Khi đổi câu trực tiếp (stataments) sang gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố: ngôi, thì của động từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chôn.. (xem phần lưu ý chung) EX1 He said to me, “I and you w[r]
Trang 1REPORTED SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH WITH INFINITIVES REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND
LƯU Ý CHUNG :
Trang 20 THAY ĐỔI THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ:
1 Present simple: V1
2 Present cont.:am/is/are + Ving
3 Persent pecfect: has/ have + V3/ed
4 Past simple: V2/ed
5 Past cont.: was/ were + Ving
6 Past perfect: had + V3/ed
7 Future simple: will/shall + V0
8.can
9 may
10 must
Past simple: V2/ed Past cont.: was/were + Ving Past perfect: had/V3/ed Past perfect: had + V3/ed Past cont.: was/ were + Ving Past perfect: had + V3/ed would / should +V0
could might had to
1 THAY ĐỔI TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN VÀ NƠI CHỐN:
1 today/ tonight
2 yesterday
3 last week
4 ago
5 now
6 tomorrow
7 next week
8 this
9 these
10 here
that day/ that night the day before the week before before
then the following day the following week that
those there EX: He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week.
2 THAY ĐỔI NGÔI:
- Đổi ngôi thứ NHẤT phù hợp với CHỦ TỪ trong mệnh đề chính
- Đổi ngôi thứ HAI phù hợp với TÚC TỪ TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
- Ngôi thứ BA không đổi
Adjective
Possessive Pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun
Trang 3I me my mine myself
REPORTED SPEECH
Reported speech statements
1 Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang: “said” hoặc “told”
2 Khi đổi câu trực tiếp (stataments) sang gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố: ngôi, thì của động từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chôn (xem phần lưu ý chung) EX1 He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week.
EX2 He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week.
EX3 He said to me , “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week.
S + said (to + O) + that + S + V …
S + told + O + that + S + V …
Reported speech yes / no questions
1 Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang “asked”
2 Thêm if hoặc whether vào trước câu gián tiếp
3 Đổi câu hởi ra thành câu xác định
4 Thay đổi ba yếu tố: ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian.
(xem phần lưu ý chung)
EX1 He said to me,”Will you go with her father next week?”
He asked me if / whether I would go with her father the following week.
EX2 He said to me, “Will you go with her father next week?”
He asked me if / whether I would go with her father the following week.
EX3 He said to me, “Will you go with her father next week?”
He asked me if / whether I would go with her father the following week.
Trang 4S + said (to + O) + that + S + V …
S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V …
Reported speech Wh questions
1 Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang: “asked”
2 Giữ nguyên từ hỏi: Who, What, When, Why, How, …
3 Đổi câu hỏi thành câu xác định
4 Thay đổi ba yếu tố: ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian.
(xem phần lưu ý chung)
EX1 He said to me,”Why did you go with her father last week?”
He asked me why I had gone with her father the week before.
EX2 He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last week?”
He asked me why I had gone with her father the week before.
EX3 He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last week?”
He asked me why I asked gone with her father the week before.
S + said (to + O) + that + S + V …
S + asked + O + wh- + S + V …
Reported speech imperatives
1 Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang: “asked, told, ordered, advised …”
2 - Nếu là câu khẳng định thêm To vào trước động từ
- Nếu là câu ra lệnh phủ định thêm NOT TO vào trước động từ
3 Thay đổi ba yếu tố: ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian.
(xem phần lưu ý chung)
EX1 He said to me, “Give your toys to her, please!”
He asked me to give my toys to her.
EX2 He said to me “ Don’t open this book now.”
He asked me not to open that book then.
EX3 He said to me, “Give your toys to her, please!”
He asked me to give my toys to her.
EX4 He said to me “ Don’t open this book now.”
He asked me not to open that book then.
Các dạng đặc biệt của câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp
Trang 5a Shall/ would dung để diễn tả đề nghị, lời mời.
EX1 “Shall I bring you some tea?” he asked
He offered to bring me some tea
EX2 “Shall we meet at the theater?” he asked
He suggested meeting at the theater
b Will/ would dung để diễn tả sự yêu cầu
EX1 “Will you help me, please?
He asked me to help him
EX2 “Wil you lend me your dictionary?”
He aske me to lend him my dictionary
c Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu trong lời nói gián tiếp.
EX1 Go away!
He told me to go away
EX2 Listen to me, please
He asked me to listen to him
d Các hình thức hỗn hợp trong lời nói gián tiếp.
- Lòi nói gián tiếp có thể bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán
EX1 She said, “Can you play the piano?” and I said “no”
She asked me if could you play the piano and I said that I couldn’t
REPORTED SPEECH WITH INFINITIVES
Lời nói có liên quan đến thành hành động (lời hứa, lời đồng ý, mệnh lệnh, lời đề nghị, lời yêu cầu, lời khuyên, lời gợi ý) thường được thuật lại bằng động từ
nguyên mẫu có to (infinitive) hoặc tân ngữ + động từ nguyên mẫu (object + to-infinitive)
EX1 He promised to write.
EX2 I adivise you to think again before you decide.
Orders
“Verb …” Subject + told + object + to
“Don’t verb …” asked not to + infinitive ordered
Trang 6EX1 “Open the windows Turn on the lights”, my mother said.
My mother told me to open the windows and turn on the lights
EX2 He said, “Don’t wait for me”
He told me not to wait for him.
Requests
“Will you …?” Subject + asked + O + to
“Would you …?” requested not to + infinitive
“Could you …?”
EX1 “Would you turn down the radio, please?”, she said
She asked me to turn down the radio
Advise
“If I were you, I would …” Subject + advised + O + to
“You should …” not to + infinitive EX1 “You should stop smoking, Peter’, Ann said
Ann advised Peter to stop smoking.
EX2 “If I were, I wouldn’t stay up late.”, she said
She advised me told not to stay up late.
REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND
Mệnh đề danh động từ có thể được dung thay cho mệnh đề that trong lời nói
gián tiếp sau các động từ giới thiệu: accuse of, advise, admit, apologise for, deny, ainsist on, mention, propose, recommend, report, suggest
EX1 “you took the money!”
He accused me of taking the money.
EX2 “I stole it”
He admitted stealing it.
V + O + pre + gerund
accuse (of), congratulate (on), forgive (for), prevent (from), suspect (of) thank (for), warn (against)
EX1 They accused me of telling lies.
EX2 Nobody suspected the man of being a spy.
EX3 They warned us against buying a car.