Huong dan gidi Vai tro ciia cau muoi trong pin dien hoa: Can bang dien tich trong cac dung dich.. Khi nhiing hai thanh kim loai Pb va Sn duoc nd'i vdi nhau bang day dan dien vao mdt du
Trang 1Plum loai vci phifcmij phop i^icii BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cu Thanh Toan
=> AgNOj con du, C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 chua phan irng, Fe phan iJng het:
Fe + 3AgNOj (dif) ^ Fe (NO3 )^ + 3Ag i
m/56 3m/56(mol)
Taco: —.108 = 19,44 =:>m=3,36(g) Dap an diing la C
56
Chu y: Fe + 2AgNO, -> Fe (NO3 )^ + 2Ag i
Fe(NO,)2 + AgNO, ->• Fe(NO,), + Ag i
=> Fe + 3AgNO, (du) Fe (NO, )^ + 3Ag i
28 Cho 10,7 gam h6n hcrp kim loai g6m Mg, A l , Fe (c6 d 16 mol 1: 1: 1) vao dung
djch chiia 0,75 mol AgNO, den khi cac phan li-ng xay ra hoan toan thu duoc bao
nhieu gam chat rSn?
A 59,6 B 32,6 C 81 D 75,6
Huong dan gidi
So mol moi kim loai Mg, A l , Fe la x
29 Cho 16,2 gam kim loai M c6 hoa tri n tac dung vdi 0,15 mol O, Chat ran thu
duorc sau phan urng dem hoa tan vao dung djch HCl du tha'y thoat ra 13,44 lit H ,
16,2.n^
^ e (cho) = (mol)
m
O, + 4e > 0,15 0,15 4 (mol)
20"-2H" + 2e >
2.13,44 13,44
>Ie(nhan) =0,15.4 +
22,4 2.13,44 22,4
18 Loai
27 (Al) Thoa man
Dap an dung la B
(n = 1, M = 9 (Be)=> loai vi Be hoa tn n = 2)
(n =2, M = 18 kh6ng c6 kim loai nao thoa man)
Vay M la A l
30 Cho hiin hop gom 0,15 mol Mg va 0,1 mol A l vao dung djch chira dong thdi 0,2 mol A^ NO, va 0,25 mol Cu(N03)2, sau phan ihig hoan toan thu duoc dung dich
X Cho NaOH du vao dung djch X thi khoi lirong ket tiia tao ra la
A 21,4 gam B 18,4 gam C 8,4 gam D 13,6 gam
Mg + C u ( N O , ) 2 M g ( N O , ) 2 + C u i
( 0 , , 5 - 0 , 1 ) 0,05 0,05 '• ' ,
2A1 + 3Cu(N03)2 -> 2 A l ( N 0 3 ) 3 + 3 C u i
0,1 ^ 0,15 -> 0,1
Trang 2=> Dungdjch Xco: 0,15 mol MgCNO,),; O.lmolAl(N03)3 ;
0,25-0,05-0,15 = 0,05mol Cu(N03)2 (du)
31 Ngam m6t vSt bang dong c6 kh6'i luong 10 gam trong 250 gam dung dich
AgNOj 4% Khi la'y vat ra thi khoi lirgng AgNO, trong dung djch giam 17%
a) Viet phiromg trinh hoa hoc cua phan ling va cho biet vai tro cac chat tham gia
phan urng
b) Xac dinh kh6'i luong cua vat sau phan ung
Huong ddn gidi
a) PTHH: Cu + 2AgN03 > CU(N03)2 + 2Ag i
Chat khu chat oxi hoa
b) Kh6'i luong AgNOj c6 trong dung dich ban ddu: m^gN03 - ^^^'^ = 10(g)
100 S6'mol AgNO, tham gia phan ling = = 0,01mol
32 Cho h6n horp gdm 1,2 mol Mg va x mol Zn vao dung djch chiia 2 mol Cu""^ va
10.536 mol Ag"^ den khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu dugc m6t dung dich
chua ba ion kim loai Trong cac gia trj sau day, gia tri nao ciia x thoa man trucmg
Dung djch thu duoc chura 3 ion kim loai '
i=> 3 ion do phai la Mg"* , Zn"* va Cu"* (du)
Vi Cu"* con du => Mg va Zn phan xing het
Cac qua trinh phan ling xay ra:
A 6,40 B 5,76 C 3,84 D 5,12
Hu&ng ddn gidi Cdch 1:
Theo bai ra: "AgNOj = 0,4.0,2 = 0,08(mol)
= 5,85/65 = 0,09(mol)
VI 2nz„ >nAgN03 (20,09>0,08) =>Zn con du sau khi cac phan ling xay ra
hoan toan
Cu + 2AgN03 ^ Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag i
=> X (ran): Ag, Cu (chua phan ting) , ,;
Y (dung djch): AgNOj (chua phan ling), CU(N03)2
Zn + 2AgN03 -> Zn (NO3)^ + 2Ag i , : :
Zn + Cu(N03)2-> Cu >l+Zn(N03)2
=> Z (ran): Ag, Cu, Zn (du)
Vay thuc chat ciia thi nghiem tran la: ; - i JiJ
23
Trang 3Zn + 2AgNOj ^ Zn (NO, \ 2Ag i
= > m = 6,4(gam) Dap an diing la Ạ
34 Cho 6,4 gam bot Cu vao V ml dung dich AgNOa 0,2M, sau m6t then gian phan
ling thu duoc 7,92 gam h6n hop r i n X va dung dich Ỵ Loc tach X, r6i them
10,35 gam bot Pb vao Y, sau mot thori gian phan ling thu duoc 10,44 gam h6n
hop rdn Z va dung dich Ạ Loc tach Z, r6i them 5,85 gam b6t iZn vao A, sau khi
phan ling xay ra hoan toan thu duoc 10,28 gam chat xkn B va dung dich chi chiJa
mot chat tan Gia tri ciia V la
Dap an dung la B
Dang 2: Bal tap tinh chat vat If cua kim loai
L Cho cac kim loai: Cu, Ag, Fe, A l , Aụ Day cdc kim loai duoc xd'p theo chieu
giam đn do dSn dien la
Ạ A l , Fe, Cu, Ag, Aụ B Ag, Cu, Au, A l , Fẹ
C Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, A l D Ag, Cu, Fe, A l , Aụ
Hu&ng dan gidi
D6 dSn dien giam dan theo Ag > Cu > Au > A l > Fẹ
Dap an dung la B
Chu V Ag dSn difin t6't nhát, r6i d^'n Cụ
2 Tinh dSn dien ctia kim loai phu thu6c vao
Ạ do dac kbit cua kim loaị B mat d6 electron tu dọ
C kieu mang tinh the kim loaị D mat do ion kim loaị
D6 ciJng: Cs < Cu < Fe < W < Cr Dap an dung la B
Chu y; Kim loai cumg nhát la crom (Cr);
Kim loai mem nhát la cac kim loai kiem
Dang 3: Bai tap ve pin dien hoa
L Trong pin difen hoa Zn - Cu, qua trinh khir trong pin la
Phan ii-ng khiJr Cu"": Cu"" + 2e > Cụ
Phan ling oxi hoa Zn: Zn > Zn"" + 2ẹ
3 Mot pin didn hoa c6 didn cue Zn nhung trong dung djch ZnS04 va dien cue Cu
nhung trong dung dich CuSỘ Sau m6t thori gian pin do phong didn thi khoi luong
Trang 4Phdn loai ra pliironi; jilu'ip t^liii /IT 116a hoc 12 -Cu Thanh Toan
A ca hai dien circ Zn va Cu dfiu giam
B dien cue Zn tang con khd'i luomg dien eirc Cu giam
C dien circ Zn giam con khoi lucmg dien cue Cu tang
D ca hai didn cue Zn va Cu d^u tang
Huong dan gidi
Sod6ciiapin: 0 Zn / ZnS04 // CUSO4/ Cu @
Phan ling xay ra khi pin phong dien:
Zn + Cu-* (dd) > Cui + Zn-' (dd)
Suy ra, khd'i luong la Zn ngay cang giam (Zn > Z n ' * (dd) + 2e), kh6'i lucmg
la Cu cang tang (Cu'^dd) + 2e > Cu i)
Dap an dung la C
4. Khi pin didn hoa Zn - Cu phong di6n thi ndng do
A cua Cu"* giam, ciia Zn"* tang B ciia Cu'"^ giam, ciia Zn'* giam
C ciia Cu-* tang, ciia Zn"* tang D ciia Cu"* tang, ciia Zn"* giam
Huong ddn gidi
Phan ling xay ra khi pin Zn - Cu phong dien:
Zn + Cu-* > Cu + Zn-*
=> n6ng d6 Cu"* giam, n6ng d6 ciia Zn"* tang Dap an diing la A
5. Trong qua trinh hoat dong ciia pin didn hoa Zn - Cu thi
A kh6'i luong ciia dien cue Cu giam
B kh6'i luong ciia didn cue Zn tang
C ndng do ciia ion Cu'* trong dung djch tang
D ndng d6 ciia ion Zn"* trong dung dich tang
Huong ddn gidi
Phan ling hoa hoc xay ra: Zn + Cu^"^ ^ Cu i + Zn^"^
Suy ra: + Kh6'i luong cue Zn giam
+ Khdi luong cue Cu tang
+ Nong d6 ion Cu"* giam
+ Nong do ion Zn'* tang
Dap an dung la D
6. Sua't dien d6ng (Ej,J cua pin didn hoa khong phu thuoc vao
A ban chat ciia kim loai lam dien cue
B ndng do ciia cae dung dich mudi
C nhiet d6
D khdi luong cae dien cue *
Huong ddn gidi
Sua't dien d6ng E^,,, phu thuoc vao:
B a n chat cae kim loai lam dien cue ! , ' > ,
Ndng d6 cua cac ion k i m loai (dung djch mudi) ,•
- N h i e t d d
Khong phu thu6c vao khoi lugfng cae dien cue Dap an diing la D
7 Cho E°z„ 2* /7.„ = - 0,76V; E\+ /p, = - 0,13V , /
Phat bieu diing la: •
A Khi hinh thanh pin dien hoa, anot la cue Zn
B Sua't dien d6ng chuc4n ciia pin dien hoa Zn - Pb bang 0,89V
C Phan ling xay ra khi pin dien hoa Zn - Pb phong dien (d dieu kien chuan):
Pb + Zn-* > Zn + Pb'*
D Trong pin dien hoa Zn - Pb, nd'u sii dung cdu mudi la dung dich NH4NO3
Khi pin hoat d6ng thi ion NO 3 di ehuye'n ve phia cue Pb
Huong ddn gidi
Pin dien hoa Zn - Pb
Phan umg xay ra trong pin:
-Zn + Pb-* > Pb + -Zn-*
- V i E°z„ 2+ ^„ < E°pb 2+ => Zn CO tinh khii manh hon Pb => Zn la cue am
(anot), Pb la cue duong (catot)
^ pin(Zn-Pb) — Pb-* /Pb ^ Zn /Zn
= -0,13 - ( - 0 , 7 6 ) = 0,63V
- d cue Pb (cue duong, catot): Pb"* + 2e > ?hi
Do dd, ion NH4 se di chuyen ve phia cue Pb de trung hoa dien tich
Dap an dung la A
8. Trong qua trinh pin dien hoa Zn - A g hoat dong ta nhan tha'y
(cho biet E°z„ 2+ ^ = - 0,76V; E ^ * = "t" 0,80V, cSu mudi la dung djch KNO3)
A khdi luong ciia dien cue A g giam
B ndng do ciia ion Zn"* tang
C ion K* di chuyen v^ phia anot
D. sua't dien d6ng chudn cua pin bang 0,80 - 0,76 = 0,04V
Hu&ng ddn gidi ,
Phan umg xay ra khi pin dien hoa Zn - Ag hoat d6ng:
Zn + 2Ag* > Zn-* + 2 A g i
Trang 5Ph.'in Ji'.ii V,) n!i II', /»/;<//' /!,':i lifi ' 2 - C /< 1 luinli I pan
Ta thay:
- Kh6'i lircmg dien cue A g tang (khoi luong dien cue Z n giam)
- Nong do ion Zn-''tang (nong do ion Ag"^ giam)
- Trong pin Z n - A g thi anot la A g , catot la Z n
d anot (cue Zn): Z n ^ Zn"* + 2e ' '
d catot (cue A g ) : Ag*^ + le > A g i
Do do 6 catot thieu dien tich duong (do Ag* bj dien phan) ndn K* {cAu mu6'i) di
chuy^n do (chii khong anot)
- Suat dien dong chudn E ^ , , , z „ ^g, = E^g + /^g " E°z„ /z,,
E V z „ - A g , = 0,8 - ( - 0 , 7 6 ) = 1 , 5 6 ( V )
Dap an dung la B
9 Vai tro ciia cau muoi trong pin dien hoa, la
A cung cap them ion cho cac dung dich mudi
B can bang dien tich trong cac dung djch
C lam chat xiic tac cho phan iJng oxi hoa - khii xay ra k h i pin boat ddng
D con ducmg d i chuyen ciia cac electron tir cue am sang cue duong
Huong dan gidi
Vai tro ciia cau muoi trong pin dien hoa: Can bang dien tich trong cac dung dich
- V I Epi„ lu6n duong => loai phuong an A va D
- VI Cr C O tinh khij manh hon Sn ndn:
" ^ (Cr - Sn) - S.I ASii ^ Cr /Cr
= E''s„2+,s„ - ( - 0 , 7 4 )
= E°s,.2^s„ + 0 , 7 4 ( V )
•, - Vi Sn diing tru6c H trong day dien hoa nen E^s,, ^+ ys, < 0
Do do EV-S,) < 0,74V => E°,a-s,) = 0,60V Dap an diing la C
11 Co mot hoc sinh viet kf hieu ciia pin va tinh sua't dien ddng chu^n tuong ling
ciia pin nhu sau:
Xet cac pin:
* Pin sai (dch viet ki hieu:
- Pin A g - Cu (ma phai la pin Cu - A g )
- Pin A g - Z n (ma phai la pin Z n - A g )
* Pin CO gid tri sua't dien dong chuan E" sai:
- Pin Z n - A g : E",,,, = E ^ , + „^ - E\„ 2+ ^„
= 0,8 - (-0,76) = 1,56V
Vay chi C O 1 pin c6 k i hieu dung va E°p|„ dung
12 Cho mot pin dien hoa duoc tao bdi cap oxi hoa - khir Fe^*/ Fe va N i ' * / N i Phan
ling xay ra or cue am ciia pin diSn hoa ( 6 difiu kien chu^n) la
A Fe ^ Fe2+ + 2e B N i ^ N i ^ * + 2e
C Fe^* + 2e - > Fe f ^ ' D N i ^ * + 2e N i
; c.y Huong ddn gidi
Ca'u t a o p i n : ( - ) F e / F e 2 + / / N i ^ + / N i ( + )
Phan utig xay ra of cue am (anot): Fe > Fe^*" + 2e
Phan lirng xay ra 6 cue duong (catot): N i ^ ^ + 2e > N i Phan ling tdng eong: Fe + Ni^"^ ^•Fe^^'+Ni
Dap an dung la A
Chu v; Trong pin dien hoa: I
- d cue am (anot): Xay ra o x i hoa
- d cue duong (catot): Xay ra su khir '
13 M d t pin dien hoa gdm dien cue la s d day bac nhiing vao dung dich A g N O j va dien cue kia la mot sgi day platin nhiing vao dung dich chiia ddng thdi Fe(N03)3
va Fe(N03)2 Phan ung xay ra d dien cue duong ciia pin dien ( d dieu kidn chu^n)
la (cho E " ^ =+0,8;E° ,+ =+0,77V)
A g + / A g Fe-'+/Fe2+ , j
A Fe2+ - > Fe-^* + le B Fe-''^ + le - > Fe^* [ ' ^ :
C A g * + le - > A g D A g ^ Ag"" + l e • ' '
Trang 6urn loai va phifcfnij phcip }>idi BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cii Thanh Toan
CM V - Phan iJng xay ra trong pin (hoat d6ng):
AgN03 + Fe (NO3 \e (NO3 )3 + Ag ;
- Cue duomg cua pin (E° , be hon) lu6n xay ra su khu
Mn /M
- Cue am ciia pin lu6n xay ra su oxi hoa
Dang 4: Bai tap tinh SDD chuan cua pin; tinh the dien cue chuan
1 Biet sua't dien dong chua'n cua pin Zn - Cu la 1,10V, the dien cue chudn ciia didn
cue Zn la - 0,76V, the dien cue chu^n cua dien cue Cu la
2 Biet rang E ^ ,z„.c„) = i,10V va E^Cu'VCu) = +0,34V The'dien cue chu^n cua
cap oxi hoa khir Zn'^/Zn la
3 Cho sua't dien dong chua'n cua cac pin dien hoa: Zn - Cu la 1,1V; Cu - Ag la
0,46V Biet the' dien cue chudn E V / A g = + 0,8V The' difin cue chu^n
4 Cho cac the'dien cue chu^n: E°,+3/A, = " ^zn^^/Zn = "^'^^^^ ^Pb2+/Pb
= - 0,13V; E° 2+^^ = + 0,34V Trong cac pin sau day, pin nao c6 sua't dien
d6ng chudn Idm nha't?
