Tuyển tập các dạng điển hình và phương pháp giải nhanh bài tập trắc nghiệm hóa học 12: Phần 2

Tinh khoi laang muoi tao ra trong dung dich.. Tinh nong do mol/l cua HNO3 va tinh khoi lirong muoi khan thu duoc k h i c6 can dung dich sau phan ijfng.. Khoi lUtfng hon hop khi tao than

Trang 1

Bai 13: Cho 1,35 gam hon hop gom Cu, Mg, Al tac dung het vdi dung

dich HNO3 thu duac h5n hdp khi gom 0,01 mol NO va 0,04 mol NO2

Tinh khoi laang muoi tao ra trong dung dich

A 10,08 gam B 6,59 gam C 5,69 gam D 5,96 gam

Hit&ng dan gidi Cdch 1:

Dat X, y, z Ian lifcft la so mol Cu, Mg, Al

Nhi/dng e: Cu ^ Cu'^ + 2e Mg ^ Mg'^ + 2e Al A l ' " + 3e

x ^ x - ^ 2 x y - > y - > 2 y z - > z - > 3 z Thu e: N + 3e ^ N (NO) N + le ^ N (NO2)

0,03 <- 0,01 0,04 0,04

Ta c6: 2x + 2y + 3z = 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07 va 0,07 cung chinh la so mol NO3"

Khoi luong muoi nitrat la: 1,35 + 62 0,07 = 5,69 gam

Chon dap an C

Cdch 2:

Khi cho kim loai hoSc hon hop kim loai tac dung vdi dung dich axit

HNO3 tao hon hdp 2 khi NO va NO2 thi

n„j^o, = 2nNo, + 4nNo

Cdch 3: Dung cho trSc nghiem

nimudi = mu + Hspk.so e nhan.62

= 1,35 + (0,04.1+ 0,01.3).62 = 5,69 gam

Chon dap an C

Bai 14: Cho 1,35 gam hon hap A gom Cu, Mg, Al tac dung vdi HNO3 du dirac 1,12 lit hon hop X gom NO va NO2 (dktc) c6 khoi lucfng mol

trung binh la 42,8 Tong khoi lUcJng muoi nitrat sinh ra la:

Hit&ng dan gidi Cdch 1: n^= = 0,05mol

22,4

Lap scf do dtfdng cheo nhiT bai tren ta tinh di/ac so mol NO va NO2

Ian Itrat la 0,01 va 0,04 mol

Ta CO cac ban phan ufng:

NO3" + 4H^ + 3e > NO + 2H2O

0,03 0,01mol

NO3- + 2H* + le > NO2 + H2O

0,04 0,04 mol Nhir vay, tong electron nhan la 0,07 mol

Goi X, y, z Ian luat la so mol Cu, Mg, Al c6 trong 1,35 gam hon hop

kim loai Ta c6 cac ban phan ting:

Cu -> Cu^' + 2e Mg ^> Mg2^ + 2e Al ^ Al^^ + 3e

=> 2x + 2y + 3z = 0,07

Khoi liidng muoi nitrat sinh ra la:

m = mcu(No,), + mMg(NO,), + ^Aum,), = 1.35 + 62.(2x + 2y + 3z)

= 1,35 + 62.0,07 = 5,69 gam Chon dap an D

Cdch 2: Ap dung cong thiJc:

m muoi nitrat = " 1 kim loai + molgpk.so 6 nhan.62

I = 1,35 + (0,01.3+ 0,04.1).62 = 5,69 gam

fiai 15: Nung m gam bot sat trong oxi, thu dugc 3 gam h6n hcJp chat rSn

X Hoa tan het hon hdp X trong dung dich HNO3 (dtf), thoat ra 0,56

lit id dktc) NO (la san pham khuf duy nhat) Gia t r i cua m la

Trang 2

Hit&ng dan gidi

Fe'^ + 3e

3m

56 + 4e ->

4(3 - m)

32 4(3 - m)

32

mol 20'-;

mol e

N +5

+ 3e 0,075 mol <- 0,025 mol + 0,075 m = 2,52 gam

56 Chon dap an A

Cdch 2:

Van dung cong thiic tinh nhanh

mpe = 0,7.m h6n hqp oxit sdt + (mol sinphdm khu-so 6 nhan.5,6)

mpe = 0,045.56 = 2,52 gam Chon dap an A

Bai 16: H5n hop X gom hai kirn loai A va B dufng trUdc H trong day

dien hoa va c6 hoa t r i khong doi trong cac hop chat Chia m gam X

thanh hai phan hhng nhau:

- Phdn 1: Hoa tan hoan toan trong dung dich chiJa axit HCl vk H2SO4

loang tao ra 3,36 lit khi H 2

- Phdn 2: Tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich HNO3 thu duoc V lit khi

NO (san pham khuf duy nhat).Biet cac the tich khi do cf dieu kien tieu chuan Gia t r i cua V la

A 2,24 lit B 3,36 lit C 4,48 lit D 6,72 lit

Hitctng dan gidi

Dat hai kim loai A, B la M

- Ph^n 1: M-+nH* > M^* + (1)

- Phan 2: 3M + 4nH^ + nNOa'-^ 3M"^ + nNO + 2nH20 (2)

Theo (1): So mol e cua M cho bfing so mol e cua 2W nhan;

Theo (2): So mol e cua M cho bang so mol e cua nhan

Vay so mol e nhan cua 2H* bkng so mol e nhan cua N^^

A 0,28M B 1,4M C 1,7M D 1,2M

Hiidng dan gidi

1 7Q9 n„ = i ^ ^ = 0,08mol

Trang 3

K i m loai nhufdng bao nhieu electron thi cung n h a n bay nhieu goc N O 3

de tao muoi

=^ T^HNO, (,ao ,nu6i) = n h „ ^ , g = „ h , „ = 0, 04 + 0, 4 = 0,44 mol

Do do: n„^o.(p„.„ g ) = 0,44 + 0,12 = 0,56 mol

=^ [HNO3] = ^ = 0,28M

Chon dap an A

B a i 18: K h i cho 9,6 gam M g t a c dung h e t vdi dung dich H2SO4 d a m dac,

t h a y CO 49 g a m H2SO4 t h a m gia p h a n ufng, tao muo'i MgS04, H2O va

san p h a m khijf X X l a

Hii&ng dan giai

Dung dich H2SO4 d a m dSc vCfa l a chat oxi hoa vCfa l a moi triTcfng

G o i a la so oxi hoa c u a S trong X

, So mol H2SO4 da dung de tao muoi bang so mol M g = 9,6 : 24 = 0,4 mol

So mol H2SO4 da dung de oxi hoa M g la: 0,5 - 0,4 = 0,1 mol

T a c6: 0,1.(6 - a) = 0,8 -> x = - 2 V a y X l a H2S

C h o n dap a n C

B a i 19: D e a g a m bot sMt ngoai khong k h i , sau mot thori gian se chuyen

t h a n h h 6 n hop A c6 k h o i liTcfng la 75,2 gam gom F e , FeO, Fe203 va

Fe304 C h o h o n hop A p h a n iJng he't v d i dung dich H2SO4 d a m dSc,

nong thu dugc 6,72 lit k h i SO2 (dktc) K h o i li/grng a gam l a :

A 56 gam. B 11,2 g a m C 22,4 gam D 25,3 gam

Iliidng dan giai

SO4'" + 4 H * + 2e > SO2 + 2H2O (3)

Tir (2), (3) n,^^^ = 4no^ + 2nso,

= 4 7 5 , 2 - a ^ ^ 3a ^ ^ ^

32 56 Chon dap an A

BAI T A P V A N D U N G

B a i 1: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam A l vao dung dich HNO3 r a t loang t h i thu dtfoc hon hop gom 0,015 mol k h i N2O va 0,01mol k h i N O (phan ufng khong tao NH4NO3) Gia t r i cua m la

B a i 2: Cho mot luong CO di qua o'ng suf difng 0,04 mol hon hop A gom

FeO va Fe203 dot nong Sau k h i ket thiic t h i nghiem t h u duac chat

r ^ n B gom 4 chat nSng 4,784 gam K h i di ra khoi o'ng suT hap t h u vao

dung dich Ca(0H)2 dtf, t h i t h u difoc 4,6 gam ket tua P h a n t r S m k h o i

luong FeO trong hon hop A la

A 68,03% B 13,03% C 31,03% D 68,97%

B a i 3: Mot hon hop gom hai bot k i m loai M g va A l di/oc chia thanh hai phan bang nhau:

- Phan 1: Cho t a c dung v d i H C l dir t h u daoc 3,36 l i t H2

- Phan 2: Hoa t a n he't trong HNO3 loang d\i t h u di/oc V l i t mot k h i

khong mau, hoa nau trong khong k h i (cac the tich k h i deu

do d dktc) Gia t r i cua V la

A 2,24 l i t B 3,36 l i t C 4,48 Ht D 5,6 l i t

B a i 4: Dung dich X gom AgN03 va Cu(N03)2 c6 cung nong do Lay mot

lirgng hon hap gom 0,03 mol A l ; 0,05 mol Fe cho vao 100 m l dung dich X

cho tdi k h i phan ijfng ket thiic thu di/ac chat rkn Y chufa 3 k i m loai.Cho

Y vao HCI du giai phong 0,07 gam k h i Nong do cua hai muoi la

A 0,3M B 0,4M C 0,42M D 0,45M

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B a i 5: Cho 1,35 gam hon hop Cu, M g , A l tac dung vdi HNO3 du dUdc 896 m l

hon hap gom N O va NO2 c6 M = 42 Tinh tong khoi lUOng muoi nitrat

sinh ra (khi d dktc)

B a i 6 Hoa tan hg't 4,43 gam h6n hop A l va M g trong HNO3 loang thu

dugc dung dich A va 1,568 l i t (dktc) hon hop hai k h i (deu khong mau)

CO khoi lirong 2,59 gam trong do c6 mot k h i b i hoa t h a n h mau nau

trong khong k h i T i n h so mol HNO3 da phan ufng

A 0,51 mol B A 0,45 mol C 0,55 mol D 0,49 mol

B a i 7: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam h6n hop gom ba k i m loai bkng dung

dich HNO3 thu duoc 1,12 l i t hon hop k h i D (dktc) gom NO2 va NO T i

khoi hoi cua D so vdi hidro bang 18,2 Tinh the tich toi thieu dung

dich HNO3 37,8% (d = l,242g/ml) can dung

A 20,18 m l B 11,12 m l C 21,47 m l D 36,7 m l

B a i 8: Hoa tan 6,25 gam hon hop Zn va A l vao 275 m l dung dich HNO3 thu

dtroc dung dich A, chat rkn B gom cac k i m loai chi/a tan het can nSng

2,516 gam va 1,12 l i t hon hop k h i D (of dktc) gom NO va NO2 T i khoi

cua h6n hop D so vdi H2 la 16,75 Tinh nong do mol/l cua HNO3 va tinh

khoi lirong muoi khan thu duoc k h i c6 can dung dich sau phan ijfng

A 0,65M va 11,794 gam B 0,65M vk 12,35 gam

C 0,75M va 11,794 gam D 0,55M va 12.35 gam

B a i 9: Dot chay 5,6 gam bot Fe trong binh difng O2 t h u duoc 7,36 gam

hon hop A gom Fe203, Fe304 va Fe Hoa tan hoan toan luong h6n hop

A bang dung dich HNO3 t h u di/Oc V l i t h5n hop k h i B gom N O va

NO2 T i khoi cua B so vdi H2 bSng 19 The tich V 0 dktc la

A 672 m l B 336 m l C 448 m l D 896 m l

B a i 10: Cho a gam h6n hop A gom oxit FeO, CuO, Fe203 c6 so mol bang

nhau tac dung hoan toan v6i lirong vira du la 250 m l dung dich HNO3

khi dun nong nhe, thu diTOc dung dich B va 3,136 l i t (dktc) hon hop k h i

C gom NO2 va NO c6 t i khoi so vdi hidro la 20,143 Tinh a

D a p a n

A P H l / O N G P H A P Q U I D O I H 6 N H0P N H I E U C H A T V E IT C H A T HCiN

Cdc chu y khi dp dung phUcfng phdp quy dot:

1 K h i quy doi hon hop nhieu chat (h5n hop X) (tCr ba chat t r d len)

thanh hon hop hai chat hay chi con mot chat ta phai hao toan

so mol nguyen to vd bdo toan khoi lii^ng hon h^p

2 Co the quy doi hon hop X ve bat ky cap chat nao, tham chi quy doi ve

mot chat Tuy nhien ta nen chon cap chat nao don gian c6 i t phan ufng oxi hoa khijf nhat de don gian viec tinh toan

3 Trong qua t r i n h t i n h toan theo phiTOng phap quy doi doi k h i ta gap

so am do la do sir bu trCr khoi lirong cua cac chat trong hon hop Trong trirdng hop nay ta v l n t i n h toan binh thudng va k e t qua cuoi cung van thoa m a n

4 K h i quy doi h o n hop X ve mot chat la Fe^Oy t h i oxit FexOy t i m

diroc chi la oxit gia dinh khong c6 thirc

B a i 1: (DH khoi A-2010): Hoa tan hoan toan 2,44 gam hon hop hot X

gom FOxOy va Cu b a n g dung dich H2SO4 dac nong (dir) Sau phan ufng thu dirge 0,504 l i t k h i SO2 (san pham khuf duy nhat, d dktc) va dung

dich chijfa 6,6 gam hon hop muoi sunfat Phan t r a m khoi lirgng cua

Cu trong X la

A 39,34% B 65,57% C 26,23% D 13,11%

Hii&ng dan gidi

2,44 gam X gom Fe^Oy va Cu c6 the tao ra t o i da:

Hon hop Fe203 va CuO c6 khoi lirong: 2,44 + ^ ^ 1 6 = 2,8 gam

sau phan ufng thu dirge 145,2 gam muoi khan gia t r i eua m la

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HUcmg dan giai

B a i 3 : Hoa t a n h o a n toan 49,6 g a m h o n hcfp X g&m Fe, FeO, Fe203, FegO,

b a n g H2SO4 dac n o n g t h u diroc d u n g dich Y va 8,96 l i t k h i S O 2 (dktc)

0,1 m o l , hoa t a n h e t vao d u n g d i c h Y g o m ( H C l v a H2SO4 l o a n g ) 6xi

t h u diiac d u n g d i c h Z N h d tCr tCf d u n g d i c h Cu(N03)2 I M vao d u n g

d i c h Z cho t d i k h i n g U n g t h o a t k h i N O T h e t i c h d u n g d i c h Cu(N03)2

c a n d u n g v a t h e t i c h k h i t h o d t r a (d dktc)?

