Summary of thesis doctor of economics developing the human resources of vietnam in the formation of the asean economic community (AEC)

Therefore, the urgent need is to have in-depth studies, analyze and evaluate the overall situation of human resource development in Vietnam on the basis of comparing with the AEC's commi

ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

PHAM THANH HIEN

DEVELOPING THE HUMAN RESOURCES OF VIETNAM IN THE FORMATION OF THE ASEAN

ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC)

Major: International economics

Code: 9.31.01.06

SUMMARY OF THESIS: DOCTOR OF ECONOMICS

Hanoi - 2021

The work has been completed at:

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL

Science tutor: 1 Assoc Prof Tran Thi Lan Huong

2 Assoc Prof Tran Thi Lan Huong

Counter-argument 1: Assoc Prof Chu Duc Dung

Counter-argument 2: Assoc Prof Doan Ke Bon

Counter-argument 3: Assoc Prof Bui Tat Thang

The thesis was defended in the eyes of Ph.D Examination Council, held at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan,

Hanoi

At: …., on …date… Month…year 2020

The thesis can be found at:

National Library

Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Library

LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS

1 Pham Thanh Hien (2017), “Opportunities and challenges for human

resources of Vietnam in the context of the formation of the ASEAN Economic Community”, Labor and Trade Unions Magazine, p.14,

Volume 618

2 Tran Thi Lan Huong, Pham Thanh Hien (2018), "Vietnam's labor export

to East Asian countries and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)",

International Workshop of Van Hien University with the theme

"Investment cooperation between East Asian countries - Vietnam and the issue of training human resources, creating jobs for employees.", University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City Publishing House

3 Pham Thanh Hien (2019), “Evaluation of the integration of human

resources of Vietnam after three years of joining the ASEAN Economic Community”, Asia-Pacific Economic Review, p.79,

Volume 537

4 Pham Thanh Hien (2020), "Evaluation of the quality of human resources

of Vietnam in the context of the integration of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)", Asia-Pacific Economic Review, p.4, Volume

565

5 Pham Thanh Hien (2020 "Thailand's human resource development policy

in forming the ASEAN Economic Community and lessons for Vietnam", Journal of Education and Society, p.344, special volume of

April, 2020

INTRODUCTION

1 The urgency of the topic

Association of Southeast Asian Nations, abbreviated as ASEAN is

a regional cooperation organization of politics, economy, culture and society of Southeast Asian countries with ten members including Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand and Singapore In 1997, the idea of establishing an ASEAN Community was introduced by the leaders in the ASEAN Vision 2020 with the aim of creating a stable, prosperous, and highly competitive economic region towards the formation of an integrated, resilient ASEAN Community

in 2020 with three main pillars of political-security cooperation (ASEAN Security Community - ASC), economic cooperation (ASEAN Economic Community - AEC) and cooperation socio-cultural cooperation (ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) Then the Cebu Declaration (December 2006) shortened the time to form the AEC by five years compared to the original plan (from five) 2020 to 2015) The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was officially established and put into operation on December 31, 2015

The AEC is a new step in the process of integration and mutual assistance among Southeast Asian countries The AEC aims to create a single market and production base, including a free labor market A series

of documents have been signed to realize this goal, such as the ASEAN agreement on the movement of natural persons allowing skilled labor of member countries to freely move within the block, equivalent workmanship recognition agreement of ASEAN in eight fields, the reference framework for ASEAN qualifications

The formation of the AEC has opened up for Vietnamese workers the opportunity to freely move around in the region to find jobs, thereby improving their incomes, living standards of themselves and their families, learning experiences, contribute to solving domestic employment problems, promote socio-economic development To grasp the above opportunities, from 2007 up to now, Vietnam has proposed and implemented many policies and activities to develop human resources to help employees participate in the AEC common labor market such as: promulgating national qualification framework based on the ASEAN Qualifications

Framework, changing the vocational, university and foreign language training policies However, after more than a decade of development, including more than 5 years of AEC officially put into operation (from December 31, 2015), the number of Vietnamese workers reaching ASEAN qualifications and free labor movement in the AEC is quite modest compared to other countries in the region According to ILO statistics, as of

2019, Vietnam accounts for only a very small proportion of migrant workers in Malaysia (0.1%) and Thailand (0.3%) Singapore (0.01%) [ 110]