A P i n P b - C u B Pin Zn - Cu
C Pin Zn - Pb D Pin A l - Zn
Huong ddn gidi
Pin CO sua't dien dong chudn 1dm nha't khi pin tao ra tir cap dien cue each xa nhau
nha't trong day dien hoa
Do do, trong cac pin da cho thi pin Zn - Cu (vi tri ciia cap Zn'V Zn va Cu'V Cu each xa nhau nha't) c6 SDD chu^n 16n nha't
Trang 7fhan loai vd phUang phap nidi til Hoa hoc 12 - Cii Thanh Todn
6 Cho th6' dien cue chu£n cua cac cap oxi hoa - khu A g ^ / A g , Cu^^/Cu,
Pb^^ /Pb, Zn^"^ / Z n c6 gia tri Idn lucrt la: +0,80V; + 0,34V; -0,13V; -0,76V
Trong cac pin sau, pin nao c6 suS't didn dong chudn Idti nha't?
A PinPb-Cu B P i n Z n - A g C P i n Z n - C u D P i n P b - A g
Hu&ng dan gidi
E j i n H x ) = Epi„(zn-Ag) = 0-80 - (-0,76) = 1,56V
I Dap an dung la B
E ° „ ( 2 „ _ c „ ) = 1,10V;E°_2.^^,, = - 0 , 7 6 V va E^^+^^g =+0,80V SuSt dien
dong chuiin ciia pin didn hoa Cu-Ag la
8 Cho bifl: E ; , , ^ =-2,36V; E » , , , ^ , =^,76V; E»_,.^^ =^,3V; = ^ J , V
Pin dien hoa c6 sua't dien dong chudn bang 1,61V duoc ca'u tao bai hai cap oxi
9 Cho the' dien circ chuan: Zn""/ Zn = 0,76V; Fe'V Fe = 0,44V; Ni'V Ni =
-0,26V; Cu-7 Cu = + 0,34V Pin dien hoa c6 sua't dien d6ng chudn nho nha't la
pin tao bai hai dien cue
10 Cho ba kirn loai: M , R, X Biet E° ciia hai cap oxi hoa - khiJ M-"/M = - 0,76V
va R-7 R = + 0,34V Khi cho X vao dung dich mu6'i cia R thl c6 phan ling xay
ra, con khi cho X vao dung dich mu6'i ciia M thi khdng xay ra phan umg E° ciia
pin M - X bang 0,63V thi E" ciia pin X - R bang
Thii tu trong day dien hoa: M -> X -> R
Theo bai ra: E j i „ M - x = E " ^ „ ^ ^ - ( - 0 , 7 6 ) =0,63
Pin CO SDD chudn Idn nha't khi tao bai cap oxi hoa - khijf c6 the' dien cue ehu^n
tha'p nha't ( Z n ' " / Z n ) va cao nha't ( A g " / A g ) =>Epi„ Idn nha't la pin tao bcri Z n ' " / Z n va Ag" / Ag
Dap an dung la A
Trang 8/'//(/// lixii \ pJicij) i^icJFBT H6(i hoc 12 -Cii Thanh Toan
12 Cho cac the' dien circ chudn: E° = - 1 , 6 6 V ; E ° 2+ ,^ = + 0 , 3 4 V Bifi't suS't
didn dong chuiiin ciia pin: E " „ _ C U = M ^ ' E ^ p - A i =0,71V Vay sua't dien d6ng
chudnciiapin Mg-Zn|^E^^g_^„j la
A 2 V B I , 6 1 V C 0 , 9 V D 1 , 8 1 V
.;' Huong dan gidi
Ta ti'nh duoc: E° 2+ = 0 , 3 4 - 1 , 1 = 0 , 7 6 V
E° 2+ = - 1 , 6 6 - 0 , 7 1 = - 2 , 3 7 V
vay E^g_y„ = - 0 , 7 6 - ( - 2 , 3 7 ) = 1 , 6 1 V Dap an dung la B
Dang 5: Bai tap so sanh tinh ox! hoa - khiir, xac dmh chilu cua phan ihig oxi
hoa - khiir
1. Cho E",,, 2+ = - 0 , 7 6 V ; E"c„ 2+ = + 0 , 3 4 V ; E\, 2+ ^, = - 0 , 2 3 V Cac cation
CO tinh oxi hoa giam d i n theo thii tir
A Ni-\^ Zn'\ Cii'\^ Ni"*
- Trong cac pin tren, X ddu dong vai tro cue am
=> X CO tinh khu manh hem cac kim loai Y, Z va T (1)
- VI E^x-V < E^x-z E ° v y - / Y - E''x^^« < E»,^V " E°x^"/x
3. Cho sua't dien dong chuan E " ciia cac pin dien hoa:
E"(Cu - X) = 0,46V; E^CY - Cu) = 1 , 1 V ; E " ( Z - Cu) = 0,47V (X, Y, Z la ba kim loai) Day cac kim loai xep theo chieu tang dan tinh khii tu trai sang phai la ' > >
^ E\+ /Y < E"z ^+ r,, => Tinh khijf Y > Z (4)
T u ( l , 2, 3,4) taco: X < C u < Z < Y Dap an diing la B,
4 Cho su£ t dien dong chuan E° ciia cac pin dien hoa:
Ex_Y - l , l V ; E x _ z = 0 , 7 8 V ; E " _ Z = 0 , 4 6 V (X, Y, Z , T la bon kim loai)
Day cat: kim loai xep theo chilu tang ddn tinh khCr tir tnii sang phai la
A Y , Z , T , X B T , Z , X , Y C Z , T, X, Y D T, Z , Y, X
Huong ddn gidi
- K i m loai viet truoc la cue am (anot), kim loai viet sau la cue duong (kim loai
dong vai tro la cue am eo tinh khu manh hoii kim loai dong vai tro cue ducfng)
=> Tinh khu:
X > Y ; X > Z ; T > Z
- Pin CO E° cang lorn thi tinh khiJf cQa cac kim loai cang chenh lech nhau nhifiu
(hay noi each khac chiing cang xa nhau tren day dien hoa) <y> ;
- Do do, thu tu tren day dien hoa ciia cac kim loai: X > T > Z > Y > ' /
vay tinh khir tang ddn theo thii tu Y, Z , T, X
Trang 9/'/(,/(/ \ p/i(/p gidi BT Hoa hoc 12 -Ci) Thanh Toan
Trong so cac kim loai A l , F e , N i , C u , A g , H g , so kim loai khi tac dung v6i dung
djch F e ' * chi khCr duoc F e ' * Fe"* la
Hu&ng dan gidi
A l ' * Fe-* Ni-* , Cu-* Fe'* Ag* Hg-*
•
Hg
Dira vao day dien hoa trSn va qui tdc a ta bid't duoc cac kim loai trong doan
Fe-*/Fe va Fe'*/ Fe"* se chi khiJr diroc Fe'* > Fe"*
Do do CO 3 kim loai Fe, Ni, Cu f)ap an dung la C
6 Day cac ion xep theo chilu giam ddn tinh oxi hoa la (biet trong day dien hoa, cap
Fe'*/ Fe-* diJng trirorc cap Ag*/Ag)
A Fe'*, Ag*, Cu-*, Fe-* B Ag*, Fe'*, Cu"*, Fe"*
C Fe'*, Cu-*, Ag*, Fe-* D Ag*, Cu"*, Fe'*, Fe"*
Dap an dung la B
7 Mdnh d^ khong dung la
A Fe khij duqfc Cu"* trong dung dich
B tmh oxi hoa cua cac ion tang theo thir tir: Fe"*, H*, Cu"*, Ag*
C Fe'* CO tinh oxi hoa manh hon Cu"*
D Fe-* oxi hoa duoc Cu
Hu&ng dan gidi
• Xet cac phuong an sau:
A Dung Fe-*/Fe + Cu-*/Cu (quy tdc a):
Fe + Cu-* > Fe-* + Cu
B Dung Tinh oxi hoa Fe'* < H* < Cu"* < Ag*
C Dung 2Fe'* + Cu > Cu"* + 2Fe-*
D Sal Fe'* c6 tinh oxi hoa yeu hcfn Cu"* ntn Cu + Fe"* khong xay ra
Dap an dung la D
8 Cho cac phan ung xay ra sau day
(1) AgNOj + Fe(NO_,)3 > Fe(N03)3 + Ag i
(2) Mn + 2HC1 > MnCK + H t
Day cac ion sdp x6'p theo chidu tang ddn tinh oxi hoa la
A Ag*, Fe'*, H*, Mn=* B Ag*, Mn"*, H*, Fe'*
C Mn-*, H*, Ag*, Fe'* D Mn"*, H*, Fe'*, Ag*
Hu&ng dan gidi
- Ta c6:
(1) Ag* +Fe-* > Fe'* + A g
Ti'nh oxi hoa Fe'* < Ag*
(2) Mn + 2H* > Mn-* + H , -)
z=> Tmh oxi hoa Mn"* < H*
Do do Mn'* < H* < Fe'* < Ag* Dap an diing la D
Chii v: Day dien hoa: Mn"* H* Fe'* Ag*
— \>
Mn H , Fe-* Ag
9 Cho cac phan ling sau: Fe + 2Fe(NO,)^ -> 3Fe(NO3 )^ '' :v (
AgNO, + Fe(NO,)2 ^ Fe(N03)3 + A g
Day sdp x6'p theo thii tu tang ddn tinh oxi hoa cua cac ion kim loai Id '
Dap an dung la B
10 Thii tu m6t s6' cSp oxi hoa - khCr trong day dien hoa nhu sau:
Fe-*/Fe; Cu'*/Cu; Fe'*/Fe"*
Cap chat khong phan ung vori nhau la
11 Cho cac cap oxi hoa - khiJ duoc sdp xep theo chieu tang ddn tinh oxi hoa ciia
dang oxi hoa nhu sau: Fe^" / F c C u ^ " /Cu,Fe''" /Fe^"
Phat b'iiu nao sau day la dung?
