240 vocabulary words 6

Materials:As you introduce the les-sons, be sure to have the following items two exercises The second page includes: lesson wordscloze activity thinking activity with test prep fill-ins

240 Vocabular y Words Kids Need to Know

24 Ready-to-Reproduce Packets

That Make Vocabulary Building Fun & Effective

by Linda Ward Beech

New York • Toronto • London • Auckland • Sydney Mexico City • New Delhi • Hong Kong • Buenos Aires

Scholastic Inc grants teachers permission to photocopy the designated reproducible pages from this book

for classroom use No other part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, or

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical,

photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher For information

regarding permission, write to Scholastic Inc., 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012.

Cover design by Gerard Fuchs Interior design by Melinda Belter Interior illustrations by Steve Cox, Mike Moran

ISBN: 0-439-28046-X

Copyright © 2004 by Linda Ward Beech All rights reserved Printed in the U.S.A

■ Using the Book 4

■ Lesson 1: Synonyms 6

■ Lesson 2: Synonyms 9

■ Lesson 3: Antonyms 12

■ Lesson 4: Antonyms 15

■ Lesson 5: Compound Words 18

■ Lesson 6: Homophones 21

■ Lesson 7: Homographs 24

■ Lesson 8: Eponyms: People 27

■ Lesson 9: Eponyms: Places 30

■ Lesson 10: Words From Other Languages 33

■ Lesson 11: Words From Literature 36

■ Lesson 12: Words From Shakespeare 39

■ Lesson 13: Blends 42

■ Lesson 14: Content Words: Weather 45

■ Lesson 15: Content Words: Music 48

■ Lesson 16: Latin Roots aud, grat, ject 51

■ Lesson 17: Greek Word Parts aero, belli, pan 54

■ Lesson 18: Greek Word Parts chronos, phon 57

■ Lesson 19: British English 60

■ Lesson 20: Word Stories 63

■ Lesson 21: Funny Words 66

■ Lesson 22: Confusing Words 69

■ Lesson 23: Prefixes de-, fore-, im-, micro-, anti- 72

■ Lesson 24: Suffixes -ance, -ity, -al, -less, -ible 75

■ Word List 78

■ Answers 79

hard to imagine Words are a basic

build-ing block of communication, and a

strong vocabulary is an essential part of

reading, writing, and speaking well The

purpose of this book is to help learners

expand the number of words they know

and the ways in which they use them

Although 240 vocabulary words are

intro-duced, many more words and meanings

are woven into the book’s 24 lessons

Learning new words is not just about

encountering them; it’s about using

them, exploring them, and thinking

about them So the lessons in this book

are organized around different aspects

and attributes of words—related

mean-ings, how words are formed, where

words come from, homophones,

homo-graphs, word parts, blends, and much

more The lessons provide an

opportuni-ty for students to try out words, reflect

on words, and have fun with words

Materials:As you introduce the

les-sons, be sure to have the following items

two exercises

The second page includes:

lesson wordscloze activity

thinking activity with test prep fill-ins

Writing to Learn component

The third page includes:

puzzle, game, or otherlearning activity using the words

glum pacify verify suppress gregarious commotion haughty surmise consolidate destiny

❙A SYNONYMIS A WORD THAT MEANS THE SAME OR

ALMOST THE SAME THING AS ANOTHER WORD.

To pacify means “to soothe.”

If you verify something, you prove it is true.

Suppressmeans “subdue.”

If you’re gregarious, you’re friendly.

A commotion is a disturbance.

Haughtymeans “conceited.”

When you surmise, you guess.

When you consolidate things, you unify them.

Your destiny is your fate.

A Read the vocabulary word Find and circle two other words in the row that mean almost the same thing.

1 gregarious gruesome sociable gargantuan companionable

2 pacify disturb pack calm appease

3 consolidate conjure join merge console

4 glum morose gloomy glowing glad

5 haughty proud arrogant haunted handsome

6 commotion communicate peace uproar unrest

7 suppress quell guess crush provide

8 verify disprove confirm authenticate variety

B Write a vocabulary word to complete each sentence.

1.A fortune cookie might tell your _.

2.Sometimes you can _ something even if you don’t have all the facts.

A Use what you know Write the best word to complete each sentence.

1.Dana couldn’t a smile when the puppy skidded off the rug.

2.The postal clerk asked Anita to her address.

3.The arrival of the star caused quite a in the restaurant.