In the areas of free movement of labor, the profession of engineers and architects has the most positive number of employees at ASEAN level, but only over 200 people, much lower than Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia This shows that the human resources of Vietnam are lagging and miss out on valuable opportunities for integration and development Not only that, if this situation does not quickly improve, Vietnamese workers will even face the risk of losing their jobs in the domestic market when the number of workers in the region moves into Vietnam increase in the future, exacerbate unemployment and a series of other social security problems Therefore, the urgent need is to have in-depth studies, analyze and evaluate the overall situation of human resource development in Vietnam on the basis of comparing with the AEC's commitment to freedom

of movement and compare with other countries in the region, thereby proposing solutions to help Vietnamese workers better meet the needs of the AEC, improve their competiing capacity, and then participate more effectively in the labor market the AEC in the near future Stemming from

that practical requirement, the research student chose the topic “Developing

the human resources of Vietnam in the formation of the Asean Economic Community (AEC)” for the doctoral thesis in economics, majoring in

competiting capacity with the human resources of AEC countries and participating more effectively in the AEC in the coming time

- Analyzing the situation of human resource development in Vietnam in terms of quantity, quality and structure on the basis of comparing with the labor demand of the AEC and comparing with the AEC member countries From there, we can evaluate the achievements and shortcomings of Vietnamese human resources

- Analyzing the causes of the above successes and limitations, combined with the analysis of labor demand trends of the AEC countries in the period 2020 - 2030, proposing a number of solutions to help the human resources of Vietnam to integrate more effectively

3 The thesis's research object and scope

3.1 Research object

The thesis focuses on the development of Vietnamese human resources in three angles: quantity, quality and structure, on the basis of comparison with the requirements of general labor market integration according to AEC commitments and comparison with the AEC member countries

- In terms of space: studying human resource development in the

AEC formation conditions nationwide, with researches and surveys of experiences of a number of ASEAN countries

- In terms of time

+ In the period before the AEC’s formation(from 1/2007 to 31/12/2015): the thesis mainly statistics commitments and preparations for the entry into the common AEC labor market of Vietnam

+ In the period after the AEC’s formation (from 2016 to the present day), the thesis continues to update and supplement AEC's agreements to

promote intra-regional labor movement and policies for human resource development for Vietnamese workers to move more efficiently as well as to

be more competitive in the AEC

Current situation of human resource development is analyzed in the period from 2010 to 2020, with special focus on the period from 2015 to

2020 Human resource development solutions proposed in the thesis apply

to 2030

- In term of content: The thesis is limited to research on human

resource development in Vietnam in terms of quantity, quality and structure

on the basis of comparing AEC's commitment to freedom of movement and comparison with AEC member countries' human resources, which only focus on reflecting the quality of human resources in terms of mentality with three criteria of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and physical strength that are not in the scope of the study

4 Research methodology and methods of the thesis

4.1 Methodology of dialectical and historical materialism

4.2 Specific research methods: Analysis and synthesis method,

statistical method, description and comparison, expert interview method, logical method combining history, data processing method

5 The theoretical and practical significance of the thesis

* In terms of theoretical significance: The thesis contributes to add theoretical issues on human resource development in the formation of the AEC, thereby clearly defining the purpose of human resource development when integrating into the labor market The common dynamic of the AEC

is to create the change of human resources in terms of quantity; Quality includes knowledge, skills, and attitudes; structures towards meeting the labor demand of the AEC and able to compete with the human resources of the AEC member countries

* In terms of practical significance: the thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the current situation of human resource development in Vietnam in terms of quantity, quality, structure, on the basis

of comparison with the general labor market requirements commitments to AEC, and comparies with the human resources of other countries in the region, propose specific solutions to help Vietnam's human resources integrate more effectively and successfully in the common AEC labor market Therefore, the thesis's research results will be valuable as a

reference for policy makers, researchers interested in human resource development in general and developing human resources in the formation

of the AEC in particular

6 New expected scientific contributions of the thesis

Firstly, the thesis has continued to clarify theoretical issues such as

concepts and factors affecting the process of human resource development

in the formation of the AEC

Secindly, building a set of evaluation criteria for human resource

development to ensure "AEC characteristic", applied exclusively to the context of labor market regionalization, not stereotyped according to the evaluation criteria for human resource development in general

Thirdly, analyzing the current situation of Vietnam's human

resource development in terms of quantity, quality (including knowledge, skills, attitudes) and structure on the basis of comparing with AEC's labor needs and comparing with human resources of AEC member countries, thereby evaluating the above successes and limitations, then find out the reasons for them