37
Trang 10A Cu klurduDC Fe'* th;uih Fe B Cu"^^ oxi hodduoc Fe^"^ thanh Fe^^ j
C Fe'* oxihoaduDC Cu thiuih Cu^* D Fe"* oxi hoadiioc Cu thaiih Cu^*
Huong dan gidi ;
Ta c6: Cu + 2Fc^^ ^ Cu'+ + 2Fe^+
Cu^* + Fe^"" Khoiig xay ra
2 F e ^ * + C u ^ 2 F e ' * + C u ' * - ^ ^
(Fe'* oxi hoa duoc Cu thanh Cu'*)
Fe'^* + Cu -> Khong xay ra • '
=> Phat bieu diing la C Dap an diing la C
12 Cho cac ion kim loai: Zir*, Svr*, Ni"*, Fe"*, Pb"* Tlii} tir tinh oxi hoa giam diln la
A Zn-* > Sn=* > Ni"* > Fe"* > Pb'*
B Pb-*>Sn-*>Ni-*>Fe-*>Zn-*
C Sn-*>Ni-*>Zn-*>Pb-*>Fe-*
D Pb-* > Sn-* > Fe-* > Ni'* > Zn"*
Huong dan gidi
ThiJ tir tfnh oxi hoa giam dSn: Pb"* > Sn'* > Ni"* > Fe"* > Zn"*
Dap an dung la B
13 Cho day cac ion: Fe"*, Ni"*, Cu"*, Sn"* Trong cung dieu kien, ion c6 tinh oxi
hoa manh nhat trong day la
A Sn-* B Cu-* C Fe-* D Ni"*
Huong dan gidi
Trong cling dieu kiSn (nhiet d6, nong do), thu- tir tfnh oxi hoa ciia cac ion la:
F e - * < N i - * < S n - * < C u ^ *
=> Ion CO tfnh oxi hoa manh nhat la Cu"* Dap an diing la B
14 Qion phat bieu dung;
A Tfnh oxi hoa cua Ag* > Cu"* > Fe'* > Ni"* > Fe"*
B Tfnh klur ciia K > Mg > Zn > Ni > Fe > Hg
•, C Tfnh khir ciia K > Fe > Cu > f > Fe"* > Ag
D Tfnh oxi hoa ciia Ag* > I > Fe'* > Cu"* >
S"-Huong dan gidi
Xet cac phuong an:
g A Sai, VI tfnh oxi hoa Fe'*>Cu^*
2Fe'* + Cu ^ 2Fe-+ + Cu^*
Tfnh oxi hoa: Fe'* > I , ^ Ul^^l^
* Cac the dien circ chuilin E "
Oxi hoa/Kh K*/K Mg-*/Mg
Zn-*/Zn s/s-' Fe-*/Fe Ni-*/Ni
E°(V) -2,92 -2,36 -0,76 -0,51 -0,44 -0,25 Oxi
Huong dan gidi
Cac ion oxi hoa dugc Fe (cac ion ciia cac kim loai dung sau Fe trong day dien hoa va ion Fe''* :
2Fe'* + Fe-^3Fe2*
C u - * + F e ^ C u + Fe^^
2 A g * + F e ^ F e ^ * + 2 A g
Dap an dung la C
16 Day gom cac kim laii ddu tac dung duoc vol dung djch FcQ, la:
A Fe, Mg, Cu, Ag, Al B Fc, Zn, Cu, Al, Mg , ,/
C.Cu,Ag,Au,Mg,Fc D.Au,Cu,AI,Mg,Zn , ,
Huong dan gidi
Cac kim loai tac dung vai FeCl,: ^ "
Trang 11Zn + 2FeCl3 ZnCl, + 2FeCl2
Cu + 2FeCl3 -> CuCl, -b-2FeCl2
A l + 3FeCl3 ^ AICI3 + 3FeCl2
M g + 2FeCl3-> M g C l j + 2FeCl2
r -rt)! Im Dap an dung la B
17 Thir tu m6t s6'cap oxi hoa - khif trong day dien hoa nhu sau:
Mg^VMg;Fe2VFe;Cu2VCu;Fe^VFe2*;Ag+/Ag '
Day chi g6m cac chat, ion tac dung duoc vdi ion Fe'"^ trong dung djch la
A.Mg,Cu,Cu2^ B.Mg,Fe2^Ag C Mg,Fe,Cu D Fe,Cu.Ag^
18 Cho biet thiif tu tir trai sang phai cOa cac cap oxi hoa - khir trong day dien hoa
(day the dien cue chu^n) nhu sau:
Zn^* /Zn;Fe2+ /FeiCu^^ /Cu;Fe-'VFe2^; A g ^ / A g
Cac kirn loai va ion deu phan ung duoc v6i ion Fe'"^ trong dung djch la
A Z n , A g * B A g , C u - * C Ag, Fe'" D Zn, Cu"*
19 Cho gia trj thd' dien cue chua'n ciia mot so cap oxi hoa - khu:
Cap oxi hoaAhu
Cho rieng biet tung kim loai X, Z vao lucfng du m6i dung djch chua m6t ion kim
loai sau: Y ^ X-^ Z-\ phan u-ng oxi hoa - khu xay ra la
A 3 B 6 C.4 D 5
Dap an dung la B
Dang 6: Bai tap ve an mon kim loai
1 Trucmg hop khong xay ra hien tuong an mon difen hoa la
A de ta'm sat duoc ma km bang thiec ngoai khong khi £m
B hai day Cu va A l duoc noi true tiep vdi nhau va de ngoai kh6ng khf dm
C de thanh thep ngoai khong khi dm
D hai thanh Cu, Zn duoc noi vdi nhau bdi day dSn va cung nhiing vao dung dich H Q
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Khong xay ra hien tuong an mon dien hoa khi khong thoa man ca 3 di^u kidn
an mon dien hoa:
- Co 2 dien cue c6 ban chat khae nhau
- Hai dien cue tie'p xiic true tia'p hoac n6'i vdi nhau qua day dSn
- Hai dien cue ciing duoc nhiing trong mot dung dich chat dien l i
Do do, khi de ta'm sat duoc ma kin bang thiec ngoai khdng khi dm => khong xay
ra hi6n tuong an mon di6n hoa (vi khong c6 di^u kien 1 va 3)
Dap an diing la A
2 Bid't rang ion Pb"* trong dung dich oxi hoa duoc Sn Khi nhiing hai thanh kim
loai Pb va Sn duoc nd'i vdi nhau bang day dan dien vao mdt dung djch chat dien
li thi
A chi C O Sn bj an mon dien hoa
B chi C O Pb bi an mon dien hoa f i , ; ^ ,
C ca Sn va Pbdeu khdng bj an mon difin hoa , ,
D ca Sn va Pb deu bi an mon dien hoa
Huong ddn gidi
Ion Pb-* oxi hoa duge Sn => Sn cd tinh khu manh hon Pb ' v, , ' * / '
41
Trang 12Trong thf nghiem nay, thoa man 3 dieu i<ien cua an mon dien hoa (cae dien cue
Pb, Sn khae nhau, ndi v6i nhau bing day dfui, cung nhiing vao dung dich chat
dien l i ) , do do kim loai c6 tinh khu manh hon (cue am) se bj an mon dien hoa (d
day la Sn), con kim loai c6 tfnh khu yeu hon (cue duong, a day la Pb) khong bj
an mon
Dap an dung la A
3 Co 4 dung dich rieng biet: CUSO4, ZnCU, FeCl,, AgNO, Nhiing vao m6i dung
djch mot thanh N i So truofng hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa la
=> Co 2 truong hop Dap an diing la C
4 Tid'n hanh 4 thi nghiem sau:
- Thi nghiem 1: Nhung thanh Fe vao dung djch FeCl,
- Thi nghiem 2: Nhiing thanh Fe vao dung djch CUSO4
- Thi nghiem 3: Nhiing thanh Cu vao dung dich FeCl,
- Till' nghiem 4: Cho thanh Fe tiep xiic v6i thanh Cu roi nhiing vao dung djch H Q
So truong hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa la
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
Huong dan gidi
Cac truofng hop xuat hien an mon dien hoa khi thoa man 3 dieu ki6n an mon
dien hoa
- Thi nghiem 1: Chi c6 1 ditn circ (cue Fe)
- Thi nghiem 2: Fe + CUSO4 > C u i + FeS04
Thoa man 3 dieu kien: Co 2 dien cue khae nhau (cue Fe, circ Cu), hai cue n6'i
true tiep vdi nhau, hai dien cue duge nhiing vao mot dung djch chat dien li la
dung djch CUSO4
- Thf nghiem 3: Chi c6 mot dien cue (cue Cu)
- Thf nghiem 4: Thoa man 3 dieu kien an mon dien hoa
Vay CO hai truong hop thoa man xua't hien an mon dien hoa (TN2 va TN4)
Dap an dung la B
5 Co 4 dung djch rieng biet: HCl, CuCK, FeCl,, HCl c6 kin CuCK Nhung vao m6i
dung djch mot thanh Fe nguyen chat So truomg hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa la
A 0 B 1 C 2 D 3
Huong ddn gidi
Cac truong hop thoii man 3 di^u kien an mon dien hoa la:
1 Fe/ dd CuCU : Fe + CuCU > Cu + FeCl
(Cu sinh ra bam vao thanh Fe => thoa man 3 dieu kien an mon di6n hoa)
2 Fe/dd HCl, CuCl,: Tuong tir tren '
Dap an diing la C
6 Cho cac hap kim sau: Cu - Fe (I); Zn - Fe (II); Fe - C (III); Sn - Fe (IV) Khi
tiep xiic vdi dung djch chat dien l i thi cac hop kim ma trong do Fe deu bj an mon trudc la
7 Tien hanh cac thf nghiem sau:
(a) Cho la Fe vao dung djch gom CUSO4 va H.SO4 loang;
L A
(b) Dot day Fe trong binh dung khf O,;
(e) Cho la Cu vao dung djch g6m Fe(NO,), va HNO,;
(d) Cho la Zn vao dung djch HCl
So thf nghiem c6 xay ra an mon dien hoa la •?
=> Chi C O 1 thf nghiem *>ap an dung la A
8 Truong hop nao sau day xay ra an mon dien hoa?
A Soi day bac nhiing trong dung djch H N O ,
B Dot la sat trong khf C I 2
C Thanh nhom nhiing trong dung djch H2S04loang , , ,
D Thanh kern nhiing trong dung djch CUSO4
Huong ddn gidi
De xay ra an mon dien hoa thi pluii dong thai thoa man 3 diSu kien an mon dien
hoa Do do, thanh kern nhiing trong dung djch CUSO4 thi se xay ra an mon dien hoa
Dap an diing la D
43
Trang 13I HUH luiii ;jmiu)i,n i)iiui> f^iui ui mm nui iz — i minn i uuii
9 Neu vat lam bang hap kim Fe - Zn hi an mon dien hoa thl trong qua trinh an mon
A sat dong vai tro catot va ion H * hi oxi hoa
B Sat dong vai tro anot va bj oxi hoa
C K e m dong vai tro catot bj oxi hoa
D K e m dong vai tro anot va bi oxi hoa
Huong dan gidi
Hop kim Fe - Z n bj an mon dien hoa:
Anot (circ - ) : Z n Z n ^ ^ + 2e (bj an mon)
Catot (+, Fe): IHjO + + 4e ^ 4 0 H " (chang ban)
Vay kem dong vai tro anot va bj oxi hoa
D a p a n d u n g l a D
Chii y; Trong pin dien hoa: Cue am (bj an mon) la anot (noi xay ra qua trinh
oxi hoa), cue ducmg la catot (duoc bao ve)
10 C o 5 dung djch rieng biet:
a) HCl, b) CUSO4, c) Fe,(S04),„ d) HCl c6 iSn CuCK, e) ZnS04
Nhiing vao m6i dung djch m6t thanh Fe nguyen chat S6' trucmg hop xua't hifin
an mon di^n hoa la
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Can c\X vao 3 dieu kien an mon dien hoa:
- C o 2 dien cue khac nhau ve ban chat
- Hai dien cue ndi true tiep hoac gian tiep v6i nhau qua day dSn
- Cling duoc nhiing vao mot dung djch chat dien li
Suy ra c6 2 trucmg hop xua't hien an mon dien hoa:
- Fe - CUSO4 : Fe + CUSO4 ¥cSO^ + C u i
- Fe - CUCI2 / H C l : Fe + CUCI2 ^ FeCl2 + C u i
D a p a n d u n g l a D
11 C o 4 dung djch rieng biet: HCl, FeCl,, AgNO,, CUSO4 Nhung vao m6i dung
djch mot thanh Fe nguyen chat So truonig hop xua't hien an mon hoa hoc la
A 4 B 2 C 1 ' D 3 '
Huong ddn gidi
Xua't hien an mon hoa hoc khi c6 xay ra phan ling hoa hoc V I kim loai Fe deu
phan ling duoc vai cac dung djch nay nen dfiu xuat hien an mon hoa hoc:
hoa hoc, sau do xua't hien an mon difin hoa (vi thoa man 3 di^u kifin cua Sn mon
difen hoa)
P a n g 7: Bat tap dien phan
1, Dien phan dung dich CUSO4 vdfi anot bang dong (anot tan) va di6n phan dung djch CUSO4 vdri anot bang graphit (dien cue tro) dau c6 dac di^m chung la:
A 6 catot xay ra sir oxi hoa: 2H2O + 2e -> 2 0 H ~ + H2
B 6 anot xay ra sirkhir: 2 H 2 O - > 0 2 + 4 H ^ + 4 e
C b anot xay ra sir oxi hoa: C u -> C u ^ ^ + 2e
D 6 catot xay ra su khir: Cu^^ + 2 e - » Cu
Huong ddn gidi
Xet 2 qua trinh dien phan dung djch CUSO4:
* Dien phan vdri anot bang dong (cue duong tan):
Catot ( - ) : Cu^^ + 2e ^ Cu (sir khir Cu"" -> Cu) Anot ( + ) : Cu -^Cu^"" + 2e (sir 6xi hoa Cu Cu"")
* Dien phan vdi anot bang graphit (dien cue tra):
Catot ( - ) : Cu^ + 2 e - > C u
Anot ( + ) : 2 H 2 O - > 4 H ^ + O2 + 4e (sir oxi hoa)
=> Dac di^m chung la cf catot xay ra sir khir Cu^"^ + 2e ^ Cu
D a p a n d i i n g l a D
Trang 14Phau loai va pinfcng phcip fjicii BT Hoa hoc 12 -Cii Thanh Toari
3 Hoa tan 13,68 gam muoi MSO4 vao nuac duoc dung dich X Dien phan X (voi
dien circ tro, cuonig do dong dien khong doi) trong thofi gian t giay, dirge y gam
kim loai M duy nha't a catot va 0,035 mol khi a anot Con neu thbi gian dien
phan la 2t giay thi t6ng so mol khi thu dugc a ca hai dien cue la 0,1245 mol Gia
• 2 H + + 0 , 5 0 2 ^ + 2e (0,035.2) ^ 0 , 2 8 ( m o l ) Catot (-): M^+ + 2e-
-b +0,035.2 =0,1245
X a c d i n h M : a = 13,68/(M + 96)
^ 0 , 0 8 5 5 = 13,68/(M + 96) + 96 = 160 ^ M = 64(Cu)
Vay y = 0,07.64 = 4,480(g) Dap an diing la A
4. Tien hanh dien phan (dien cue tro) 200 gam dung dich NaOH 10% den khi dung
dich NaOH trong binh dien phan c6 nong do 25% thi dirng lai Tlie tich khi 0
hai dien cue da thoat ra (6 dktc) la
A 22,4 lit B 168 lit C 224 lit D 112 lit
Huong dan gidi
- Khi dien phan dung dich NaOH thi H^O bi dien phan:
2 H 0 2 H : t + 0 , T
- Khdi luong NaOH khong thay doi (nhung do lugng H.O giam dan nen nong
do NaOH tang dan)
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khani- Viet
200.10
- Khoi luong dung djch sau khi ngirng dien phan: dd'^ S.<>: >:> i
- Khdi luong dung dich bi giam chinh bing khdi lugng H.O bi dien phan:
m (bj dien phan) = 200 - 80 = 1 2 0 (gam)
=> n H20 C'i dien phan) = ^ ^ ( m o l )
- Phuong trinh dien phan: H , 0 > H.T + ^ O.T
5. Khi didn phan NaCl nong chay (dien cue tro), tai catot xay ra
A sir khir ion Na"^ B sir oxi hoa ion CP
C su oxi hoa ion Na* D su khiJr ion CI"
Huong dan gidi
A 1,50 B 3,25 C 1,25 D 2,25
Huong ddn gidi
PTHH: CuS04 + H 2 0 ^ C u i + ^ 0 2 t+H2S04
^o't-a ^ ^o't-a - > 0,5^o't-a ^o't-a i Tacd: 64a + 32.0,5a = 8=^80a = 8 = > a = 0 , l ;
Fe + CUSO4 FeS04 + Cu i
Phan ling b < - b - > b (mol)
Trang 15Phan loai va pliKcfng phdp fiicU BT H6a lux- 12 — Cii Thanh Toan
Chu y: Axit H2SO4 (sinh ra do dien phan dung djch C U S O 4 ) tac dung vdi Fe
7, Dien phan 150ml dung djch AgNO^ I M v6\n circ tro trong t gicf, cuong d6
dong dien khong d6i 2,68A (hieu sua't qua trinh dien phSn la 100%), thu duoc
chat ran X, dung djch Y va khf Z Cho 12,6 gam Fe vao Y, sau khi cac phan utig
ke't thuc thu duoc 14,5 gam h6n hop kim loai va khi N O (san phdm khir duy nha't
cua N''^ ) Gia trj cua t la
A 1,2 B 0,3 C.0,8 D 1,0
Huong dan gidi
Theobaira: n^^^j^Q^ =0,15.1 =0,15mol
Fe + Y -> h6n hop kim loai (=> Ag, Fe du)
=> Trong Y c6 AgNO, (AgNO, chua bj dien phan he't)
Goi X , y Idn luot la so mol AgNO, bi dien phan va s6' mol AgNOj chua bi dien
S Dien phan 100ml dung dich Fe2(S04)3 I M (dien cue tro), vdi cucmg do dong difn I =
2,68A trong th6i gian t gior thl bat ddu c6 khi thoat ra or catot (hieu sua't ciia qua trinh dien phan la 100%) Gia trj cua t la
A 6 B.4 C.2 D 1
Hu&ngddngidi
Theobaira: nFe2(S04)3 =0'^ 1 = 0 - ' ("^oO ' '
Trudc tien: Fe.(S04)3 + H^O 2FeS04 + H.SO4+ - O j
0,1 0,2 0,1 ' Khi Fe2(504)3 het thi tao ra dung djch CO
[H*] = 0,1 2/ 0,1 = 2M, nfin tiep theo se bj khir a catot:
9 Khi dien phan mot dung djch vori dien cue tro, khong mang ngan thi dung djch
sau dien phan c6 pH tang so vdi dung djch truoc khi didn phan Vay dung dich dem dien phan la
A dung dich CUSO4 B dung dich NaQ
C dung djch H2SO4 D dung djch H N O 3
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Phuong trinh didn phan cac dung djch:
* Dung dich CUSO4: CUSO4 + H 2 0 ^ C u + H2S04 +^0^
tang (do sinh ra H2SO4 va the' tich dung djch giam vi H^O bj dien phan) => pH giam
* Dung djch NaCl (khong c6 mang ngan):
2NaCl + 2H2O > 2NaOH + CI2 + H2 ;
CI 2 + 2NaOH-» NaCl + NaClO + H2O NaClO bj thuy phan: ,
NaClO + H2O ?=> NaOH + HCIO
Trang 16riuiii I QUI va pliircfiifi pimp giai HI Hon hoc 12 - Ci'i Thanh Toan
O H tang => p H tang
V i lucmg H i O bi dien phdn nen cang giam
the ti'ch giam =>[H*| tang => pH giiim
* Dung dich HNO,: Tucmg tir H , S 0 4 Dap an diing la B
10 Dien phAn vdi didn circ trof dung dich nao sau day thl pH ciia dung djch khong
thay doi trong qua trinh dien phan?
