative effect on

intelligence

50 Which statement would the writer probably agreewith?

A People today are more intelligent in everyway.

B People today have fewer problems tosolve.

C People today don’t take enoughtests.

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D People today use computers toomuch.

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4 A.beneficial B.conservative C.experienced D.responsible

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needscorrection in each of the following questions.

5 Nationalparksincluding landforanimal grazing,aswellaswilderness areaswith scenic

mountains and lakes

6 Ducks arelesssusceptibletoinfectionthan otherstypes ofp o u l t r y

8 By the 20thof thismonth,I here for exactly twoyears

9 Weareworried the current situation of environmental pollution inour country.

10 Totalweightofalltheantsintheworldismuchgreaterthan .

C.that of allh u m a n beings D.is of all humanbeings

11 anyone wish to access the information on the status of his or her order, the password should

beentered.

12 Betty canspeakFrench than Nancy.

A asfluently B.fluently C.morefluently D.mostfluently

13 BillaskedTom

14 What views do Americans and Asians have about love andm a r r i a g e ?

A tradition B.traditionally C.traditionalism D.traditional

15 Morocco’s industry provides the third largest source of revenue for the North

Africacountry

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A tour B.touring C.tourism D.tour’s

16 Ididn’tenjoythisbookonhowtosucceedinbusiness.Itwasn’tvery

A welltyped B.poorlywritten C.goodwritten D.wellwritten

17 Members of my familys h a r e the

18 The weather was fine, andeveryonewas thecoast.

19 “We’dbett er if we want to get there intime.”

20 Peter:“ ” - Dick: “Sorry, Brian is nother.”

A Can I leave am e s s a g e then? B.Can I take a messagethen?

C.Can I speak toB r i a n , please? D.Would you like to leave amessage?

21 Diana:“Ididn’tknowyoucouldplaytheguitarsowell.Yourtunewaslovely!”

-Peter:“ ”

A You’rewelcome.

B I bought it near myhouse.

C You must be kidding I thought it wasterrible.

D You told a kid I was playing better thanthat.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST

inmeaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

22 According to Freud, dreams can be interpreted as thefulfillmentofw i s h e s

A attainment B.performance C.conclusion D.completion

23 My elder sister failed her final exam, whichdepressedmyp a r e n t s

the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE inmeaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the followingq u e s t i o n s

24 Names of people in the book were changed topreservea n o n y m i t y

25 Duringthefive-decadehistory,theAsianGameshavebeenadvancing inallaspects.

26 Your refusal to attend the party made everyonesa d.

A Everyone felt sad attending theparty.

B Everyone felt sad when you refused to attend thepa r t y.

C Your attendance at the party made everyone feels a d

D You made everyone sad about your refusal to have thep a r t y

27 Who made you work so hardyesterday?

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A Who forced you to work so hardyesterday?

B Why did you work so hardyesterday?

C What made you work so hardyesterday?

D How could you work so hardyesterday?

28 Despite his inexperience in the field, John applied for thej o b

A John was unable to do the job because he wasi n e x p e r i e n c e d

B John applied for the job because he has experience in thef i e l d

C John did not apply for the job because of his inexperience in thef i e l d

D John applied for the job even though he had no experience in thef i e l d

29 Transportation has been made much easier thanks to the invention of cars However, cars

are the greatest contributor of airpollution

A Although the invention of cars has made transportation much easier, cars are the

greatest contributor of airpollution

B However easier the invention of cars has made transportation, it is cars that are among

the greatest contributors of airpollution

C The invention of cars has made transportation much easier, but cars are among the

greatest contributors of airpollution

D Although the invention of cars has made transportation much easier, people use cars to

contribute to the pollution ofair

30 All the homes of the residents had been damaged by the flood They were given help

shotst a k e n a r e o f m a n

-m a d e o b j e c t s l i k e a r c h i t e c t u r e , -m a n y e -m o t i o n s t h a t c o -m e i n t o ( 3 3 )

wouldn’t be found in nature photography Photos can show the wonder of

a child staring at a fountain as water shoots upward in the sunlight They can also

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show the sadder side,

sucha s a c a m p o f h o m e l e s s p e o p l e l i v i n g i n t e r r i b l e p o v e r t y ( 3 4 ) of whatthey

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show, there is always beauty to be found, even if it is beauty in something that is showing an ugly truth.

Depending on the time of the day, photos taken in an urban environment can change

drastically To seethe(35) of a building as its shadow is cast on the lawn of a park

is always amazing tosee

Stones that Move

The American southwest is full of deserts If you ever go there, you might get to see a verystrange event We are talking something called the sailing stones

Sometimes, stones in the southwestern desert move by themselves Wind doesn’t seem topush them People and animals don’t touch them However, these stones still move Sometimes

they travel more than a hundred meters They always leave atrailin the sand behind them This is useful because we can look at the trail and figure out how far a stone has moved.

How is this possible? How can stones move all by themselves? Scientists have beenstudying this for years People have offered all kinds of theories One of the earliest theorieswas that wind pushes the stones That theory isn’t correct, because some of the stones weighmore than 300 kilograms When it seemed like there was no logical explanation for the sailingstones, people started coming up with crazier ideas Some people said that aliens were movingthe stones, and others said that clever people were playing aj o k e

Finally, in 2013, a scientist came up with an explanation for the sailing stones This scientistnormally studies weather on other planets, and when he heard about the sailing stones, hebecame interested in them He found out that ice forms on the bottom of the stones

Whenthathappens, even a very light wind can push the stone for long distances.

