tự học tiếng nhật trong 90 ngày

Đây là cuốn sách đầu tiên trong bộ sách Nói tiếng Nhật trong 90 ngày. Nó bao gồm tất cả các ngữ pháp được kiểm tra trong JLPT N5 (Kỳ thi Năng lực Nhật ngữ) cũng như hầu hết các ngữ pháp trong JLPT N4. Vui lòng đọc các phần sau đây sẽ hướng dẫn bạn cách học với cuốn sách này. Cảm ơn bạn đã mua hàng của bạn, tôi hy vọng bạn thích học với cuốn sách này

A Self Study Guide to Becoming Fluent

Copyright © Kevin Marx 2015

All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted

in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,recording, or any other information storage and retrieval system, without priorpermission in writing from the author

Foreword

The Japanese Writing System and PronunciationKatakana Words

Certainty

Negative Te-Form

Adjectives

Adverbs and Adjectival NounsAdjective Commands

Conclusion

This is the first book in the series Speak Japanese in 90 Days It covers all of thegrammar tested in the JLPT N5 (Japanese Language Proficiency Test) as well asmost of the grammar in the JLPT N4 Please read the following sections whichwill teach you how to study with this book Thank you for your purchase, I hopeyou enjoy studying with this book!

How to Study

This book consists of 90 lessons that can be studied in one day each Each lessonwill present you with ten vocabulary words to memorize and most will also

contain a grammar structure to memorize To memorize vocabulary, please usenote cards, or some device to write down the vocabulary words, and follow themethod that will be outlined in the following paragraphs If you do not wish tocreate your own note cards, you can use the E-note cards provided at the end ofthis book However, creating your own note cards and writing out the words willhelp you learn and memorize the vocabulary It is important that you have access

to your vocabulary at all times during the day

On both sides of the card write the numbers 1-10 On one side write the Englishword and on the other side write the Japanese equivalent Read word number one

out loud Flip the card Read the Japanese equivalent word out loud Go on to

the second word Do this at least ten times for each word You may notice, bythe tenth time, that you can remember some of the words without making any

effort Please note that out loud is bold and underlined It is extremely important that you say the words out loud.

Do this at least three times a day The more often you do it, the easier it will be

to recall the words At the end of the day, try to make a sentence with the wordsyou've memorized, or simply use the sample sentences provided in this book.Making sentences with your vocabulary words is just as important as saying

everything out loud If you do these two simple things, your progress will be

much faster Practice each new card along with the old ones every day until youare able to freely use the vocabulary words on your own Review all vocabulary

You brain will play tricks on you, and you may begin to memorize the order ofthe words on the card, so it is important to mix them up, do the odd words, then

do the even words Do the words backwards You can also switch the languageyou start with Start on the English side to improve your speaking, start on the

Japanese side to improve your reading and listening Say everything out loud.

Motivation

The most difficult thing to learning a language is actually taking the time tostudy Languages are different than most subjects, in that you cannot cram the

information in one sitting You must study as often as possible rather than as

long as possible It is imperative that you study and practice every day You will

gain more benefit from studying every day for fifteen minutes than you willfrom studying two hours once a week Your motivation for learning Japanese isvery important Ask yourself, why do I want to study Japanese? Remind yourself

of the reason Tell yourself I want to study Japanese Say it, out loud, right now:

I want to study Japanese It is all a matter of will You may find yourself one

day feeling lazy, your thoughts telling you to relax, to procrastinate Do not letthis happen to you Do not give in to negativity If you feel this is happening,remind yourself of why you want to speak Japanese, remind yourself that youwant to do this You want to study You want to improve It is my hope that youare able to finish this book in 90 days, however, everyone has different learningcurves and busy lives, so if you find that it may take you 180, or even 360 days

to finish this book, do not feel down This book was designed to be done at yourown pace You can do it! Good luck!

Practicing

You perfect what you practice If you play video games all day, you will getgood at playing video games, if you read books all day, you will become a fastreader The same goes for language, if you practicing reading, you will increaseyour reading skill, if you practice listening, you will increase your listening skill,

if you practice speaking, you will increase your speaking skill The problem formost people learning a language is that they waste time doing written grammar

That being said, you're going to have to drastically change the way you thinkabout language and how you express things in Japanese Often times, simplyknowing all the vocabulary and grammar of a sentence will not let you

understand its meaning

One thing that is unique about Japanese, is that they drop every word from the sentence that can be understood from context This is the reason why

computer translations of Japanese are notoriously terrible, the computer doesn't

understand the context of the situation For example, the sentence: I am giving this to you, will just be one word, the verb ageru あげる[上げる](to give) This isbecause in this situation, it is understood who is doing the giving and receiving,and obviously someone is holding something in their hand and extending itoutward, so we don't really need to say that, do we?