A CuCK B A g N O , C NaNO, D HCi
Huong dan gidi
- Dung dich CuCK: CuClj -> Cu"^ + 2C\'
Cu^^ + H20<:± C u ( O H f +
' ' C u C l 2 - > Cu i + C I 2 t
=> pH trirdc va sau dien phan thay doi
- Dung dich AgNO,:
4 A g N 0 3 + 2 H 2 O 4 A g + 4 H N O 3 + O2
=> pH thay doi
- Dung dich NaNO,: 2 H 2 O 2H2 + O2
=> pH kh6ng thay d6i
, - Dung dich HCI: 2HCI -> H2 + CI2
=> pH thay doi Rap an diing la C
11 Dien phan dien circ trodung dich chiia 0,2 mol A g N O , vdi cirdng do dong dien
2,68 A, trong thdi gian t gid thu dugc dung dich X (hieu suat qua trinh dien phan
la 100%) Cho 16,8 gam bot Fe vao X tha'y thoat ra khi N O (san phiim khir duy
nhat) va sau cac phan i/ng hoan toan thu dugc 22,7 gam chat rSn Gia trj ciia t la
=> Trong dung dich X cd x mol HNO, va (0,2 - x) mol AgNO,
Gia sir k i m loai Fe het thi chat riin la A g
n^j, = 22,7/108 = 0,21mol > n^p,sj(,^ r=> v6 ly Vay k i m loai Fe con d u
va 0 , 3 - 0 , 5 ( 0 , 2 - x ) - 3 x / 8 = (l,6 + x)/8molFe Theo bai ra, ta cd: (0,2 - x ) 108 +56.(1,6+ x ) / 8 - 2 2 , 7
=> 2 1 , 6 - 1 0 8 x + 11,2 + 7x = 22,7 =^ lOlx - 101 =^ X = 0,1
n'.n.F 0,1.1.96500 x , ^
V a y t = = - =^1,00(h) Dap an dung la B
1.3600 2,68.3600 ^ '
12 Tien hanh dien phan (vdi dien circ tro) V li't dung dich CuCl, 0,5M Khi dirng
dien phan thu dugc dung djch X va 1,68 lit khi CK (dktc) duy nhat d anot Toan
b6 dung dich X tac diing vira dii vdi 12,6 gam Fe Gia tri ciia V la
A 0,45 B 0,80 C.0,60 D.0,15
Huong dan gidi ^
Theobaira: n ^ , = 0,075inol;np, = 0,225mol
CUCI2 -> CU + CI2
0,075 <- 0,075 CuClj + Fe ^ F e C l j + C u 0,225 <-0,225
=>ncuci2 =0,075 +0,225 = 0,3mol
v a y V = ^ = 0,60(1) Dap an dung la C
13 Dien phan dung dich CuCK vdi dien circ tro, sau mot thdi gian thu dugc 0,32
gam Cu d catot va mot lirgng khi X d anot Hap thu hoan toan lugng khf X tren vao 200 m l dung dich NaOH (d nhiet do thudng) Sau phan ung, ndng do NaOH con lai la 0,05M (gia thict the tfch dung dich khdng thay ddi) Ndng do ban dau cua dung dich NaOH la
Trang 17rh(1?i logi vd plfinr/ii^ priap i^iai IJl 11 oa nOC IZ -Lii 1 hanli 1 pan
Cac PTPU' xay ra:
Cuci, ""'^ > cui + a,T ,
0,005 mol ^ 0,005 mol
CI, + 2NaOH > NaCl + NaClO + H^O 0,005 mol -> 0,01 mol
nNnOH<p/u) = 2. nci ^ = 2.0,005 = 0,01 (mol)
= ^ n N a O H (ban diu) = 0,01 + 0,01 = 0,02 (mol)
=^CN,OH (ban ddu) = = 0 , I M *> i.,.-"? > ^„ , ^ Q
14 Dien phan (didn cue trcf) dung djch mu6'i sunfat ciia m6t kim loai hod tri I I vdri
dong dien ciromg d6 3A Sau 1930 giay dien phan tha'y kh6'i lugng catot tang
1,92 gam
a) Viet phuomg trinh hoa hoc ciia phan ling xay ra tai m6i dien cite va phuong
trinh hoa hoc chung cua sir dien phan
b) Xac dinh ten kim loai
Huong dan gidi
a) Tai catot (-): M"^ + 2e ^ M i
Tai anot (+): 2H2O 4H+ + + 4e
PTHH cua phan ixng dien phan:
Dang 8: Bai tap dien phan h6n hop
1 Dien phan 200 ml mot dung djch c6 chila 2 mu6'i la Cu(N03)2 va AgNO, v6i
ciromg do dong dien la 0,402A den khi hot khi bat dau thoat ra a catot thi ma't
thori gian la 4 gicK, khi do khoi luong cue am tang them 3,44 gam
Ndng do mol cua AgNO, trong dung dich ban ddu la
A O I M B.0,15M C.0,2M D 0,05M
' Huong dan gidi
Thii tu cac qua trinh xay ra a catot:
CO khi thoat ra 0 catot (cue am) thi H2O bi dien phan:
2H2O + 2e > 2 0 H ' + H j t , khi H.O phong difn thi A g \* da phong dienhet ' ' Theo bai ra, ta c6: 180x + 64y = 3,44 (1) T6ng s6' electron da tham gia trao d6i 0 catot: i M
^ I.t 0,402.4.3600 ^ ,^ ,
F 96500 ' ' Dodo: lx + 2y = 0,06 i i (2)
T i r ( l , 2) t a c 6 : x = 0,02, y = 0,02 0 ^ | j s , ; i O
0,02 0,2
2 Di6n phan dung djch h6n hop g6m 0,1 mol FeC^, 0,2 mol C u C l 2 v a 0,1 mol
HCl (dien cue tro) Khi o catot bat dSu thoat khi thi a anot thu dugc V lit khi
(dktc) Biet hieu sud't ciia qua trinh dien phan la 100% Gia tri ciia V la
A 5,60 B 11,20 C 22,40 ,D 4,48 , i |' i )
Huong ddn gidi
catot (cue am) chua c6 khi thoat ra thi chi c6 FeCl^ va CUCI2 bi dien phan:
FeClj > F e C l 2 + ^ C l 2 T
0,1 ^ 0,05
CUCI2 > Cu + CI2 t
0,2 ^ 0,2 Khi thu duoc b anot la CI2: n^-^^ = 0,05 + 0,2 = 0,25mol '»*'
Trang 183 Dien phan (dien circ tio, khong mang ngan, hieu sufl't 100%) dung dich chita 0,15
mol Cu(NO,)2 va 0,1 mol Fe(NO,), bang dong dien c6 circmg d6 lOẠ Khoi
luong catot tang len sau 5790 giay dien phan la
Ạ 9,6 gam B 9,8 gam C 15,2 gam D 15,4 gam
Chíi v: - Ion H " bj khir tru6c ion Fe""
- H* dirge sinh ra do sir oxi hoa H 2 O b anot:
2 H 2 O ^ AH^ + O2 + 4e
- S6' mol electron trao doi: n, = It / F
4 Dicn phan dung dich h6n hofp chiia 0,1 mol FeCl,; 0,2 mol CuCK va 0,1 mol HCl
(dicn circ tr0, mang ngan xop) K h i a catot biit dfiu siii hot khi thi dirng dien
phan Neu k i m loai thoat ra bam hoan toan vao catot thi tai thai diem nay khoi
luong catot da tang len
Ạ 12,8 gam B 5,6 gam C 18,4 gam D 2,0 gam
Huong đn gidi
Trat tir trong day dien hoa: Fế^/Fe; H ^ / H 2 ; Cu^^/Cu; Fe-^^/Fê"^
De catot chua c6 k h f thoat ra th) phai chua bj dien phan, do do Fé^ va Cú* bi
v a y mc„ = m,,,„, ,„„y, = 0,2 64= 12,8 gam D a p a n diing la Ạ
5 Dien phan v6i dien cue tra (hieu suat 100%) dung djch chua d6ng thai 0,04 mol
Fe(NO,)3 va 0,02 mol H N O , vdfi cucnig do dong dien 1 Ạ Sau 48 phiit 15 giay thi
ngtrng dien phan De yen blnh dien phan de cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan thi thu duoc 200 ml dung dich c6 pH la
Ạ 2 B 0,15 C 1,3 D 0,6
Huong đn gidi
Thcri gian dien phan: 48 phut 15 giay = 2895 (s)
Thu tu trong day dien hoa: F e ' V F e ; H V H 2 ; Fé^VFe"^
N6n chat bi dien pluui trirdc tien se la:
6 Dien phan 200ml dung dich chiia dong thai A g N O , I M va Cu(NO,): 2 M trong
thofi gian 48 phiit 15 giay, vdi cuang do dong dien 10 ampe (dien cue tro, hieu suat dien phan la 100%) Siiu dicn phan de yen binh dicn phan cho ciic phan u n g xay ra hoan toan thu duoc V lít khi N O (san phdm khu duy nhat, dktc) Gia trj cua V la
Trang 19Suy ra: Sau khi ngimg dien phan c6:
0,2mol A g ; 0,05mol Cu;
7 Tien hanh dien phan 200 ml dung djch X g6m HCl 0,6M va CUSO4 I M \6\
cuomg do dong dien I = 2,68 ampe trong thdi gian 2 gior (dien cue tro, c6 mang
ngan, hieu sua't dien phan 100%) The ti'ch khi thoat ra b anot ( 0 dktc) la
A 1,792 lit B 2,688 lit C 2,24 1ft D 1,344 lit
Hu&ng dan gidi Theo bai ra: nHci = 0,12 mol; n^^^^ = 0,2mol ,/ ()
6 anot (cue duong):
0,12
-Sau d o (CO the' c6): 2H2O - 4e
0,06 (mol) 4H* + O , T (2)
• n n.F
Thdi gian dd oxi hod het ion CP: t, = 0,12.1.96500
I 2,68
=4320(giay) = l,2(gic0
Vi t, = 1,2 (gior) < 2(gi6r) => c6 (2) xay ra
Thdi gian oxi hoa H^O (xay ra qua trinh (2))
g Cho sua't dien dong chuan ciaa cac pin dien hoa:
E°Ni-x)=0,40V;E|'Y_Ni)=0,50V;E|^Ni-Z) =•''76 ( X , Y , Z l a cac k i m loai khac sat) Khi didn phan dung dich h6n hop mu6'i clorua tao ra tCr cac kim loai X, Y,
Z N i thi thii tir thu dugc cac kim loai a catot la
A Z , X , N i , Y B X , Y , N i , Z C Z, N i , X, Y D Y, X, N i , Z
Huong ddn gidi
Ti'nh khir cac kim loai tang ddn theo trat tir: Z < X < N i < Y
Do do, thu" tu thu dugc cac kim loai a catot khi dien phan la Z, X, N i , Y
D a p a n d u n g l a A
9, Tien hanh dien phan dung dich 500ml h6n hgp AgNO,; Cu(N03),; Fe(NO,),,; Pb(N03)2 ( cac cha't c6 cung nong do 0,2M) biing dong dien c6 cuong do 9,65A
£>i thu dugc 560ml khi thoat ra 6 catot thi can thcfi gian dien phan la (the ti'ch
khi do or dktc, ditn cue tro, hieu sua't di6n phan 100%)
2H^ + 2e ^ H2 t (khi thoat ra a catot)
0,05<-0,025 mol (H* dugc sinh ra do qua trinh oxi hoa H^O d anot:
Trang 2010 D i e n philn c 6 m a n g ngan 5 0 0 m l d u n g d j c h chiia h 6 n hop g o m C u C U 0 , 1 M va
N a C l 0 , 5 M (dien circ t r o , hieu suat dien phan 100%) v6\g d o d o n g dien 5 A
t r o n g 3 8 6 0 giay D u n g djch thu dirge sau dien phan eo k h a nang hoa tan m gam
A l G i a trj Ion nhat cua m la
A 5,40 B 1,35 C 2,70 D 4,05
Huong dan gidi
T h e o bai ra: n c c , , = 0,5 0.1 = 0,05 ( m o l )
n^aci = 0,5 0,5 = 0,25 (mol)
D e khir het i o n C u " * t h l thcji gian dien phan can:
(Cu-* + 2e > C u i , day la qua t r i n h khir xay ra dau tien)
A l + O H - i - 3 H : 0 > | A l ( O H ) J + | H
0,1 < - 0 , l ( m o l )
V a y m = m^i = 0 , 1 27 = 2,70 ( g a m ) D a p a n diing la C
1 1 D i e n phan d u n g d j c h g o m 7,45 g a m K C I va 28,2 g a m C u ( N O , ) , (dien cue tro,
m a n g ngan xop) den k h i k h o i l u g n g d u n g d j c h g i a m d i 10,75 g a m t h i ngirng
dien phan (gia thiet lirgng nirdrc bay h o i k h o n g dang ke) Tat ea cac cha't tan
t r o n g d u n g d j c h sau dien phan la
=>Cu^^ chua bj d i c n phan het, do do trong d u n g djch sau dien phan c6 C U ( N 0 3 ) ^
K h i C r bj dien phan het t h i : ' ' " '
12 D i e n phan 20()ml d u n g d j c h li6n hgji g o m N a C I 0 , 5 M va C u ( N O , ) : 0 , 7 5 M (dicn
cue t r o , CO m a n g ngan) den k h i k h o i lirgng d u n g d j c h g i a m 1 1,65 g a m t h i dirng
lai D u n g d j c h tini dirge sau d i c n phan ehira cac chat tan la
V I m , , , , „ „ + m , , , „ ,„„ = 6,75 + 8 = 14,75g (> 11,65 g a m ) ^ Q r * chua b, dien phan het ( C f da bj d i c n plnui het)
V a y d u n g d j c h t h u dugc chua chat tan: C u ( N O , ) , ; H N O , ; N a N O ,
, D a p a n diing la 15
59
Trang 21an loai vii phifcfng phcip gidi Bl Hon hoc 12 — Cii Thanh Toan
Dang 9: Bai tap dien phan h6n hop C U S O 4 + NaCl
1 Dien phan dung dich chiia a mo! C U S O 4 va b mol NaCl (vdi dien cue tro, c6
mang ngan xop) De dung dich sau dien phan lam phenolphtalein chuyen sang
mau h6ng thi dieu kien ciia a va b la (bid't ion S O 4 " ' khong bj difin phan trong
dung dich)
A 2b = a B b < 2a C b = 2a D b > 2a
Huong dan gidi
Phuong trinh difin phan:
CUSO4 + 2NaCl -> Cu i + CI2 t + Na2S04
a(mol) 2a(mol) • - i
£>i dung djch sau di6n phan lam phenolphtalein chuyen sang mau h6ng thi NaC!
