Ngữ Pháp Căn Bản Ôn Thi Tốt NghiệpSOME BASIC STRUCTURES Cấu trúc cơ bản 1.. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả a.. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF REASON Mệnh đề trạng ngữ ch
Trang 1Ngữ Pháp Căn Bản Ôn Thi Tốt Nghiệp
SOME BASIC STRUCTURES (Cấu trúc cơ bản)
1 PHRASES OF RESULT(Cụm từ chỉ kết quả)
a TOO (quá … không thể)
Ex: He is too short to play basketball
Tom ran too slowly to become the winner of the race This book is too dull for you to read
b ENOUGH (đủ … để có thể)
Ex: Mary isn't old enough to drive a car
She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter It is cold enough to wear a heavy jacket
2 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả)
a SO … THAT (quá (nhiều/ít)… đến nỗi)
Ex: It was so dark that I couldn't see anything
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class
The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team
He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now
b SUCH THAT (quá … đến nỗi)
Ex: It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it
3 PHRASES OF REASON (Cụm từ chỉ lí do)
She stayed at home because of feeling unwell
4 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF REASON (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lí do)
Ex: Because she behaves well, everybody loves her
As he behaved badly, he must be punished
5 PHRASES OF CONCESSION (Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
Ex: Despite the rain, we go to school on time
In spite of having a headache I enjoyed the film
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S + be/look/ seem/ become/ get/ feel/ + TOO + Adj (+ for + 0) + to V 0 ….
S + V (thường) + TOO + Adv (+ for + 0) + to V0 ….
S + be/look/ seem/ become/ get/ feel/ + Adj + ENOUGH (+ for + 0) + to V 0
S + V (thường) + Adv + ENOUGH (+ for + 0) + to V0
S + be/look/ seem/ become/ get/ feel/ + SO + Adj
S + V(thường) + SO + Adv
S + V + SO + many/ few + N (đếm được số nhiều) + THAT + S + V…
S + V + SO + much/ little + N (không đếm được)
Because of
As a result of (bởi vì) + Noun / Noun phrase / V -ing
Due to
S + V + SUCH + (a/ an) + Adj + N + THAT + S + V…
Because of
As a result of (bởi vì) + Noun / Noun phrase / V -ing
Due to
Because
Since (bởi vì) + S + V …
As
Despite
(mặc dù) + Noun / Noun phrase / V -ing
In spite of
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Ngữ Pháp Căn Bản Ôn Thi Tốt Nghiệp
6 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time
Even though I didn’t know anybody at the party, I had a nice time
Ex: No matter who you are, I still love you
What others may say, you are certainly right
7 CLAUSES AFTER “ AS IF, AS THOUGH ” (Mệnh đề sau “as if và as though”)
Ex: He acts as though he were rich
The old lady dresses as if she owned the place
8 CLAUSES AFTER “ IT’S TIME, IT’S HIGH TIME ” (Mệnh đề sau “ it’s time/it’s high time”)
Ex: It’s time you started to work
It’s high time the boy was in bed
It’s high time to buy a car
9 CLAUSES AFTER “ WOULD RATHER ” (Mệnh đề sau”would rather”)
Ex: I would rather you went home now
Tomorrow is difficult I’d rather you came next week
Ex: I would rather stay at home tonight
John would rather go to class tomorrow than today
I prefer going to the cinema to staying at home She prefers oranges to apples
10 PHRASES OF PURPOSE (Cụm từ chỉ mục đích)
Ex : I learn English to study abroad = I learn English in order to study abroad
11 CLAUSES OF PURPOSE (Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích )
Ex : I’m buying some paint so that I can paint my room = I’m buying some paint in order that I can paint my room
SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (Biến đổi câu)
MODEL 1
Ex: Because she behaves well, everybody loves her. Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her
Although
Though (mặc dù) + S + V …
Even though
No matter + who/what/when/where/why
How (adj/adv) (dù …đi nữa) + S + V ….
Whatever (+ N)
S + AS IF/AS THOUGH + S +
V (past) (như thể, dường như) had + V 3/ed ….
It’s time/it’s high time (đã tới lúc) + S + V 2/ed …
It’s time/it’s high time (đã tới lúc) + (for + O) + to V 0 ….
S + would rather (that) + S + V 2/ed …
(mong muốn rằng)
S + would rather (not) + V 0 … (than) …
(muốn)
S + prefer + V -ing / Noun… + to V 0 ….