4.Do you ever wonder what your will be?

5.Rory is a person who loves parties.

6 The team was when their opponents won.

7.Mrs Young could only what had happened to the leftover chocolate cake.

8 The coach tried to the players when the referee’s zxcall went against them.

9 My sister and her husband had to their belongings when they got married.

10.The salesman was and rude, so Keiko decided not to buy from him.

B Read each question Choose the best answer.

1 What does an accident cause? ❒ promotion ❒ commotion ❒ gratitude

2.Who might be glum? ❒ partygoer ❒ prisoner ❒ vacationer

3.Which one is a talk show host? ❒ haughty ❒ timid ❒ gregarious

4.What does a detective do? ❒ verify ❒ pacify ❒ qualify

3 suppress

emphasize revolt restrain tempt stop suffuse subdue supreme encourage

You’ll find a complete

alphabetized list of all the

lesson words at the back

including some that are not given in the

les-son You may want to point out additional

meanings or invite students to discover

them independently

• Many words can be used as more than one

part of speech Again, you can expand

stu-dents’ vocabulary by drawing attention to

such usage

• As you go over the exercises with students,

discuss all the choices that are given and

why some of them are the wrong answers

In some cases, students may have to look up

words in order to determine if a choice is

correct or not

• Have students complete the Writing to Learn

activities in a notebook or journal so they

have a specific place where they can refer to

and review words

• Consider having students make a set of word

cards for each lesson, or make a class set

and place it in your writing center

• Build word family lists with words based

on major phonograms such as glum, clash,

or chips.

• Don’t hesitate to add your own writing

assignments The more students use a word,

the more likely they are to “own” it

teaching homographs Not all students maypronounce words in the same way and thiscan lead to confusion

• Use the words to teach syllabication rules

• Use the vocabulary words to teach relatedspelling and grammar rules

• Encourage students to make semantic mapsfor some words For instance, students mightorganize a map for a noun to show what theword is, what it is like, what it is not like,and include some examples of the word

• Have students illustrate some words

• Help students make connections by pointingout lesson words used in other contexts andmaterials

• Talk about other forms of a word, for

example pacify, pacifist, pacification, pacifier.

Encourage students to word build in this fashion

• Have students locate places on a world mapwhen studying word histories and wordsfrom other languages

• Have students categorize words

• Encourage students to consult more thanone reference and to compare information

Consider having students fill out Word Inventory Sheets before each lesson The headings for such a sheet might be:

Words I Know; Words I Have Seen but Don’t Really Know;

New Words Using pencils, students can list the v ocabulary words and probable meanings under the headings As the lesson proceeds, they can make revisions and additions.

glum pacify verify suppress gregarious

❙ A SYNONYMIS A WORD THAT MEANS THE SAME OR

ALMOST THE SAME THING AS ANOTHER WORD

If you verifysomething, you prove it is true

If you’re gregarious, you’re friendly

When you surmise, you guess

When you consolidatethings, you unify them

Your destinyis your fate

A Read the vocabulary word Find and circle two other words in the row that mean

almost the same thing.

B Write a vocabulary word to complete each sentence.

1.A fortune cookie might tell your _

2.Sometimes you can _ something even if you don’t have all the facts

Synonyms

If you’re glum,you’re dejected

glum pacify verify suppress gregarious

A Use what you know Write the best word to complete each sentence.

1.Dana couldn’t a smile when the puppy skidded off the rug

2.The postal clerk asked Anita to her address

3.The arrival of the star caused quite a in the restaurant

4.Do you ever wonder what your will be?

5.Rory is a person who loves parties

6 The team was when their opponents won

7.Mrs Young could only what had happened to the leftoverchocolate cake

8 The coach tried to the players when the referee’s call went against them

9 My sister and her husband had to their belongings whenthey got married

10.The salesman was and rude, so Keiko decided not to buyfrom him

B Read each question Choose the best answer.