phai du trong qua trinh tren, do do dung djch NaCl bj dien phan sinh ra NaOH:
2NaCl + 2H3O -> 2NaOH + CK +
Do do b > 2a Dap an dung la D
2 Dien phan vdi dien circ tro, mang ngan xdp h6n hop dung djch gdm 2a mol NaCl
va a mol C U S O 4 , den khi catot xua't hien bot khi thi ngirng dien phan Trong qua
trinh dien phan tren, khi sinh ra a anot la
A CI B CUvaO C H , D O
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Phuong trinh dien phan:
CUSO4 + 2NaCl ^ Cui + CI2 T + Na2S04
a (mol) 2a (mol) catot anot
3 Dien phan (vdri dien cue tra) mot dung dich gom NaCl va C U S O 4 cd cung sd mol,
den khi 0 catot xua't hien bot khi thi dumg di6n phan Trong ca qua trinh didn
phan tren, san phsim thu duoc d anot la
Do do, san pham thu duoc d anot gdm khi CK va khi O Dap an dung la C
1 Dien phan 2 lit dung dich hdn hop gdm NaCl va C U S O 4 den khi H.O bj dien phan d hai circ thi dirng lai, tai catot thu 1,28 gam kim loai va anot thu 0,336 lit khi (d dieu kien tieu chudn) Coi the tich dung dich khdng ddi thi pH cua dung dich thu duoc bang
A 12 B 13 C.2 D 3
Huong ddn gidi
Kim loai thu duoc d catot la Cu: n^u = 1,28/64 = 0,02(mol)
Sd mol khi thu duoc d anot: =0,336/22,4 = 0,015(mol)
6 catot (-):
6 anot (+):
Cu^* + 0,04 <-
2e Cu 4 0,02 (mol)
Gia su toan bd khi d anot la CI, thi n, (nhudng) = 0,015 2 = 0,03 (mol) < n, (Cu
nhan) = 0,04 (mol)
Do dd 0 catot, H.O chua bj khir
d anot, C r va H.O bi oxi hoa. , sEi'/f
Goi X, y \in luot la sd mol Cl2,02 trong khi thu duoc d anot
x + y = 0,015 2x + 4y = 0,04
Ta co:
Trang 22PIHIII loai va p/ii/an}' phap i>idi BT H6a hoc 12 - Ci) Thanh Todii
Giairadugc: x = 0 , 0 1 : y = 0,005
=4y = 4.0,005 =0,02 (mol)
= 0,02/2 = 0,01 = 10""M
Vay pH = - l g [ H ' ] = - l g ( K r 2 j ^ 2 Dap an diing la C
5 Dien phan (dien circ tro) dung dich X chiia 0,2 mol CUSO4 va 0,12 mol NaCl
bang dong dien c6 cuong do 2A The ti'ch khf (dktc) thoat ra 0 anot sau
9650 giay dien phan la
A 1,792 lit B 2,240 lit C 1,344 lit D 2,912 lit
Huong dan gicii
Cac qua trinh xay ra a anot (+):
Tnroc tien: 2Cr -2e >CK t
0,12->0,12^ 0,06 (mol)
l_
2
X (mol) Sau do: H , 0 - 2 e ) 2 H ^ + - 0 , t
Ta co: — = nci2 -2 + no, 4
Dang 9: Bai tap dieu che kim loai
1 Nguyen tdc chung duoc dung de di6u che kim loai la:
A Cho hop chat chiia ion kim loai tac dung voi cha't oxi hoa
J B Cho horp chat chiia ion kim loai tac dung v6i chat khir
C Khii ion kim loai trong hop chat thanh nguyen tir kim loai
D Oxi hoa ion kim loai trong hop chat thanh nguyen tir kim loai
Huong dan gidi
Nguyen tdc chung de dieu che kim loai:
11+
M + ne
Ion kim loai
M nguyen tir kim loai
Khir ion kim loai trong hop chat thanh nguyen tir kim loai Dap an diing la C
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khan^ ViJt
2 Trong phirong phap thuy luyen dung de dl^u che Ag tir quang c6 chiia Ag,S, can
dung them
A dung dich HNO, dac va Zn
B dung djch NaCN va Zn • ' 4 • '
C dung dich H:S04 dac, nong va Zn. '•unrmA ,1^'
D dung dich HCl dac va Zn j^j^,
Huong dan gidi
Cac PTPU'xay ra:
Ag.S +4NaCN,a,, > 2Na|Ag(CN),l + Na,S
Zn + 2Na[Ag(CN),|,,„ > 2Ag + Na, IZn(CN)J
Vay can dung them dung dich NaCN va Zn Dap an diing la B
3 Tir 0,1 mol Ag^S, nguoi ta di^u che kim loai bac bang phirong phap udt can vira
dii V ml dung dich NaCN I M va m gam Zn (cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan) Gia tri cua V va m Ian lunt la
A 400 va 6,5 B 200 va 6,5 C 400 va 13,0 D 200 va 13,0
Dap an dung la A
4 Day gom cac kim loai dugc d\6u che trong cong nghiep bang phirong phap dien
phan hop cha't nong chay ciia chung la
A Na, Ca, Zn B Na, Cu, A l C Na, Ca, A l D Fe, Ca, Al
Huong dan gidi
Trong cong nghiep, phuoiig phap dien phan nong chay dugc ap dung de di^u che
cac kim loai manh (truoc A l va Al) nhu Na, Ca, Al,
NaCl ) N a + i - C l t
CaCl, ) Ca + C K t
2A1:03 > 4A1 + 3 0 , t
Dap an diing la C
5 Day cac kim loai deu c6 the dugc dieu che' biing phuong phap dien phan dung
dich muoi cua chiing la
A Ba, Ag, Au B Fe, Cu, Ag C A l , Fe, Cr D Mg, Zn, Cu
Huong dan gidi
Cac kim loai c6 tinh khir trung binh va yen c6 the dieu che bang phuong phap dien phan dung djch muoi chung
Cac kim loai do c6 the la Fe, Cu, Ag Dap an dung la H 6- Hai kim loai c6 the dugc diSu che bang phirong phap dien phan dung djch la
A C u v a A g B A l v a M g C Na va Fe D Mg va Zn
Huong dan gidi
Cac kim loai Cu, Ag c6 the dieu che bang phuong phap dien phan dung dich:
Trang 23Cac kim loai c6 tmh khir trung binh hoac yeu (sau A l trong day dien hoa) c6 the
d i l u c\\€ bang phuong phap thiiy luyen => K i m loai Cu
D a p a n d u n g l a 1)
8 Day cac k i m loai d^u c6 thd' duoc di^u ch6' bang phuong phap di6n phan dung
dich mudi (vdi dien cue tro) la
A L i , A g , Sn B N i , Cu, A g C Ca, Zn, Cu D A l , Fe, Cr
Huong ddn gidi
Cac kim loai trung binh va y6'u (sau A l ) c6 the duoc d i l u che bang phuong phap
dien phan dung djch mudi => cac k i m loai la N i , Cu, A g
D a p a n d u n g l a B
Chii y: Cac kim loai manh nhu L i , Ca, A l , khdng the dieu che bang phuong
phap dien phan dung dich
9 Nhom k i m loai nao sau day ma khi di^u ch6' chi duoc dung phuong phap dien
phan nong chay?
A.Na,Fe,Al,Cu B.Na,Ca,Mg,Al C.K,Al,Cr,Cu D.Fe,Cr,Cu,Sn
Huong ddn gidi
Cac kim loai manh (nhom l A , I I A , A l , ) chi duoc dieu che bang phuong phap
dien phan nong chay => Cac kim loai do la Na, Ca, M g , A l
D a p a n d u n g l a B
10 Tir hdn hop M g O , CuO, AUO, de diau che cac kim loai tucfng ling, ngoai cac
hoa chat, cin diing thfim cac phuong phap di6u che kim loai la
A nhiet luydn va dien phan dung dich
B nhiet luyen va di6n phan nong chay
C nhidt luy6n va thuy luyen
D thuy luydn va dien phan dung dich
Hu&ng ddn gidi
+ Di^u che Cu bang phuong phap nhiet luyen
Miilmuhn ,0
CuO + CO — ^ Cu + CO, + Di^u che M g , A l (kim loai manh) bang phuong phap di6n phan nong chay:
Phuong phap thuy luyen va phuong phap dung kim loai c6 ti'nh khuf manh hon
ddy kim loai ya'u hon ra khoi dung djch hop chat
T h i d u : 2Na[Ag(CN)2] + Z n — ^ 2 A g 4 + Na2Zn(CN)4
,, I D a p a n diing l a C
13 Phan ling hoa hoc nao sau day la sai?
A 2Ag:S + 3 0 , — ^ 2 A g 2 0 + 2S02 ' '
B SiO, + Na,CO, —!—> Na^SiO,, + CO,
C 3Fe,0, + CO — ^ 2Fe,04 + CO,
Trang 24Plidn loai va phiranij p/icip j-'uii BT Hoa hoc 12 -Cu Thanh Toon
14 Khi nung 23,2 gam sunfua ciia mot kim loai hoa tri I I trong khong khf, roi lam
ngu6i san phiiim thu dugc m6t chat long va mot chat khi Lirong san phaim khf
nay lam mA't mau dung djch c6 chiia
C 38,1 gam iot D 50,8 gam iot
Huang dan gidi
Khi nung sunfua kim loai trong khong khi:
MS,,, + 0,,k, > M,0«,, + SO:,k,
oxit kim loai
=> Loai trucmg hop nay \i oxit kim loai la chtft ran
15 Cho lu6ng khi H , (du) qua h6n hop cac oxit CuO, Fe^Oj, ZnO, MgO nung a
nhiet do cao Sau phan ling h6n hop rdn con lai la
A Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg B Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO
C Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO D Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO
Huong dan gidi
Khi H , , 6 nhiet do cao khir duoc cac oxit ciia cac kim loai yeu (CuO), kim loai
trung binh (sau Zn, nhu Fe^O,):
MgO + H , > khong xay ra (van con MgO)
Sau phan ung, trong chat rdn c6 Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO
Dap an dung la C
Cly TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet
16 Cho luong khf H , (du) di qua ong chiia dong thcJi 0,1 mol m6i chat sau day dot nong : MgO, Fe,04, A1,0, va ZnO Sau khi cac phan ung xay ra hoan toan, dan toan bo khi va hoi thu dugc qua binh dung 100 gam dung djch H2S0498% (cho rang H , du khong phan ling vdi H,vS04 dac, hoi nudrc bi ha'p thu het) Nong d6 %
ciia dung djch H 2 S O 4 thu dugc la
A 85,66% B 91,42% C 84,34% D 89,9%
Huong dan gidi
Theo bai ra: n^^^sl.^^ = 98(gam)
17 Tien lanh cac thi nghiem sau: ,
(1) CI o Zn vao dung djch AgNO,; (2) Cho Fe vao dung djch Fe,(S04),;
(3) C\ Na vao dung djch C U S O 4 ; (4) Dan khi CO (du) qua bot CuO nong
Cac thi nghiem c6 tao thanh kim loai la
(4) CO + CuO^>Cu + C02
Dap an dung la B
18 Tliuc hidn cac thi nghidm sau: ,
(a) Nhiet phan AgNOi I ' ^ ^ i ' (b) Nung FeS, trong khong khi , ' (c) Nhiet phan KNO,
(d) Cho dung djch C U S O 4 vao dung djch NH, (du) , (e) Cho Fe vao dung djch C U S O 4
(g) Cho Zn vao dung djch FeCl., (du)
(h) Nung Ag,S trong kh6ng khi (i) Cho Ba vao dung djch C U S O 4 (du)
Trang 25Phdn loai va p/iirf/iii^ pliap i^icii BT Hoa hoc 12 -Cu Thanh Toan
S6' thi nghifim thu dirpc kim loai sau khi cac phan ling ket thiic la
Huong dan gidi
PTHH xay ra khi thirc hifin thi nghiem:
CUSO4 + 6 N H 3 + 2 H 2 O ^ [Cu ( N H 3 )4 ](OH)2 + ( N H 4 \4
Fe + CUSO4 FeS04 +Cui
Zn + 2FeCl3 (du) -> 2FeCl2 + ZnClj
AgjS + O2 -> 2Ag i +SO2
Ba + CUSO4 + 2 H 2 O - > C U ( 0 H ) 2 + BaS04 + H2
Dap an diing la B
19 Trucmg hofp nao sau day tao ra kim loai?
A D6't FeSj trong oxi du
B Nung h6n hofp quang apatit, da xa van va than coc trong 16 dung
C D6't A g 2 S trong oxi du
D Nung h6n hop quang photphorit, cat va than c6'c trong 16 dien
Huong dan gidi
PTHH cac phan iJng xay ra: 4 F e S 2 + 1 IO2 -> 2Fe203 + 8SO2
Quang apatit + da xa van + than c6'c phan lan nung chay
A g 2 S + O2 -» 2Ag + SO2
Ca3 (PO4 )^ + 3Si02 + 5C -> 2P + 3CaSi03 + SCO
=> Truong hop tao ra kim loai la C Dap an dung la C
20 Cho cac chat: CuCO,, dung dich NaOH, dung djch HCl, CO Cac hoa chat toi
thieu cdn dung de dieu che Cu bang phuong phap nhiet luyen la
A CuCOj va dung dich HCl B CuCO, va CO
C.CuCOj D CuCO,, HCl, NaOH va CO
Huong dan gidi
PTHH: C U C O 3 — ^ CuO + C O 2
CuO + CO- -^Cu + CO
Dap an dung la B
21 Khir hoan toan m gam oxit M,Oy cdn vCra dii 17,92 lit khi CO (dktc), thu dugc a
gam kim loai M Hoa tan het a gam M bang dung dich H 2 S O 4 dac nong (du), thu dugc 20,16 lit khi SO, (san pham khu duy nhat, 6 dktc) Oxit M.Oj, la
FeO B CrO D Cr,0, D Fe,04
Huong dan gidi ,;
Theobai ra: n^-Q = O,8mol;n<5(^2 =0,9mol
- VI Hf-o ^ nso2 => ^^'"1 •o'J' ^ ^^^y (trong oxit c 6 so' oxi hoa tha'p, trong muoi sunfat c6 s6' oxit hoa cao)
- Neu trong oxit, so oxi hoa ciia M la +2, trong mu6'i sunfat len +3 thi khi
nco = Tiol thi n<^2 = ^-npo = l,2mol
Nhung theo bai ra n^^j^ = 0,9 < 1,2 => Chi mot phdn kim loai M thay doi s6' oxi
hoa Vay oxit phCi hgp la Fe,04
Dap an diing la D
22 Khu hoan toan 6,4 gam M,Oy can 2,688 lit CO, lugng kim loai thu dugc cho tac
dung hoan toan \6\g djch HCl du sinh ra 1,792 lit H, Bie't cac ihi ti'ch khi deu do a dktc, vay M.Oj, la
Hu&ng dan gidi
- V i Vf-o ^ ^ loai A (ZnO); B (FeO)
- V i = 1,5.VH^ => oxit la F e A - That vay:
Fe203 + 3C0 > 2Fe + 3 C O 2
2(Fe + 2HCl >FeCl2 + H 2
Dap an dung la D
Dang 10: Bai tap tdng hcrp
1 Phan u-ng dien phan dung djch CuCU (vdi dien cue trcr) va phan umg an m6n dien
hoa xay ra khi nhung hgp kim Zn - Cu vao dung djch HCl c 6 dac diem la
A Phan ling 6 cue am c6 sir tham gia ciia kim loai hoac ion kim loai
B Phan ling xay ra luon kem theo sir phat sinh d6ng dien
C Deu sinh ra Cu b cue am , ^ , „
D Phan ling a circ duomg deu la sir oxi hoa CI" , „}, , „
Huong dan gidi
* Qua trinh dien phan (tieu ton dien nang) dung djch CuCU (dien cue tra):
Cue (-): Cu^^ + 2e > Cu (khu)
Cuc(+): 2 C r - 2 e >Cl2 (oxi hoa)
69
Trang 26* Pin dien hoa (phat sinh dong dien) Z n - Cu/ H C l :
A phan ufng o x i hoa - khir xiiy ra o c a c dien circ
B chuyen nang lirong hoii hoc thanh dien nang
C cac phan ung d6u tir xay ra
D xay ra a cac dien cue nho dong dien m6t chieu
Huong dan gidi
Phan ling hoa hoc didn ra trong pin dien hoa va trong binh dien phftn eo diem
chung la phan umg oxi hoa - khijr xay ra 6 cac dien cue
Y)ap an dung la A
3 Cho bon h6n hop, m6i h6n hop gom hai chat rdn c6 s6' mol bang nhau: Na^O va
A 1 , 0 , ; Cu va FeCl,; BaCU va C U S O 4 ; Ba va N a H C O j So h6n hop eo the' tan
hoan toan trong nude (dir) chi tao ra dung dich la
Suy ra, h6n hop nay tac dung vira du, tao ra dung dich
- H6n hop Cu (x mol) va FeCl, (x mol):
Cu + 2FeCl, > 2FeCK + CuCl,
-Tao ra ket tua BaCO,
Vay chi CO 1 h6n hop (Na^O/ AKO,) hoa tan trong nude tao ra dung djch
D a p an diing la C
Ciii dung m6t thuoc thu phan biet cac kim loai sau: M g , Zn, Fe, Ba?
A Dung dich NaOH ; B Dung dich H,S04 loang ">
C Dung dich H C l D Nude M :
Huong ddn gidi
Chon thu6'c thir la dung djch H 2 S O 4 loang thi each nhAn biet don gian nha't:
- Trich cac mau thu
- Cho dung djch H 2 S O 4 vao cae mSu thu + MSu tao ra ket tua la Ba:
Ba + H 2 S O 4 - > BaS04 i f H j T
Ba + 2 H , 0 - > B a ( O H ) ^ + H2 t
(Loc tach ket tua duge dung dich B a ( 0 H) 2 )
+ Cac m3u con lai khong tao ra k6't tiia (duge cac dung dich muoi sunfat)
M g + H 2 S O 4 ^ M g S 0 4 + H2
Zn + H 2 S O 4 ZnS04 + H j
Fe + H 2 S 0 4 - > F e S 0 4+ H 2
- Cho tir tir dung djch Ba(OH)2 tdi du vao cac dung djch muoi thu duge:
+ MSu tao ra k6't tua, sau do tan, bdt m6t phan => MSu ban ddu chua Z n
B a ( O H)2 +ZnS04 - > BaS04 i + Z n ( 0 H ) 2 i
B a ( O H)2 + Z n ( O H ) 2 ->Ba + M 3 u tao ra ket tua trSng xen Ian trdng xanh => MSu ban dau chiia Fe: j
B a ( O H)2 + FeS04 ^ F e ( 0 H ) 2 i + BaS04 i
Trdng xanh trdng + MSu chi tao ra k6t tiia trdng => mdu ban dau ehua M g
Trang 273Fe + 4 H 2 0 ( h ) — ^ F e 3 0 4 ( d e n ) +4H2
5 Kim loai M c6 the' diroc di^u che' bang each khir ion ciia no trong oxit bai khi
a nhiet d6 cao Mat khac, kim loai M khir duoc ion H * trong dung djch axit
loang thanh H , K i m loai M la
A Fe B M g C Cu D A l
Huong dan gidi
Kim loai M la Fe: H2 + FeO > Fe + H j O
Fe + 2H+ >Fe2^ + H2
Dap an dung la A
6 Day g6m cac kim loai d^u tac dung v6i n\x6c a nhiet d6 thucmg tao ra cac dung
dich CO m6i truorng ki€m la
A F e , K , C a B Zn, Na, Ba C L i , K, Ba D Be, Na, Ca
Huong dan gidi
Cac kim loai nhom l A ( L i , Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) va m6t s6' kim loai nhom I I A (Ca,
Sr, Ba) tac dung dirge vdi H^O a d'liu kien thucnig tao ra dung djch kidm:
Li + H , 0 ^ LiOH + - H ,
Li + H.O -> K O H + - H ,
2 ^
Ba + 2H2O -> Ba(OH), +
=> Cac kim loai do c6 the la L i , K va Ba Dap an dung la C
7 Nguyen t6' R tao dugc oxit cao nha't c6 kh6'i lugng phan tif la lOOu Nhan xet nao
sau day khong dung?
A R la nguyen t6' nhom B
B R dirge difiu che chii yeu theo phirong phap nhidt luydn
C Cac hidroxit ciia R la hidroxit luong ti'nh
D Nguyen tir R o trang thai 1 bin virng c6 6 electron d6c than
Huong dan gidi
Oxit do la CrO, => R la kim loai Cr Do do:
- R la nguyen t6' nhom B (nhom V I B)
- PTPLT dieu che R: Cr203 + 2A1 > 2Cr + AI2O3
(Phuomg phap nhiet luyen: phuomg phap nhiet nh6m)
- Ti'nh chat axit - baza ciia hidroxit:
+ Cr(OH),: Co ti'nh baza
+ Cr(OH)3: Co ti'nh luomg ti'nh
+ Cr02(OH)2 (H3Cr04, ) : Co ti'nh axit
- Cr (Z = 24) : [Ar] 3d'4s' (Co 6 electron doc than)
Dap an dung la C
Nhan xet nao sau day khong dung?
A Khi pin dien hod boat dgng, a c&u mu6'i: ion duang chuyd'n djch ve anot, ion
am chuyen v^ eatot i n ' '
B Cu, Fe, N i la nhom kim loai c6 the' d\iu che dugc theo ca ba phirong phap:
thuy luyen, nhiet luyen, dien phan
C Sir khac nhau ve ban chat giSa an mon hod hoc va an mon dien hod la cdch djch chuyin electron tir kim loai an mon sang m6i trucmg
D De lam giam nhiet do nong chay ciia A L O j , khi dien phdn nong chay A L O , nguori ta cho them SNaF.AlF, vao
Hu&ng dan gidi
Vai tro ciia edu muoi la trung hoa dien tich nen ion duong di chuye'n catot
A A l v a F e B A l va Ag C Cu va A g D Zn va Fe
Huong dan gidi
Suy ra trong X c6 1 kim loai tac dung vdi H2SO4 loang (dung tru6c H trong day dien hoa) va 1 kim loai khong tde dung vori H2SO4 loang (dumg sau H)
=>H6n hgp X c6 the la A l va Ag:
2 A l + 3H2S04(l)^Al2(S04)3+3H2 '
A g + H2S04(l)-> khong xayra Dap an dung la B
Chii v; - Cdc kim loai Fe, Zn, deu tac dung voi H2SO4 loang:
Fe + H2S04(l)>FeS04 + H2 ' v
-Zn + H 2 S 0 4 ( l ) ^ Z n S 0 4 + H2 ' ^
- Cac kim loai Cu, Ag, khdng tac dung v6i H2SO4 loang
10 Cho 200 ml dung djch AgNO., 2,5x mol/ 1 tac dung vai 200 ml dung djch
Fe(NO.,)2 X mol / 1 Sau khi phan ufng ket thiic thu dugc 17,28 gam chat ran va
dung djch X Cho dung djch HCl du vao dung djch X thu dirge m (gam) ket tua
Gid trj ciia m la
A 34,44 B 28,7 C 40,18 w^-J', D 43,05 '
Trang 28Phan loai va pliiran^j plulp nicii HI Hoa lioc 1^ -Cii I luinli 1 aan
Huong ddn gidi Theobai ra: n^j^No, = 0 , 5 x ( m o l ) ; ^p.^^o^)^ = 0 , 2 x ( m o l )
Chat ran thu duorc la A g => n^g = 17,28/108 = 0,16(mol)
11 Cho cac chat rrin: Cu, Fe, Ba Ian luot vao m6i dung djch CUSO4, FeCl, So phan
ling hoa hoc xay ra la (m6i phan i^ng chi tinh mot Idn)
A 7 B 4 C 5 D 6
Huong ddn gidi
Cac PlTHH CO the xay ra:
1 Cu + 2FeCl, > CuCl + 2FeCl2
2 Fe + CUSO4 > FeS04 + Cu
3 Fe + 2FeCl3 > 3FeCl2
4 Ba + 2 H , 0 > Ba(OH), + H ,
5 Ba(OH), + CUSO4 > BaS04 + Cu(OH),
6. 3Ba(OH), + 2FeCl, > 2Fe(0H), + 3 B a a ,
•^^^ 7 |H] + F e C l , > FeCK + HCl
Dap an dung la A
12 Khang djnh diing la:
A Nguyen tac chung de' dieu che kim loai la oxi hoa ion kim loai thanh kim loai
B Trong sir dien phan a catot xay ra sir oxi hoa, a anot xay ra sir khijf
C Trong pin didn hoa 6 catot la noi xay ra sir khir, con a anot la noi xay ra sir
oxi hoa
D Khi hai kim loai tiep xiic \6\u thi kim loai yd'u hon se bi an mon dien hoa
Hu&ng ddn gidi
- Nguyen tac chung dieu che kim loai: M " ^ + ne > M (khir ion kim loai)
- Sir dien phan:
+ Catot (-): xay ra sir khir + Anot (+): xay ra sir oxi hoa
- Pin dien hoa: , , + Catot (+): xay ra sir khir " ' • T ' + Anot (-): Xay ra su oxi hoa
- N6'u dii dieu kien an mon dien hoa thi kim loai manh hon se bj an mon (oxi hoa) Khang dinh diing la C
=> A g N O , con dir (0,4 + 0,2 < 0,7) K6t tiia thu duoc gom: 0,4 mol AgCl va 0,2 mol A g
=>Kh6i lirgng ket tua: m,,, =0,4.143,5 + 0,2.108 = 79,0(g)
l l l i tTIi.J! /'SSi!