A 25 m l ; 1,12 l i t B 0,5 l i t ; 22,4 l i t

C 50 m l ; 2,24 l i t D 50 m l ; 1,12 l i t

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HUdng dan gidi

Quy h 6 n hop 0,1 m o l FegOs va 0,1 m o l F e O t h a n h 0,1 m o l Fe304

H o n hop X gom: Fe304 0,2 mol; F e 0,1 mol + dung dich Y

' Fe304 + 8H^ > Fe'^ + 2 F e ' ^ + 4H2O

0,2 0,2 0,4 mol

Fe + 2 H " > Fe^^ + H2T

0,1 0,1 mol

Dung dich Z: (Fe^^: 0,3 mol; Fe^^: 0,4 mol) + Cu(N03)2:

SFe'^ + NO3- + 4H^ > 3Fe'^ + N O t + 2H2O

B a i 7: Nung 8,96 gam F e trong khong k h i difoc h5n hop A gom F e O ,

Fe304, Fe203. A hoa t a n hoan toan trong dung dich chufa 0,5 mol

HNO3 t h i vCfa du, thay thoat r a k h i N O la san pham khuf duy nhat So

X + y = 0,16 lOx

• Quy hdn hop X vi hat chdt Fe vd FegO^:

H o a t a n h 6 n h o p X vao dung dich HNO3 dU t a c6

F e + 6HNO3 > Fe(N03)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O

• Quy hdn hap X vi hat chdt FeO vd Fe203:

F e O + 4HNO3 > F e ( N 0 3 ) 3 + NO2 + 2H2O

S F e A 0,025 mol

m , = 0,1.72 + 0,025 160 = 11,2 gam

C h o n dap a n A

Trang 7

Chii y: V a n c6 the quy hon hcjp X ve hai chat (FeO va F e 3 0 4 ) hoSc (Fe

va FeO), hoSc (Fe va Fe304) nhimg viec giai t r d nen phuTc tap

hcfn (cu the la ta phai dSt an so mol moi chat, lap he phtfong

t r i n h , giai he phacfng t r i n h hai an so)

• Quy hdn hop X ve mot chdt Id Fefiy

Fe,0y + (6x-2y)HN03 > Fe(N03)3 + (3x-2y) NO2 + (3x-y)H20

* NOi dung: Phuang phdp bdo todn nguyen ti2 vd phuang phdp bdo todn

so mol electron cho phep chung ta ggp nhieu phUang trinh phdn ling lai

Idm mot, qui ggn viec tinh todn vd nhdm nhanh dap so

B a i 1: (CD Khoi A - 2007): Cho 4,48 l i t CO (d dktc) tCf tvl di qua ong su:

nung nong diTng 8 gam mot oxit sat den k h i phan ufng xay ra hoan

toan K h i t h u dirac sau phan iJng c6 t i k h o i so vdi hidro bang 20.C6ng

thufc cua oxit s^t va phan t r a m the tich cua k h i CO2 trong hon hdp

k h i sau phan ufng la

A FeO; 75% B FezOg; 75% C FeaOg; 65% D Fe304; 65%

Hiidng dan giai Fe^Oy + yCO > xFe + yCOz

K h i t h u dUdc gom 2 k h i CO2 va CO du c6 M = 40

S"co =|g = 0,2mol n^o, 44 12

nco 28

40-n^ol _ 3 _ 0,15

n CO 0,05 %Vco - 75%

75

100 .0,2 - 0,15 mol -> ncodu = 0,05 mol

ThUc chat phan iJng khijf oxit s^t la do

CO + O

(trong oxit sit) ^ CO2

=> nco = no = 0,15 mol -> mo = 0,15.16 = 2,4 gam

=:> mpe = 8 - 2,4 = 5,6 gam -> npe = 0,1 mol

Theo phiicfng t r i n h phan ufng ta c6: —

A 151,5 B 97,5 C 137,1 D 108,9

Hiidng dan giai

K i m loai con du la Cu va muoi s^t t h u diioc se la muoi s^t (II) (Cu

khii Fe^")

3Fe304 + 28HNO3 9Fe(N03)3 + NO + I4H2O

3 3Cu + 8HNO3 ^ 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N 0

" N O = = 0,15 mol ^

) = 58,8 2y

(1) (2)

Trang 8

B a i 3: (DH khoi B - 2009): Hoa tan hoan toan 24,4 gam hon hop gom

FeCl2 va NaCl (c6 t i le so mol tirong ufng la 1 : 2) vao mot lirong nyxdc

(d\i), thu dMc dung dich X Cho dung dich AgNOs (du) vao dung dich

X, sau k h i phan ufng xay ra hoan toan sinh ra m gam chat ran Gia

t r i cua m la

A 68,2 g B 28,7 g C 10,8g D 57,4g

HUdng d&n giai

Bki todn nay d day khong chi don thuan c6 phan ufng trao doi ma con

c6 phan iJng Ag* oxi hoa Fe^^ Vay chat rSn thu diTOc gom AgCl va Ag

Goi so mol cua FeCl2 la x t h i so mol cua NaCl la 2x

B a i 4: (DH khoi A - 2007): Hoa tan hoan toan hon hcfp gom 0,12mol

FeS2 va a mol CU2S vao dung dich HNO3 (vCfa du), thu difcJc dung dich

X (chi chufa hai muoi sunfat) va k h i duy nhat NO Gia t r i cua a la (cho

Fe = 56 , Cu = 64 , S = 32):

A 0,075 B 0,12 C 0,06 D 0,04

Hiidng dan gidi

Cac nguyen to Fe, Cu, S se hi HNO3 oxi ho^ len so oxi hoa cao nhat

Vay cong thufc cua hai muoi sunfat la Fe2(S04)3 va CUSO4

Ta CO so do hop thutc: 2FeS2 ^ Fe2(S04)3

0,12 (mol) 0,06 (mol)

CuzS 2CuS

a (mol) 2a (mol) + Tong so mol S trudc phan ufng: 0,12.2 + a = (0,24 + a) mol + Tdng so mol S sau phan ufng: 0,06.3 + 2a = (0,18 + 2a) mol

Ap dung dinh luat bao toan nguyen to ta cd:

0,24 + a = 0,18 + 2a o a = 0,06 (mol)

| T Chon dap an C

Jai 5: Cho h5n hop A gom A l , Zn, M g Dem oxi hoa hoan toan 28,6 gam

A bang oxi dtf thu diigc 44,6 gam hon hgfp oxit B Hoa tan het B trong

dung dich H C l thu dugc dung dich D Co can dung dich D difoc h6n

hop muoi khan la

Hii&ng dan gidi

Goi M la k i m loai dai dien cho ba k i m loai tren vdi hoa t r i la n

Ap dung dinh luat bao toan khoi li/gng -> Tn.Q^ = 44,6 - 28,6 = 16 gam

=> no^ = 0,5 mol ->• n n c i = 4.0,5 - 2 mol

A 448 ml B 224 ml C 336 ml D 112 ml

Hii&ng dan gidi

Thuc chat phan iJng khuf cac oxit tren la H2 + 0

0,05 ->

H2O

0,05 mol

Trang 9

D a t so mol hon hop X gom FeO, Fe304, FezOg Ian lirot la x, y, z

Nhan hai ve cua (2) vdri 3 roi trCr (1) ta c6: x + y = 0,02 mol

Mat khac: 2FeO + 4H2SO4 > Fe2(S04)3 + SO2 + 4H2O

B a i 7: Thoi tCf tCr V lit hon hop khi (dktc) gom C O va H2 di qua mot ong

diing 16,8 gam hon hop 3 oxit: CuO, Fe304, A I 2 O 3 nung nong, phan

ling hoan toan Sau phan uTng thu diioc m gam chat rSn va mot hon

hop khi va hoi nSng hon khoi liTOng cua hon hop V la 0,32 gam Tinh

V va m

A 0,224 ht va 14,48 gam B 0,448 lit va 18,46 gam

C 0,112 lit va 12,28 gam D 0,448 lit va 16,48 gam

Hii&ng dan giai Thiic chat phan ufng khuf cac oxit tren la CO + 0 > CO2

H2 + O > H2O

Khoi lUtfng hon hop khi tao thanh nSng hon hon hgfp khi ban dau

chinh la khoi li/ong cua nguyen tuf oxi trong cac oxit tham gia phan

iJng Do vay: mo = 0,32 gam

0 32

^ n,co = "o = = 0,02 mol

=> {n^Q + n „ J = 0,02 mol

Ap dung dinh luat bao toan khoi luong ta c6:

moxit = nichairiin + 0,32 16,8 = m + 0,32 => m = 16,48 gam

^ V^h(co.H,) = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448 lit

Chon dap an D

p a i 8: Thoi rat cham 2,24 lit (dktc) mot hon hop khi gom CO va H2 qua mot ong sur dung hSn hop A I 2 O 3 , CuO, Fe304, Fe203 c6 khoi luTOng l a

24 gam d\i dang duoc dun nong Sau khi ket thuc phan ufng khoi

l i i o n g chat ran con lai trong ong suT la

A 22,4 gam B 11,2 gam C 20,8 gam D 16,8 gam

Hiic/ng dan giai

nhh(co.H,) = ^ = 0,lmol Thiic chat phan ufng khuT cac oxit la: C O + O > C O 2

A 0,92 gam B 0,32 gam C 0,64 gam D 0,46 gam

HUdng dan giai

CnH2„^lCn20H + CuO ^ CnH2„.lCH0 + C u i + H2O Khoi lirong chat rSn trong binh giam chinh la so gam nguyen tijf O trong CuO phan iJng Do do nhan duoc:

0 32

mo = 0,32 gam -> n,, = - — = 0,02 mol

16 H6n hop hoi gom: C„H,„,,CHO : 0,02 mol

H , p : 0,02 mol

Vay h6n hop hoi c6 tdng so mol la 0,04 mol

Co M = 31 => m h h h o i = 31.0,04 = 1,24 gam

niancol + 0,32 = m h h hai mancol = 1,24 - 0,32 = 0,92 gam

Chon dap an A

Trang 10

Hit&ng dan gidi

A x i t c a c b o x y l i c d a n chufc c6 2 n g u y e n tuf o x i n e n c6 t h e d S t l a RO2

V a y : nQnjo^, + n g ^ p = noico^) + "odi^o)

Trang 11

B a i 14: Khuf h o a n t o a n 24 g a m h o n h o p CuO v a FCxOy b a n g H 2 dii d n h i e t

do cao t h u daac 17,6 g a m h o n h o p 2 k i m l o a i K h o i liTcmg H 2 O tao

B a i 15: Khut h e t m g a m Fe304 b a n g C O t h u duoc h o n h o p A g o m F e O va

Fe A t a n vCra d u t r o n g 0,3 l i t d u n g d i c h H 2 S O 4 I M cho r a 4,48 l i t k h i

B a i 16: D u n h a i mau dan chuTc v d i H 2 S O 4 dSc, 140°C duac h o n h o p ba

ete L a y 0,72 g a m m o t t r o n g ba ete d e m d o t c h a y h o a n t o a n t h u duoc 1,76 g a m C O 2 v a 0,72 g a m H 2 O H a i riXOu do l a

BAI TAP VAN D U N G

B a i 1: H o a t a n h o a n t o a n h o n h o p X g o m 0,4 m o l FeO v a O , l m o l Fe203 vao dung d i c h H N O 3 loang, diT t h u duoc d u n g d i c h A va k h i B k h o n g m a u , hoa n a u t r o n g k h o n g k h i D u n g d i c h A cho tac d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h N a O H

Trang 12

B a i 5: Hoa tan hoan toan a gam hon hop X gom Fe va FeaOs trong dung

dich H C l t h u dUOc 2,24 Ht k h i H2 of dktc va dung dich B Cho dung

dich B tac dung dung dich N a O H du, loc lay ket tua, nung trong

khong k h i den k h o i liTOng khong doi t h u dtfoc 24 gam chat r ^ n Gia

t r i cua a la

B a i 6: Hon hop X gom M g va AI2O3 Cho 3 gam X tac dung vdi dung

dich H C l du giai phong V Ht k h i (dktc) Dung dich t h u dUdc cho tac

dung v d i dung dich N H 3 du, loc va nung ket tua daoc 4,12 gam hot

oxit V CO gia t r i la:

A 1,12 l i t B 1,344 l i t C 1,568 l i t D 2,016 l i t

B a i 7: H o n hcfp A gom Mg, A l , Fe, Zn Cho 2 gam A tac dung vdi dung

dich H C l dif giai phong 0,1 gam k h i Cho 2 gam A tac dung vdi khi

clo du t h u diTOc 5,763 gam h5n hop muoi P h a n t r a m k h o i lUdng cua

Fe trong A la

A 8,4% B 16,8% C 19,2% D 22,4%

B a i 8: {CD - Khoi A 2007): Dot chay hoan toan mot the t i c h k h i thien

nhien gom metan, etan, propan bSng oxi khong k h i (trong khong khi

oxi chiem 20% the tich), t h u duac 7,84 l i t k h i C O 2 (dktc) va 9,9 gam

H 2 O The tich khong k h i d (dktc) nho n h a t can dung de dot chay

hoan toan li/cfng k h i t h i e n n h i e n t r e n la

B a i 9: Hoa tan hoan toan 5 gam hon hap 2 k i m loai X va Y hhng dung dich

H C l thu duac dung dich A va k h i H2 Co can dung dich A thu dirge 5,71

gam muoi khan Hay t i n h the tich k h i H2 thu dagc d dktc

B a i 10: Dot chay hoan toan m gam hon hgp Y gom C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 4 va C4H8

t h i t h u di/gc 12,98 gam C O 2 va 5,76 gam H 2 O Vay m c6 gia t r i la

H< Npi dung: Nguyen tac cua phUOng phap la xem k h i chuyen tii chat A

t h a n h chat B (khong n h a t t h i e t triTc tiep, c6 the bo qua nhieu giai

B doan trung gian) k h o i liigng t a n g hay giam bao nhieu gam thi/dng t i n h

B< theo 1 mol) va dvla vao k h o i liTcfng thay doi ta de dang t i n h dugc so"

H mol chat da t h a m gia phan iJng hoSc ngiigc l a i V i du trong phan ufng:

K M C O 3 + 2HC1 > M C I 2 + H 2 O + COzt

• | T a thay rkng k h i chuyen 1 mol M C O 3 t h a n h M C I 2 t h i k h o i lugng tSng

" ( M + 2 X 35,5) - (M + 60) = 11 gam

va CO 1 mol C O 2 bay ra N h u vay k h i biet li/gng muoi tSng, t a c6 the

t i n h liiong C O 2 bay ra

Trong phan ufng este hoa:

C H 3 - C O O H + R'-OH > C H 3 - C O O R ' + H 2 O

t h i tCr 1 mol R - O H chuyen t h a n h 1 mol este k h o i Itrgng tSng

(R' + 59) - (R' + 17) = 42 gam

N h u vay neu biet k h o i li/gng cua rufgu va k h o i lirgng cua este t a de

dang t i n h dugc so mol rirgu hoSc ngugc l a i

Vdi bai tap cho k i m loai A day k i m loai B ra k h o i dung dich muoi difdi

dang til do:

- K h o i li/gng k i m loai tSng b^ng me (b^m) - n i A (tan)

- K h o i lugng k i m loai giam hkng m/, aan) - T^B

(Um)-BAI TAP VAN D g N G

B a i 1: Hoa tan 3,28 gam h5n hgp muoi M g C l 2 va Cu(N03)2 vao n\ldc dirge

dung dich A Nhiing vao dung dich A mot t h a n h sSt Sau mot khoang thdi gian lay t h a n h sSt ra can lai thay tang t h e m 0,8 gam Co can dung dich sau phan ufng t h u dirge m gam muoi khan Gia t r i m 1^

HU&ng dan giai

Ap dung dinh luat bao toan khoi lirgng: Sau mot khoang thdi gian do tSng ' khoi lirgng cua thanh Fe bSng do giam khoi lirgng eua dung dich muoi

Do do: m = 3,28 - 0,8 = 2,48 gam

Chon dap an B

B a i 2: {CD - Khoi A 2007): Cho 5,76 gam axit hufu ca X dan chdc, mach

ho tac dung het v d i CaCOa t h u dirge 7,28 gam muoi cua axit hiJu cO

Cong thiJc cau tao t h u ggn cua X la

A C H 2 = C H - C O O H B C H 3 C O O H

^ C H C ^ C - C O O H D C H 3 - C H 2 - C O O H

Trang 13

HUdng dan giai

D a t CTTQ cua axit hOru ccf X don chufc la RCOOH

2 R C 0 0 H + CaCOs > (RC00)2Ca + COzt + H 2 O

Cuf 2 mol axit p h a n lifng tao muoi thi khoi lirgng tang (40 - 2) = 38 gam

X mol axit < (7,28 - 5,76) = 1,52 gam

B a i 3: Hoa tan hoan toan 23,8 gam hon hop mot muoi cacbonat cua kim

loai hoa tri (I) va mot muoi cacbonat ciia k i m loai hoa tri (II) bSng dung

dich H C l thay thoat ra 4,48 lit k h i CO2 (dktc) Co can dung dich thu

diicfc sau phan umg thi khoi lugng muoi k h a n thu diicfc la bao nhieu?

