skkn tiếng anh games and activities as inputs for public speaking classes (skkn viết bằng tiếng anh)

Example Lack of Confidence1: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence2 Lack of Confidence“My Lack of Confidencefavourite Lack of Confidenceanimal” Lack of Confidence- Lack of Confiden

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A INTRODUCTION 1

I Reasons for choosing the topic 1

II Scope of the Study 2

B CONTENT 3

I Literature Review 3

1 A Public Speaking Definition 3

2 A History of Public Speaking 3

3 The Importance of Public Speaking 4

4 What Are the Problems of Public Speaking? 4

5 How to Become Better at Public Speaking 6

5.1 Write an Effective Speech 6

5.2 Overcome the Fear of Speaking 6

5.3 Practice the Speech 6

5.4 Give the Speech 7

6 Why developing the confidence of public speaking is so important for children 7 II Public speaking classes at Nghe An Continuing Education Centre 8

1 A brief overview of Public speaking courses 8

2 Syllabus for public speaking classes 9

III Games and activities as inputs for public speaking classes 9

1 Definition of input in second language learning 9

2 The role of inputs in second language learning 10

3 Typical games applied for pre-public speaking 11

3.1 Hidden Object Game 11

3.2 Jigsaw puzzle game 12

3.3 Memory game 13

3.4 Jeopardy 15

3.5 Crossword 16

3.6 Riddles 19

3.7 Catch phrase 20

3.8 Guessing Game 21

3.9 Board Game 24

3.10 Word search 26

3.11 Hangman 29

4 Typical activities applied for while-public speaking 30

4.1 Matching 30

4.2 Crossword 36

4.3 Information Gap 38

4.4 Brainstorming 41

4.5 Storytelling 44

4.6 Guided Interviews 46

4.7 Riddles 46

C CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 50

REFERENCES 51

INDEX 52

A INTRODUCTION

I Reasons for choosing the topic

Currently, the English language has become popular all over the world,many countries use it as a first language and people use it as a second language incommunication In Vietnam, English is seen as a major foreign language today

At Nghe An Continuing Education Centre, English is not only taught forlanguage specialized students but also for younglearners of all levels

We have recently applied a number of methods and techniques intoteaching English in order to improve the quality of teaching and learning English

as a Foreign Language Communicative method has proved their superiority asthrough communicative activities more language are used and students’ initiativesand active involvement are developed It can be said that communicative approach

is designed to change the traditional way of presenting and practising language and

it helps to shift the teacher-led classroom culture to the students-centred classroomatmosphere

Games and communicative activities have widely used in my context(training teachers of English at Nghe An Continuing Education Centre) with theacceptance, eagerness and enthusiasm by teachers and students It, however, is theone requiring much knowledge and preparation as well as physical conditions, and

it also requires teachers’ commitment and patience

We have been trying to put some of those into practice We have beenadapting and designing ourselves a repertoire of communicative activities whichhave been used and from which students have benefited

We would like, in this paper, to introduce these games and activities to youall - teachers of English in a view of sharing experience and seeking for commonthoughts to makes a change, however small it is, in teaching and learning Englishthough it is hard work really The games and activities have been used for teachingpublic speaking and developing language skills and we shall not categorise them assome of them can be used for all about mentioned purposes Some of activities wehave adapted from other resources, and others we have designed ourselves

Public speaking courses have been successfully organised at Nghe Ancontinuing Education Centre over the last four years A great deal of younglearners have been taking part in and quite many of them have made improvement

1

Above all, for teachers, the facilitators will help them be active, creative,feel responsible not only does he teach, moderate, but also inspire young learners.

In this paper, we would like to give some ideas about how to teach speakingskill effectivelly to help our children feel easier and more confident during theirstudy The paper is divided into three parts:

A Introduction

B Content

C Conclusion and recommendation

II Scope of the Study

In this writing, we’d like to share our suggestions that we have gathered inour during preparing lessons, on using different kinds of games andcommunicative activities as inputs to help our young learners practise and developEnglish public speaking skill

The significances of this study were expected to provide some advantagesfor English teaching and learning process The significances of this study are:

1 For young learners as the subjects of the study, it was expected that they wouldtake the advantages of the study They could learn how to improve their skills ofpublic speaking