Fourthly, propose solutions from State management agencies,

vocational training institutions and universities, and employers to help Vietnamese human resources participate more effectively and increase the competing capacity with the human resources of the AEC countries by

Chapter 2: Theoretical and practical basis for human resource

development of Vietnam in the ASEAN Economic Community

Chapter 3: Current situation of human resource development of

Vietnam in the ASEAN Economic Community

Chapter 4: Prospects and recommendations on human resource

development solutions to Vietnam in the ASEAN Economic Community

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO RESEARCH TOPIC

OF THE THESIS 1.1 Overview of research works

1.1.1 Theoretical research on human resources and human resource development

Karl Marx, Robet Solow (1956), Robert E Lucas (1988), Theodore

W Schultz (1971), Gary Becker (1993), Tran Xuan Cau (2019), D Beg, S

Fisher and R Donbush (2002), Chiristian Batal (2002), Bernard Wyne and

David Stringer (1997)

* Theoretical research on human resource development

At the organizational scale: Vu Hoang Ngan, Pham Thi Bich Ngoc (2019), Bui Van Danh (2011)

At the national level: Nguyen Huu Long (2007), Nguyen Loc (2010), Vo Xuan Tien (2012) Nguyen Huu Dung (2003)

1.1.2 Research on AEC and the impact of AEC on human resources of ASEAN countries

Introduction of AEC: Nguyen Hong Son (2009), Thai Son, Le Nhung, Duy Quang (2015), Nguyen Hong Son, Nguyen Anh Thu (2015),

Vo Thanh Tung, Hoang Thi Minh Chau (2019)

Separate study on the commitment to free labor movement in the AEC and the impact on human resources of ASEAN countries: ADB, ILO (2014), European Chamber of Commerce, Singapore & European Foundation (2015), WEF (2014), Le My Huong (2019), Nguyen Ba Ngoc et

al (2016) Nguyen Ngoc Lan (2015), Nguyen Thi Dieu Hien, Tran Phuong Thao (2017) [Tran Thi Ngoc Quyen, Nguyen Hong Hanh (2019), Martin, P

(2014), Papademetriou et al (2016), ILO (2020), ADB (2020)

Research on human resource development of ASEAN countries in the condition of forming AEC: UNDP (2014), M.L Puntrik Smiti (2015), Nong Mai Anh, Hoang Thi Kieu Chi (2020), Ismalina, P et al (2014), Salmiaty Taty (2016), Myanmar Marketing Research and Development Center (2014), Yap, J (2014), Dao Thi Thu Trang (2019)

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1.1.3 Research on human resource development in Vietnam in AEC

* Research on human resource development in Vietnam before AEC was formed: Nguyen Duy Dung (2012), Nguyen Hong Son (2015), Vo

Thanh Thu (2014), Pham Thi Ly (2014), ADB and ILO (2014), Bui Thi Minh Tiep (2015), Nguyen Thuong Lang, Tran Duc Thang (2015), Vo Minh Tap (2013), Nguyen Quang Trung (2015), Nguyen Thi Kim Chi (2015)

* Research on human resource development in Vietnam after AEC was formed:

Indirectly mentioned in the in-depth studies on labor mobility in

Vietnam in AEC: Dao Thu Trang (2016), Ha Thi Minh Duc (2019), Wolfgang Form (2016), Mac Van Tien, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy (2018)

Nguyen Quynh Hoa, Pham Tuan Ngoc (2018)

Direct research on Vietnam's human resource development in AEC:

Trinh Thi Thu Huong (2019), Le Van Hung (2017), Nguyen Thi Dieu Hien, Tran Phuong Thao (2017), Nguyen Huu Hao, Nguyen Thi My Dieu (2016), Le Van Thong (2018), Vu Dinh Anh (2017), Nguyen Quoc Tuan (2018)

1.2 The achieved values and gaps need to be studied

1.2.1 The achieved values

The above domestic and abroad studies have provided valuable materials on the human resource development process of Vietnam in the AEC They help graduate students to better understand research issues, suggest research directions and build systems of integrity theory The values of the preceding studies are shown as follows:

* Value in theory

- Firstly, the research papers have helped the student systematize a

number of basic theoretical issues about human resources and human resource development such as concepts, influencing factors, content and roles for social production and economic growth Development of human resources at a national level must be a comprehensive development in terms

of quantity, quality and structure of human resources Human resource development is an urgent issue for all countries in the period of national industrialization and modernization and the period of knowledge economy

or international economic integration

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- Secondly, through studying the research of the predecessors, the

postgraduate has learned a new set of criteria to evaluate the quality of human resources instead of the traditional understanding of physical and mental quality of workers That is the KSA model - evaluating the quality

of human resources on three aspects: knowledge, skills, and attitudes

- Thirdly, because human is the sum of social relationships,

researchers all affirm that human resource development is a complex,

long-term process that requires the cooperation of the whole society

* Practical value

The published studies have brought practical value to the dissertation as follows:

Firstly, studies on the AEC have provided very complete

information about the formation process and the contents of the AEC in general as well as the commitments on labor mobility in the AEC in particular

Secondly, through the process of synthesizing studies related to the

dissertation topic, it can be seen that the labor mobility problem in the AEC has attracted a lot of research at different levels For the dissertation, these studies provide important arguments to clarify the current situation of Vietnam’s human resources to meet the requirements of integration into the

general labor market according to AEC commitments Thirdly, research

on human resource development by qualifications, profession, and locality has provided valuable data, information and comments on policies and the

current situation of human resource development in Vietnam

Fourthly, studies on the situation and policies for human resource

development of countries in the region when the AEC was established showed that every country participating in the common labor market always faces opportunities and challenge Therefore, the more effective and timely human resource development policies are, the more beneficial the country has, on the contrary, countries without improvisation policies will not only suffer heavy economic losses, but also social issues In addition, these studies have suggested a lot of valuable and feasible solutions for the dissertation to be applied to Vietnam in the coming time

1.2.2 The gap needs to be studied

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With its own scope and purpose, the above works have fulfilled their own mission However, in the context of the ASEAN Economic Community formed with a commitment to the free labor market in the bloc, published studies have not solved some of the following issues:

* In terms of theory

Although domestic and foreign research papers have provided many theories about human resource development at the general level as well as associated with the conditions of international economic integration However, it is necessary to supplement and complete the theoretical issues related to human resource development associated with the AEC, when the AEC becomes a common labor market with a commitment to free movement of workers is made

* In terms of practice

Firstly, although there are many studies on the situation of

Vietnam’s human resource development in the AEC, in general, it only stops at the general and summary level, which has not shown boldly “AEC”

- not associated with commitments to the freedom of labor movement as well as not comprehensively assesses the position of Vietnamese human resources in terms of quantity, quality and structure with human resources

of the AEC countries

Secondly, the document synthesis process shows that there are no studies that specifically analyze the situation of Vietnamese workers in eight fields that have been allowed to freely move skilled workers including doctors and dentists, nurses, translator, survey service, engineer, architect, accountant

Thirdly, the studies on the current situation of the quality of Vietnamese human resources in general and the human resources in the AEC in particular are still deployed according to the traditional criteria system including physical strength and mental strength There are no in-depth studies assessing the quality of Vietnamese human resources based on the KSA model including knowledge, skills and working attitudes

Fourthly, there are no adequate and in-depth studies on solutions to develop Vietnamese human resources in the AEC from the perspective of state management agencies, and educational and training institutions and employers

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From the above research gaps, the graduate student has chosen the

topic “Human resource development in Vietnam in the condition of

forming an ASEAN Economic Community” to get an in-depth study of

human resource development Vietnam, based on the comparison with the AEC commitment on labor freedom and comparison with the human resources of other countries in the region, to help Vietnamese workers participate more effectively in the market working together with the AEC and maintaining its position in the domestic labor market when the labor of member countries moves in The topic does not coincide with any existing research topic In the topic, the author will inherit and supplement the research values of the predecessors so that the research results are systematic, specialized and up to date

Chapter 2 RATIONALE AND EXPERIENCE OF HUMAN RESOURCE

DEVELOPMENT

IN THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY

2.1 Some human resource development theories and concepts 2.1.1 Theories related to human resource development

* Model of assessing the capacity of employees KSA

* Labor market theory

* Human capital theory (human capital)

The above theories are applied by the dissertation in the research process of human resource development in the AEC formation in the following aspects:

Firstly, through the KSA model, the dissertation determines that the process of analyzing the quality of human resources in the AEC formation conditions will be performed on three criteria: Knowledge (including social knowledge, professional knowledge) Skills (including practical skills, soft skills, foreign language skills), Attitude (sense of organizational discipline, progress, culture of behavior at work )

Second, the analysis of supply in labor market theory has helped determine the criteria for assessing human resources in terms of quantity such as population, labor force participation rate