Phrase and clause of Reason (MÖnh ®Ò vµ côm tõ chØ nguyªn do). 1.[r]
Trang 1Phrase and clause of result
(Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ kết quả)
1 Phrase of result
* Too: Quá
He is very short He can’t reach to the top of the shelf
> He is too short to reach to the top of the shelf
This film is very boring I don’t want to see it
> This film is too boring for me to see it
She speaks so quickly Everybody can’t understand him
> She speaks too quickly for everybody to
understand him
S + to be (feel, smell, look ) + too + adj + for sbd + to V0
S + V + too + adv + for sbd + to V0
(Quá cái gì làm gì: Không có khả năng làm gì)
* Enough: Đủ
This book is interesting I can read it
> This book is interesting enough for me to read
He works hard He can pass the exam
> He works hard enough to pass the exam
I have time I have visit you
> I have enough time to visit you
> I have time enough to visit you
S + to be (feel, smell, look ) + adj + enough + (for sbd) + to V0
S + V + adv + enough+ (for sbd) + to V0
S + V + enough + Noun + (for sbd) + to V0
(Đủ cho ai làm gì: Có khả năng làm gì)
2 Clause of result
* So that: Quá đến nỗi mà
It was very dark I couldn’t see everything
> It was so dark that I couldn’t see everything
He runs very fast I can’t catch him
> He runs so fast that I can’t catch him
S + to be (feel, smell, look ) + so + adj + that S + V + O
S + V + so+ adv + that S + V + O
I have many friends I can’t remember all of their names
> I have so many friends that I can’t remember all of their names
There is so little sugar that I can’t make a cake
S + V + so+ many/ few + plural count N + that S + V + O much/ little + non- count N
Trang 2adj + a/an + singular count N
* Such that: Quá đến nỗi mà
He is an intelligent boy Everyone knows him
> He is such an intelligent boy that everyone knows him
It is hot tea I can’t drink it
> It is such a hot tea that I can’t drink
S + V + such+ a/an + adj + singular count N + that S + V + O adj + plural count N
adj + non- count N
EX: This city is so big that I want to go
> It is such a big city that I want to go
It is such an expensive car that I can’t buy it
> This car is so expensive that I can’t buy it
Phrase and clause of purpose
(Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ mục đích)
1 Phrase of purpose
- Để diễn tả mục đích khẳng định ta dùng cụm từ sau:
To
In order to + V0 (để mà)
So as to
I get up early to/in order to/ so as to catch the train
She learns hard to pass the exam
- Để diễn tả mục đích phủ định:
In order not to + V0 (để mà không)
So as not to
I took a raincoat in order not to be wet
2 Clause of purpose
So that/ in order that: để mà
I get up early so that I can catch the bus
Trang 3She hurried in order that she wouldn’t be late
S+ V(s, es) + In order that + S+ can/may/shall/will + V0
So that
S+ V(ed) + In order that + S+ could/might/should + V0
So that
Note: - Chúng ta sử dụng cụm từ chỉ mục đích to, in order to, so as to khi chủ
ngữ của 2 mệnh đề giống nhau
- Nếu chủ ngữ của 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thi khi sử dụng cụm từ chỉ mục
đích sử dụng cấu trúc
In order for sbd to + V0 (để cho ai làm gì)
He was in a hurry He wanted his children to go to class on time
> He was in a hurry so that his children to go to class on time
> He was in a hurry in order for his children to go to class on time
Phrase and clause of Reason
(Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ nguyên do)
1 Phrase of reason
N Because of + N phrase Ving
He was worried because of the rain
Because of not getting up early he was late for school
* Note: - Khi đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ nếu 2 chủ ngữ giống nhau ta có thể sử dụng danh động từ
She stayed at home because she was sick
> She stayed at home because of being sick
- Nếu chủ ngữ khác nhau muốn sử dụng cụm từ chỉ nguyên do thì phải đặt
sở hữu cách trớc danh động từ
She wasn’t happy because he failed the exam
> She wasn’t happy because of his failing the exam
2 Clause of reason
Đợc nối với mệnh đề chính bằng các từ: because, since, as
Because /since/as + S + V+ O
* Note: Since và as thờng đặt đầu câu
He came ten minutes late because he missed the train
> Since/ As he missed the train, he came ten munites late
Trang 4Phrase and clause of Concession
(Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ sự nhợng bộ)
1 Phrase of concession
N
In spite of/ Despite + N phrase Ving
In spite of the rain, he went to work
Despite he bad grades, she was admitted to the university
2 Clause of result
Although, though, even though + S + V+ O Although it rained, he went to work
Although she had bad grades, she was admitted to the university
No mater + Who/what/where/ when/ why/ how (adj , adv) + S + V (dù ai )
No mater who you are, I still believe you
No mater what she says, I still agree with her
No mater how fast/quickly you run, I can catch you
Whoever/whatever/whereever/ whenever/ however (adj , adv) +S + V (dù ai ) Whoever you are, I still believe you