1 What does an accident cause? ❒ promotion ❒ commotion ❒ gratitude

2.Who might be glum? ❒ partygoer ❒ prisoner ❒ vacationer

3.Which one is a talk show host? ❒ haughty ❒ timid ❒ gregarious

4.What does a detective do? ❒ verify ❒ pacify ❒ qualify

Play Tic-Tac-Synonym Read each word Then draw a line through three words in

the box that are synonyms for that word Your line can be vertical, horizontal,

or diagonal.

trembling dismal furious sensational awkward commune

delirious sullen glorious radiance corruption dangerous

revealing unhappy foolish tumult agitation disturbance

3 suppress

emphasize revolt restrain

tempt stop suffuse

subdue supreme encourage

react vanish infer quiet expire conceal

embrace surprise suppose dramatize placate edify

rebuild restore conjecture guarantee paddle soothe

disciple abundant petition noxious surge

❙ A SYNONYMIS A WORD THAT HAS THE SAME OR ALMOST

THE SAME MEANING AS ANOTHER WORD

Something poisonous is noxious

If you are valiant, you are brave

If you are haggard, you are exhausted

A Read the words in each row Write a vocabulary word that means almost the same thing.

B Write a vocabulary word for each clue.

1.This word can refer to a student _

2.This word means “a confusing arrangement.” _

disciple abundant petition noxious surge

A Use what you know Write the best word to complete each sentence.

1.The fumes from the old machine had a _ smell

2.Food was _ at the fancy buffet

3.According to this study, there’s been a _ in crime this year

4.The students took around a _ for more playground equipment and asked

people to sign it

5.After staying up all night writing a paper, Theo looked really _

6.The judge gave an _ ruling on the case

7.It is of _ importance that you finish all your assignments today

8.The prince in this tale was _ and trustworthy

9.Some farmers create a _ by cutting paths through their cornstalks in

the fall

10.The _ met with his teacher every day

B Read each question Choose the best answer.

1 What’s a labyrinth? ❒ complicated ❒ simple ❒ straightforward

2.What can surge? ❒ rock ❒ water ❒ star

3.What makes you haggard? ❒ sleep ❒ sleepy ❒ sleeplessness

4.Who is valiant? ❒ coward ❒ bystander ❒ hero

Write a vocabulary word that is a synonym for each word on the list Then use the words to help you get through the labyrinth.

tearful lacking

factual congenial lenient entice transparent

❙ AN ANTONYM IS A WORD THAT MEANS THE

OPPOSITE OF ANOTHER WORD

Something that is factual is based on facts

If you are congenial, you are agreeable

If you repel someone, you drive that person away

Something that is transparentis easily seen through

Something that is opaquedoes not allow light or understanding through

Antonyms

A Read each word Write a word from the box

that is an antonym.

stern impenetrable reject tolerant

hostile real compatible tempt

I’m make-believe. 240 Vocabulary

factual congenial lenient entice transparent

A Use what you know Write the best word to complete each sentence.

1.Gil felt that the penalty for being late was _ and unfair

2 The illustrations for the book were whimsical and _

3.Ilsa tried to _ the stray cat by leaving out food

4.The players hoped their coach would be _ about missing practice

5.Through the _ glass, Yori could see the guests at the party

6 The story our camp counselor told about a monster wasn’t at all _ !

7.Sometimes Kurt’s remarks are so _ , I can’t understand him

8.Everyone on the trip was _ and got along very well

9.The realtor worried that the musty odor in the vacant house would _potential buyers

10.When the woman got ahead of her in line, Tanya said something _

B Read each question Choose the best answer.

1.What is a blizzard? ❒ congenial ❒ lenient ❒ severe

2.Which one is disagreeable? ❒ argument ❒ conversation ❒ chat

3.Which one is fanciful? ❒ hippo ❒ gryphon ❒ crocodile

4.Which is most transparent? ❒ gauze ❒ wool ❒ denim

Rewrite Nolan’s e-mail to his friend, Clay Use an antonym for each underlined word.

Clay,

Are you lucky that your parents are so severe! They are way

disagreeable folks That factual story about getting caught on a tree

branch just made me chuckle Did they really believe that’s why you

couldn’t get home in time to help with the yard work? It was a very

opaque excuse Maybe next time they’ll be able to repel you to help

with some cool promises or something.

malice slovenly mandatory reverence posterity

❙ AN ANTONYM IS A WORD THAT MEANS THE

OPPOSITE OF ANOTHER WORD

When you show kindness, you act in a considerate way

If you are immaculate, you are very clean

Something that is mandatoryis required

Something that is unnecessaryisn’t needed

If someone shows disrespect, that person acts rudely

A Read the word in the first column Find and circle the word in the row that

is an antonym.

B Read the word in the first column Circle the word in the row that is an antonym, and underline the word that is a synonym.

Antonyms

your family from whom youare descended

malice slovenly mandatory reverence posterity

A Use what you know Write the best word to complete each sentence.