To prove his theory, the scientist did an experiment He put a rock in his freezer and letsome ice form on it Then, he put sand and a little water in a tray Finally, he put his frozen rock

on top of the sand When he blew on the rock, it moved Even when he blew very gently, he had

no problems moving therock

Here is something interesting about the sailing stones Curious people visit the desert in thesouthwest to see them A lot of those people don’t like to hear the scientific explanation for thesailing stones Many people prefer to feel that the stones are still a mystery

36 What was the first theory about the sailingstones?

A People were playing ajoke.

B Wind pushedthem.

C Ice formed on the bottoms of thestones.

D Aliens were pushing thestones.

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37 What kind of work did the scientist do before he studied the sailingstones?

A He looked for life on otherplanets.

B He studied weather indeserts.

C He soldfreezers.

D He studied weather on otherplanets.

38 Whyisitusefulthatthestonesleaveatrail?

A We can know how fast the stonestraveled.

B We can know who is movingthem.

C We can know how heavy the stonesare.

D We can know how far theytraveled.

39 Theword“trail”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto '

40 The word“that”in paragraph 4refersto

A stonesailing B.iceforming C.thebottom D.anexperiment

41 What does the last paragraph tellus?

A Some people prefer to believe that the sailing stones are still am y s t e r y

B Many people don’t believe the scientist’s theory abouti c e

C Fewer people are interested in the sailing stones because they are not a mystery

anymore

D Many scientists have different explanations about the sailings t o n e s

42 What can be inferred from the scientist’sexperiment?

A The light wind can move very smallrocks.

B Sand and water in a tray makes rocksmove.

C The experiment in the freezer is far different from the reals i t u a t i o n

D The friction between the stones and the ice issmall.

The Film and the Novel: Twilight

When a popular book gets made into a movie, there will always be a debate about whetherthe novel or film is better The filmmakers always have to consider certain things: do they want

to follow the book closely to please dedicated readers, or do they want to change parts of thebook if they don’t translate well on-screen? No matter what they do, there will always be peoplewho feel the movie will never be as good as the book, people who will love the movie withoutever reading the book, and people who enjoy both

The vampire seriesTwilight,by Stephenie Meyer, became so popular that movie companies wanted to produce it for the big screen MostTwilightfans were excited about seeing characters

such as Edward and Bella “come to life,” but there were other fans who did not trust the moviescript They assumed the scriptwriters would change parts of the story to make it seem moreinteresting as a movie

By the time the firstTwilightmovie was released, millions of people had read the series

Many of these people went on to watch the film, which made $35.7 million just on its opening

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day While many fans and critics liked it and said the movie more or less followed the book’sstoryline, some fans were not impressed One change that angered them was that certain soundeffects were added to the movie, such as a “whooshing” sound when the vampires jumped Thiswas not mentioned in the book, and many fans felt that it was toodistracting.

Those who liked the movie said that they enjoyed the light mood and excitement This was

very different from the book The writing inTwilightis dark and gloomy, like many vampire

novels The movie, however, added moreenergyto the story and more personality to the characters For example, many characters in the book are portrayed as being quiet, and they spend most of their time at school But in the movie, the characters are cooler and funnier - one scene even shows them going surfing together The director of the first movie, Catherine Hardwicke, thought it was important for the characters to be believable She wantedthemto have a wide variety of emotions, since the series is for, and about,teenagers.

In the end, the films were considered a success, even if there were both happy and unhappyfans It’s a great accomplishment to make films that are watched by millions of people, and youcan’t expect to be able to please everyone all of thet i m e

43 What is the main idea of thefirst paragraph?

A It takes a long time to make books intomovies.

B Filmmakers prefer to make movies out of popularbo ok s.

C People will always compare movies to thebooks.

D Many people will see a movie without reading theb o o k

44 Why does the passage say fans were excited to see them o v i e ?

A to see how the story wouldchange

B to see which actors would play their favouritecharacters

C to see real people acting out thestory

D to see if the movie would be better than theb o o k s

45 The passage discussesvampiresjumping .

A as an example of a soundeffect

B as an example of a change that displeasedfans

C because it was a special effect and notreal

D to say how scary the moviewas

46 The bookTwilightis described asvery

47 According to the passage, what was NOT changed for them o v i e ?

48 Theword“energy”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto .

A the power tod r i v e something B.attention tosomething

C.the ability to bev e r y active D.the magicalpower

49 The word“them”in paragraph 4 referstothe

50 What best describes thispassage?

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A a comparison of a book and amovie

B a review of amovie

C an introduction of abook

D a discussion of how books are made intomovies

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18.make for= đi về (hướng nào)

33.come into play= có hiệu quả, có tác dụng

35.outline(n) = đường nét, hình dáng;the outline of a building= hình bóng của một toà nhà

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8 Tom saidthathe his motorbike the daybefore.