A 26,0 gam. B 28,0 gam. C 26,8 gam. D 28,6 gam

HUcfng dan gidi

Cur 1 mol muoi cacbonat tao t h a n h 1 mol muoi clorua cho nen k h o i

luong muoi k h a n t a n g (71 - 60) = 11 gam, ma

J^CO^ ~ " m u t f l cacbonat = 0,2 mol

Suy ra k h o i Itfcfng muo'i k h a n t a n g sau p h a n ufng l a 0,2.11 = 2,2 gam

Vay tong k h o i liTOng muoi k h a n thu difdc la 23,8 + 2,2 = 26 gam

Chon dap an A

B a i 4: Cho 3,0 gam mot axit no, don chiJc A ta c dung vCfa du v d i dung

dich N a O H Co c a n dung dich sau p h a n iJng thu dtfoc 4,1 gam muoi

k h a n CTPT cua A la

A H C O O H B. C3H7COOH C CH3COOH D C2H5COOH

HU&ng dan gidi

Cuf 1 mol axit don chufc tao t h a n h 1 mol muoi th i k h o i li/cJng tang

(23 - 1) = 22 gam, ma theo dau bai khoi liTOng muoi tang (4,1 - 3) = 1,^

gam nen so mol axit la

1 1 3

naxit = = 0,05 mol -> Maxit = — — = 60 gam

D a t CTTQ cua axit no, don chuTc A la C „H2n+iC00H nen ta c6:

trong dung dich giam 25% Khoi liiOng cua vat sau phan ufng la

A 3,24 gam. B 2,28 gam. C 17,28 gam. D 24,12 gam

Hitdng dan gidi

B a i 6: Cho dung dich AgNOs dir tac dung vdi dung dich hon hgtp c6 hoa

tan 6,25 gam hai muoi K C l va K B r t h u C^iac 10,39 gam hon hop AgCl

va AgBr Hay xac d i n h so mol h6n hop dau

A 0,08 mol B 0,06 mol C 0,03 mol D 0,055 mol

Hitdng dan gidi

CUT 1 mol muoi halogen tao t h a n h 1 mol ket tua

> k h o i li/(?ng tang: 108 - 39 = 69 gam; 0,06 mol < khoi li/ong tang: 10,39 - 6,25 = 4,14 gam Vay tong so mol h o n hop dau la 0,06 mol

Chon dap a n B

B a i 7: Nhiing mot t h a n h graphit diiOc phu mot Idp k i m loai hoa t r i (II)

vao dung dich CUSO4 di/ Sau phan ufng k h o i lii(?ng cua t h a n h graphit

giam di 0,24 gam Cung t h a n h graphit nay neu difoc nhiing vao dung dich AgN03 t h i k h i phan ufng xong thay k h o i liiong t h a n h graphit tang len 0,52 gam K i m loai hod t r i (II) la k i m loai nao sau day?

A Pb B Cd C A l D Sn

Hii&ng dan gidi

Dat k i m loai hoa t r i (II) la M v d i so gam la x (gam)

M + CUSO4 > MSO4 + Cu

Cuf M gam k i m loai tan r a t h i se c6 64 gam Cu bam vao Vay k h o i

li^Ong k i m loai giam (M - 64) gam;

Vay: x (gam) = ^''^'^•^ ^ ^^loi liiong k i m loai giam 0,24 gam

M - 6 4

Trang 14

M a t khac: M + 2AgN03 > M(N03)2 + 2Ag

Cuf M gam k i m loai tan r a t h i se c6 216 gam Ag bam vao Vay khS'i

luang k i m loai tSng (216 - M ) gam;

0 52 M Vay: x (gam) = — — ' - — < k h o i luong k i m loai tSng 0,52 gam

B a i 8: Co 1 l i t dung dich hon hop NazCOa 0,1 mol/1 vk (NH4)2C03 0,25

mol/1 Cho 43 gam h6n hgfp BaCh va CaCh vao dung dich do Sau k h i

cac phan ufng ket thiic ta t h u diTcfc 39,7 gam ket tiia A va dung dich B

T i n h % k h o i luTOng cac chat trong A

A % m 3 , ^ ^ = 50%, %mc„co, =

50%-B %m^,co, = 50,38%, %m^^^ = 49,62%

C %m^co, = 49,62%, %mc„co, = 50,38%

D Khong xac d i n h duoc

Ht^&ng dan gidi

Trong dung dich: NazCOg > 2Na^ + COg^'

(NH4)2C03 > 2NH4" +

COa^-BaClz > Ba^" + 2Cr CaCla > Ca^^ + 2Cr Cac phan iJng: Ba^^ + COg^- > B a C 0 3 i (1)

Ca'" + CO3'- > CaCOg^ (2) Theo (1) va (2) cuf 1 mol BaCl2, hoSc CaClz bien t h a n h BaCOg hoSc

CaCOg t h i k h o i iLfOng muoi giam (71 - 60) = 11 gam Do do tong so

43 — 39 7 mol hai muoi BaCOg va CaCOg bang: ' = 0,3 mol

Ma tong so mol COg^' = 0,1 + 0,25 = 0,35, dieu do chufng to du COg^'

Goi X , y la so mol BaCOg va CaCOg trong A ta c6:

X + y = 0,3 ' l 9 7 x + 100y = 39,7

NaCl C O trong h6n hop X la

Hiiceng dan gidi

K h i CI2 dii chi khijf difcfc muoi N a l theo phifofng t r i n h

2 N a I + CI2 > 2NaCl + I2

CiJ 1 mol N a l tao t h a n h 1 mol N a C l > K h o i lUdng muoi giam 127

-35,5 = 91,5 gam

Vay: 0,5 mol < Khoi lugrng muoi giam 104,25 - 58,5 = 45,75 gam

=> mNai = 150.0,5 = 75 gam mNaCi = 104,25 - 75 = 29,25 gam

Chon dap an A

B a i 10: Nhiing mot t h a n h k e m va mot t h a n h s^t vao cung mot dung dich C U S O 4 Sau mot t h 6 i gian lay hai t h a n h k i m loai r a thay trong dung dich c6n l a i c6 nong do mol ZnS04 bang 2,5 Ian nong do mol

FeS04 M a t khac, k h o i liTcfng dung dich giam 2,2 gam K h o i lifcfng

dong bam len t h a n h k e m va bam len t h a n h ski Ian liiOt la

A 12,8 gam; 32 gam B 64 gam; 25,6 gam

C 32 gam; 12,8 gam D 25,6 gam; 64 gam

Hii&ng dan gidi

Yi trong cung dung dich c6n l a i (cung the tich) nen:

nicu (b^m) - nizn (tan) " T^Fe (tan)

dau H o i k h o i \\iCng t h a n h k e m ban dau

A 60 gam B 70 gam C 80 gam D 90 gam

Trang 15

B a i 12: N h i i n g t h a n h k i m loai M hoa t r i 2 vao dung dich CUSO4, sau

mot t h d i gian lay t h a n h k i m loai ra thay k h o i luong giam 0,05% Mat

khac nhiing t h a n h k i m loai t r e n vao dung dich Pb(N03 )2, sau mot then

gian thay k h o i liiOng t a n g 7,1% X a c d i n h M , biet r a n g so mol CuSO,

va Pb(N03 )2 tham gia d 2 triTdng hgfp nhir nhau

Hiic/ng ddn giai

Goi m la k h o i liiong t h a n h k i m loai, M la nguyen tilf k h o i cua kim

loai, X la so' mol muoi phan lifng

B a i 13: Cho 3,78 gam hot A l p h a n urng vCra du vdi dung dich muoi XCI3

tao t h a n h dung dich Y K h o i ItTofng chat tan trong dung dich Y g i a m

4,06 gam so vdi dung dich XCI3 X a c dinh cong thufc cua muoi XCI3

A FeCl3 B AICI3 C C r C l s D K h o n g xac dinh

B a i 14: Nung 100 gam hon hop gom Na2C03 va NaHCOg cho den, k h i khoi

iLfOng hon hop khong doi diTOc 69 gam chat rSn Xac dinh phan t r a m

khoi \\igng cua m5i chat tuong ijfng trong hon hop ban dau

A 1.28 gam B 2,48 gam C 3,1 gam. D 0,48 gam

Trang 16

HuCdng dan giai

Bai 1 Cho 115 gam hon hgfp gom ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tac dung het vdi

dung dich HCl thay thoat ra 22,4 Ht CO2 (dktc) Khoi Itrgng muoi

clorua tao ra trong dung dich la

A 142 gam B 126 gam. C. 141 gam D 132 gam

B a i 2 Ngam mot la sMt trong dung dich C U S O 4 Neu biet khoi luong

dong bam tren la sSt la 9,6 gam thi khoi lifcfng la sSt sau ngam tang

them bao nhieu gam so vdx ban dau?

A 5,6 gam B 2,8 gam. C. 2,4 gam D 1,2 gam

B a i 3. Cho hai thanh sSt c6 khoi lifdng bang nhau

- Thanh 1 nhiing vao dung dich c6 chula a mol AgNOa

- Thanh 2 nhiing vao dung dich c6 chiJa a mol Cu(N03)2;

Sau phan uTng, lay thanh s^t ra, say kho vk can lai thay se cho ket

qua nao sau day?

A Khoi lirong hai thanh sau nhung vSn bang nhau nhtfng khac ban dau

B Khoi li/ong thanh 2 sau nhiing nho hcfn khoi luong thanh 1 sau nhiing

C. Khoi lUdng thanh 1 sau nhiing nho hon khoi liTOng thanh 2 sau nhiing

D Khoi lifOng hai thanh khong doi vSn nhiT trtfdc khi nhiing

B a i 4 Cho V lit dung dich A chufa dong th6i FeCl3 I M va Fe2(S04)3 0,5M

tac dung vdfi dung dich Na2C03 c6 du, phan ufng ket thiic thay khoi

lirong dung dich sau phan iJng giam 69,2 gam so vdi tong khoi li/ong

cua cac dung dich ban dau Gia t r i cua V la:

A 0,2 lit B 0,24 lit C 0,237 lit D.0,336 lit

Bai 5 Cho luong khi CO di qua 16 gam oxit sat nguyen chat duac nung nong trong mot cai ong IChi phan ufng thiic hien hoan toan va ket thiic, thay khoi liTOng ong giam 4,8 gam Xac dinh cong thiJc va ten oxit sat dem dung

Bai 6 Dung CO de khuf 40 gam oxit Fe203 thu difcfc 33,92 gam chat rSn

B gom Fe203, FeO va Fe Cho - B tac dung vdi H2SO4 loang dir, thu

2

dacfc 2,24 lit khi H2 (dktc)

Xac dinh thanh phan theo so mol chat ran B, the tich khi CO (dktc) toi thieu de c6 duoc ket qua nay

Bai 7 Nhiing mot thanh sat nSng 12,2 gam vao 200 ml dung dich CUSO4

0 5M Sau mot thdi gian lay thanh kim loai ra, c6 can dung dich diroc 15,52 gam chat ran khan

a) Viet phLfOng trinh phan ling xay ra, tim khoi Itfcfng tCrng chat c6 trong 15,52 gam chat r^n khan

b) Tinh khoi lucfng thanh kim loai sau phan ling Hoa tan hoan toan thanh kim loai nay trong dung dich HNO3 dSc nong, du thu dtfOc khi NO2 duy nhat, the tich V lit (do d 27,3 °C, 0,55 atm) Viet cac phuong trinh phan ufng xay ra Tinh V

Bai 8 Ngam mot thanh dong c6 khoi lirong 140,8 gam vao dung dich AgN03 sau mot thdi gian lay thanh dong dem can lai thay nSng 171,2 gam Tinh thanh phan khoi liTcyng cua thanh dong sau phan iJng Dap an

1 B 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 FegOs

6 Vco = 8,512 l i t ; %nFe = 46,51% ; %nFeo = 37,21% ;%nF,^o, = 16,28%

7 a) 6,4 gam CUSO4 va 9,12 gam FeS04

b) m K L = 12,68 gam; V^o^ = 26,88 lit

8 Thanh Cu sau phan ling c6 mAg(b&m) = 43,2 gam v^ mcu(cbniai) = 128 gam

Trang 17

VIII PHlJONG P H A P GIA T R j T R U N G BJNH

Nguyen tSc cua p h L f O n g phap n h u sau: K h o i Itfcfng phan tuf trung binh

( K L P T T B ) ( k i hieu M ) cung n h i / k h o i l i T O n g nguyen tuf t r u n g binh

( K L N T T B ) c h i n h l a k h o i lifong cua m o t m o l h 5 n hop, nen no diioc

t i n h theo cong thufc:

^ _ t6ng khoi luong h6n hap (tinh theo gam)

long so mol cac chat trong h6n hop

_ M,n, + M , n , + M3n3 + ••• _ X ^ j ^ j ( D

n , + n 2 + n3 + J n ^ trong d o Mi, M a , - l a K L P T (hoSc K L N T ) cua cac chat trong h o n hop;

ni, n2, la so mol ttfong u f n g cua cac chat

Cong thufc (1) CO the viet t h a n h :

M = M , ^ + M ^ ^ + M 3 ^ +

Z^. 2 " i

M = M,x, + M2X2 + M3X3 + (2)

trong d o xi, X 2 , l a % s o m o l ti/ong u f n g (cung chinh l a % khoi luong)

cua cac chat DSc biet doi v d i chat k h i t h i xi, X2, cung chinh la %

the tich nen cong thufc (2) c6 the viet t h a n h :

- M,V,+M,V,-hM3V3^- _lM.V,

^ - v , v , V 3 ' - Zv

trong d o V i , V2, l a the tich cua cac chat k h i Neu h o n hop chi c6 2

chat t h i cac cong thufc (1), (2), (3) tuong ufng t r d t h a n h (1'), (2'), ( 3 ' )

trong do V i l a the tich k h i thdf n h a t va V la tong the tich h o n hap

Tii cong thufc t i n h K L P T T B t a suy r a cac cong thufc t i n h K L N T T B