1.The doctor showed great gentleness and while treating the

confused man

2.At training camp, a swim before breakfast was a exercise

3.The rusty, abandoned cars in the yard gave the place a look

4.Mom said that a new shirt was because Dennis had plenty of shirts

5.The students made family trees and listed their on them

6.Talking during a play is a sign of to the actors and other members

of the audience

7.In her crisp uniform, the nurse looked neat and

8.“I hope my work will be read by ,” the author told the interviewer

9 The followers spoke with great for their beloved leader

10.The demonstrators were angry and showed toward their opposition

B Read each question Choose the best answer.

1.Who inherits? ❒ posterity ❒ ancestors ❒ contemporaries

2.Who shows malice? ❒ friend ❒ acquaintance ❒ enemy

3.What’s unnecessary? ❒ eating ❒ sleeping ❒ teasing

4.What does a boor show? ❒ reverence ❒ disrespect ❒ manners

Write the vocabulary word for each clue Then write the circled letters on the bered lines at the bottom of the page to answer the riddle.

num-WHAT DO CATS EAT WHEN THEY’RE IN A HURRY?

high-rise open-ended drive-in troubleshoot life span

❙ A COMPOUND WORD IS MADE UP OF TWO OR MORE WORDS PUT TOGETHER.

A COMPOUND WORD CAN BE WRITTEN AS ONE WORD OR AS TWO SEPARATE

WORDS SOME COMPOUND WORDS ARE HYPHENATED

When something is open-ended, it is not final

in their cars

When you troubleshoot, you eliminate problems

Energy from the sun is solar energy

If something is low-key, it is played down

Compound W ords

Your life span is the length of your life

A Draw a line to match each

vocabulary word with its meaning.

high-rise open-ended drive-in troubleshoot life span

A Use what you know Write the best word to complete each sentence.

1.An Asian elephant has a _ of up to 80 years

2.The Pappos family moved to the twentieth floor of a new _

3.Dad’s job at the fair was to _ and solve any issues

4.Several questions on the test were _ and had no one answer

5.This building is heated by _

6.Conchita takes a stretching class at the _ twice a week

7.When it comes to repairing cars, Cyrus has a lot of

8 The van in the photo is the one the robbers used in their _

9.The singer was _ and not at all flashy

10.On our trip, we bought lunch at a _ so we didn’t lose time

B Read each question Choose the best answer.

1.Where do you run? ❒ high rise ❒ health care ❒ health club

2.What’s good for a getaway? ❒ cart ❒ car ❒ carton

3.Who has know-how? ❒ novice ❒ student ❒ expert

4.Where can you get cash? ❒ drive-in ❒ run-in ❒ shut-in

Read each list of words Write a vocabulary word to go with each group.

1. nutrition 2. existence

bench-pressing survival

9. uncommitted 10. skill

limitless proficiencyundecided ability

sari waver hostel hue insight

❙ A HOMOPHONE IS A WORD THAT SOUNDS LIKE ANOTHER WORD

BUT HAS A DIFFERENT MEANING, SPELLING, AND ORIGIN

A sariis a garment worn by Hindu women

If you are sorry, you are apologetic

When you waver, you hesitate

Hueis a gradation of color

If you hewsomething, you chop or cut it out

Homophones

A Read the words in each row Write

the vocabulary word that means almost the same thing.

2. I sound like sorry,

but I am a

3. I sound like waver,

but I am a

sari waver hostel hue insight

A Use what you know Write the best word to complete each sentence.

1.The sky’s _ deepened as the sun set

2.The hikers stopped for the night at a youth _

3.Did the leaders try to _ the workers to trouble?

4.Fatima wrapped a beautiful yellow _ around her

5.You could see the deer _ as we interrupted their meal of our

yew bushes

6.The carver began to _ a figure from the wood

7.With sudden _ , Kaneko knew what she had to do

8 Jill was _ she had been so rude to the caller

9.Mr Fine agreed to a _ relinquishing his right to the property

10.The crowd seemed angry and _ to the visiting dignitaries

B Read each question Choose the best answer

1.What might a dieter do? ❒ wave ❒ waver ❒ waiver

2 Who says sorry? ❒ offender ❒ offended ❒ offensive

3.What hue is the ocean? ❒ purple ❒ orange ❒ blue

4.How do enemies feel? ❒ hostel ❒ hostile ❒ hospitable

If You Sign

a Waver , You Might

Be Sari

Incite into Hews for Your Home

Looking Good

in a Sorry

Don’t W aiver!