9 Drying flowers is theb e s t way them.

10 Traditionally, Americans and Asians have veryd i f f e r e n t ideas love andmarriage.

11 Swimming is ab e n e f i c i a l exercise, aerobic activity and uses a number of muscle

groups

A not only becausei t provides B.because it bothprovides

12 The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader

than

A the domesticm a r k e t e r has B.the domestic marketerdoes

C.those of thed o m e s t i c marketer D.that which has the domesticm a r k e t e r

13 Thecollapseoftinpricesinthe1980sdestroyedthetin-miningindustry, former

employees have since turned in desperation to growingc oc oa

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C.severalofits D.many ofwhose

14 a research team is an effective way to prepare for class

preparation of social studies such as history, geography, literature,

ande c on om i c s.

15 Weboughtsome .

A German lovelyol d glasses B.German old lovelyglasses

C.lovely oldG e r m a n glasses D.old lovely Germanglasses

16 Wea r e g o i n g t o h a v e a t r i p t o H a N o i W e n e e d t o arrangements for the trip

carefully

17 Whenafirebroke outint he Louvre, atleasttwenty paintings were destroyed,

including two by VanGogh

18 When it started tos n o w , he hisovercoat.

19 The meeting hasb e e n put to Friday as so many people have got thef l u

20 Ann: How well you are playing, Peter!

Peter:

A Say it again I like to hear yourwords.

B Thank you toomuch.

C I think so I’m proud ofmyself.

D Many thanks That’s a nicecompliment.

21 Jennifer: “I believe that supermarkets are much better than traditional markets.”

Katherine:“ Each has its ownfeatures.”

A I couldn’t agree withy o u more B.That’s completelytrue.

C.I disagreewithyou D.I can’t help thinking thesame.

22 The whole village waswiped outin the bombingr a i d s.

A changedc o m p l e t e l y B.cleanedwell

23 A brief outline of the course and bibliography werehanded outto the students at the first

meeting

24 Punctuality is imperative in your newjob

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A Beinglate B.Beingcheerful C.Beingefficient D.Beingcourteous

25 Polluted water and increased water temperatures have driven many species to the verge of extinction

the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest inmeaning

to each of the followingquestions.

26 I couldn't help laughing when he told me thatstory.

A The story hetold me did not help at all.

B I did not laugh when hearing thatstory.

C I couldn't help him tell thatstory.

D I couldn't resist laughing when he told me thatstory.

27 Shefeelshappybecauseofhercomingbirthdayparty.

A Shefeelshappytocometoabirthdayparty.

B Her coming birthday party makes herha pp y.

C Because she was born she feelshappy.

D Her birthday party will happilycome.

28 “That's a lovely new dress, Jean,” said hermother.

A Jean's mother said she liked herdress.

B Jean's mother complimented her on the lovely newdre ss.

C Jean's mother wanted to buy a lovely newdress.

D Jean's mother told her to buy that lovely newdress.

29 The government has little money It can’t deal with the many socialproblems.

A Thegovernmenthaslittlemoneybecauseitcan’tdealwiththemanysocialproblems.

B Thegovernmenthaslittlemoneywithwhichtodealthemanysocialproblems.

C Thegovernmenthaslittlemoney,butitcandealwiththemanysocialproblems.

D Thegovernmenthaslittlemoneysothatitcan’tdealwiththemanysocialproblems.

30 Pollution diminishes the quality of our lives That is hard tod e n y

A It’s pollution that diminishes the quality of our lives is hard tod e n y

B Pollution diminishes the quality of our lives is hard tod e n y

craftsmen, and their skills haveb e e n (32) down through countlessgenerations.

Religious or spiritual beliefs can play a major role in the arts and handicrafts of all people

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One example of a Native American handicraft is made of a willow branch and thin strips of

leather The branch is formed into ac i r c u l a r (33) that is meant to hang in a person’s living area.Often(34) with feathers on the outside of the circle, it is called a dream

catcher It is related to the belief that these special crafts could catch bad dreams sent by the

spirits To Native Americans, dreams werespecial(35) sent from the great beyond.

The dream catcher would allow good dreams to pass through it; however, nightmares would becaught and then released with the first morninglight

34 A.decorate B.to be decorated C.decorated D.decorating

The Most Powerful Force in Space

A black hole is a spot in space that has incredibly powerful gravity A black hole’s gravity is

so strong that it pulls everything nearby into it It can pull stars, planets, and other things.Nothing can escape a black hole In fact, they are so powerful that even light cannot

escapethem.

Scientists first started talking about black holes in the year 1783 That year, one scientistsaid that in the universe, there might be places with gravity strong enough to trap light.However, that scientist didn’t use the term “black hole” The term “black hole” was invented in1967

Black holes are formed when a star dies When a star dies, itcollapses.When that happens, a

huge amount of matter crowds into a very small space The matter becomes very, very dense.How much matter arewetalking about? Imagine a star that is the size of ten suns Imagine fittingthat amount of matter into New York City That is what a black hole is like Its gravity is sopowerful because it has so muchmatter

However, not all black holes are huge Scientists believe that some black holes are the size

of atoms Although these black holes are tiny, they might have the same amount of matter that amountain has

We can’t see black holes because they don’t have any light They are completely invisible.Scientists can guess where black holes are by studying nearby stars and planets If gravityseems to be pulling the stars and planets to one spot, then scientists believe that the spot is ablackhole

Some people wonder if a black hole could ever destroy the Earth We do not need to worryabout that There is no black hole that is close enough to destroy the Earth The closest blackhole is about 7,800 light years away In addition, the sun is not big enough to create a blackhole

36 When are black holesformed?

A When a new stari s formed B.When a planetcollapses

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C.When two suns crash intoe a c h other D.When a stardies

37 How do scientists study blackholes?

A They look atn e a r b y stars B.They look at the blackholes

C.They look atthe sun D.They visit the blackholes.