Vdi cac cong thuTc:

C H ^ O , ; n , m o l C^.Hy.O,.; n^mol

Ta c6: - Nguyen tijf cacbon t r u n g binh: x =

Cho 4,48 l i t hon hop X (d dktc) gom 2 hidrocacbon mach h d l o i iii tii

qua binh chufa 1,4 l i t dung dich Br2 0,5M Sau k h i phan iJng hoan toan, so mol Br2 giam d i m o t niJfa va khoi li/ong binh tang t h e m 6,7

gam Cong thufc phan tuf cua 2 hidrocacbon la

^^Br,p«i,g = = 0>35 mol (giam mot nufa la k h o i li/Ong phan ufng)

Khoi lifOng binh Br2 tang 6,7 gam la so gam ciia hidrocabon khong no Dat CTTB ciia h a i hidrocacbon mach h d la C^H2s^2-2s so lien ket 7t trung binh)

Phuong t r i n h phan iJng: C-H,-^,_,- + aBr, > <^T^^2T,.i-2^h^

0,2 mol -> 0,35 m o l

0 ^5 6 7

^ _ ^ ^ ^ _^ i 4 n + 2 - 2 a = - ^ ^ i i = 2,5

0,2 0,2

Do h a i hidrocacbon mach h d phan ufng hoan toan v d i dung dich Br2

nen chiing deu la hidrocacbon khong no Vay h a i hidrocacbon do la

C2H2 va C4H8 Chon dap a n B

B a i 2: Hoa tan hoan toan 2,84 gam hon hop h a i muoi cacbonat cua hai

k i m loai phan nhom I I A va thuoc hai chu k y l i e n tiep trong bang tuan

Trang 18

hoan bang dung dich H C l ta t h u dirgrc dung dich X va 672 m l CO2 (a

dktc)

1 Hay xac d i n h ten cac k i m loai

A Be, M g B M g , Ca C Ca, Ba D Ca, Sr

2 Co can dung dich X t h i t h u duoc bao nhieu gam muoi khan?

A 2 gam B 2,54 gam C 3,17 gam D 2,95 gam

Hiidng dan gidi

1 Goi A la k i m loai dai dien cho 2 k i m loai can t i m

Cac phtfong t r i n h phan ilng la

ACO3 + 2HC1 > ACI2 + H2O + C02t

0,03mol <- 0,03mol

n^o = ^ ^ - 0 , 0 3 m o l ''''' 22,4

Vay K L P T T B cua cac muoi cacbonat la

B a i 3: H5n hop k h i SO2 va O2 c6 t i k h o i so vdi CH4 bang 3 Can them

bao nhieu l i t O2 vao 20 l i t hon hap k h i do de cho t i khoi so vdi CH4

giam di - , tufc bkng 2,5 Cdc h6n hop k h i d cung dieu k i e n nhi$t do

Goi V la so l i t O2 can them vao, ta c6:

Chon dap an B

B a i 4: Co V l i t k h i A gom H2 va hai olefin la dong dang lien tiep, trong

do H2 chiem 60% ve the tich D a n h6n hc*p A qua bot N i nung ,n6ng

I dugtc h8n hcfp k h i B Dot chay hoan toan k h i B di/dc 19,8 gam CO2 va 13,5 gam H2O Cong thiJc cua hai olefin la

A C2H4 va C3H6 B CaHe va C4H8

C C4H8 va C5H10 D C5H10 va CgHiz

HUofng dan gidi

D a t CTTB cua hai olefin la C^H^s

(j cung dieu kien nhiet do va ap suat t h i the tich ty le v d i so' moi k h i

H 6 n h o p k h i A c 6 : = M 2

n „ 0,6 3

Ap dung dinh luat bao toan kho'i luong va dinh luat bao toan nguyen

tuf Dot chay h5n hop k h i B cung chinh la dot chay hon hop k h i A

Ta c6: C H ^ R + — > i i CO2 + i i H2O (1)

2

2H2 + O2 > 2H2O (2)

Trang 19

Theo phuong t r i n h (1) ta c6: n^o^ = n„^o = 0>45 mol

=> H a i olefin dong d^ng lien tiep la C2H4 va CsHe Chon dap an B

B a i 5: Tach nUdc hoan toan til hon hop X gom 2 ancol A va B ta duoc

hon hop Y gom cac olefin Neu dot chay hoan toan X t h i thu dtfdc 1,76

gam C O 2 K h i dot chay hoan toan Y t h i tong khoi lucfng H 2 O vk CO,

tao ra la

HU&ng dan gidi Hon hop X gom hai ancol A va B tach n\l6c dtroc olefin (Y) -> hai

ancol la ruou no, don chiJc

Dat CTTB cua hai ancol A, B la C-II^j^^OH ta c6 cac phiicfng trinh

phan iJng sau:

- K h i dot chay X va dot chay Y cumg d i o so mol C O 2 n h u nhau

- Dot chay Y(olefin hay anken) t h i n^o^ = M^^Q

Vay dot chay Y cho tong

(mco^ + m„^o) = 0,04.(44 + 18) = 2,48 gam

Chon dao an B

•

B a i 6: Trong tu n h i e n , dong (Cu) t o n t a i dudi hai dang dong vi " C u va

*,Cu K L N T (xap xi khoi liiOng trung binh) cua Cu la 63,55 T i n h %

ve khoi luong cua m6i loai dong v i

A '^^Cu: 27,5% ; "^^Cu: 72,5% B ^^Cu: 70% ; ^^Cu: 30%

C '^^Cu: 72,5% ; '^^Cu: 27,5% D ^^Cu: 30% ; ^^Cu: 70%

HiCcfng dan gidi

Goi X la % cua dong v i ^^Cu ta c6 phucrng t r i n h :

M = 63,55 = 65.x + 63(1 - x) :^ x = 0,275

Vay: dong v i ^^Cu chiem 27,5% va dong v i ^^Cti chiem 72,5%

Chon dap an C

B a i 7: Dot chay hoan toan a gam h6n hop hai rUcfu no, ddn chuTc lien

tiep trong day dong d i n g thu di/oc 3,584 lit C O 2 d dktc va 3,96 gam

H 2 O T i n h a va xac dinh CTPT cua cac rirgu

A 3,32 gam; C H 3 O H va C 2 H 5 O H B 4,32 gam; C 2 H 5 O H va C 3 H 7 O H

C 2,32 gam; C 3 H 7 O H va C 4 H 9 O H D 3,32 gam; C 2 H 5 O H va C 3 H 7 O H

Hii&ng dan gidi

Goi i i la so nguyen tuf C trung binh va x la tong so mol cua hai rUOu

C„H2s., + — O 2 > nCO^ + {n + D H O

x mol > n X mol -> (n + 1) x mol

3,584 22,4

" C O , =S.x = ^ ^ ^ = 0,16mol (1)

i

'\i n„^o = (ii + l ) x = ^ = 0,22 mol (2) TCr (1) va (2) giai ra x = 0,06 va fi = 2,67

B a i 8: Cho 2,84 gam hon hcfp 2 rxiqu don chiJc la dong dang lien tiep

nhau tac dung vdi mot liXcfng Na vCra du tao ra 4,6 gam chat rSn va V

lit k h i H2 6 dktc T i n h V

A 0.896 l i t B 0.672 l i t C 0.448 l i t D 0,336 l i t

Trang 20

Hiictng dan giai Cdch 1:

Dat R la goc hidrocacbon trung binh va x la tong so mol cua 2 rirau

B a i 9: Co 100 gam dung dich 23% cua mot axit dan chufc (dung dich A)

Them 30 gam m o t axit dong dang lien tiep vao dung dich ta duac

dung dich B Trung hoa ^ d u n g dich B b^ng 500 m l dung dich NaOH

0 2 (viia du) ta duac dung dich C

1 H a y xac dinh CTPT cua cac axit

A H C O O H va C H 3 C O O H B. C H 3 C O O H va C 2 H 5 C O O H

C C 2 H 5 C O O H va C 3 H 7 C O O H D C 3 H 7 C O O H va C 4 H 9 C O O H

2 Co can dung dich C t h i thu dtrac bao nhieu gam muoi khan?

Hiidng dan giai

1 Theo phirang phap K L P T T B : nNaOH = 0,2 0,5 = O,lmol

HUdng dan giai

Goi M la nguyen tuf k ho i trung binh cua ba rifgu A, B, C

Ta c6: M = = 42,25

0,08 • Nhi/ vay phai c6 i t nhat m o t rixau c6 M < 42,25

Trang 21

Bien luan:

y 30,33 18,33 6,33 < 0

C h i CO n g h i e m k h i x = 3 B , C p h a i c6 m o t riiou c6 so nguyen ti)

H < 6,33 v a m o t riTOu c6 so nguyen tuf H > 6,33

B a i 1: D o t chay hoan toan 0 , 1 m o l h 6 n h o p h a i axit cacboxylic l a dong

dang k e tiep t h u di/Oc 3,36 l i t CO2 (dktc) v a 2,7 g a m H2O So m o l cua

A CaHgO; C 3 H 8 G ; C4H10O B CgH'sO; C3H6O2; C4H10O

C CsHgO; C3H8O2; C3H8O3 / P ; CsHgO; C S H G O ; CsHgOz.;

B a i 3 : C h o axit oxalic H Q O C - C O O H t a c dung v6i h o n h o p h a i ancol no,

• d o n chiJc, dong dan g l i e n tiep t h u difOc-5,28 g a m h 6 n h o p 3 este t r u n g

• Jtinhv J h u y j r h a n luign'g.est'e t r e h b a n g <JuTig ,dieh*,Na0H tbwrjji/^cj5,56

giftm i n u o i r H a i r a o u J ^ • ,

-A CH3OH v a C2H5OH • • • B C 2 H 5 O H v a C 3 H 7 O H '

C C 3 H 7 O H v a C 4 H 9 O H ' D C 4 H 9 O H v a C s H n O H :'

B a i 4: N i t r o b o a benzen dugc 14,1 g a m h 5 n h o p h a i c h a t riitro c6 k h o i

r Itrgng p h a n tuf h o n k e m nhau 4 5 d v C D o t c h a y hoan toan h o n hc(p

h a i c h a t nitro n a y dugc 0,07 m o l N2 H a i c h a t nitro do l a

r a n k h a n V a y c o n g thufc p h a n tuf cua este l a

A C2H4O2 B C3H6O2 C C4H8O2 D C.H10O2

•^ap a n

Trang 22

GlOl THiSU M O T S6 B O B E ON THITHPT

V A B E T H I C A O B X N G - B ^ I H Q C

A GI61 T H I E U MQT SO D E T H I T H C T TOT N G H I E P

DE THI THljr TOT NGHIf P THPT

M o n t h i : Hoa hoc - Ban ccf ban

Thai gian Idm bai 90 phut

B a i 1 : So dong phan amin c6 cong thufc phan tuf C2H7N la

Ạ 4 B 3 C 2 D 5

B a i 2: So electron Idp ngoai cung cua cac nguyen tuf k i m loai thuoc phan

nhom chinh nhom II la

Ạ 3 B 2 C 4 D 1

B a i 3: Cong thijfc chung cua oxit k i m loai thuoc phan nhom chinh nhom I la

Ạ R2O3 B RO2 C R2Ọ D RỌ

B a i 4: Ten goi cua polime c6 cong thufc (-CH2-CH2-)n la

Ạ poll vinyl cloruạ B poH etilen

C poll metyl metacrylat D polistiren

B a i 5: Chat phan ufng dudc vdi dung dich NaOH tao ket tua la

Ạ KNO3 B FeCls C BaCl2 D K2SO4

B a i 6: Qud t r i n h nhieu phan tijf nhd (monome) ket hdp vdi nhau thanh

phan tijf Idn (polime) dong thdi giai phong nhiifng phan tuf nUdc goi la

phan ufng

Ạ nhiet phan B trao doị C trung hop D trung ngifng

B a i 7: Chat tham gia phan ufng trung hop tao ra polime la

Ạ CH3-CH3 B CH3-CH2-CH3

C CH3-CH2-CỊ D CH2 = CH-CH3

B a i 8: Chat phan ufng duac vdi dung dich NaOH la

Ạ AI2O3 B MgỌ C K O H D CuỌ

B a i 9: De phan biet dung dich AICI3 va dung dich KCl ta dung dung dich

Ạ NaOH B H C l C H2SO4 D NaN03

B a i 10:Kim loai Fe phan iJng dvtac vdi dung dich

Ạ CUSO4 B Al2(S04)3 C MgS04 D ZnS04

B a i 11: Chat phan ufng dugc vdi Cu(0H)2 tao ra dung dich mau xanh

lam la

Ạ phenol B etyl axetat C ancol etylic D glixerol

Bai 12: Trong dieu kien thich hop, axit fomic (HCOOH) phan ufng dugc vdi

Ạ HCl B Cụ C C2H5OH D NaCl '

B a i 13: Cho cac k i m loai Na, M g , Fe, A l ; k i m loai c6 t i n h khuf manh

nhat 1^

Ạ A l B Nạ C Mg D Fẹ

B a i 14: Cho m gam k i m loai A l tac dung vdi mot liTofng dil dung dich

NaOH, thu dugc 3,36 l i t k h i H2 (d dktc) Gia t r i cua m la

Ạ 10,8 B 8,1 C 5,4 D 2,7

B a i 15: Trung hoa m gam axit CH3COOH bkng 100ml dung dich NaOH

l M , G i a t r i cua m la

Ạ 9,0 B 3,0 C 12,0 D 6,0

C a u 16: K i m loai A l khong phan ufng vdi dung dich

Ạ H2SO4 dac, nguoị B Cu(N03)2

C H C l D NaOH

Bai 17: Cho 4,6 gam ancol etylic phan ufng vdi liicfng d\i k i m loai Na, thu diicfc

V lit khl H2 (d dktc) Gia t r i cua V la

Ạ 3,36 B 4,48 C 2,24 D 1,12

B a i 18: Phuong phap thich hgfp dieu che k i m loai Ca tuf CaCl2 la

Ạ nhiet phan CaCl2

B dung Na khuf Cấ trong dung dich CaClz

C dien phan dung dich CaCl2

D dien phan CaCl2 ndng chaỵ

fiai 19: Chat phan dng diTcfc vdi dung dich CaCl2 tao ket tua 1^

Ạ Mg(N03)2 B NazCOg C NaNOg D H C l

B a i 20: Chat cd t i n h oxi hoa nhiftig khong cd t i n h khuf la

Ạ Fẹ B Fe203 C FeClg D FeỌ

Trang 23

B a i 21: A x i t aminoaxetic (NH2CH2COOH) tac dung ducfc vdi dung dich

A NaNOa B NaCl C NaOH D Na2S04

B a i 22: Trung hoa V m l dung dich N a O H I M bkng 100ml dung dich H C l

I M Gia t r i cua V la

A 400 B 200 C 100 D 300

B a i 23: Chat phan ufng diJcfc vdfi dung dich AgNOs trong NH3, dun nong

tao ra k i m loai Ag la

A glucozO B saccarozcf C xenlulozcf D t i n h hot

B a i 24: Chat phan ufng di/cfc vdi axit H C l la

A HCOOH B C6H5NH2 (anilin)