Another thing you must get used to, is thinking backwards Word order, verb

placement, and clause position in Japanese is, for the most part, opposite that of

read Japanese, it's going to take you an even longer time to start thinking in

Japanese

Japanese is a very hierarchical language In this book we will cover polite andcasual forms of verbs, but there are also a few other forms used when talking tosomeone of higher status than you, and even forms for talking to things belowyou, like your pets It is also very gender specific, men and women talk

differently in Japanese These nuances will take time and practice, so just keepthat in mind

Though there are a lot of things that can make Japanese difficult, one easy thing

to know is that Japanese has no plural form of nouns, so you don't need to

memorize any grammar for that Isn't it great?!

u-e-o

sound N You already know words like karate and sushi, so remember to

pronounce every vowel in Japanese, like you do with these words

In Japanese, the letter R and L are the same kana, that's why Japanese peoplehave so much trouble pronouncing these The sound in Japanese is really a

combination of the two, and in linguistics, is called a palatal D You make thesound by tapping your palate with your tongue Speakers of Spanish and Germanmake this sound when they roll their Rs, but that version has multiple hits on thepalate, the Japanese version is just one hit So try it right now, try to make the Rand L sound at the same time by rolling your tongue Start with the R sound and

roll it into an L, tapping your palate Another trick is to start by saying la la la

out loud Do you see how the tip of your tongue taps your teeth? Now trying

saying la la la again, but this time move the tip of your tongue back a bit, and

tap your palate instead It's pretty easy, right?

ナ and kanji 漢字 Hiragana is used for Japanese words Katakana is used for

foreign words Kanji are the scary messy things that take some serious amount oftime to study and learn Writing words using the alphabet is called romaji ローマ

字, and there are many different romaji systems! This book will use the Hepburnromaji style with a few Wapuro romaji modifications to make it as easy as

possible for new students to read

Surprisingly, hiragana and katakana are pretty easy to learn If you haven't

learned them already, make that your first priority I highly recommend that youwrite using the Japanese system on your note cards The faster you stop usingthe English alphabet, the better The basic way to learn hiragana and katakana is

to just write them over and over I recommend doing five kana a day There areabout 50 of each, so you can do this in less than three weeks Visual referencesare helpful, so I recommend this very helpful kana wall chart, which you canhang in your room to give yourself a daily visual reference and immerse yourself

in Japanese

Kanji are quite difficult Basically, each kanji is comprised of about 200

different possible parts You can try to memorize these parts and then construct ameaning out of the kanji from its components, but that will not be covered at all

in this book The kanji themselves each have a few core meanings Sometimes itcan be helpful to look up the core meaning of a kanji when you are having

trouble using a vocabulary word, to help you get a better understanding of theroot meaning There are many resources you can use for studying kanji In myopinion the best one available is the Kanji Learner's Course by Andrew ScottConning (Kodansha USA, 2013), which can be used with an excellent series ofgraded reading sets and a sequential wall chart Good luck!

Every vocabulary word and example sentence in this book will be written usingthe Japanese writing system as well as the equivalent pronunciation using theEnglish system So don't worry, even if you are a complete beginner and can't

read Japanese, you will be able to speak it soon!

first is that some of the kana are limited, there is no yi, ye, wi, we, or wu The second is that the pronunciation changes with a few of the kana Si becomes shi,

ti becomes chi, tu becomes tsu, hu becomes fu The last thing we should take note of is the pronunciation of wo をヲ When written in hiragana, you don't

pronounce the w, it has the same pronunciation as oお

Some of the kana we have learned are unvoiced We can change each kana to itsvoiced equivalent by adding these two dots that look like quotation marks to thetop right of the kana Here are the changes:

doubled consonant For example yokatta よかった or chotto ちょっと

You may sometimes see a small version of the vowels written next to other kana.This is used in modern Japanese to write sounds that don't normally exist For

example viヴぃ But actually, most people will just say biびビ instead of viヴぃ

because it is easier for them So these sounds are quite rare When you want towrite the small version of a vowel on an electronic device, precede the letterwith an X For example to write ティ, you write t-e-x-i, though of course, this is pronounced ti.

You can extend the oおオ vowel sound by adding a uうウ For Example the word

chou ちょう has the same pronunciation as choちょ, but you pronounce the vowel

a bit longer There are a couple exceptions, but don't worry about them Along

will just make a long e vowel sound, and some will pronounce both, so watch out! When you write using katakana カタカナ, you can extend any vowel sound

by adding a dash that looks like this: ー

When we have a kana that ends in aあア and combined with iいイ, like zai ざい,

the ai sound is pronounced like eye So zai ざい ee.

is pronounced like z-eye, not za-Another thing to note is that when suすス or shiしシ are at the end of a word, the

add a uう to the oお vowel and you might find it Good luck!