38 Which statement is NOTtrue?

A Black holes have veryl i t t l e matter B.Black holes can be big orsmall.

C.We can’t seeb l a c k holes D.Nothing can escape a blackhol e

39 Which of the following CAN’T be inferred from thep a s s a g e ?

A Scientists started studying a black hole in1967.

B A black hole is invisible because it trapslight.

C The movement of stars and planets are affected by a nearby blackh o l e

D A black hole gets its name because it does not have anyl i g h t

40 The word“them”in paragraph 1refersto

41 The word“collapses”in paragraph 3 is closest in meaningt o

42 What would be another good title for thepassage?

A Places withoutGravity

B Strong Enough to Pull aPlanet

C Will a Black Hole Destroy theEarth?

D The Brightest Things in theUniverse

Organic Farming: The New Vacation

In 1971, Sue Coppard worked as a secretary in London While she enjoyed city life, Suealso missed the countryside where she spent most of her time as a child So she offered to helpout on a farm, or more specifically, an organic farming programme organized by a nearbycollege She got a few people to volunteer as well, and they spent the weekend doing

“housework,” which involved clearing bushes and cleaning drains Afterwards, the farmmanagers said they could come back anytime to helpout

Sue put a small ad in a magazine, offering people the chance to volunteer at the organicfarm The volunteer programme grew quickly, and soon other organic farmers joined in, askingfor people to help out With so many people and farms involved, someone needed to organizethe different groups A few of the original volunteers started WWOOF (World WideOpportunities on Organic Farms) to help volunteers and farmers find one another Today, atleast 50 different countries have WWOOF organizations, and many other countries haveindividual farms that participate in themovement

While WWOOF is still a weekend activity for some, it now welcomes travellers and peoplewho visit to live and work on farms for longer periods of time WWOOF volunteers can stay on

a farm for weeks or even months at a time in exchange forhands-onfarming andg a r d e n i n g

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experience The work can be exhausting, but volunteers think it’s worthit.By working on farms,

the volunteers interact with farmers and develop a love for the outdoors and organic farming.Many travellers now use WWOOFing as a way to visit new countries and experience newcultures

As travellers will discover, every WWOOF opportunity is a bit different In Serbia, you canfind Misa and Olja, a couple whose farm is known for its hard cheeses and for its bread madefrom homegrown grains Finca Amiruca, a farm in Ecuador, teaches volunteers how to growpeanuts, plantains, and yucca When volunteering in Japan, you may get to learn about growingrice

WWOOF is only one of the many unique volunteer opportunities available Volunteering issomething that anyone can do, and a wide variety of organizations accept or even welcomevolunteers So the next time you get the itch to be active on the weekend or on vacation, whynot look for a good cause to spend your energyo n ?

43 Why did Sue first work on afarm?

A She was a student att h e university B.She neededmoney.

C.She missedt h e countryside D.She did not enjoy thejob.

44 More people joined the programmewhenSue

A put an advertisement in amagazine

B hung posters at aschool

C asked friends and neighbours tocome

D offered to pay people towork

45 When living on a WWOOFfarm,volunteers .

A must pay thef a r m ’ s owner B.can stay for a long or shortt i m e

C.are given as p e c i a l bedroom D.sleepoutdoors

46 Which is NOT a change that WWOOF has undergone since it firsts t a r t e d ?

A It has spread to many differentcountries.

B It has many more people volunteering forit.

C It allows people to stay for longer periods oftime.

D It is less tiring than it used tobe.

47 Theword“hands-on”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto

48 The word “it” in paragraph 3refersto

49 What is special about the farm inSerbia?

A It is the only farm in the country where rice isg r o w n

B Peanuts, plantains, and yucca are grown on thef a r m

C It is an animal farm, with lots of pigs andcattl e.

D The people at the farm make cheese andbr ea d.

50 What is the purpose of the lastparagraph?

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A to introduce a new volunteerorganization

B to explain why working on afarm is good

C to encourage readers tovolunteer

D to give one more detail aboutWWOOF

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19.put something back = postpone= dời lại (thời gian), hoãn lại

31 available to someone =sẵn có để aidùng

32 passsomethingdown= truyền lại cho ai cái gì trước khi quađời

35.message(n) = thông điệp, lời phán truyền (của thần, nhà tiên tri )

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ĐỀ 4

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needscorrection in each of the following questions.

5 Make sure thatyouhavethewordsspell correctly;otherwise ,yourformwon't be accepted

9 I will not be herenext week I am going tobe business inLondon.

10 Little he know how much suffering he hascaused.

11 , he felt so unhappy andlonely.