C CgHsOH D C H 3 C O O H

B a i 25: H a i k i m loai deu phan iJng vdi dung dich Cu(N03)2 giai phong

k i m loai Cu la

A A l va Fe B Fe va Au C A l va Ag D Fe va Ag

B a i 26: Cong thiJc chung cua day dong dang ancol no, dcfn chuTc, mach

ho la

A C„H2„-iOH (n > 3) B C„H2„.iOH (n > 1)

C C„H2n.iCH0 (n > 0) D C„H2„,iC00H (n > 0)

B a i 27: Cho phan ufng a A l + bHNOa ^ cAl(N03)3 + dNO + eHzO

He so a, b, c, d, e la cac so nguyen, t o i gian Tong (a + b) bSng

A 5 B 4 C 7 D 6

B a i 28: Andehit axetic c6 cong thufc la

A C H 3 C O O H B H C H O C C H 3 C H O D HCOOH

B a i 29: A x i t axetic khdng phan ufng vdi

A CaCOs B Na2S04 C N a O H D Na2C03

B a i 30: Nung 21,4 gam Fe(0H)3 a nhiet cao den khoi lugng khong doi, thu

diioc m gam mot oxit Gia tri cua m la

A 16 B 14 C 8 D 12

B a i 31: Cau h i n h electron cua nguyen tijf Na (Z = 11)

A ls'2s'2p''3sl B ls'2s'2p^ '

C Is'2s22p«3s\ Is'2s22p'3s'3p\

Ia i 32: Cho 4,4 gam mot andehit no, don chiJc, mach hd X phan ufng

hoan toan vdi mot luofng dii AgN03 trong dung dich NH3, dun nong

thu dtroc 21,6 gam k i m loai Ag Cong thufc cua X la

A C H 3 C H O B C3H7CHO C HCHO D C2H5CHO

B a i 33: Chat phan ufng dirac vdri AgN03 trong dung dich NH3, dun nong

tao ra k i m loai Ag la

A CH3NH2 B C H 3 C H 2 O H C C H 3 C H O D C H 3 C O O H

B a i 34: De phan biet dung dich phenol (CeHsOH) va ancol etylic

(C2H5OH), ta dung thuoc thuf la

A k i m loai Na B quy t i m C n\idc brom D dd NaCl

B a i 35: Oxi hoa C H 3 C H 2 O H b^ng CuO dun nong, t h u difoc andehit c6

B a i 37: Dun nong este CH3COOC2H5 vdi mot lifong vCra du dung dich

NaOH, san pham thu di/oc la

A CH3C00Na va C H 3 O H B CH3C00Na va C2H5OH

C HCOONa va C2H5OH D C2H5COONa va C H 3 O H

B a i 38: K i m loai khdng phan iJng vdi nUdc d n h i e t do thi/dng la

A Ba B Na C Fe D K

B a i 39: K i m loai tac dung dtfOc vdi axit H C l la

A Cu B Au C Ag D Zn

B a i 40: N h o m oxit (AI2O3) khong phan ufng duTOc vdi dung dich

A N a O H B HNO3 C H2SO4 D NaCl

Trang 24

DE THI THIJf TOT NGHIfP THPT

M o n t h i : Hoa hoc - Ban cor ban

B a i 3: AI2O3 phan ufng dJcfc vdfi ca hai dung dich:

A N a O H , H C l B Na2S04, K O H C K C l , NaNOg D NaCl, H2SO4

B a i 4: Cho sa do chuyen hoa: Fe FeClg Fe(0H)3 H a i chat X,

Y Ian lucjt la

A CI2, N a O H B NaCl, Cu(0H)2 C H C l , A1(0H)3 D H C l , NaOH

B a i 5: Dun nong ancol etylic v d i H2SO4 dSc d 170°C, t h u duac san pham

chinh (chat hufu cor) la

A C2H6 B (CH3)20 C C2H4 D (C2H5)20

B a i 6: Dong phan cua glucozcf la

A saccaroza B xenloluza C fructozd D mantoza

B a i 7: Chat phan ling duac vdi cac dung dich: N a O H , H C l la

A C2H5OH B CH3COOH C H2N-CH2-COOH D C2H6

B a i 8: Cho day cac chat: CH3OH, CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3, CH3CHO,

CeHsOH So chat trong day tac dung dirac vdi Na sinh ra H2 la

A 5 B 2 C.3 D 4

B a i 9: San pham tao t h a n h c6 chat ket tua k h i dung dich Fe2(S04)3 tac

dung v d i dung dich

A NaOH B Na2S04 C NaCl D CUSO4

B a i 10: Trong cong nghiep, k i m loai dilgtc dieu che bkng phiiong phap

dien phan hap chat nong chay cua k i m loai do

A Fe B Ag C Na D Cu

B a i 11: San pham tao t h a n h c6 chat ket tua k h i dung dich Na2C03 tac

dung vdi dung dich

A CaClz B K C l C K O H D NaNOg

fa i 12: A x i t acrylic c6 cong thufc la

A C3H7COOH B CH3COOH C C2H3COOH D C2H5COOH

a i 13: Dot chay hoan toan 0,2 mol metylamin (CH3NH2), sinh ra V l i t

k h i N2 (of dktc) Gia t r i cua V 1^

A 1,12 B 4,48 C 3,36 D 2,24

B a i 14: Phildng phap thich hap dieu che k i m loai M g tCr MgCl2 la

A nhiet phan MgCl2

B dien phan dung dich MgCl2

C dung K khuf Mg^"^ trong dung dich MgC^

D dien phan MgCl2 nong chay

B a i 15: Cho day cac k i m loai: Fe, Na, K, Ca So k i m loai trong day tac

dung diiac vdi niidc d n h i e t do thi/dng la

A 4 B 1 C 3 D 2

C a u 16: Ket tua tao t h a n h k h i nhd niidc brom vao

A anilin B ancol etylic C axit ax'5tic D benzen

B a i 17: Cho day cac k i m loai: Na, Cu, Fe, Ag, Zn So k i m loai trong day phan ijfng diTOc vdi dung dich H C l la

B a i 21: Cong thiJc chung cua axit cacboxylic no, dofn chuTc, mach hd la

A C„H2„.iOH B C„H2„.iC00H C CnH2„.iCH0 D CnHzn-iCOOH

B a i 22: So dong phan cau tao uTng vdi cong thiJc phan tuf C2H6O la '^^ A 5 B 4 C 2 D 3

B a i 23: Dung dich l a m quy t i m chuyen sang mau xanh la

A NaNOa B NaCl C Na2S04 D N a O H

Trang 25

B a i 24: Cho 3,2 gam ancol metylic phan ufng hoan toan v6i Na (du), thu duac V

lit k h i H2 (cf dktc) Gia t r i cua V la

A 2,24 B 3,36 C 4,48 D- 1,12

B a i 25: Chat t h a m gia phan ufng t r a n g g U O n g la

A t i n h hot B axit axetic C xenlulozo D mantozo

B a i 26: De phan iJng hoan toan vdi 100ml dung dich CUSO4 I M , can vCra

du m gam Fe Gia t r i cua m la

A 11,2 B 2,8 C 5,6 D 8,4

B a i 27: Hoa tan 6,4 gam Cu bang axit H2SO4 d^c, nong (dif), sinh ra V

l i t k h i SO2 (san pham khut duy nhat 6 dktc) Gia t r i ciia V la

A 2,24 B 3,36 C 6,72 D 4,48

B a i 28: Hop chat sSt (H) sunfat c6 cong thuTc la

A Fe2(S04)3 B F e S 0 4 C F e ( 0 H ) 3 D

FezOs-B a i 29: Cho day cac chat: FeClz, CUSO4, BaCla, KNO3 So chat trong day

phan uTng dtfgfc v6i dung dich NaOH la

A 3 B 2 C 1 D 4

B a i 30: Trong dung dich CUSO4, ion Cu^^ k h o n g bi khut bofi k i m loai

B a i 31: Cho phi/ong t r i n h hoa hoc: a A l + b Fe304 -> c F e + dAl203 (a, b,

c, d la cac so nguyen, t o i gian) Tdng cac he so a, b, c, d la

A CH3COOH B CH3CHO C CH3COOCH3 D CH3OH

B a i 36: Cho so do phan uTng: C2H5OH X ^ CH3COOH (moi m u i t e n

L f n g vdi mot phan iJng) Chat X la

A H C H O B C2H5CHO C CH4 D CH3CHO

B a i 37: Phenol (CeHgOH) tac dung duoc vdi

A NaCl B CH4 C NaOH D NaNOg

B a i 38: Chat X c6 cong thijfc phan ttf C3H6O2 la este cua axit axetic (CH3COOH) Cong thuTc cau tao cua X la

A C2H5COOH B CH3COOCH3 C HCOOC2H5 D HOC2H4CHO

B a i 39: Ancol metylic c6 cong thufc la

A C2H5OH B C3H7OH C C H 3 O H D C4H9OH

B a i 40: Thuoc thijf de phan biet axit axetic va ancol etyilc la

A phenolphtalein B quy t i m

C nude brom D AgN03 trong dung dich NH3

DE THI THUr TOT NGHIf P THPT

M o n t h i : Hoa hoc - Ban co ban

O e 3

B a i 1: Chat t h a m gia phan uTng t r u n g hop tao ra polime la

A CH3-CH3 B CH3-CH2-CH3

C CH3-CH2-CI D CH2 = CH-CH3

Bai 2: Cho 4,6 gam ancol etylic phan iJng vdi lufcrng diT k i m loai Na, thu

dugc V l i t k h i H2 (d dktc) Gia t r i cua V la

A 3,36 B 4,48 C 2,24 D 1,12

B a i 3: Dun nong este HCOOCH3 vdi mot li/cfng viia du dung dich N a O H ,

san pham thu diidc la

A CHsCOONa va C2H5OH B HCOONa va CPI3OH

C HCOONa va C2H5OH D CHaCOONa va CH3OH

B a i 4: So electron Idp ngoai cung cua cac nguyen tuf k i m loai thuoc phan nhom chinh nhdm I I la

A 3 B 2 C 4 D 1

^ a i 5: Hai dung dich deu phan ufng dtroc vdi k i m loai Fe la

A CUSO4 va ZnCl2 B CUSO4 va H C l

C ZnCl2 va FeCh, D H C l va AICI3

Trang 26

B a i 6: Chat c6 t i n h oxi hoa nhufng khong c6 t i n h khuf la

A Fe B FeaOa C FeClg D FeO

B a i 7: Cho m gam kirn loai A l tac dung vdi mot ladng dif dung dich

N a O H , thu duoc 3,36 l i t k h i Ha id dktc) Gia t r i cua m la

A 10,8 B 8,1 C 5,4 D 2,7

B a i 8: Trong dieu kien thich hop, axit fomic (HCOOH) phan uTng duac vdri

A H C l B Cu C C2H5OH D NaCl

B a i 9: Trung hoa m gam axit CH3COOH b^ng 100ml dung dich NaOH

I M Gia t r i cua m la

A 9,0 B 3,0 C 12,0 D 6,0

B a i 10: K i m loai A l khong phan iJng vdi dung dich

A H2SO4 dac, nguoi B Cu(N03)2

C H C l D N a O H

B a i 11: Cho cac k i m loai Na, M g , Fe, A l ; k i m loai c6 t i n h khijf manh

nhat la

A A l B Na C M g D Fe

B a i 12: Ten goi cua poHme c6 cong thiJc (-CH2-CH2-) la

A poll v i n y l clorua B poll etilen

C poll metyl metacrylat D polistiren

B a i 13: Nung 21,4 gam Fe(0H)3 d n h i e t cao den k h o i lUdng khong doi,

thu dirge m gam mot oxit Gia t r i cua m la

A 16 B 14 C 8 D 12

B a i 14: Chat phan ufng dirge vdi dung dich N a O H la

A AI2O3 B MgO C K O H D CuO

B a i 15: So dong phan a m i n c6 cong thufc phan tijf C2H7N la

A 4 B 3 C 2 D 5

C a u 16: De phan biet dung dich phenol (CgHsOH) va ancol etylic

(C2H5OH), ta dung thuoc thuf la

A k i m loai Na B quy t i m C nirdc brom D dd NaCl

B a i 17: H a i chat deu phan iJng vdi dung dich N a O H la

B a i 19: Chat thuoc loai disaccarit la

A glucozo B saccarozcf C xenlulozd D fructozcf

B a i 20: De l a m mem nirdc curng v i n h cufu, ta dung dung dich

A Ca(N03)2 B NaCl C H C l D Na2C03

B a i 21: Oxi hoa CH3CH2OH bSng CuO dun nong, t h u dirge andehit c6

B a i 23: Chat phan iJng dirge vdi dung dich N a O H tao k e t tua la

A KNO3 B FeClg C BaCl2 D K2SO4

B a i 24: Phaong phap t h i c h hgp dieu che k i m loai Ca tCr CaCl2 la

A n h i e t phan CaCl2

B dung Na khilf Ca^"^ trong dung dich CaCl2

C dien phan dung dich CaCl2

D dien phan CaCl2 nong chay

B a i 25: Chat phan ufng dirge vdi dung dich H2SO4 tao ra ket tua la

A N a O H B Na2C03 C BaClz D NaCl

B a i 26: Este etylfomiat CO cong thiJe la

A CH3COOCH3 B HCOOC2H5

C HCOOCH = CH2 D HCOOCH3

B a i 27: A x i t axetie CH3COOH khong phan lifng v d i

A Na2S04 B N a O H C Na2C03 D CaO

B a i 28: De phan bi§t dung dich AICI3 va dung dich K C l ta dung dung

dich

A NaOH B H C l C H2SO4 D

Trang 27

NaNOs-B a i 29: Chat phan uTng dUdc v d i AgNOs trong dung dich NH3, dun nong

tao ra k i m loai A g la '

Ạ C H 3 N H 2 B C H 3 C H 2 O H C C H 3 C H O D C H 3 C O O H

B a i 30: Cho 4,4 gam mot andehit no, don chiJc, mach hd X phan ufng

hoan toan v d i mot Itrcmg dir AgNOs trong dung dich N H 3 , dun nong

thu dugfc 21,6 gam k i m loai Ag Cong thiJc cua X la

Ạ C H 3 C H O B C 3 H 7 C H O C H C H O D C 2 H 5 C H O

B a i 31: H a i k i m loai deu phan dng v d i dung dich Cu(N03)2 giai phong

k i m loai Cu la

Ạ A l va Fẹ B Fe va A u C A l va Ag D Fe va Ag

B a i 32: Qua t r i n h nhieu phan tuT nho (monome) ket hop v d i nhau thanh

phan t i l Idn (polime) dong t h d i giai phong nhufng phan tOf nifdc goi la

phan ufng

Ạ nhiet phan B trao doị C t r u n g hop D truing ngiing

B a i 33: Cap chat khong xay ra phan ufng la

Ạ Fe + Cu(N03)2 B Cu + AgNOg

C Zn + Fe(N03)2 D- A g + Cu(N03)2

B a i 34: Chat phan ufng ducfc v d i Cu(0H)2 tao ra dung dich mau xanh

lam la

Ạ phenol B etyl axetat C ancol etylic D glixerol

B a i 35: A x i t aminoaxetic ( N H 2 C H 2 C O O H ) tac dung difcifc v d i dung dich