75
Trang 29Phdn loai va phUcrnf^ phdp f>idi nhanh BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cu Thanh Todn
1 Tinh chat vat h'
- Tat ca cac kim loai kiem ddu c6 mang tinh the lap phiKing tarn khoi
- K i m loai k i l m c6:
+ Khoi luong rieng nho
+ Nhifit d6 nong chay (<200''C), nhiet do soi tha'p
+ Do Cling tha'p
2 Tinh chat hoa hoc
- Cac kim loai kiem c6 tinh khir manh, tinh khir tang ddn tir L i dfi'n Cs
- Cac kim loai ki6m chay cho ngon lira c6 mau dac trung:
+ Liti cho ngon lira do son
+ Natri cho ngon lijfa mau vang
+ Kali cho ngon lira mau tim nhat
- Phan ung v6i nxxac: cac kim loai kiem tac dung manh vdi nuoc 6 nhiet do thudng:
+ L i phan ling em dju nhat v6i nude, khong chay, t\6
+ Na bj nong chay thanh hat tron noi va chay tren mat nu6c, hat Ion gay cha\
n6 manh
+ K gay chay ngay
+ Con Rb va Cs gay phiin iJng n6 rat manh
- Tac dung v6\: cac kim loai phiin iirng manh list v6i axit:
+ Chi nen lam thi nghiem v6i axit HCl dac (C% > 20%), neu axit c6 n6ng do
nho hon, phan lifng qua manh liet, gay no ra't nguy hiem
i + Khong nen lam thi nghiem cho kim loai kiem tac dung vdi H N O , hay H2SO4
v1 ra't nguy hiem
3 Mot so h(rp chat quan trong cua kim loai kiem
* NaOH: la bazo manli, tan nhieu trong nuoc va toa nhiet:
NaOH > Na" + OH"
* NaHCO, va Na,CO.,:
Tinh tan Tan I t trong nude, trong dung Tan tot Trong dung dich phan
trong nuoc djch phan li hoan toan: li hoan toan:
NaHCO, > Na" + HCO^ Na.CO, > 2Na" + C O ] ~
Cry TNHH MTV DWH Kban^ Viet
^ T n h ^ e t phan huy 2NaHC03 '" )
Na.CO, + CO, + H^O
Ben vdri nhiet
Tinh chat axit - bazo
Vira CO ti'nh axit, vira c6 tinh
baza (tinh luong tfnh):
H C O J + OH" -> CO^" + H , 0 HCO3 + H " ^ co,T + ao
Chi CO tinh bazo:
CO^" + 2 H " ^ CO^t + H2O
Xhiiy phan cho moi trircnig kiam
HCO^ + H , 0 <=± OH" + H,CO,
Yeu hon
C O ^ + H , 0 ^ O H " + HCO;^
Manh hon
I I K I M L O A I K I E M T H O
1 Tinh chat vat li
- Kh6'i luong rieng tuong ddi nho, nhe hon nh6m (trir Ba)
- Nhiat do nong chay, nhiet do tuong doi thap (nhung v5n cao hon kim loai kiem)
- D6 Cling tuy cao hon kim loai ki^m, nhung vi\ tuong doi tha'p (trir Be)
- Cac kim loai kiem tho c6 kieu mang tinh the khac nhau nen cac dai luong vat If
bien ddi khong deu dan (theo m6t quy luat) nhu cac loai kim loai kiem
2 Tinh chat hoa hoc
- Cac kim loai kidm tho deu c6 tinh khiJ manh, nhung yeu hon so vdri cac kim loai kiem
- Tfnh khu cija cac kim loai kidm tho tang ddn tir Be den Ba
- Tac dung vdri nude c6 su khac nhau:
+ Ca, Sr, Ba tac dung b nhiet do thucng:
M (Ca, Sr, Ba) + 2 H : 0 > M ( O H ) , + H , t + M g tac dung cham vdri H^O b dieu kien thucng:
M g + 2H.O > M g ( O H ) , | +H:T Tac dung nhanh vdri hoi HiO d nhiet do cao:
Mg,b«„ + H:0, ."cao ^ M g O + H ,
+ Be khong tac dung vdri H^O dii d nhiet dd cao
Chu v; Cac kim loai ki6m tho chay duoc trong khi CO3; SO,; :
CO3 + 2Mg — ^ 2MgO + C
E)o do kh«)ng duoc dung CO, de dap tat dam chay kim loai manh
^' Mot so hgrp chat quan trong ciia kim loai kiem tho
• Ca(OH),: la bazo manh (nude vdi trong), dk tac dung vdi CO,:
CO, + Ca(OH), > CaCO, i + H , 0
Trang 30Phi'm loai va phucm}; pluip gicii nluinh BT Hoci hoc 12 -Cu Thanh Toon
h o a c 2 C O , + C a ( O H ) , > CaCHCO,), (tan)
• C a C O , ( C O t r o n g d a voi, ): '
C a C O ^ '" > C a O + C O t \ ^*
• C a ( H C O , ) 2 : C a ( H C O , ) 2 < > C a C O , i + C O , + H A
• C a S 0 4 (canxi sunfat, con goi l a thach cao)
T u y theo luong nu6c ket tinh c 6 trong tinh the, ta c6:
- T h a c h c a o s6'ng: C a S 0 4 2H2O
- T h a c h c a o nung: C a S 0 4 H^O
- T h a c h c a o khan: C a S 0 4
1 K h a i n i e m '
N u 6 c C l i n g la nuorc chiia nhieu cation Ca'"^, Mg""^ Nirdc chiia it hoac khong chi'ra
cac ion trdn dirge goi la nu6c m^m
2 P h a n loai
- N u 6 c C l i n g c 6 tfnh ciifng tarn thcfi: Chiia C a ( H C O , ) 2 v a M g ( H C O , ) :
- Nircrc ciing c 6 tfnh ciing vTnh ciru: chiia c a c mudi clorua v a sunfat ciia canxi v a
magie: C a C U , M g C K , C a S 0 4 , MgS04
- Nuoc Cling CO tinh ciing toan philn: c6 ca tfnh ciitig t a m thcfi v a tfnh ciing vTnh ciiu
3 T a c h a i c u a nirdc c i h i g
- X a phong k h o n g giat giu dugc trong nude ciing
- Dung nuoc ciing de nau thiic an, se lam cho thuc phdm iSu chfn va giam mui vi
- T a o ra can trong noi hoi, gfty lang phi nhien lieu khong an toan
- G a y ra hien tugng lam trie ong dan nuoc nong trong san xuat va trong d d i song
- L a m hong nhieu dung dich can pha che
4 C a c h l a m m e m n m k ciing
* Ni>iiyen tac: L a m giam n o n g d o cac cation Ca''', Mg"* trong nuoic ciing
* Thuc hien:
- Chuyen nhOng cation nay thanh hop chat kh6ng tan (phuorng phap ket tiia)
- Thay the nhChig cation nay bang nhiing cation khac (phuong phap trao doi ion)
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet
- Cac d o vat bang n h o m ben a d i a u k i e n thucmg v i n h o m c 6 Idfp m a n g o x i t rat
m o n g , ban bao ve ( k h i n h o m tao h 6 n h o n g vori t h u y ngan, t i n h l i e n tuc ciia l o p o x i t
bj pha v6r, n h o m tac d u n g m a n h vori o x i )
T h i d i i , n h o m tac d u n g vori axit n i t r i c t h u duoc h 6 n h o p san p h d m k h i r chiia N 2 O
va N O , t h i ta Viet t h a n h hai P T H H n h u sau:
Trang 31Phdn loai va pluMtii^ plni/} i^iili iilia/i/i BT H6a hoc 12 - Cu Thanh Toan
4 Tac dung \(n dung dich kiem
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6 H , 0 > 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3 H t
2A1 + CaCOH), + 6H2O > Ca[Al(OH)4]2 + SH,
Chu y; A l k h o n g tan trong dung dich N H 4 O H (dung djch NH3, ki^m yeu)
5 Tac dung v('ri oxit k i m loai (phan umg nhiet nhom)
2A1 + Fe,0., 2Fe + AUO,
2A1 + Cr^O, 2Cr + AKOj
PTTQ: 2yAI„, + 3 M , 0 , „ — ^ 3xM,„ + yAKO,,,,
* Trong phan ting nhiet nh6m, cac chat tru6c va sau phan lifng dtu la cac chat
rSn (cac k i m loai va oxit kim loai) Do do:
' ^ c h i l rdn Irudc p/u ~ ' ^ c h a ' l r i n sau p/u
Mot so chu v;
- Cho san phdm cua phan ling nhiet nhom, tac dung vofi dung djch kiem ma c6
khi H i bay ra => trong san phaim c6 A l :
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H.O > 2Na[Al(OH)4] + SH^T
=> A l d u hoac phan urng xay ra c6 H % <100%
- K h i chia chat rdn sau phan ting nhiet nh6m thanh hai phdn khac nhau thi
+ Phdn I : dat s6' mol cac chat A, B, C, D Ian luot la x, y, z, t
+ Phdn I I : dat dn s6' mol cac chat A, B, C, D Idn luot la kx, ky, kz, kt
* Vai tro cua criolit (NajAlFJ:
'" + Tiet kiem nang luong (lam giam nhiet do nong chay ciia nhom oxit tiif 2050°C
xuong khoang 960°C)
+ Tao ra chat long c6 tinh ddn dien tot hon AUO, nguydn chat nong chay
+ Tao ra chat long nhe hom nhom long, n6i len tren va ngan can A l nong chay
khong bj oxi hod trong khdng khf
Chu v: Su khu A l ' ^ trong AUO, rdt kho khan, khong the khir duoc bang cac chat
khif thong thucfng nhu C, CO, H , ,
I V M O T SO H O P C H A T Q U A N T R O N G C U A N H 6 M
1 N h o m oxit, AljO.,
- Rat ben nhiet va kho bj khu thanh kim loai A l
- Co ti'nh chat luofng ti'nh:
natri aluminat
3 Nhom sunfat
- Phen chua: K,S04 AU(S04), 24H,0
- Phen nhom: M,S04.Al3(S04).,. 24H3O ( M la Na\I)
2A1'* + 3Na,S + 3 H : 0 > 2 A l ( O H ) , ; + 3H:S t + 6Na*
+ Cho dung djch N H , tac dung vdi dung djch mu6'i nh6m AP*, chi thu duoc ket tua A l ( O H ) 3 (ket tiia khong bj tan trong N H , du):
3 N H , + 3 H , 0 + A l ' * > A l ( O H ) , j + 3 N H ^
J ) g n g 1: Bai tap xac djnh k i m loai
1- Cho 1,67 gam h6n hop hai kim loai a hai chu ki lien tie'p thu6c nhom I I A (phan
nhom chinh nhom II) tac dung het voi dung djch HCl (du), thoat ra 0,672 lit khi
H, (6 dktc) Hai k i m loai do la
A M g v a C a B Cava Sr C Be va M g D Sr va Ba
Trang 32Huong dan gidi
0,672 22,4 PTPU": M + 2HC1 > M C I , + H , t
Theo bai ra: n ^2 = = 0,03(w«/)
0,03 (mol) 0,03 (mol)
Suy ra: M r j = — = 55,67
^ 0,03
Suy ra, hai kim loai kiem tho do la Ca (40) va Sr Dap an dung la B
2 Cho 2 gam mot kim loai thuoc nhom IIA tac dung het vd'i dung dich HCl tao ru
5,55 gam mudi cioruạ Kim loai do la kim loai nao sau daỷ
3 Khi láy 14,25 gam mudi clorua ciia mot kim loai chi c6 hoa tn I I va mot luong
mudi nitrat ciia kim loai do c6 sd mol bang so mol mudi clorua thi thay khac
Suy ra: M M C I 2 = = 95 => M = 95 - 71 = 24 M la kim loai Mg
4 Hoa tan hoan toan 0,5 gam hdn hop gdm Fe va mot kim loai hoa tri I I trong dung
dich HCl thu dugc 1,12 lit H , odktc Kim loai hoa tri I I do la:
VI Mpe = 56 > 10 => Kim loai con lai c6 NTK < 10
kim loai hoa tri II la Be (M = 9 < 10) Dap an diing la D
5 Cho 16,2 gam kim loai M c6 hoa tri n tac dung vcfi 0,15 mol Ộ Chat rSn thu duoc sau phan urng dem hoa tan vao dung djch HCl du thay thoat ra 13,44 lit a
n
M 2 O , , +2nHCl ^ 2MC1„ + nH^O
M + nHCl -> MC1„ + - H , T
> " 2 1.2
-mol 0,6 1,2 1,8
: + — = — ( m o l j
13,44 22,4 = 0,6mol
Suy ra
n
M M
n n 16,2
6 Cho 24,3 gam mot kim loai M (c6 hoa trj n duy nhat) tac dung vdi 5,04 lit khi
O, (6 dktc) thu diroc cliat nln Ạ Cho A tiic dung het vai dung djch HCl tiiay c6 1,8 gam khi H , thoiit rạ Kim loai M la
Vay M la A l (n = 1, M = 9 (Be) => loai vi Be c6 hoa tri II)
Dap an dung la C
83
Trang 337 Cho 9,6 gam b6t kim loai M vao 500ml dung dich HCl I M , khi phan iJng kd't
thuc thu duoc 5,376 lit H (dktc) Kim loai M la
A M g B Ca C Fe D Ba ^ ^ , ,
Huong dan gidi
Dua vao cac dap an da cho thi cac kim loai d6u CO hoa trj I I • ;,
M + 2HC1 ).MCl2 + H2 ' !
n M = n H , = — = 0,24(mol) ; ^^^^
Vay M^^ = — = - ^ = 40 => M la Ca Dap an dung la C
n 0,24
8 Dien phan nong chay mu6'i clorua ciia kim loai M 6 catot thu duoc 6 gam kim
loai va cr anot c6 3,36 lit khf (dktc) thoat ra Mu6'i clorua do la
^ 22,4 n n
Taco: ^ 1 ^ = 6 =>M = 20n
n
Cap gia tri thoa man la n = 2 ^ M = 40 (Ca)
Vay muoi clorua do la CaCK Dap an diing la D
9 Dien phSn mu6'i clorua ciia m6t kim loai ki^m nong chay, thu duoc 0,896 lit khi
(dktc) a anot va 3,12 gam kim loai a catot Hay xac dinh c6ng thiic phan tix ciia
muoi kim loai ki^m do
10 Cho 3,1 gam h6n hop g6m hai kim loai ki^m a hai chu ky ke tid'p nhau trong
bang tuSn hoan tac dung het vdfi nu6c thu duoc 1,12 Ii't H^ or dktc va dung djch ki6m
a) Xac djnh ten hai kim loai do va tinh thanh phan phan tram khoi luong m6i kim loai
b) Tmh the tich dung djch HCl 2M cdn dung de trung hoa dung djch ki^m va kh6'i
luong h6ii hop muoi clorua thu duoc
Goi X la so mol kim loai Na, ta c6: 23x + 39 (0,1 - x) = 3,1 => x = 0,05 (mol)
Vay thanh phdn % khoi luolig m5i kim loai:
Khoi 1 Jong h6n hop mu6'i clorua thu duoc:
mhhmu6i = (31 + 35,5) 0,1 = 6,65 (gam)
11 X la kim loai nhom IIA Cho 1,7 gam h6n hop gom X va Zn tac dung vdd luong
du dung djch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lit khi H, (a dktc)
Mat khac, khi cho 1,9 gam X tac dung vdi luong du dung djch H , S 0 4 loang thi the tich khf H , sinh ra chua den 1,12 Ift (6 dktc)
Trang 34Phcin loai va pinfanfi phap f^idi nlianh BT Hoa hoc 12 —Ci) Thanh Toon
Tir { 1 , 2) ta c6: 38 < Mx < 56,67
Vay X la Ca ( M = 40) J)ap an diing la B
12 Cho 7,1 gam hdii hofp gom mot kim loai kiem X va mot kim loai kiem tho Y tac
dung het vdi lugiig du dung djch HCI loang, thu dugc 5,6 lit khi (dktc) K i m loai
X, Y l a
A natri va magie B kali va canxi
C liti va beri D kali va bari
Huong dan gidi
Theo bai ra: n^^ = 0 , 2 5 ( m o l ) i
vay Mx = 23 (natri); M y = 24 (magie) Dap an diing la A
Chu y: * Xac dinh khoang gia tri so mol h6n hop kim loai kidni va ki6m th6:
+ r.hhmax khi chi c6 kim loai kiem: nhh,„„ = 2 n „ 2
+ n,,,,,,,;,, khi chi c6 kim loai ki6m tho: n h,,,,,!,, = n^.,
* Bai nay chi tim dugc 1 ket qua khi phan tir khoi kim loai kidm va kim loai
kiem the! xap xi nhau (ciing chu ky)
13 Hoa tan hoarr-toan 2,45 gam h6n hgp g6m hai kim loai kiem tho vao 200 ml
dung djch HCI 1,25M, thu dugc dung dich Y chua cac chat tan c6 n6ng do mol