12 Allcommuters the main highway to get to the center of the city will face

delayofup to an hour today because of on-goingconstruction

13 The world’s deepest cave, Pierre St Martin in the Pyrenees Mountains, is almost three

times

A as deep as the Empire State Buildingis

B deeper than the Empire State Buildingis

C is higher than the Empire StateB u i l di n g

D as the Empire State Building’sheight

14 Nowadays, moststudentsuse calculators in their studies ande xa m i na t i o ns.

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15 The Mountainview Hotel offers itsguestsa buffet breakfast everymorning.

16 Wateris of two elements: hydrogen andoxygen.

17 Iwantto a table at the BambooRestaurant.

18 Ican’t this noise any longer I’m going to write a letter of complaint about this

problem

A getbackto B.takeawayfrom C.putupwith D.make outof

19 People are alwaysa d v i s e d to smoking because of its harm to theirh e a l t h

20 Lan: Let’s go to the cinema this evening

Susan:

A We don't havea n y film B.You went to thetheater.

C.Let’s taketheseat D.I’ve seen the filmalready.

21 “How lovely your pets are!”- “ ”

A Thank you It’s nice of you to sayso.

B Really? They are always verynice.

C Can you say thatagain?

D I love them,too.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST inmeaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

22 Withinaweekondisplayattheexhibition,thepaintingwashailedasamasterpiece

A a down-to-earth worko f art B.an excellent work ofart

C.an expensive worko f art D.a large work ofart

23 Hypertension is one of the mostwidespreadand potentially dangerousdiseases.

24 Weoffer aspeedyandsecure serviceoftransferringmoneyinlessthan24hours.

26 I haven’t got enough money, so I’m not going onh o l i d a y

A If I have enough money I would go onholi da y.

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B If I had enough money I would go onh o l i d a y

C If I had had enough money I would go onholi da y.

D If I have had enough money I would go onh ol i d a y.

27 The noise next door did not stop until aftermidnight.

A The noise next door didn’t stop duringmidnight.

B The noise next door stopped aftermidnight.

C The noise next door didn’t stop aftermidnight.

D The noise next door didn’t stop atmidnight.

28 Nobody at all came to themeeting.

A Not many people came to themeeting.

B Not a single person came to themeeting.

C Only a few people came to themeeting.

D There was almost nobody at themeeting.

29 Many students like the lecture Its subject is veryi n t e r e s t i n g

A Thesubjectofthelecture,whichisveryinteresting,manystudentslike.

B Thesubjectofthelecture,whichmanystudentslike,isveryinteresting.

C Many students like the lecture the subject of which is veryi n t e r e s t i n g

D Many students like the lecture which subject is veryi n t e r e s t i n g

30 We had overslept We missed thebus.

A Having overslept so we couldn’t thebus.

B Thoughwehad overslept, we wouldn’t miss theb u s

C If we hadn’t overslept, we wouldn’t miss theb u s

D As a result of having overslept, we couldn’t catch theb u s

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicatethe correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

A Healthy Way To Know A City

Maybe you are staying in a city, and there is no park nearby where you can take yourmorning job One of the more recent trend is to go on a running tour, but you are not leading the

way Rather, a running( 3 1 ) _ who knows thebe st (32) in the city acts as

your guide You are going out for a run, but you are also being shown highlights of the citywhile you are doingit

Guided running tours are a trend that seems to becatching(33) in quite a few of the bigger

cities in the United States New York City, Chicago, and San Francisco are just three of the

major cities that have running toursin(34) They offer these tours to

individuals, groups, and even for corporate events If you are going into a city with colleagues

to attend a business meeting or a convention, what better way is there to see the city and

network withothers(35) while taking a healthyrun?

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33 A.on B.out C.up D.with

The World's Smallest Science

Have you ever noticed that our machines are getting smaller? Cell phones, cameras,computers and everything else look smaller every year One kind of new science involvesmachines that are smaller than we can imagine The name of this science is nanotechnology

Nanotechnology means doing science, engineering, and technology at a very, verysmalllevel In other words, nanotechnology is the science of tiny things But how tiny is thescienceof nanotechnology? In nanotechnology, scientists work with things that are the sizeo f

a nanometer One meter has one billion nanometers Here is another way todescribenanotechnology: it is the science of observing and controlling individual atoms and

molecules.Nanotechnology is a new word, but the idea of studying atoms and molecules has existedfor a long time In 1959, an American scientist Richard Phillips Feynman gave a speech

inwhichhe claimed thatwecan see and control molecules and atoms About ten years later, a

Japanese professor came up with the term“ na n o t e c h n ol o g y ”

Because nanotechnology is so new,weare only starting to understand how we can use it.Nanotechnology could be very useful in medicine In the future, doctors may usenanotechnology to help with organ transplants An organ transplant is the act of putting anorgan into another person's body Scientists think that with nanotechnology, they might be able

to make a person's body accept aforeignorgan Nanotechnology might also help doctors fight infections,finddiseasesinpatients,anddelivermedicinetotherightspotinpatients’bodies.

