the role of logical analysis in developing and practising critical thinking the role of logical analysis in developing and practising critical thinking hoàng chí hướng contents some thoughts about cri

Charles Schade has been the music director at Steel City High School, and during that time the school band from Steel City High has won three regional band competitions. In addition, [r]

The Role of Logical

Analysis in developing and

practising Critical

Thinking

Hoàng Chí Hướng

 Some thoughts about Critical Thinking

 Logical Analysis and Logical Fallacies & Practice

 Structure of the Argument & Practice

 Practice with Critical thinking

Some everyday meanings of

Critical Thinking

 CT = not readily or blindly accept what is presented to you

 CT = to know to ask good questions to find truths

 CT = to find faults + to find merits

 CT = a positive and essential element in

education

The basis of Logical analysis

 Logical Analysis lies at the heart of Critical Thinking

 Arguments lie at the heart of Logical

Analysis

 Problems of Arguments or Logical Fallacies are varied

Some Basic Types of Logical Fallacies

 Hasty Generalization

 Stereotype

 Oversimplification

 Post hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

 Red Herring

 False Authority

 Statistics

 Vice and Virtue Words

Practice with Logical Fallacies

 Nga couldn’t sleep last night, so she failed the quiz this morning

 Students’ language could be improved if teachers did more research

 Ban aerosol sprays or we’ll a die of skin cancer

Practice with Logical Fallacies

 Vietnam, in formulating and applying its future foreign policy, must choose between

a return to strict isolationism and total

global commitment

 People from Nghe An are talented, hard

working and economical

Practice with Logical Fallacies

 Everyone who works for General Motors is rich; the average salary is $30,000 a year

 The law is a good one because Senator

Gore introduced it, and he is a good and

honest man

Practice with Logical Fallacies

 The airport is obviously unsafe There have been three crashes there in three years

 America is a land of easy-spending

millionaires, sexy blondes, fabulous Park Avenue apartments, and easy morals How

do I know? Monsieur, I see your American movies

Structure of the Argument

 Example of an Argument

My motorbike broke down yesterday, and I need a motorbike to get to work Therefore,

I should buy a new motorbike

Structure of the Argument

The argument is composed of three parts

 The conclusion – the author’s opinion and recommendation for action

 The premises – the facts the author uses

to back up his opinion

 The assumption – unstated condition

that must be true in order for the argument

to make sense

Practice with Argument Structures

 Find the elements in these arguments

– Phuong is not beautiful If she can get married, then everyone can.

– Bill teaches writing in group I Tom teaches writing in group D Group A students get

higher writing scores in the writing tests than their group D counterparts Therefore, Bill is a better writing teacher than Tom.

Practice with Critical Thinking

 Analyze the following argument and

practice with argument and logical fallacies

 Try to identify

– The conclusion

– The premises

– The assumptions

– The alternative explanation to challenge the assumptions.

"For the past five years, Mr Charles Schade has been the

music director at Steel City High School, and during that time the school band from Steel City High has won three regional band competitions In addition, the quality of the music rehearsal facilities and musical instruments at Steel City High has improved markedly over the past five years Because of such successes at Steel City High, the Saluda school board should hire Mr Schade to plan and direct the general music education programs for the entire Saluda school system."

Last notes

 The talk aims to raise audience’s awareness, not an exhaustive guide to Critical

Thinking

 For best effect, keep practicing with Critical Thinking

Last words

 Questions are welcome!!!

 Thank you for your attention!!!

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