Ạ NaNOọ B NaCl C N a O H D Na2S04

B a i 36: Cau h i n h electron cua nguyen tuf Na (Z = 11)

•Ạ ls'2s'V3s' • B ls22s'2p^

C l s W 2 p ' 3 s \ ' b lsW2p^3s'3p\

B a i 37: Cho phan ufng a A l + bHNOa c A1(N03)3 + dNO + e H 2 0

He so a, b, c, d, e la cac so nguyen, t o i gian Tong (a+b) bSng

Ạ 5 B 4 C 7 D 6

B a i 38: Chat phan ufng Axiqc v d i CaCOs la

Ạ C H 3 C H 2 O H B CeHsOH

C C H 2 = C H - C O O H D CeHgNHz (anilin)

B a i 39: K i m loai khong phan ufng v d i nifdc d nhiet do thadng la

Ạ Fẹ B Nạ C Bạ D K

B a i 40: H a i k i m loai A l va Cu deu phan ufng dadc vdi dung dich

Ạ NaCl loang B. H 2 S O 4 loang C. H N O 3 loang D N a O H loang

DE THI THljr TOT NGHlfP THPT Mon t h i : Hoa hoc - Ban cO ban

O e 4

B a i 1 : Cho cac phat bieu

Mk^^ (a) Nguyen tic san xuat gang la l a m giam ham liicfng cac tap chat C,

• Si, M n , S CO trong quSng sat bang each oxi hoa chiing roi loai bọ (b) Nguyen tac san xuat thep la thiTc hien qua t r i n h khuf quang sat oxit bang CO d nhiet dp caọ

(c) H a m lifpng %C c6 trong thep la 0 , 0 1 - 2%

t Phat bieu d i i n g lả

Ạ (c) B (a), (b), (c) C (b), (c) D (a), (b)

B a i 2: Cho 0,01 mol aminoaxit (A) tac dung du vdi 80 m l dung dich H C l 0,125 M Co can t h i thu di/pc 1,835 gam muoị Khoi Itfong phan tuf cua (A) lả

Ạ 120 B 150 C 147 D 97

B a i 3: Lay thanh k i m loai R hoa t r i I I nhiing vao 250 m l đ C U S O 4 1,4

M Sau k h i phan dng hoan toan nhan tháy khd'i krgng thanh k i m loai

R giam 0,35 gam Xac d i n h k i m loai R

Ạ Zn (65) B Fe (56) C M g (24) D Cr (52)

B a i 4: Cho 4,32 gam A l t h i khuf het bao nhieu gam oxit sat tir Biet san pham cuoi cung la Fe

' A 41,76-gam ' JB.;.l%92.gậ_* ; G 20,8g gam- D 83,52 gam.*.'

•Bai 5: L a y 7 , 0 4 g'am est.e e4H80.2'x8ipiiDilg-hoa trong m o i triidrig N a O H

du t h i thu diipc 6,56 gam muoị Cong thufc cau tao cua este lả

Ạ C 2 H 5 C O O C H 3 • B H C O O C H 2 - C H , - C H 3 C; H C O O C H ( C H 3 ) 2 D C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5

B a i 6: T i n h dan dien theo chieu tang dan lả

Ạ Cu < Ag < Fe B Fe < Cu < A g

C Fe < Ag < Cu D A g < Cu < Fe

B a i 7: N h o m k i m loai nao c6 the dieu che bang phifang phap nhiet luyen?

Ạ M g , Cu, Fe B Fe, C i , Cu C Ag, K, Fe D Al, Na, Cu

B a i 8: Cac phat bieu dung ve peptit va protein lả

(1) L i e n ket peptit la l i e n ket C O N H

Trang 28

-(2) So lien k e t peptit trong p h a n ttf peptit c6 n goc amino axit l a ( n - 1 )

B a i 9: Cho cac c h a t : Fe(N03)3, F e , A g N 0 3 , Cu So cSp c h a t tac d u n g vdi

n h a u CO x a y r a phifcfng t r i n h p h a n uTng la?

B a i 11: Cho este c6 c o n g thufc p h a n tuf l a C4H8O2 di/oc tao r a boti ancol

m e t y l i c T e n cua este la?

A e t y l a x e t a t B i s o p r o p y l f o m a t

C m e t y l p r o p i o n a t D p r o p y l f o m a t

B a i 12: Cho cong thufc a m i n o a x i t la C3H7NO2 So d o n g p h a n a m i n o a x i t la?

A 2 B 4 C 3 D 5

B a i 13: De p h a n b i e t dMc cac d d m a t n h a n : a b u m i n , glucozcf, ancol

e t y l i c , g l i x e r o l c h i can d u n g 1 t h u o c thuf nao?

A d d HNO3 B C u ( 0 H ) 2 / 0 H

-C Q u y t i m D A g N O s / N H g

B a i 14: Cho puf: Z n + Cu ^ Zn^* + Cu P h a t bieu nao s a i ve p h a n utng?

A Z n o x i hoa duac Cu^^ B T i n h o x i hoa Zn^^ < C u ^*

C T i n h khuf Z n > C u D Cu^^ o x i hoa dugc Z n

B a i 15: Cho cac p o h m e : (a) n i l o n - 6 , 6 ; (b) P V C ; (c) cao su b u n a ; (d)

p o l i p e p t i t ; (e) t h i i y t i n h hQu co C h a t nao difoc d i e u che b S n g phuong

A (a) < (b) < (f) < (d) < (c) < (e) B (c) < (f) < (b) < (a) < (d) < (e)

C (a) < (c) < (d) < (e) < (b) < (f) D (a) < (c) < (e) < (d) < (b) < (f)

B a i 18: P h a n tuf p o l i m e bao g o m sU iSp d i l 5 p l a i cua r a t n h i e u cac

A n a t r i s t e a r a t v a g l i x e r o l B n a t r i s t e a r a t v a e t i l e n g l i c o l

C n a t r i o l e a t v a g l i x e r o l D k a l i s t e a r a t v a g l i x e r o l

B a i 21: Cho h o n h o p F e , A g , C u C h o n t h u o c thuf de t a c h A g n g u y e n

l u o n g r a k h o i h o n h o p la?

A d d CUSO4 B d d H C l C d d AgNOa D d d FeCh

B a i 22: Cho d u n g d i c h g o m cac m u o i : F e C l 2 , MgCl2, AICI3 tdc d u n g h o a n

Trang 29

B a i 25: Cho 7,168 l i t CO2 dkc vao 140 m l đ Că0H)2 2 M T m h khoi

lugfng ket tuả

Ạ 24 gam B 32 gam C 4 gam D 28 gam

B a i 26: N h o m chat nao deu c6 t i n h lifSng tinh?

Ạ C6H5-NH2, A1(0H)3, C r ( 0 H ) 3

B H2N-CH(CH3)-COOH, Fe(0H)3, CăHC03)2

C H 2 N - C H 2 - C O O H , CraOs, NaHCOa

D H 2 N - ( C H 2 ) 6 - N H 2 , Zn(0H)2, AI2O3

B a i 27: Cho 16,74 gam a n i h n tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich Br2 tinh

m ket tiia thu duoc?

Ạ 19,8 gam B 118,8 gam C 29,7 gam D 59,4 gam

B a i 28: Can 120 m l đ K O H 0,2 M de trung hoa 224 gam chat beọ Tinh

chi so axit cua chat beỏ

Ạ 6 B 5 C 8 D 7

B a i 29: Xac dinh k h o i iMng phan t u gan dung cua protein X c6 0,16 %

lUu huynh, biet r a n g cac 1 phan tuf protein chi chufa 1 nguyen tuf liJu

huynh

Ạ 50 dvC B 2000 dvC C 20000 dvC D 50000 dvC

B a i 30: H a n che cua xa phong lả

Ạ nguyen lieu san xuat kho k i e m

B. gay h a i cho da

C ton xa phong k h i dung p h a i vdi nifdc ciJng

D l a m h a i moi trufdng do kho phan huỵ

B a i 31: Cho 25 gam hon hop bpt gom 5 oxit k i m loai ZnO, F e O , FesOi,

MgO, Fe203 tac dung viia du vdi 200 m l dung dich H C l 2 M K e t thuc

phan ufng, k h o i lUOng muoi c6 trong dung dich X la

Ạ 36g B 38 C 39,6 g D 39,2g

B a i 32: L e n men m gam glucozO vdi hieu suat 80% t h u difoc san pham

la CO2 va ancol etylic Lay lUcfng CO2 t r e n qua dung dich ntfdc voi

trong da t h i t h u difdc 18 gam ket tuạ T i n h m?

Ạ 12,96 gam B 20,25 gam C 6,2 gam D 32,4 gam

p a i 33: Phuong phap san xuat xa phong lả

Ạ Dun chat beo v d i dung dich k i e m N a O H trong cdc t h u n g k i n d

nhiet do cao

B Lay san pham chiing cat tCf dau mo cho tac dung vdi Na2C03

C Lay m9 dong v a t tac dung vdi dung dich hon hcfp gom N a O H , K O H

D Lay axit beo tac dung vdi dung dich k i e m N a O H , dun soi d t° caọ

B a i 34: De dieu che l,08g A g can dien phan dung dich AgN03 trong

thdi gian bao lau v d i ciTdng do I = 5,36A

Ạ 60 phut B 30 phut C 3 phut D 20 phut

B a i 35: Cap chat k h o n g xay ra phan ufng hoa hoc la

Ạ Fe + dung dich H C l B Fe + dung dich FeCl3

C Cu + dung dich FeCl2 D Cu + dung dich FeClg

B a i 36: Viec l a m nao sau day phan khoa hoc

Ạ Bao quan Na trong dau hoa

B Ngam Fe trong FeCl2

C De bao ve khung ctfa bang thep can son 1 Idp de each l i vdi moi tnfdng

D Dong CO xe may dang nong t a t ntrdc l a n h vao de nhanh nguoi may

B a i 37: Tradng hop k h o n g xay ra phan ufng vdi NaHCOs k h i :

Ạ tac dung v d i CO2 B dun nong

C tac dung vdi N a O H D tac dung vdi CH3COOH

Bai 38: Cho 4 chat rSn: BaS04, Na2S04, NaaCOg, CaCOg Chon nhom thuoc thuf de nhan biet chung?

Ạ H2O, CO2 B H2O, H C l

C CaCl2, NasCOa D H C l , CO2

B a i 39: Cho 1,75 gam hon hop k i m loai Fe, A l , Zn tan hoan toan t r o n g dung dich H C l , thu diroc 1,12 Ht k h i H2 (dktc) Co can dung dich k h o i liiong muoi khan thu duoc la:

Ạ 5,5 gam B 5,2 gam C 5 gam D 5,3 gam

B a i 40: Nguyen tijf Fe c6 Z = 26, cau h i n h e cua Fế la

Ạ [ A r ] 3 d M s l B [ A r ] 3 d '

C [Ar ] 3 d l D [Ar ] 4s^3d^

Trang 30

DE THI T H I j r TOT NGHl|P THPT

Mon thi: Hoa hoc

Oe5

B a i 1: Este C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 phan ufng vdi dung dich NaOH (dun n6ng)

sinh ra cac san pham hOfu ccf la

A CzHsCOONa va C H 3 O H B CzHsONa va CH3COOH

C CH3C00Na va C2H5OH. D. C 2 H 5 C O O H va CH30Na

B a i 2: De chuyen chat beo long thanh chat beo r^n, ngubi ta thUotng cho

chat beo long tac dung vdi }'

A H2O B NaOH C CO2 D H2

B a i 3: Vinyl axetat diigtc dieu che bSng phan ling cua

A axit axetic vdi ancol vinylic B axit axetic vdi axetilen

C axit axetic vdi vinyl clorua D axit axetic vdi etilen

B a i 4: Len men chat X sinh ra san pham gom ancol etylic va khi

cacbonic Chat X la

A glucozo B xenlulozo C tinh hot D saccaroza

B a i 5: Cho day cac chat: glucozcf, xenlulozcf, saccaroza, mantozcf,

fructozd So chat trong day tham gia phan uTng trang bac la

B a i 7: So amino axit dong phan cau tao ciia nhau i l n g vdi cong thufc

phan tuf C4H9NO2 la

A 3 B 4 C 2 D 5

B a i 8: Polime daac dung de che tao thuy tinh hffu ca (plexiglas) la

A poll (metyl acrylat) B poli(metyl metacrylat)

C poll (phenol - fomandehit) D poli (metyl axetat)

B a i 9: Day gom cac chat deu phan ufng dtfgfc vdi dung dich NaOH la

A C 2 H 5 C I , C2H5COOCH3, C H 3 C O O H

B C2H5OH, C 2 H 5 C O O C H 3 , C H 3 C O O H

C CaHsCl, C 2 H 5 C O O C H 3 , C H 3 O H

D C2H5CI, C2H5COOCH3, CeHs- CH2OH

f a i 10: Day gom cac chat tham gia phan ufng trang bac la

A andehit axetic, saccaroza, mantoza

B axit axetic, glucoza, mantoza

C andehit axetic, glucoza, mantoza

D andehit axetic, glucoza, mantoza

Bai 11: Hoa tan hoan toan 0,1 mol h6n hap gom Na2C03 va KHCO3 vao dung dich HCl D i n khi thoat ra vao binh dUng dd Ca(0H)2 dtf t h i khoi li/ang ket tua thu difac la:

A 6,17 gam B 8,2 gam C 10 gam D 11 gam

Bai 12: Khi xa phong hoa triolein bSng dung dich NaOH thu duac san pham la

A natri oleat va glixerol B natri oleat va etilen glicol

C natri stearat va glixerol D natri stearat va etilen glicol

Bai 13: Cho 200 ml dung dich AICI3 1,5M tac dung vdi V lit dung dich NaOH 0,5M lirang ket tua thu di/ac la 15,6 gam Gia tri Idn nhat cua V la

A 1,2 B 1,8 C 2,4 D 2

Bai 14: Cho day cac ion kim loai sau: Cu^*, Al^^ Fe^"^ va Ag^ Trat t\i sip xep cac ion theo thuT t\l tinh oxi hoa giam dan (theo chieu tii trai sang

phai) la

A Ag\^ Al'\ Ag^ A['\

C Ag\^ Cu'\ Cu^\^ Fe'^ Ag\

Bai 15: TCf glyxin va alanin c6 the tao ra may chat dipeptit?