How to HueOut Your Shar

e

of Happiness

When to Insight a Rebellion

wound buffet incense pawn intimate

❙ A HOMOGRAPHIS A WORD THAT IS SPELLED THE SAME AS

ANOTHER WORD BUT HAS A DIFFERENT MEANING AND

SOMETIMES A DIFFERENT PRONUNCIATION

If you incensesomeone, you anger that person

A pawn is the lowest piece in a chess game

If you pawn something, you give it as a deposit for a loan

If you intimate something, you give a hint

A Read each sentence Then circle the correct pronunciation of the word.

1.Did the boss intimatethat Troy was getting a raise? a. in’ t ma¯t b. in’ t m t

2.Anita often burned incenseon the porch a. in’ sen(t)s b. in sen(t)s’

3.The restaurant had a huge buffeton Saturday nights a. b fa¯’ b. b f t’

4.Be careful not to incensethe bear a. in’ sen(t)s b. in sen(t)s’

5.That storm will buffetthe ships at sea a. b fa¯’ b. b f t’

6.The friends had known each other for years and were a. in’ t ma¯t b in’ t m t

B Write a vocabulary word for each underlined word or words.

1.Bruce moved a chess piece and then waited _

2.The doctor tended to the patient’s injury _

3.The dancers spun around the maypole _

4.Neil decided to stake his watch for a loan _

Homographs

ee

e

ee

wound buffet incense pawn intimate

A Use what you know Write the best word to complete each sentence.

1.Expertly, the mother a band around her daughter’s hair

2.We could smell the as we entered the church

3.Ruby captured the her opponent had moved

4.For dinner, an appetizing was set up along one side of the room

5.Although they lived on the same floor, the two families were not

6.After stumbling over a root, the climber had a nasty on his leg

7.Strong winds sometimes the chair lifts at this mountain

8.It will Dad if we leave the dirty dishes in the sink

9.The speaker’s words his feelings about the situation

10.When you jewelry, you don’t get much money for it

B Read each question Choose the best answer.

1.Can a buffet buffet? ❒ yes ❒ no

2 Can an intimate intimate? ❒ yes ❒ no

3.Can you pawna pawn? ❒ yes ❒ no

Show that you are a homograph hound Read each sentence Circle the number

beside the correct meaning for each boldfaced word If the numbers add up to 20,

you’re a winner and a homograph hound.

1.suggested 2.close 3.interior

B.Let’s take the flag down so the wind doesn’t buffetit too much

1.food service 2.batter 3.bother

C.The vet treated the dog’s wound

1.damaged flesh 2.twirled around 3.illness

D Judy bought several sticks of incense

1.intense 2.infuriate 3.aromatic substance

E.Did the host intimatethat the party was over?

1.affectionate 2.imply 3.instigate

F.The path woundthrough a field and up a hill

1.injury 2.bumped 3.twisted

G.As the player set up the board, one of the pawnsfell

1.chess pieces 2.shrimp 3.exchange for a loan

H.The shoppers were incensedwhen the store ran out of the sale item

1.perfumed 2.encouraged 3.enraged

I.More people come in to pawn things at the end of the month

1.make security deposit 2.play a board game 3.display

J.We heaped our plates with selections from the buffet

1.hit hard 2.food table 3.basket

derrick zinnia cardigan maverick boycott

❙ AN EPONYM IS A WORD THAT COMES FROM

THE NAME OF A PERSON OR PLACE

If you boycottsomething, you stop using it

A Write a vocabulary word for each sentence.

1.Saturn was a god in Roman myths _

2 Sequoya, a Cherokee, created a system of writing for his people _

in 1821

3.The Laconians of ancient Greece were known for their brief speech _

4 An Austrian doctor, Franz Mesmer, used hypnotism to treat patients _

5.J.T Brudenell, the Earl of Cardigan, wore a sweater that was open _

in the front

6.Samuel A Maverick was a Texas cattleman who didn’t brand his _ calves when other ranchers did

B Draw a line to match each word with its name story.

a famous hangman

in Ireland, the tenants turned against him

that fights infections

derrick zinnia cardigan maverick boycott

A Use what you know Write the best word to complete each sentence.