Nanotechnology might also be useful in protecting the environment It might be able to help

us save energy, reduce waste, and keep water clean For example, nanotechnology might beable to make some materials such as steel stronger If we have stronger steel, we will be able touse it longer That way, we can produce less steel and save our resources

Nanotechnology might be useful in so many ways This science of studying tiny thingscould change theworld

36 Around what year did people start using the word“ n a n o t e c h n o l o g y ” ?

37 The word“which”in paragraph 3refersto

A nanotechnology B.thespeech C.atomstudy D.thearticle

38 What does the word “foreign” in paragraph 4mean?

C.From anotherp e r s o n ’ s body D.Real

39 What does the first sentence of the fourth paragraphm e a n ?

A Nanotechnology is new, so we are still learning about itsu s e s

B Nanotechnology is not new, so we already know itsu s e s

C We have no idea how we are going to usen a n o t e c h n o l o g y

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D We used to understand nanotechnology more than we don o w

40 According to the passage, what will nanotechnology NOTd o ?

A Finddiseases B.Fightinfections C.Reducewastes D.Buildorgans

41 All of the following are the advantages of using nanotechnology in medicine EXCEPT

that

A it helps doctors make and deliver medicine morea c c u r a t e l y

B it makes our bodies accept the organtransplants

C it helps doctors prevent infectiousdiseases

D it is also useful in medicalexaminations

42 Which statement istrue?

A The term “nanotechnology” is about 1900 yearsold.

B The idea of studying atoms isn’tnew.

C A Chinese professor came up with the word“ na n o t e c h n ol o g y ”

D Nanotechnology could be very useful inmedicine.

Billboards that Recognize You

Have you ever felt you were being watched? Some new technologies might make you feelthat way Digital billboards are being created that have the ability to recognize certaincharacteristics These high-tech devices have cameras pointed at the people on the street, andsoftware that tries to recognize people by age and gender A computer inside the billboard thenuses this information to display ads that are directed at the people who are looking at thebillboard For example, if a man passes a billboard featuring an ad for cosmetics, the computercan change the ad to something that is more likely to catch the man’s attention, such as arestaurant, or sporting goods

While advertisers seethisas a great opportunity to reach their target customers, some people feel that this kind of profiling is an invasion of their privacy People are now much more aware of how information is exposed, shared, bought, and sold on the Internet Now this debate will include technologies such as these “smart” billboards But advertisers claim that they are sensitive to people’s concern about privacy - companies that have tested the billboards in Japan and the US assure consumers that the billboards can only

willnotbeabletorecognizeyourfaceorobtainanypersonalinformationaboutyou.

Until recently, this kind of “personal” advertising has been mostly limited to the Internet.Search engines like Google and Bing can follow what we search for because each computer thatconnects to those sites has a unique identity Companies then pay search engines to use thisinformation to display ads for products and services that you have searched for So if you searchfor travel information, you are likely to see ads for airlines and hotels This kind of advertisinghas proven to be much more effective and valuable than traditionala d v e r t i s i n g

In addition to taking steps to deliver more personalized messages, advertisers are usingbillboards to offer more useful information Digital billboards can connect to the Internet todisplay information such as the time, weather, and news headlines In the future, this

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technology could be used to reflect activity on social media sites or to broadcast ads that relate

to localevents

In today’s world, people ignore thousands of ads every day Advertisers are trying to changethat trend by personalizing the experience of seeing an ad So pay attention the next time yousee a billboard - it could be talking toyou

Note:ad(n) = advertisement

43 What is another possible title for thepassage?

A The Dangerso f Technology B.Billboards: Past andPresent

C.How InformationI s Sold D.A New Level ofAdvertising

44 What does a digital billboard’s camera lookfor?

A a person’sf a s h i o n style B.what a person iscarrying

C.a person’s agea n d gender D.whether someone isalone

45 What is the main idea of the secondparagraph?

A High-tech billboards do not collect personalinformation.

B People do not mind the billboards tested in Japan and in theU S

C Advertisers buy information about consumers on theInte rnet.

D People are worried about the type of information collected byb i l l b o a r d s

46 The word“this”in paragraph 2refersto

A digitalb i l l b o a r d s B.digitaladvertising

C.customers'p e r s o n a l information D.customers’attention

47 Why does the passage mentionGoogle?

A It is an example of a search engine that sells information toc o m p a n i e s

B It is better than other search engines in gatheringinf ormati on.

C It has started using high-tech billboards to geti n f o r m a t i o n

D It plans to develop better ways to profile Internetuse r s.

48 Becauseofadvertisingprofiling,apersonbuyingairlineticketsonlinewill .

A see ads for hotels and car rentalcompanies

B get better prices on their airlinetickets

C see no ads on the airline’swebsite

D be offered discounts on shoes andclothing

49 In the passage, the writer saysthat videobillboards

A allow people on the street to use theI n t e r ne t

B show movies andcommercials

C display information about the weather andnews

D are placed inside stores andbuildings

50 What is the reason for advertisers making high-techb i l l b o a r d s ?

A Regular billboards are not in goodlocations.

B People ignore regularadvertisements.

C It is cheaper to make high-techbillboards.

D People are suspicious of regularadvertising.