A l B.2 C.3 D.4 Cau 16: Cau hinh electron cua cation co phan Idp ngo^i cung la 2p^ Nguyen tijf R la

A Na B K C L i D Mg

Bai 17: Cho s^t Ian lirat vao cac dung dich: FeClg, A I C I 3 , CuCl2,

Pb(N03)2, HCl, H2SO4 dac nong (du) So tri/dng hap phan iJng sinh ra

muoi sat (H) la

A 5 B 4 C 3 D 6

Bai 18: Nguyen t^c chung de dieu che kim loai 1^

A khuf ion kim loai th^nh nguyen tuf

B oxi hoa ion kim loai thanh kim loai

C cho ion kim loai tAc dung vdi axit

D cho ion kim loai tac dung vdi baza

Trang 31

B a i 2 1 : C h o d a y cac c h a t : N a , NazO, N a O H , N a H C O a So c h a t t r o n g day

tac d u n g dugc vdi d u n g d i c h H C l s i n h r a c h a t k h i l a

A N a H C O s , A 1 ( 0 H ) 3 , AI2O3 B AICI3, A1(0H)3, AI2O3

C A l , A1(0H)3, AI2O3 D AICI3, A1(0H)3, Al2(S04)3

B a i 2 5 : C h o 4,6 g a m k i m l o a i k i e m M t a c d u n g v d i \\igng niXdc (d\i) s i n h

B a i 3 2 : K i m l o a i X cd t h e khuf duuc Fe^^ t r o n g d u n g d i c h FeCl3 t h a n h

Fe^* n h u n g k h o n g khijf duuc H"^ t r o n g d u n g d i c h H C l t h a n h H2 K i m

Trang 32

B a i 38: K h i dun ancol X (cong thuTc phan tuf C2H6O) vdi axit Y(c6ng thiJc

phan tuf C2H4O2) CO axit H2SO4 dSc lam chat xuc tac thu diTdc este c6

cong thurc phan tuf

A C4H10O2 B C4H8O2 C C4H10O3 D C4H8O3

B a i 39: K h i dun hdp chat X vdi dung dich NaOH thu dtfcfc hon hop 2 chat

hOu ca Y (C2H4NNa02) va Z (CzHeO) Cong thufc phan tuf cua X la

A C4H7NO2 B C4H10NO2 C C4H9NO2 D C4H7NNa02

B a i 40: Neu cho dung dich Na2C03, vac dung dich FeCh t h i xuat hien

A ket tua mau nau do

B CO k h i thoat ra, sau do chuyen dan sang mau nau do

C ket tua mau trSng hcfi xanh

D ket tua mau xanh lam

B Gldl THIEU MQT S O D E THI THLT DAI H(?C VA CAO DANG

DE THI THUf DAI HQC VA CAO DANG

M o n t h i : Hoa hoc

M a d e 111 , , o n 7 '/

Thai gian lam bai 90 phut

I PHAN CHUNG CHO C A C TAT CA C A C THi SINH (40 cSu, tCr c&u 1 dhn

cdu 40)

B a i 1: Tdng so n , p, e trong nguyen tuf nguyen to X bang 10 So khoi cua

nguyen tuf nguyen to X bkng

A 3 B 4 C 6 D 7

B a i 2: Ion nao dildi day c6 cau h i n h electron cua k h i hiem Ne?

A 1;2;3 B 3;4;5 C 1;3;4;5 D 1;2;3;4

B a i 3: Cho so do: X + H2SO4 (du) -> FeS04 + SO2 + H2O Chat X c6 the la:

A FeS B Fe C FeO D FeSOs

B a i 4: Este hoa 0,3mol CH3COOH va 0,3mol C2H5OH, k h i phan ufng dat

can bang, difoc 17,6gam este H^ng so can bang cua phan ufng la:

A 6 B 4 C 8 D 10

B a i 5: Tron m gam dung dich H C l 20% vdi 4m gam dung dich H C l 30%

se duoc dung dich c6 nong do

A 25% B 28% C 24% D 22%

B a i 6: Cac dung dich CH3NH2 (1), K O H (2), K C l (3), Ba(OH)2 (4) c6 cung

nong do mol, p H dung dich c6 thiJ tvt la

A (4) = (2) < (1) < (3) B (4) < (2) < (1) < (3)

C (3) < (1) < (2) < (4) D (3) < (1) < (2) = (4)

B a i 7: Trong phong t h i nghiem, k h o n g dieu che oxi bSng each

A Phan huy niidc oxi gia diTdi xuc tac Mn02

B Nhiet phan muoi AgNOa

C Nhiet phan KMn04hoac KCIO3

D Chimg cat phan doan khong k h i long

B a i 8: Thiic hien phan ufng giufa N2 va H2 (ti le mol 1:4), trong binh k i n

CO xuc tac, thu di/oc h6n hap c6 dp suat giam 20% so vdi ban dau trong cung dieu kien Hieu suat phan ufng la:

A 50% B 25% C 75% D 60%

B a i 9: Dien phan dung dich CUSO4 vdi hai dien ciXc hkng dong Hien

taong nao sau day mo ta diing ket qua t h i nghiem

A Dong tCr anot di chuyen ve catot; mau xanh dung dich khong ddi

B Dong tii catot di chuyen ve anot; mau xanh dung dich khong ddi

C Dong tCr anot di chuyen ve catot; mau xanh dung dich nhat dan

D Dong tii anot di chuyen ve catot; mau xanh dung dich dam dan

B a i 10: Cho cac k i m loai: Na, Cu, M g , Fe Thuf tii giam dan t i n h khuf la:

A M g , Fe, Na, Cu B Cu, Fe, M g , Na

C Na, M g , Fe, Cu D Na, Fe, M g , Cu

B a i 11: Cong thiJc oxit cao nhat cua mot nguyen to la R2O5 Cong thiJc

hop chat hidrua cao nhat la:

B a i 12: Nho tii tii dung dich H C l va dung dich NazCOa Hien tuong quan

sat diroc la:

A Co ket tua xuat hien ngay

B Ket tua xuat hien roi lai tan

C Mot thofi gian mdi thay sui bot k h i

D Lap tufc CO k h i bay ra

Trang 33

Bai 13: Dung dich X chufa a mol N a H C O a va b mol NagCOa

Thi nghiem 1: Cho (a + b) mol CaCl2 vao dung dich X duoc m gam ket tua

Thi nghiem 2: Cho (a + b) mol Ca(0H)2 vao dung dich X daoc m' gam

ket tua So sanh dung la

A m' < m B m < m' C m -> m' D m = m'

Bai 14: Nhiet phan m gam mot hop chat cua sit trong khong khi cho

den khi khoi liiong khong doi duoc - ^ g a m rSn Vay hop chat da

dung CO cong thuTc la:

A Fe(N03)3 B Fe(0H)3 C Fe(N03)2 D Fe(0H)2

Bai 15: Hoa tan mot luong Fe304 hhng dung dich H2SO4 loang dir thu

diioc dung dich X Chia dung dich X lam hai phan bang nhau

Phdn 1: Phan ufng vte du vdi 200ml dung dich K I 1,5M

Phan 2: Lam mat mau vCfa du V ml dung dich KaCrgOT 0,5M

Chi ra V

A 150 B 100 C 50 D 25

Cau 16: Hon hop X gom Al va Na Chia X lam 2 phan bang nhau

+ Cho phan 1 vao mfdc dir thay thoat ra 4,48 lit khi (dkc)

+ Cho phan 2 phan uTng vdi dung dich NaOH diT thay thoat ra 7,84 lit

khi (dkc)

Chi ra khoi luong hon hop X

A 15,4gam B 16,7gam C 8,6gam D 7,7gam

Bai 17: Mot hoc sinh dieu che Fe2(S04)3 bSng each Ian li/Oc cho Fe, FeO,

FezOa va Fe304 tac dung vdi H 2 S O 4 dSc, nong De thu dtfoc laong

Fe2(S04)3 nhtf nhau thi suf dung chat nao tiet kiem axit nhat?

A FeO B Fe203 C Fe D Fe304

Bai 18: Mot dung d j c h X chufa cac ion: Mg^\, NH^va CI" Chia X

lam hai phan bSng nhau

- Phan 1 tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH da, dun nong thu dilgfc 0,58 gam

ket tua va 0,672 Ht khi (dkc)

- Phan 2 tac dung vdi dung dich BaCl2 da thu dagc 4,66 gam ket tua

Tong khoi laong cac chat trong dung dich X la:

Bai 19: Hoa tan a gam hon hop Fe, Cu (ti le khoi laong 6:4) bkng mot

luong dung dich HNO3. Sau phan ufng thu duoc dung dich X, con lai 0,2a gam rSn va thay c6 khi thoat ra Dung dich X chaa

A Fe(N03)2 va Cu(N03)2 B Fe(N03)3 va HNO3

C chi Fe(N03)3 D Chi Fe(N03)2 Bai 20: Cho 5 gam hon hop X gom Mg, Al, Zn, Fe tac dung vdi laong da

dung dich HCl, daoc 2,24 lit khi (dkc) Mat khac 5 gam X tac dung vdi khi clo da thu daoc 12,526 gam hon hop muoi Phan tram khoi laong Fe trong X la:

A 14,33% B 13,44% C 19,28% D 18,92%

Bai 21: Them ta t a den khi da dung dich Ba(0H)2 0,1M vao 300ml dung dich Al2(S04)3 0,05M ta thay xuat hien ket tua trSng, tang dan, roi

lai thay ket tua tan dan, den khi da dung qua V ml dung dich BaCl2

thi thay ket tiia khong tan them naa Chi ra V

A 550 B 600 C 500 D 450

Bai 22: Vitamin A cong thiJc phan tuf C20H30O, c6 chufa 1 vong 6 canh va khong chaa lien ket 3 So lien ket doi trong phan tuf vitamin A la:

A 7 B 6 C 5 D 4

Bai 23: Nung hon hop gom 0,2mol C2H2 va 0,3mol H2 c6 xuc tac Ni,

daoc hdn hop X Dot chay X, dan toan san ph&m qua dung dich nadc

voi trong c6 da, khoi laong binh tang

A 9gam B 17,6gam C 30gam D 26,6gam

Bai 24: Dun nong hon hop gom 3 ancol la ROH, R'OH va R"OH vdi H 2 S O 4

dac d nhiet do thich hop thi c6 the thu daoc toi da bao nhieu ete?

A 5 B 3 C 4 D 6

!ai 25: Tinh axit tang dan theo trat ta

A p-clophenol < p-nitrophenol < p-bromphenol

B p-clophenol < p-bromphenol < p-nitrophenol

C p-bromphenol < p-clophenol < p-nitrophenol

D p-nitrophenol < p-bromphenol < p-clophenol

ai 26: Cho 0,05mol hon hop hai andehit hen tiep trong day dong dang

tac dung vdi laong da dung dich AgN03/NH3 daoc 18,9gam Ag Cong thdc phan tuf hai andehit la:

A. C2H4O va C3H6O B HCHO va C2H4O

C C3H4O va C4H6O D C3H6O va C4H8O

Trang 34

B a i 27: Dot chay (CH3COO)2Ca t h u dtfoc san pham gom CO2, H2O va

mot chat rSn Chat r a n do la:

A C a C O a B Ca(HC03)2 C CaO D Ca

B a i 28: Cho hflu hop cac chat hOfu co don chufc c6 cong thufc phan tijf

C2H4O2 tac dung het vdi N a O H thu daoc h6n hop cac chat hOfu co Y

Y gom c6:

A CHsONa, CHgCOONa, HCOONa

B CH3OH, CH3COOH, H C O O H

C CHsCOONa, CH3OH

D CH3OH, CHsCOONa, HCOONa

B a i 29: Xa phong hoa hoan toan 8,86gam chat beo X can dung 62ml

dung dich K O H 0,5M t h u di/gtc muoi k a l i cua cac axit beo va 0,92gam

glixerol C h i so xa phong va chi so axit cua chat beo X Ian luat la:

B a i 31: L y s i n : H 2 N - ( C H 2 ) 4 - C H ( N H 2 ) - C O O H Cho m gam lysin phan

iJng vdi dung dich chOfa 0,2mol N a O H t h u d\Xac dung dich X, dung dich

X phan ling vCra du v d i dung dich chura 0,4mol H C l Gia t r i m 1^:

B a i 32: Cac amin the hien daac t i n h bazo la do amin c6:

A K h a nang thuy phan tao O H "

B Nguyen tijf N c6 do am dien Idn

C K h a nang phan ufng vdi axit tao muoi

D Nguyen tuf N con doi electron chaa t h a m gia l i e n ket

B a i 33: Dot chay hoan toan cacbohidrat X bling mot luang oxi vCra du

n h a n thay no^: nô,: n^^ô = 1 : 1 : 1- X c6 kha nSng l a m m a t mû

nifdc brom Vay X c6 the la cacbohidrat nao trong so cac chat sau?

A Glucozo B Fructozd C Saccarozd D Mantozd

B a i 34: Cho cac polime sau: cao su isopren, PVC, c a o su b u n a - N , to

capron, poli(phenol-fomandehit), nilon-6,6 So polime dUdc dieu che bang phan uTng t r u n g hop, t r u n g ngiTng, dong t r u n g hop Ian lugt l a :

A 4,2,1 B 2,3,2 C 2,3,1 D 3,2,1

B a i 35: X la este cua a - a m i n o a x i t Y va ancol etylic Dot chay hoan toan

20,6gam X t h u duoc 35,2gam CO2, 16,2gam H2O va 2,24 l i t N2 (dkc)

Cong thufc cau tao t h u gon cua X la:

A H2N-(CH2)2-COO-C2H5 B HzN-CHCCHsKCOOH

C H2N-CH2-COO-C2H5 D H2N-CH(CH3)-COO-C2H5

B a i 36: Cho h6n hgfp X gom 2 chat hGu ca phan ufng vdi K O H vCra du,

can dung 500ml dung dich K O H I M Sau phan ufng thu hon hop 2 muoi cua 2 axit no, don va 1 ancol no, don Y Cho Y tac dung het vdi

Na duoc 3,36 l i t H2 (dktc) Cho biet 2 chat hufu ccf t r e n la hop chat gi?

A 1 axit + 1 ancol B 1 este +1 axit

C 1 este + 1 ancol D 2 este

B a i 37: Chat huTu co X chi chufa 1 loai nhom chufc tac dung vdi 1 l i t dung

dich N a O H 0,5M t h u daoc muoi va O,lmol m p t ancol De t r u n g ho^

li/ong N a O H du can dung 0,5 l i t dung dich H C l 0,4M Vay X co cong thufc dang

A R - C O O - R ' B (R-C00)3R' C (R-C00)2R' D R ( C 0 0 - R ' ) 3

B a i 38: Cho hon hop etyl isobutylrat, axit 2-metylpropanoic, metyl butanoat phan ufng vCra du vdi 200ml dung dich h5n hop N a O H 0,05M

va K O H 0,1M K h o i luang muoi thu diTOc sau phan ufng la:

B a i 39: Cho so do sau:

X + N a O H - ^ Y + Z

Z + H2 C2H5OH

Z + Cu(0H)2 + N a O H Y + Cu20i + H2O

Vay X CO cong thufc phan tuf la

a i 40: Cho day cac chat: C2H3CI, C2H4, CgHg, C2H3COOH,

H2N(CH2)5COOH So chat trong day co kha nang t h a m gia phan dng

t r u n g hop la:

A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

Trang 35

II P H A N R I E N G (10cau)

Thi siiih hoc thco cliiiang trlnh nao tlii chl diCgc lam phdn danh ieng

cho chuang trlnh do (phdn A hoac B)

Theo chiftfng trinh Chuan (10 cdu, tii cdu 41 den cdu 50)

Bai 41: Chat xiic tac trong phan iJng thuan nghich lam

A Tang toe do phan ufng thuan

B Tang toe do phan ufng nghieh

C Tang hieu suat phan ijfng t h u a n

D Phan ufng mau dat trang thai can bSng

Bai 42: Cho so do chuyen hoa (m6i mui ten la mot phan ufng, cae ky

hieu utng vdi s a n pham chinh):

Propilen - i l i ^ X - i ^ ^ Y Z T

Chon phat bieu dung

A X la ancol bac I B Y la xeton

C T la hop chat tap chuTc D Z thuoc loai hdp chat v6 co

Bai 43: Mo ta nao sau day khong dung hien tuong t h i nghiem?