1.People threatened to _ the store because of its policies

2.Gwen took along a _ in case the day got cooler

3.The main character in the movie seemed glum and _ to the viewers

4.The oil field was crowded with _

5 The nurse applied _ to Ziggy’s cut

6.By late summer, Mom’s garden is bright with _

7.The children were by the musician and sat there listening for hours

8.A national park in California is noted for its stands of _ trees

9.She is very original and something of a _ in her field

10.Devon’s response to the question was short and _

B Read each question Choose the best answer.

1 Who boycotts? ❒ supporters ❒ protesters ❒ bystanders

2.Which one buttons? ❒ turtleneck ❒ pullover ❒ cardigan

3.Which one’s an annual? ❒ sequoia ❒ zinnia ❒ pecan tree

4.What does a maverick do? ❒ dissent ❒ consent ❒ relent

Writing to Lear n

Find out more about the history of one of the vocabulary words and the person

for whom it is named Write a paragraph to report on your research.

Read the clues Then find and circle each word in the puzzle Write the word next to the clue.

1.the tallest tree

2.a warm and wooly wrap

afghan badminton cashmere currants spaniel

❙ AN EPONYM IS A WORD THAT COMES FROM

THE NAME OF A PERSON OR PLACE

A Write the word from the box that goes with each sentence.

afghan currants atoll canary denim turquoise

1.This yellow finch is from the Canary Islands off western Africa

2.This fruit was named for the city of Corinth in ancient Greece

3.The word for this stone comes from the country of Turkey

4.This covering gets its name from the country of Afghanistan

5.This blue cloth came from a French town called Nîmes

6.The native word for the Maldive Islands is atolu, meaning “reef.”

B Draw a line to match each word with its name story.

afghan badminton cashmere currants spaniel

A Use what you know Write the best word to complete each sentence.

1.Before going out, Mr Durand wrapped a warm scarf around his neck

2.Fiona got a _ ring for her birthday

3.A cage hung by the window, and in it was a little _

4.The small boat moved slowly along the reef of the _

5.Our dog Scruffy is a brown and white _

6.We made jelly from the _ Dad picked

7.The uniforms of most mechanics are made from sturdy _

8.The cook added _ to the chicken to make a salad

9.Some of the guests played a game of _ before the barbecue

10.Jenna has a bright _ on her bed that her aunt made

B Read each question Choose the best answer.

1.Which one’s in the ocean? ❒ currant ❒ turquoise ❒ atoll

2.What are jeans made from? ❒ denim ❒ cashmere ❒ afghan

3.Which one flies? ❒ canasta ❒ canary ❒ cannery

4.Where do you use mayonnaise? ❒ sandwich ❒ cereal ❒ cake

Read the clues Then complete the puzzle.

1.has droopy ears and a silky coat

2.an island made of coral

3.a patterned coverlet

4.a feathered pet

5.a white dressing

6.berries used in buns

7.game named for an English estate

8.used for making sweaters

scow loiter algebra poodle orangutan

❙ MANY WORDS IN ENGLISH COME

FROM OTHER LANGUAGES.

Words From Dutch A scowis a flat-bottomed boat

If you frolic, you play in a frisky way

When you loiter, you linger

Words From Arabic Algebrais a branch of mathematics in which

letters are used to represent sets of numbers

Words From German A poodleis a type of dog

Words From Malay An orangutanis an ape that lives in trees

A Write Dutch, Arabic, German, or Malay to tell where the word for each

picture is from.

B Read the words Write a vocabulary word that means almost the same thing.

1.romp, cavort 2.dally, dawdle

3.barge, flatboat 4.expedition, exploration

Words From Other Languages

scow loiter algebra poodle orangutan

A Use what you know Write the best word to complete each sentence.

1.The guide led tourists on a _ to see wild animals in Africa

2 The vet clipped the thick curly hair on Barry’s pet _

3.Come straight home from school and don’t _ anywhere

4.In 1912, the Titanic hit an _ in the North Atlantic Ocean.

5.Ruth did her _ homework and then checked her equations

6.The _ is a common garment on many Pacific Islands

7.Through the pet show window, we could see the puppies _ and play

8.A _ carrying a load of coal moved slowly up the river

9.The swimming instructor demonstrated how to use the mask and _

10.The large hairy red ape called an _ comes from the rain forests of

Sumatra and Borneo

B Read each question Choose the best answer.

1.Which one do you wear? ❒ safari ❒ savanna ❒ sarong

2.Which one do you avoid? ❒ iceberg ❒ icing ❒ ibis

3.Which one might you buy? ❒ snorkel ❒ algebra ❒ orangutan

4.Which one might frolic? ❒ puddle ❒ paddle ❒ poodle

An analogy is a comparison based on how things are related to one another.