bring nhau Hai k i m loai trong X la
A M g va Ca B Be va Ca C Be va M g D M g va Sr
Hu&ng dan gidi
Theo bai ra: n,.jQ = 0 , 2 5 ( m o l )
- Vi cac chat tan c6 s6' mol bang nhau => so mol hai kim loai kiem tho bang nhau
- Neu HCI vCra dii thi so mol m6i kim loai kiem th6 bang: 0,25/4 = 0,0625(nx)l)
Taco: (M^T, + M^y^ )O,0625 = 2,45
Hai kim loai trong X la Be va Ca Dap an diing la B
j4 Cho 1,9 gam h6n hgp muoi cacbonat va hidrocacbonat ciia kim loai kiem M tac dung het voi dung djch HCI (du), sinh ra 0,448 lit khi (o dktc) Xac dinh kim loai kiem M
Huong dan gidi
Co the giai nhanh nhu sau:
19
( M + 6 1 ) < ^ J ^ = 95 < ( 2 M + 60) => 1 7 , 5 < M < 3 4
vay M = 23 (kim loai kiem Na)
15 X la hgp kim cua hai kim loai gom kim loai ki^m M va kim loai k i l m the! R
Lay 28,8 gam X hoa tan hoan toan vao nu6c, thu dugc 6,72 lit khi H^ (a dktc)
Dem 2,8 gam L i luyen them vao 28,8 gam X thi phan tram khdi lucnig ciia L i trong hgp kim vCra luyen la 13,29% K i m loai kidm th6 R trong hgp kim X la
A M g B Ca C Ba D Sr
Huong dan gidi
Gia su trong hofp kim X khong c6 L i , thi % m^ trong hgp k i m moi phai la
% ^ = 2^JU00% ^ ^ ^ I ^
28,8 + 2,8
=> trong hgp kim X c6 kim loai kiem la L i
Ggi X , y Irin lugt la so mol L i , R trong 28,8 gam X
Taco: 7x + R y = 28,8 (1) PTPU X + H , 0 :
T i r ( | , 2 , 3 ) t a c 6 : R = 137 (Ba)
Vay kim loai kiem tho la Ba Dap an diing la C
16. Cho 3,024 gam mot kim loai M tan het trong dung dich H N O , loang, thu dugc 940,8 ml khi N , 0 , (san pham khu duy nhat, 6 dktc) c6 ti khoi ddi vdi H , bang
22 Khi N,0^ va kim loai M la
A N O v a M g B N O v a A I C N O v a F e D N O va A l
Trang 35Phdn loai va phucmg phdp gidi nhanh BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cit Thanh Toan
Huong ddn gidi
940,8 Theo bai ra: „ - = 0,042 (mol)
17 Hoa tan hoan toan 2,9 gam h6n hop kim loai M va oxit ciia no vao nu6c, thu
duoc 500 ml dung djch chiJa mot chat tan c6 n6ng do 0,04M va 0,224 lit khi H ,
(ddktc) Kim loai M i a
A Ba B K C Ca D Na
Huong ddn gidi
0,224 22,4
+ Tru&ng hop 1: Kim loai M la kim loai kiem => oxit la M , 0
+ Tru&ng hop 2: M la kim loai kiem thd => oxit la MO
M + 2 H : 0 > M(OH), + H , t
Theo bai ra: n^,^ = = 0,01 (mol), n , h j , „ „ = 0,5 0,04 = 0,02(mol)
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet
MO + HjO
y Theo bai ra ta c6:
18 Kim loai M phan ling duoc vdi: dung djch HCl, dung djch Cu(N03 )2, dung djch HNO3 (dac, nguoi) Kim loai M la
19 Dien phan (dien cue tro) mu6'i clorua ciia mot kim loai hoa trj I I v6\g dien
cuofng d6 3A Sau 1930 giay dien phan thu duoc 1,2 gam kim loai ocatot Xac djnh ten kim loai
Huong ddn gidi
Taicatot(-): M ' * + 2e -> M i Tai anot (+): 2H2O ^ 4H^ + O2 + 4e PTHH cua phan ling dien phan: MCI, > M + CU Tir m = A.I.t
n.F
>A = m.n.F I.t
Thay so vao, ta ti'nh duoc: A = ''^^^.'^^^"^ = 40(Ca)
3.1930 Vay kim loai hoa trj I I la canxi
j g n g 2; Bai tap tinh khoi lugfng cac chat tham gia
1- Hoa tan het m gam h6n hop hai oxit ciia kim loai kiim va kiem th6 vao dung
djch HCl(du) Co can dung djch thu duoc, r6i tie'n hanh dien phan nong chay het
chat ran thu duoc (vdi dien cue tro) thi 6 catot sinh ra 11 gam kim loai va a anot
CO 2,24 lit khi thoat ra (dktc) Gia tri ciia m la
A 12,6 B.15 C 15,8 ' ' D 18,1
Trang 36Phdn loai vci pinfcmg phap ^icii nlumh BT Hoa hoc 12 - Cii Thanh Toon _^
Huong dan gidi
2 Hoa tan het 19,9 gam h6n hop gom Na, K , Ba vao nird'c thu dupe 4 I ft dung dich
X cd p H = 13 Trung hoa dung dich X biing axit H2SO4 vira du sau pluin ixng thu
dirpc 23,3 gam ket tua Phan tram khdi lupng ciia Na trong hdn hop tren la:
1 Cho 5,75 gam hdn hop M g , A l va Cu tac dung vdi dung dich U N O , loang, du,
thu dupe 1,12 Ift hdn hpp khf X gom N O va N O ( d dktc, t i khdi ciia X so vdi H ,
la 20,6; san pham khir khong cd NH4NO,) Khdi lupng mudi nitrat khan thu
diroc khi c6 can dung dich la
A 2 7 , 4 5 g B 13,13g C.58,91g D 17,45g
Huong dan gidi , *;•
Goi X , y Ian lupt la sd mol NO, N , 0
Theo nguycn tdc bao toan electron:
=> Se (cho) = 0,35 (mol) (do cac k i m loai nhudiig)
Theo djnh iuat bao toan dien tfch, ta cd:
Trang 372 Cho 2,16 gam Mg tac dung v6i dung dich HNO, (dir) Sau khi phan ling xay ry
hoan toan thu duoc 0,896 li't khf NO (a dktc) va dung djch X Khd'i lucfng muoj
khan thu duoc khi lam bay hoi dung dich X la
A 8,88 gam B 13,92 gam C 6,52 gam D 13,32 gam
Huong dan gidi
Theo bai ra: n^o = = 0,04(mol); n^^ = ^ = 0,09(mol) ,- r > ,,
Cac qua trinh xay ra:
Vi (cho) = 0,18 mol > Se (N*' nhan) = 0,12 mol
=> con C O san pham khir la NH4NOV
N " ' + 8e > N " ' ( N H 4 N 0 3 )
(0,18-0,12) > — ( m o l )
8 0,06,
3 Hoa tan hoan toan 8,94 gam h6n hop g6m: Na, K va Ba vao nuoc, thu duoc dung
djch X va 2,688 lit khi H (dktc) Dung djch Y gom HCl va H2SO4 ti le mol
tuoiig iJng la 4: 1 Trung hoa dung dich X boi dung djch Y, tong khoi luong cat
mu6'i dugc tao ra la
A 13,70 gam B 14,62 gam C 18,46 gam D 12,78 gam
Huong ddn gidi
Theo bai ra: n^^^ =2,688/22,4 = 0,12(mol)
Na.K.Ba + H j O >NaOH,KOH,Ba(OH)2 + H 2 t
Tathtfy n^^_ =2.ny^^ = 2.0,12 =0,24(mol)
Goi X la so mol H2SO4 trong Y => = 4x mol
Vay khoi luong mudi thu dugc: m,,,,,; = m^, K Ba + m^, + m ^ 2
8,94 + 4x 35,5 + X 96
= 8,94 + 4 0,04 35,5 + 0,04 96 = 18,46 (gam)
Dap an dung la C
4 Cho 3,68 gam h6n hop gom A l va Zn tac dung vdi m6t lucnig vira du dung dich
H.SO4 10%, thu dugc 2,24 lit khi H, (a dktc) Kh6'i lugng dung dich thu dugc sau phan ihig la
A I01,48gam B 101,68gam C 97,80 gam D.88,20gam '
Huong dan gidi
u^- 2,24 Theo bai ra: n „ =
m gam cha't rdn khan Gia tri ciia m la
A 97,98 B 106,38 C 38,34 D 34,08
Huong dan gidi
Theo bai ra: , ;
»A!_=-^4fr^ = 0,46 ( m o l ) ; iiy = = 0,06 ( m o l )
93
Trang 38Phi'iii loui vii pliif(fn^ phap i^icii iiiuinii tsj tioci iioc /z -L.il i luinii i oan
G o i X , y Ian lifot la so m o l N^O, N j
A l - 3e >
0,46 > 1,38 m o l
In,,,„„= l , 3 K ( m o l )
+ iOe 0,3
0,24 <- 0,03 2 ( m o l )
^ Sn,.„„„„ = 0 , 3 + 0,24 = 0,54 < 1,38
Suy ra, c 6 qua t r i n h : N + 8e > N (NH4NO,)
( 1 , 3 8 - 0 , 5 4 ) - > 0,105 ( m o l ) Cha't ran g 6 m C O A 1 ( N 0 , ) , (0,46 m o l ) va N H 4 N O , (0,105 m o l )
V;)y m = 0,46 213 + 0,105 80 = 106,38 ( g a m )
D a p a n d u n g la H
6 H o a tan het 7,74 g a m h6n hcfp bot M g , A l bQng 5 0 0 m l d u n g d i c h h 6 n hap HCl
I M va H : S 0 4 0 , 2 8 M t h u dirge d u n g d i c h X va 8,736 lit k h i H ( 6 d k t c ) Co can
=:> n,_,2 = 2 n ^ ^ => axit phan irng vira d i i v d i k i m l o a i
Sa d o phan l i n g : K i m loai + axit > m u d i + H ,
T h e o d j n h luat bao toan k h o i l u g n g :
= 7,74 + 0,5 36,5 + 0,5 0,28 98 - 0,39 2
= 38,93 ( g a m )
II , D a p a n diing la 1)
04
'\)ang 4: B a i tap ve p h a n ung N a 2 C 0 3 ; N a H C C ) , \(n axit
[sjho tir tir tirng giot den het 30 m l d u n g d i c h H C l I M vao 100 m l d u n g d i c h chira ' Na.CO? 0 , 2 M va N a H C O , 0 , 2 M , sau phan ting t h u dugc so m o l C O , la
Phan u n g : b < b ( m o l ) > b ( m o l ) Con l a i : a - b ( m o l ) 0 b ( m o l ) '
( T i n h theo Na^CO,, v i H C l con d u , t h a m gia phan u'ng d\x6\y da' tao ra C O , )
H C l + N a H C O , > N a C l + C O , ! + H^O Ban dau: (a - b ) m o l b ( m o l ) ^^
Phan l i n g : (a - b) m o l (a - b) m o l ( T i n h theo H C l , v i N a H C O , con d u , do c6 phan iJng:
Trang 39Phan locii va pfiii.yn,: /'Inir vliii nluinli BI~Hda DOc IZ -LU 1 lUlllll 1 om
Huong dan gidi
Theo bai ra: riHci = 0,2 1 = 0,2 (mol)
HNajco, =0,1 1,5 = 0,15 (mol); n^Hcoj =0,1 1 = 0,1 (mol)
Khi nho tir tfir dung dich HCl (H*) vao X thi: ' * v'.!
Na.CO, + HCl > NaCl + NaHCO,
4 Cho h6n hop K 2 C 0 3 v a NaHC03(ti le mol 1:1) vao binh dung dich
Ba(HC03)2 thu dugc ket tua X va dung dich Y Them tiir tiir dung djch HCl
0,5M vao binh den khi khdng con khi thoat ra thi het 560 ml Biet toan bo Y
phan ling vCra du \6\0 ml dung dich NaOH I M Khoi lirgng ket tiia X la
A 3,94 gam B 11,28 gam C 7,88 gam D 9,85 gam
Huong ddn gidi
Theo bai ra: nHci = 0,5.0,56=0,28mol; n ^ a O H =0,2.1 =0,2mol
Goi s6' mol K2CO3, NaHC03 va Ba(HC03)2 Mn luot la x, x va y (mol)
^ S6' mol CO3", HCO3 la x va (x + 2y) mol
Chu y: Khi cho HCl vao binh thi HCl phan ling ca vdi ket tiia X (BaCO,) va
dung djch Y (NaHCO,, KHCO,, Ba(HC03)2)
Dang 5: Bai tap ve phan urng nhiet nhom
1 Phan dug hoa hoc xay ra trong trudng hop nao duori day khong thu6c loai phan
ung nhiet nh6m?
A A l tac dung \6\ nung nong B A l tac dung vori CuO nung nong
C A l tac dung voi FcjOj nung nong D A l tac dung vdri H2SO4 dac nong
Huong ddn gidi
Phan dng nhiet nh6m la phan utig giOa bot nhom vdi oxit kim loai
Do do, A l tac dung vdi H2SO4 dac, nong khong thudc loai phan dug nhidt nh6m
Dap an dung la D
2 Day g6m cac oxit deu bj A l khij 6 nhiet d6 cao la
A FeO, MgO, CuO B FeO, CuO, Cr^Oj
C Fe304, SnO, BaO D PbO, K^O, SnO
Hu&ng ddn gidi Cac oxit bj A l khii b nhiet do cao la cac oxit ciia cac kim loai c6 tinh khif trung
binh va yeu, nhu FeO, CuO, Cr.O,:
3FeO + 2 A l — ^ 3 F e + Al203 y 3CuO + 2 A l — i % 3 C u + Al203 < •
C r 2 0 3 + 2 A 1 ^ 2 C r + Al203
Dap an dung la B
Chu f: Cac oxit MgO, BaO, K.O kh6ng bi khir bai A l a nhiet d6 cao
3 Nung 21,4 gam h6n hop A g6m bot A l va FcjOj (trong binh kin kh6ng c6 khong
khi), thu dugc h6n hgp B g6m Fe, FeO, Fe304, Fe.O, va A l (du) Cho B tac dung v6i dung djch HCl du dugc dung djch C Cho C tac dung vdi dung djch NaOH
du dugc ket tua D Nung D trong khdng khi den khoi lugng khong d6i thu dugc
16 gam chat ran Khd'i lugng A l trong h6n hgp A la
A.4,4g B.5,4g C 10,8g D 2,7g
Huong ddn gidi
Ta C O so do bife'n hoa ciia nguyen t6' sat trong cac thi nghifim trdn:
Trang 40Phcin loai va plnfcfii}^ ;>/UI/J t^idi itlianh Hoa hoc 12 —Cu Thanh Toan
Fe^O, > Fe,0,, Fe
Theo dinh luSt bao toan nguydn to, suy ra:
m Fe203 ~ 1 ^ S^f" ^ " ' A I = 21,4 - 16 = 5,4 gam
Dap an dung la li
4 Nung nong m gam h6n hop A l va FcjOj (trong m6i truofng khong c6 khong khi)
den khi phan iJng xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc h6n hop rSn Y Chia Y thanh hai
phdn bSng nhau:
- Fliiin 1 tac dung vdi dung dich H,S04 loang (dir), sinh ra 3,08 lit khi H, (d dktc)
- Ph&i 2 tac dung vdi dung djch NaOH (du), sinh ra 0,84 lit khi H , {b dktc)
Gia trj ciia m la
A 29,40 B 22,75 C 29,43 D 21,40
^ Hu&ng ddn gidi
T h e o b a i r a:nH2,i, = = 0,1375(mol); nH2(2) = = 0.0375(mol)
PTPU" nhiet nhom: 2Al(d„) + Fe.O, — — > 2Fe + AUOj
Trong hop sau phan ling c6: Fe, AKOj, A l du (vi h6n hop sau phan ung tac dung
vdi NaOH tao ra khf H,), (FcjO^ phan ling het vi phan ling xay ra hoan toan)
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khans ^ier
5 Nung h6n hop b6t gom A l va FejO, (trong di^u kidn khong c6 oxi), thu duoc h6n hop chat rdn X Chia X thanh 2 phan bang nhau:
- Cho phan 1 vao dung dich HCl (du) thu duoc 7,84 lit khi H (dktc);
- Cho phdn 2 vao dung djch NaOH (du) thu duoc 3,36 lit khi H2 (dktc)
Bi6't rang cac phan ling d6u xay ra hoan toan
Phin tram khdi luong ciia Fe trong X la
A 66,39% B 42,32% C 46,47% D 33,61%
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Theobai ra: nH2 (Pi) = 0,35mol;n^^2 (P2) = 0,15mol
V I X + NaOH(dd) tao ra khf H => A l con du (Fe.O, het; X gom Fe, Al.Oj va
Al du)
; j 2A1 + Fe203 -> AI2O3 + 2Fe
2x <- x X - » 2x S6' mol A l du (trong X ) la y => so mol A l ban dc1u la (2x + y)mol
^, 2.0,2.56.100% ^ , ^
Vay %mp^/x = — " 46,47% Dap an dung la C
6 Tron 10,8 gam bot A l vdi 34,8 gam bot Fe304 roi tien hanh phan u^g nhiet nhdm
trong di^u kien khong cd khdng khi Hoa tan hoan toan hdn hop rdn sau phan ling bang dung djch H2SO4 loang (du), thu duoc 10,752 lit khi H , (dktc) Hieu
sua't ciJi: phan ting nhidt nhdm la
A 80% B 70% C 60% D 90%
Huong ddn gidi Cdchl: '
Theobai ra: n^, =0,4mol;np 04 =0,15mol; nH2 =0,48(mol)