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5 B→spelt 6 A → Almosta l l / Most 7 A → not todo

15 complimetary(adj.) = mời, biếu, miễn phí;complimentary tickets= vé mời

18 put up with sb/ sth= chịu đựng ai/ cáigì

19 cutdownonsth= giảm bớt, cắt bớt cáigì

32 route(n) = tuyến đường, lộtrình

33 catchon= trở thành cái mốt, được mọi người ưachuộng

34 inplace= được (thường xuyên) tổchức

35 better than= tốt hơn(là)

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ĐỀ 5

3 A.contaminate B.supervisor C.investigate D.convenient

4 A.vulnerable B.discriminate C.philosopher D.stability

5 Most of the guests turned up two hoursearly,thattook usby s u r p r i s e

8 It’stimeshe how to look afterherself.

9 Anyp l a y e r w h o w i s h e s t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h e G r a c e y T e n n i s T o u r n a m e n t s

h o u l d r e g i s t e r

August14

10 Only if you promise tos t u d y hard to tutoryou.

11 Thecitylibrariespresentagloomypictureofthe who used to flock the libraries

everyevening

A gradual reductiono f readers B.gradual readersreduction

C.gradual readerso f reduction D.reduction gradualreaders

12 “Whata r e y o u g o i n g t o d o w i t h y o u r o l d t y p e w r i t e r ? ” “ I d o n ’ t k n o w y e t , b u t

away seemswasteful.”

13 Environmentalists are earnestly tryingtod e t e r m i n e of the ozone layer over the

poles

A what is causing thedeterioration

B what the cause of thedeterioration

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Trang2

C is causing thedeterioration

D the deterioration iscausing

14 Beginning next week, managerswillb e

employees within theirdepartment performance evaluations for all

15 She hasjustbought

A a reddish impressive wood French coffeetable

B an impressive reddish French wood coffeetable

C an impressive French reddish coffeetable

D an impressive French wood reddish coffeetable

16 The wetwe a t her has three weeks now It has rained every singled a y

17 After we each had been assigned an installment part of the project, we came back too u r

section

A respectively B.respectful C.irrespective D.respective

18 Deborah is going to take extralessonsto what she missed while she wasa w a y

19 The meeting hasb e e n brought to Monday due to the seriousness of

thes i t u a t i o n

20 Daisy:“Whatanattractivehairstyleyouhavegot,Mary!”-Mary:“ ”

A Thank you very much.I ’ m afraid B.You’re telling alie.

C.Thank you fory o u r compliment! D.I don’t like yoursayings.

21 “Shall I wait for you?”- “ ”

A Why ask sucha question? B.No need toask.

22 Ithinkwecansafelysaynowthatwehavegotourmoneyback;wearehome and dry

23 Paris is the ideal place to learn French; it’s a beautiful andhospitablecity with institutions for

high quality linguisticteaching

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE

24 Population growth ratesvaryamong regions and even among countries within the same

region

A remainu n s t a bl e B.fluctuate C.restrain D.stayunchanged

25 Thiskindofdressisbecomingoutmoded IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdressitupattheparty.

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A fashionable B.realistic C.unfashionable D.attractive

26 “How long have you worked here?” heasked.

A He asked me how long I had workedthere.

B He asked me for how long I had workedthere.

C He asked me if I had worked therelong.

D He asked me how long had I workedthere.

27 Itisinmuseumsandgalleriesthathobbyistscanstudyexhibitsrelatingtotheirhobby.

A Hobbyists can study exhibits relating to their hobby inmuseums and galleries.

B Hobbyists are said that they can study exhibits relating to their hobby in museums and

28 We were prevented from having our picnic due to the heavyr a i n

A The heavy rain made it impossible for us to have ourp i c n i c

B The heavy rain came unexpectedly but we still had ourp i c n i c

C We can’t have our picnic because of the heavyr a i n

D On being had the picnic, we met with a heavyr a i n

Mark the letter A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combineseach pair of sentences in the following questions.

29 Nick gave me some advice I was saved fromba nkr upt cy.

A I was saved from bankruptcy though Nick gave me somea d v i c e

B It was Nick’s advice that saved me frombankruptcy.

C If it weren’t for Nick’s advice, I would gob a n kr u pt

D Had it not been for Nick’s advice, I would have beenb a n k r u p t c y

The Magic of Pop-up Books

Books are normally thought of in terms of the pages that are looked at They are simple,

two-dimensional objects that we read There are words on the page and occasionally(31)

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that help us see more clearly what the words are being used to describe They are sources of knowledge, butmore often than not they aren’t considered very special.

Somebookstakeitanotherstepsfurther,though,andtheirpagesjump(32) and

form three-dimensional objects These books can make adults smile and cause children to be

wide-eyedw i t h ( 3 3 ) Called pop-up books in our times, they have been around

longer than most people think theyhave

Pop-up books were originally called mechanical books, andt h e s e p a p e r ( 3 4 ) took a lot of work to make They were not for children at all, although centuries ago there were practically no books made for children The mechanical books helpedi l l u s t r a t e (35)

things as the phases of the moon or were used to teach complext h e o r i e s

31 A.explanations B.illustrations C.examples D.meanings

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicatethe correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to4 2

What Do YouT h i n k ?

We have all had bad experiences with restaurants, stores, or hotels Maybe you have gone to

a restaurant that served terrible food Perhaps you have gone to a store that had high prices orbad service Or maybe you have booked a hotel and found out later that the room was nothinglike theadvertisement

These days, we have a better chance of preventing these unpleasant surprises We can do

this by using apps “App”is short for“application” An app is a computer programme on a smartphone You can use apps to do almost anything Apps can help you play games, get directions, talk to friends, and soon.