One good thing about Japanese, is that they have an amazing amount of loan

words from other languages These are called gairaigo がいらいご[外来語](foreignorigin words) in Japanese We can call these words Katakana Words becausethey are written with katakana When Japanese students first learn English, theylearn to pronounce the words using their own writing system Because of this, ifyou pronounce English words using Japanese pronunciation, someone will beable to more easily understand you The following is a list of Katakana Wordsderived from English If you can read katakana, please practice these words now

Today we will learn some basic question words Try saying these to your friendsand watch at how amazed they are at your speaking ability! The format of the

vocabulary section will be: the English word in bold, followed by the Japanese

pronunciation using the Alphabet in italics, followed by the word using the

Japanese writing system, followed by the [kanji] in brackets if one is available.Some words have a kanji but are usually written with only kana If this is the

case, you will see a (UK) next to the word This means usually kana Though

I've chosen the word usually, some words are never written with kanji, and some words are only sometimes written with kanji There really are no rules for when

to use kanji and when not to, but in general, grammatical words, and words thatare used very often, will be written with kana only

the Japanese version of what for, or, how come? Doushite どうして[如何して] is the

polite version of why.

6 how dou どう [如何] (UK) / how (polite) ikaga いかが [如何] (UK)

7 which (out of two choices) docchi どっち

I hope you are enjoying saying some Japanese phrases Today we will learn afew greetings and farewells to accompany the question words you learned

yesterday I bet you already know konnichiwa こんにちは[今日は] Look at you!You can already speak Japanese!

Speaking of which, I bet you already know how to say yes in Japanese, of

course, you already know it's hai はい How about no? No is iie いいえ There are

also casual versions of these words, similar to yeah and nah in English In Japanese you can say un うん(yeah) and uun ううん(nah) Say the vowel longer

with nah Another way to say yeah is ee ええ

Remember, when you study, say everything out loud! Since a lot of today'swords are phrases and not simple vocabulary words, they will be separated line

10 Hello (on the phone).

Moshi moshi (some people pronounce this mushi mushi).

もしもし。

You've made it to Day 3! It is my hope that with these first few lessons, you willbecome accustomed to the studying method that was previously outlined, so that

in later lessons when we start introducing grammar, you will already have the

vocabulary studying method down Today we will learn how to say thank you, sorry, and what to say when you meet someone A lot of these words don't

literally translate to their English counterparts, so I'm going to explain some ofthem a bit

In English we have the phrase How do you do, which most people don't use

anymore In Japanese, when people meet for the first time, they will say

hajimemashite はじめまして[初めまして]

To say nice to meet you in Japanese, we say yoroshiku onegaishimasu よろしくお ねがいします[宜しくお願いします] The first word yoroshiku よろしく[宜しく] means

good or alright and the second word onegaishimasu おねがいします[お願いします]

means to beg, so we are literally saying I'm begging you to be good Sounds rather serious! Onegaishimasu おねがいします[お願いします] is also a polite way to

say please.

To ask How are you? in Japanese we use the phrase ogenki desu ka おげんきです

か[お元気ですか] This is literally asking Are you healthy? To answer I'm fine or I'm well we say hai, genki desu はい、げんきです[はい、元気です] If we are just so

so we can use the word maamaa まあまあ in place of genki げんき[元気]

The word for name in Japanese is namae なまえ[名前] I bet after reading this justnow you've already memorized it, so I'm not going to include it in today's

vocabulary To say my name is, simply say your name and add desuです There is

To say you're welcome we use the word dou itashimashite どういたしまして We

can also use the casual version iie iie いいえいいえ, which literally means no no, and translates to something like no problem.

Day 3 Vocabulary:

In today's lesson we are going to learn some very common phrases that have notranslation in English

Ittekimasu いってきます[行って来ます] is a phrase you say when you are leavingsomewhere to the people who are staying at the place you are leaving It literally

like It is constantly being said by store clerks and it means please come in, or welcome.

Ojamashimasu おじゃまします[お邪魔します] is a phrase you say when entering

someone else's house It literally means I'm bothering you.

Otsukaresama deshita おつかれさまでした[お疲れ様でした] is used to say goodbye in the workplace It can be translated as you worked hard today and is often used in

other contexts anytime someone does some hard work

Douzo どうぞ is used to say please But not the please we use when giving a command This please means go ahead or do as you like.