A Nho n\idc brom vao dung dich axetandehit, mau cua brom hi mat

B Nho dung dich thuoc tim vao dung dich axetandehit, mau tim bi mat

C Nho dung dich kali dicromat vao dung dich axetandehit, mau da

cam bi mat

D Nho dung dich thuoc tim vao dung dich axeton, mau t i m bi mat

B a i 44: Cho bie't: E°,„,,„.eu, = I I V ; E"^„,.^^„ = -0,76V The' dien cifc

chuan cua cSp oxi hoa khuf Cu^VCu la:

A -1,86V B -0,34V C 1,86V D 0,34V

Bai 45: Cho cac chat sau: FeCh, Nal, NajSOa, NaOH, HCl, H N O 3 So hop

chat C O kha nang khu Cr**^ (trong Cr^O^") -> Cr^^ (dieu kien c6 du) la

B a i 46: Cau hinh electron cua Cr (Z = 24) la

A [Ar]3d'4s^ B [Kr]3d^4s^ C [Ar]3d^4s^ D [Ne]3d^4s^

B a i 47: De p h a n biet cac dung dich: NaCl, CuCla, FeClz, FeCls, AlCl3,c6

the dung thuoc thuf la:

B a i 48: Thuy phan (moi trUcfng OH ) cac chat sau:

Theo chifcfng trinh Nang cao (10 cdu, tii cdu 51 den cdu 60)

Bai 51: Tron hai dung dich HCl 0,002M va H 2 S O 4 0,001M vdi the tich bang nhau, dung dich tao thanh c6 c6 pH bSng

A 2,4 B 2,7 C 2,8 D 5,8 Bai 52: 5,8gam mot axit cacboxylic mach thSng X tac dung vdi lifcfng KOH vufa du thu ducfc 9,6gam muoi Cong thiJc phan tuf cua axit la:

Bai 53: Khoi lugng ket tua toi da khi dun 4,5gam HCHO vdi Cu(0H)2

trong moi trudng kiem la

A 43,2gam B 21,6gam C 24gam D 12gam

Bai 54: Chon phat bieu dung

A Dung dong kim loai de khuf ion Zn^* trong dung dich

B Dung ion Ag^ de oxi hoa Fe^* trong dung dich

C Dung ion Mg^^ de oxi hoa sSt kim loai trong dung dich

D Dung nhom kim loai de oxi hoa ion Ag* trong dung dich

Bai 55: Cho phan ufng: C U 2 O + H 2 S O 4 bang -> C U S O 4 + Cu + H 2 O ; Chon

•

phat bieu diing Trong phan iJng

A. H 2 S O 4 la chat oxi hoa B. C U 2 O la chat khuf

C. C U 2 O tu oxi hoa khuf D. H 2 S O 4 la chat khuf

Trang 36

B a i 56: 5,6gam oxit k i m loai hoa t r i 2 t a n vCfa du trong 175ml dung dich

H2SO4 0,4M TCr dung dich t h u diTpc ta c6 the k e t t i n h dupe 17,5gam

t i n h the muoi ngam nudc Cong thufc phan tijf cua muoi ngam nUdc la:

A CUSO4.5H2O B CUSO4.4H2O

C MgS04.7H20 D ZnS04.7H20

B a i 57: Chpn each phan biet ba dung dich chufa anion sau:

A Cho dung dich N a C l diT, Ipc, cho axit H C l vao nifdc Ipc

B Cho dung dich NH4CI dU, Ipc, cho axit H C l vao nirdc Ipc

C Cho dung dich BaClz dif, Ipc, cho axit H C l vao nude Ipc

D Cho dung dich Ca(0H)2 dU, Ipc, cho axit H C l vao nifdfc Ipc

B a i 58: Dun nong tii tit hon hpp etanol va p r o p a n - 2 - o l vdi xuc tac

H2SO4 dac, CO the thu diTpc t o i da bao nhieu san pham hufu co chufa toi

A. m-crezol B m - m e t y l anilin C p-crezol D o-crezol

B a i 60: N h a n xet nao sau day la dung?

A T i n h bpt va xenlulozcf deu tan trong nifdc Svayde

B. T i n h hot va xenlulozo deu khong cho phan ufng t h u y phan

C T i n h bpt va xenlulozo deu khong t h a m gia phan ufng t r a n g gUcfng

D T i n h bpt va xenlulozo deu c6 the tao ra mau v d i iot

Cho biet khdi lugng nguyen tii (theo dvC) cua cdc nguyen td: H = li

Thai gian lam bai 90 phut

U PHAN CHUNG CHO TAT CA CAC THi SINH (40 cSu, tCr c^u 1 dfen cau 40)

B a i 1: So electron doe t h a n trong mot ion Fe^"^ (Z = 26) d t r a n g t h a i

i khong bi kich t h i c h la:

B a i 2: Cho cac ion N a \, F", O^" Day nao diTdi day dupe s^p xep

diing theo chieu giam dan ban k i n h ion?

I A Mg'^> Na^> F - > O'- B Na^ > Mg'^ > F" > O'"

; C F" > M g ' " > Na" > O'- D O'" > F" > Na" > M g ' "

B a i 5: Dung dich nUdc cua X l a m quy t i m nga mau xanh, con dung dich

Y khong l a m quy doi mau T r p n X vdi Y thu dupc ket tua X, Y Ian lirpt la

A NazCOa va KNO3 B K2CO3 va Ba(N03)2

C K O H va FeCl3 D N a O H va K2SO4

B a i 6: Trong trudng hpp nao sau day tao t h a n h dung dich l a m quy t i m

hoa xanh? Biet cac t h i nghiem deu dung dien cifc trcf

A Dien phan dung dich KNO3 B Dien phan dung dich CUSO4

C Dien phan dung dich N a C l D Dien phan dung dich ZnCl2

B a i 7: Hoa tan het m gam bpt Cu trong dung dich HNO3, toan bp k h i

1^ N O (duy nhat) thoat ra cho tac dung vd i 2,24 l i t oxi (dkc) dupe h6 n

ML hpp k h i Z Hap t h u het Z vao nude dupe dung dich chi chda HNO3

Hp Gia t r i m la

A 12,8 B 6,4 C 9,6 D 16

Trang 37

B a i 8: Cho chuoi phan uTng

K O H -> KCIO3 -> K C l KCIO -> KHCO3 -> K2CO3 K C l

So phan ufng oxi hoa khijf la

B a i 9 : Rem tac dung vdi dung dich H2SO4 loang, cho them vao do vai

giot dung dich CUSO4 H i e n tugtng quan sat dugfc la:

A. Hot k h i thoat ra nhieu hdn B Bot k h l thoat ra i t dan

C Bot k h i thoat ra khong doi D Bot k h i ngCfng thoat ra ngay

B a i 1 0 : K h o i liTcrng s^t ciic dai t a n dtfcfc trong 200ml dung dich H N O

2 M la bao nhieu? (Biet chi tao san pham khuf duy n h a t NO)

B a i 1 1 : D i n k h i X vao dung dich K I c6 pha t h e m v a i giot ho t i n h bot,

khong thay xuat hien mau xanh t i m Vay X la

A Clo B Brom C Ozon D Oxi

• B a i 1 2 : T r o n dung dich X (H2SO4 0,02M) vdi dung dich Y (NaOH 0,03M)

thu dagc dung dich c6 p H = 2 T i le the tich V ^ : V Y la:

A 2 : 3 B 3 : 2 C l : 1 D 4 : 3

B a i 1 3 : Nung nong m gam CaCOa dtfcfc 0,78m gam r a n Vay phan tran

CaCOa bi n h i e t phan la:

A 78% B 50% C 13,92% D 22%

B a i 1 4 : Cho mot lifcfng Fe tan het t r o n g 200ml dung dich HNO3 2 M thu

dugc dung dich chufa m gam muoi va c6 k h i NO la san pham khuf du^

nhat K h o i luang Fe bSng bao nhieu de m dat gia t r i Idn nhat?

A 5,6gam B 8,4gam C 9,8gam D l l , 2 g a m

B a i 1 5 : M o t mau A g bi Ian tap chat la A l va Zn Co the t h u dtfdc Ag

t i n h k h i e t bang each chi dung mot ho6 chat nao dudi day?

1) Dung dich N a O H 2) Dung dich HNO3

3) Dung dich H C l 4) Dung dich AgN03

5) Dung dich FeCla 6) Dung dich Cu(N03)2

A 3,4,5 B 1,3,4,5 C 2,6 D 1,2,3,4,5

C a u 1 6 : Tien h a n h 2 t h i nghiem sau:

T N I : Cho m gam bot Fe (dix) vao dung dich chufa 2a mol Cu(N03)2

T N 2 : Cho m gam bot Fe (du) vao dung dich chufa b mol AgNOg Sau k h i phan iJng xay ra hoan toan, k h o i lUOng chat rfin t h u duoc or

hai t h i nghiem deu bSng nhau So sanh nao diidi day la diing?

A a = 5b B b = 10a C a = b D b = 5a

B a i 1 7 : Dien phan dung dich chiJa a mol K C l va b mol Cu(N03)2 (dien

I circ trcf, CO mang ngan) De dung dich sau dien phan hoa t a n dugc

MgO t h i sir lien he gifla a va b la:

A B < 2a B a > 2b C a = 2b D a < 2b

B a i 1 8 : Phan ufng nao sau day khong thu duac hon hgp muoi?

Mk^ A Phenyl axetat + N a O H B V i n y l axetat + K O H

^ C K O H + Ba(HC03)2 ^ D Fe304 + H C l ^

i B a i 1 9 : Hoa tan chat r ^ n X vao dung dich HNO3 loang nh\i duac dung

dich Y va khong thay k h i thoat ra Cho NH3 dir vao dung dich Y, loc

ket tiia, nung trong khong k h i l a i t h u dtrgfc rSn X Vay X c6 the la

^ chat nao sau day?

A Fe304 B ZnO C FegOs D CuO

B a i 2 0 : Cho tCr tCf 500ml dung dich chiJa Na2C03 0,4M va NaHC03 I M

vao 450ml dung dich H C l I M , phan ufng hoan toan, thu diTOc V l i t

CO2. Gia t r i V la:

B a i 2 2 : Trong cac chat sau: AI4C3, CaC2, K C N , HGHO, NaHG03,GHCl3,

I I N a a C O a , C2H5OH, CHaCOONa So' hgp chat hUu ca la:

A 4 B 5 G 6 D 7

B a i 2 3 : Hidrocacbon X c6 ti k h o i hai so vdi CH4 b^ng 4,5 Cho X t^c

dung vdi clo tao 4 dong phan monoclo T a n goi cua X la:

* | A pentan B isopentan

Trang 38

B a i 24: N h a n xet nao sau day khong dung?

A A n l y l bromua de t h a m gia phan iJng the hon phenyl amin

B V i n y l clorua c6 the ducfc dieu che tCf 1,2 - dicloetan

C Thuy phan etyl clorua trong moi trUcJng k i e m ducfc ancol bac hai

D tfng vdfi cong thuTc phan tijf C4H9Br c6 4 dong phan cau tao

B a i 25: Cho hai phan uTng

CeHsOH + N a O H ^ CeHgONa + H2O

CO2 + CeHsONa ^ CeHjOH + NaHCOg

H a i phan ufng t r e n chufng to:

A phenol c6 t i n h axit

B phenol c6 t i n h axit m a n h han axit cacbonic

C phenol eo t i n h axit va t i n h axit m a n h han axit cacbonic

D phenol c6 t i n h axit va t i n h axit yeu han axit cacbonic

B a i 26: 7,74g andehit mach khong phan nhanh X tac dung vCra du vdi

dung dich chufa 34,4gam brom X c6 cong thuTc phan tuf:

A C H 2 O B C3H4O2 C C4H8O D C4H6O2

B a i 27: Trung hoa 4,5gam axit cacboxylic X bSng N a O H vCra du, c6 car

duac 6,7 gam muoi khan X c6 cong thufc phan tuf la:

B a i 28: E la este c6 t i khoi hai so vdfi H2 bang 44 Xa phong hoa 4,4gani

bang NaOH vCra du roi c6 can duac 4,lgam muoi khan Chi ra ten cua E

A propyl fomat B etyl axetat

C isopropyl fomat D metyl propionat

B a i 29: X la este dan thufc Lay m gam X tac dung vdfi NaOH vCra du thu

duac san pham hOfu ca duy nhat Y Dot chay hoan toan liigfng Y t r e n

dirac: 5,3gam NagCOs; 10,08 l i t CO2 (dkc); 8,lgam H2O Chi ra gia t r i

m-A 10 B 5 C 33,2 D 12,4

B a i 30: A x i t glutamic: HOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH Cho 14,7 gam

axit glutamic phan ufng v d i 200ml dung dich H C l I M thu dirac dung

dich X Cho X phan ufng v d i laang vCra dij K O H thu dUdc dung dich ^ •

CO can Y thu duac liigfng muoi khan la:

l a i 31: Tix glyxin v^ alanin c6 the tao th^nh toi da bao nhieu tripeptit?

A 27 B 8 C 6 D 9

^ai 32: Cho cac amino axit sau:

1) A x i t 2 - a m i n o - 3 - p h e n y l propanoic (phenylalanin) 2) Axit 2 - a m i n o - 3 - m e t y l butanoic (vaUn)

3) A x i t 2 - a m i n o - 4 - m e t y l pentanoic (leuxin)

4) A x i t 2 - a m i n o - 3 - m e t y l pentanoic (isoleuxin)

N h a n dinh khong dung ve cac amino axit da cho

A Deu la hgfp chat hufu ca dan chiJc

B Deu la hap chat cd trong ca the dong vat

C Deu la hap chat hC?u ca tap chat

|i D Deu la t h a n h phan tao nen protein

B a i 33: Xenluloza tan dugc trong

A Nude brom B Dung dich [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2

C Nude voi trong D

D Poli (vinyl axetat)

B a i 35: Cho cung mot k h o i lugfng moi chat: C H 3 O H , HCOOH,

C2H4(OH)2, C3H5(OH)3 tac dung v d i iMng d\i Na So' mol H2 Idn n h a t

sinh ra tCr phan iJng cua Na vdi

A C H 3 O H B H C O O H C C3H5(OH)3 D C2H4(OH)2

B a i 36: Hidro hoa hoan toan ( N i , t°) cac chat sau:

1 Glucoza 2 Fructoza 3 B u t a - l , 3 - d i e n 4 Axetandehit

5 B u t - 2 - e n 6 Ancol anlylic 7 Mantoza 8 Saccaroza Cac chat cho cung san pham la:

: A 1 va 2; 3 va 5 B 1 va 2; 3 va 5; 4 va 6

C 3 va 6; 7 va 8 D 1 va 2; 7 va 8

Tiêu đề	Tuyển Tập Các Dạng Điển Hình Và Phương Pháp Giải Nhanh Bài Tập Trắc Nghiệm Hóa Học 12: Phần 2
Trường học	Trường Trung Học Phổ Thông
Chuyên ngành	Hóa Học
Thể loại	tài liệu

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