If you want to find information about a store or a hotel, you can use a review app Reviewapps help us evaluate services and products before we hand over our money The idea is verysimple After you go to a restaurant or stay in a hotel, you can post a review with one of yourapps You can say anything you want If you like a hotel you stayed in, you can tell people

thatitwas wonderful If you think that the food in a certain restaurant was bad, then you tell

people not to eat there Other people can use their apps to read yourr e v i e w s

Plenty of people prefer not to use these review apps Many of these people prefer to go outand decide for themselves whether or not a service is good However, review apps are gettingmore and more popular every day Some apps are for specific services For

example,Tripadvisorfocuses on travel, andGoodreadsfocuses on books There are also other,

larger apps that provide information for just about every service that you can thinkof

36 What does the passage say aboutapps?

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A There are very fewg o o d apps B.You can use apps for manyt hi n g s C.Apps are onlyf o r travel D.Apps are very expensive tou s e

37 If you want to book a hotel, how can a review app helpy o u ?

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A It can tell you about the hotel before you booki t

B It can tell you how to use asmartphone.

C It can tell you about other people who postrevi ews.

D It can help you write betterreviews.

38 Thephrase“isshortfor”inparagraph2canbestbereplacedby .

39 The word“it”in paragraph 3refersto

40 Accordingtothepassage,whydosomepeoplepreferNOTtousereviewapps?

A They don’t trust reviewapps.

B They don’t know how to use reviewapps.

C They think review app are toohard.

D They prefer to make their owndecisions

41 What does the app “Goodreads” focuson?

42 Which of the following would be another good title for thep a s s a g e ?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicatethe correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to5 0

The UrbanGardener

Cities are home to skyscrapers and apartment buildings, and it’s rare to find wide, openspaces within them With limited space for parks and gardens, architects and city planners oftenfind it challenging to incorporate greenery into neighbourhoods One creative solution is togrow plants on unused areas like walls or rooftops It’s a popular idea, and now rooftop gardensand green walls have been spouting up in cities around thew o r l d

There are many benefits to having green spaces to the urban landscape Adding gardens torooftops or walls can create a pleasant environment - what was once a grey cement wall canbecome a colourful, blooming garden The CaxiaForum art gallery in Madrid, Spain, is afamous example - one of its walls is covered with 15,000 plants from over 250 different species

In other cities, green walls are being used more functionally, to cover up construction sites andempty buildings and to prominently decorate the lobbies of officeb u i l d i n g s

Using plants to cover walls and rooftops can also keep cities cooler in the summer.Buildings and roads absorb the sun’s heat and hold it, causing a building or neighbourhood tostay warmer longer Plants, on the other hand, provide an enormous amount of shade There isevidence that growing a roof or wall garden can lower a building’s energy costs Many citiesoffer tax discounts to businesses with thesefeatures

In New York City, public schools plant rooftop gardens that can reduce heating and coolingcosts In addition to saving the school money, teachers and parents love the gardens because oftheir educational value – it’s a fun and healthy way for their kids to investigate the world aroundthem “For the children, it’s exciting when you grow something edible,” said Lauren Fontana,

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principal of a New York public school.

These green spaces are also used to grow food In recent years, rooftop gardens have slowlybeen included in the “local food movement” This is based on the concept that locally grown

food reduces pollution sinceitdoes not have to be transported far Vegetables are being grown in rooftop gardens by schools, churches, neighbourhoods and even restaurants Chef Rick Bayless serves “Rooftop Salsa” at his restaurant in Chicago, USA, using only ingredients grown in his rooftopgarden.

Rooftop gardens and green walls may require a bit more effort to grow and maintain However, hard work always brings rewards, and with green spaces, the rewards are plentiful

43 What is this passage mainlyabout?

A gardens in Madrid, New York, andChicago

B people growing plants on roofs andwalls

C private gardens in the city’s unusedspaces

D how to grow your own food in thecity

44 According to thep a s s a g e , people as cities have little space forg a r d e n s

A grow plants in theirapartments

B go to the countryside at theweekends

C paint their walls and roofsgreen

D grow trees and flowers on top ofroofs

45 Why is the green wall in Madrid mentioned in thep a s s a g e ?

A It is the most expensive green wall in theworld.

B It is located on the side of a governmentbuil di ng.

C It is a famous example of a greenwall.

D It was made to provide jobs for homelesspeople.

46 Which is NOT mentioned as a benefit of a rooftopg a r d e n ?

A It becomes a park that the community canuse.

B Having one might mean paying lesstaxes.

C Children can use it to learn about theenvironment.

D Growing plants on a roof keeps buildingscooler.

47 Because food can now be grownincities,

A the food at expensive restaurants ischeaper

B governments are making many rules about citygardens

C farmers in the countryside are moving to thecity

D there’s less pollution caused by transportingfood

48 The word“it”in paragraph 5refersto

49 Why did Chef Bayless name his dish “RooftopSalsa”?

A He got the idea while cooking on hisrooftop.

B He buys the salsa from other rooftopgardeners.

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