Because
Since (bởi vì) + S + V …
As
Because of
As a result of (bởi vì) + Noun / Noun phrase / V
-ing … Due to
( will / would / can /could/may/might… )
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MODEL 2
Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time
Despite the noise, we continued to study our lessons Though it was very noisy, we continued to study our
lessons
MODEL 3
Ex: The film was so good that I saw it three times It was such a good film that I saw it three times
It is such a bad book that nobody reads it This book is so bad that nobody reads it
MODEL 4
Ex: Mary is too young to get married Mary isn’t old enough to get married
The tea was not cool enough for her to drink The tea was too hot for her to drink
MODEL 5
Ex: This raincoat is so small that she can’t wear it This raincoat is too small for her to wear
It was such an interesting novel that I read it many times.The novel was interesting enough for me to read many times
This question is easy enough for us to answer This question is so easy that we can answer
The box was too heavy for the child to carry It was such a heavy box that the child couldn’t carry it
MODEL 6
Ex: To live on my salary must be hard I find it hard to live on my salary
MODEL 7 (Câu điều kiện)
Note: Clause1 + so + clause2 If + clause1 … , clause 2
Clause1 + because + clause2 If + clause2 … , clause 1
Ex: He can’t do the test because it is too difficult If the test weren’t too difficult, he could do it
I didn’t eat anything so I was hungry I wouldn’t have been hungry if I had eaten something
MODEL 8
Note: Không được thay đổi loại điều kiện, chỉ thay đổi cấu trúc thì của loại điều kiện đã cho.
MODEL 9
Ex: Tom and Mary have been married for five years It is five years since Tom and Mary were married
I haven’t seen my father for one month It’s one month since I last saw my father
MODEL 10 (Câu ao ước)
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Despite
(mặc dù) + Noun / Noun phrase / V -ing
In spite of
Although
Though (mặc dù) + S + V …
Even though
S + HAD V 3/ed … + time … It is + time … + since … + V 2/ed …
SO …THAT SUCH … THAT
TOO … + to-infinitive
ENOUGH … + to V 0
To V 0 … + be + Adj/N … S + V + it + Adj/N + to V 0 …
… SO …THAT / SUCH … THAT … …TOO … + to-infinitive / ENOUGH … + to V 0 …
If …not Unless …
- Hiện tại Câu ở
- Quá khứ
- Loại 2 (Quá khứ đơn) IF
- Loại 3 (Quá khứ hoàn thành)
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My wife can’t speak French I wish my wife could speak French
What a pity you failed in your driving test I wish you hadn’t failed in your driving test
MODEL 11
Ex: I haven’t heard him since August The last time I heard him was in August
I haven’t seen him since I was a student I last saw him when I was a student
MODEL 12
Ex: He started working for this factory a year ago
He has been working for this factory for a year./He has been working for this factory since last year
MODEL 13
MODEL 14
MODEL 15(Thể truyền khiến)
Câu chủ động
Câu bị động
MODEL 16(Câu bị động)
Ex: The police is questioning him
MODEL 17
Ex: My mother was the most warm-hearted person I’ve ever known
I’ve never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother
MODEL 18
- Tương lai
Câu ở - Hiện tại
- Quá khứ
- would + V 1 Wish - Quá khứ đơn
- Quá khứ hoàn thành
S + have/has + not + V3/ed … since (for)… - S + last + V 2/ed … when…
- The last time + S + was ….
S + V (past) … ago S + have/has + been + V -ing + since (for)…
S + V + … + time … It take/took + (Object) + time + to V 0 …
( Ai mất thời gian bao lâu để làm gì)
S + didn’t +V 1 … until… It was not until … that… (Mãi cho đến khi… )
have + V 0
S + Object 1 Object 2 ……
get + to V 0
have
S + + Object + V 3/ed
get
S + V + Object … S + be + V 3/ed … + (by) ….
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Câu chủ động
Câu bị động
Ex: They think that the owner of the house is abroad It is thought that the owner of the house is abroad
The owner of the house is thought to be abroad
People thought that he had died in battle It was thought that he had died in battle
He was thought to have died in battle
MODEL 19
Ex: Susan isn’t as good at chemistry as Sarah Sarah is better at chemistry than Susan
MODEL 20
Ex: As he grows older, he becomes increasingly cheerful The older he grows, the more cheerful he becomes
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SO SÁNH KÉP Clause 1 + Clause 2
It + is / was + V 3/ed (của V 1 ) + that + S + V 2/ed +….
to V
0 … (khi V2 /ed ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
S + be + V 3/ed (của V
1 ) +
to have + V 3/ed … (khi V2 ở quá khứ)