Complete each of these analogies with a vocabulary word.

1.A tabby is to a calico as a spaniel is to a _

2.Grammar is to punctuation as geometry is to _

3.A van is to a jeep as a freighter is to a _

4.Gregarious is to sociable as idle is to _

5.A blizzard is to a hurricane as a reef is to an _

6.A hike is to a trek as an expedition is to a _

7.A shawl is to a poncho as a skirt is to a _

8.Lenient is to easygoing as revel is to _

9.A helmet is to a cyclist as a _ is to a diver

10.A moose is to a deer as an _ is to an ape

Words From Other Languages

jabberwocky lilliputian quixotic narcissus robot

❙ NEW WORDS SOMETIMES COME FROM CHARACTERS,

PLACES, AND EVENTS IN LITERATURE.

Writing or speech that makes no sense is jabberwocky

Something very tiny is lilliputian

Someone who is romantic and impractical is quixotic

A miserly person is a scrooge / A malapropismis a funny misuse of words

Words From Literature

mechanicaldevice thatperformshuman tasks

A Write a vocabulary word for

each sentence.

1.People only six inches tall live on the

island of Lilliput in Gulliver’s Travels

3.In the play, The Rivals by Richard

Sheridan, Mrs Malaprop has trouble

getting things straight

4.Karel Capek made up a word for

machines that work for people in his

play called R.U.R.

5.In Roman mythology, Hercules does

twelve impossible labors

6.Scrooge is a selfish character in A

Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens.

B Write the letter of its literary source beside each word.

1 jabberwocky _

2 narcissus _

3 utopia _

4 puckish _

a.An impish character named Puck

appears in A Midsummer Night’s Dream

by William Shakespeare

b.Lewis Carroll created an imaginary

animal called a Jabberwock in Through

the Looking-Glass.

c In a Greek myth, a youth namedNarcissus falls in love with his ownimage and finally turns into a flower

d.In 1551, Sir Thomas More wrote aboutUtopia, an island with a perfect socialand political system

jabberwocky lilliputian quixotic narcissus robot

A Use what you know Write the best word to complete each sentence.

1.That man doesn’t like to spend his money and is sometimes called a _

2.Ginnie has lots of noble but unworkable ideas; she’s rather

3 In the spring, large clusters of cover the fields

4 Mom thinks it would be great to have a to do the household chores

5.This essay has no meaning; it’s just

6.Henry is a fun-loving guy with a smile

7.With effort, the little girl managed to carry her suitcase upstairs

8.In a , the speaker meant to say a “rude awakening,” but instead blurted out a “shrewd awakening.”

9.The dollhouse furniture was a copy of our living room furniture

10 Many reformers have had dreams of better societies

B Read each question Choose the best answer.

1 Which one suggests confusion? ❒ malady ❒ malapropism ❒ malevolent

2 What does a robot do? ❒ dream ❒ work ❒ think

3.Which one is an ant? ❒ lilliputian ❒ gargantuan ❒ utopian

4.What kind of person is more fun? ❒ scrooge ❒ puckish ❒ Herculean

Play a game of Move On Find a word in the first box that does not have the same

meaning as the other three words Move that word to the next box by writing it on

the blank line The first one is done for you Continue until you reach the last box.

Complete the sentence in that box.

Words From Literature

tinysmalllilliputianquixotic

quixotic

_

impracticalpuckishunworkable

impishplayful _

narcissus

jonquildaffodiljabberwocky _

visionaryidealisticmalapropism _

_

nonsenseHerculeansenseless

utopian _

powerfullaborious

_

misspokenmisnomerrobot

machine _

scroogeautomaton

Don’t be a _

barefaced monumental majestic dwindle hint

❙ WRITERS OFTEN MAKE UP WORDS THESE WORDS AND 1,685 OTHERS

WERE ALL INTRODUCED BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

If something is barefaced, it is without disguise

When something dwindles, little remains of it

A hintis an indirect suggestion

If you castigatesomeone, you scold or punish that person

If you are frugal, you spend your money carefully and sparingly

A gustis a rush of wind

A Read the vocabulary word Find and circle two other words that mean almost the same thing.

B Write a vocabulary word for each clue.

1.an inkling 2 brilliance

Words From Shakespeare