2 For the teachers at Nghe An Continuing Education Centre, it was expected thatthe teachers could improve their technique of speaking interestingly and effectively

so that the pupils would enjoy the study

B CONTENT

I Literature Review

1 A Public Speaking Definition

What is public speaking? Basically, it's a presentation that's given livebefore an audience Public speeches can cover a wide variety of different topics.The goal of the speech may be to educate, entertain, or influence the listeners.Often, visual aids in the form of an electronic slideshow are used to supplement thespeech and make it more interesting to the listeners

A public speaking presentation is different from an online presentationbecause the online presentation may be viewed or listened to at the viewer'sconvenience, while a public speech is typically limited to a specific time or place.Online presentations are often comprised of slideshows or pre-recorded videos of aspeaker

There are five elements of public speaking, and it basically boils down towho is saying what to whom using what medium with what effect In other

words, who is the source of the message What is the message itself Whom is the audience, while the medium is the actual delivery method and ending in the effect.

Think of the effect as the speaker's intent for the speech

Because public speaking is done before a live audience, there are somespecial factors the speaker needs to take into consideration We'll touch on thoseshortly, but first let's take a quick look at the history of public speaking

2 A History of Public Speaking

There's a good chance that there's been public speaking, in one form oranother, as long as there've been people But most academics and others involvedwith public speaking, including those at The Public Speaking Project, trace theorigins of modern public speaking back to ancient Greece and Rome Of course,those societies didn't have any of the electronic conveniences we've got today tohelp with public speaking (no slideshows) But they did have a need for publicspeaking and developed public speaking methods that are still studied today

The ancient Greeks, in particular, used public speaking primarily to praise

or persuade others At one point, all Greek citizens had the right to suggest oroppose laws during their assemblies, which resulted in a need for skilled publicspeakers Public speaking became a desirable skill and was taught Public speaking

in the time of the Greeks was called rhetoric Later, when Rome came to power,public speaking was used during the sessions of the governing body—the Romansenate The Romans adopted the public speaking rhetoric methods of the Greeks

In fact, most public speaking teachers of the time were Greek

If you fast forward to modern times, what was known as the Latin style ofpublic speaking was popular in the U.S and Europe until the mid-20th century.After World War II, however, a less formal and more conversational style ofspeaking started to become popular Also, electronic tools became available toenhance public presentations Towards the end of the 20th century, those electronictools migrated to the computer and evolved into the computer software tools, such

as PowerPoint, that we know and use today

Even though today's public speeches are less formal, it's still important thatthey're well organized More on that later Now let's take a look at the importance

of public speaking

3 The Importance of Public Speaking

If you ask most people, they'll probably say they don't like publicspeaking They may even admit to being afraid of it, since fear of public speaking

is a very common fear Or they may just be shy or introverted For those reasons,many people avoid public speaking if they can If you're one of those people whoavoid public speaking, you're missing out

Over the years, public speaking has played a major role in education,government, and business Words have the power to inform, persuade, educate,and even entertain And the spoken word can be even more powerful than thewritten word in the hands of the right speaker

Whether you're a small business owner, a student, or just someone who'spassionate about something - you'll benefit if you improve your public speakingskills, both personally and professionally Some benefits to public speakinginclude:

Public speaking is especially important for businesses since they've got aneed to get their message before potential customers and market their business.Sales people and executives alike are often expected to have good public speakingskills To learn more about some of the benefits of public speaking, review thefollowing article:

4 What Are the Problems of Public Speaking?

Even though many people routinely give speeches or presentations forwork or school, they may still experience fear at the idea of having to stand in front

of others and talk Some speakers can become debilitated by thoughts of what tosay, how to keep the audience’s interest and how to calm nerves Much of the

anxiety associated with public speaking can be minimized, however, if you payattention to overcoming the most common problems of public speaking.

 Lack of ConfidenceLack Lack of Confidenceof Lack of ConfidenceConfidence

If you don't have confidence in yourself, you'll risk alienating the audience.Being obviously nervous is especially problematic because “when we are nervous,listeners are more likely to focus on negative vocal and visual cues,” says authorCheryl Hamilton in “Essentials of Public Speaking.” Allowing time to prepare andpractice beforehand helps speakers gain the sense of control necessary for theaudience to trust and believe the message

 Lack of ConfidenceLack Lack of Confidenceof Lack of ConfidenceAttention Lack of Confidenceto Lack of ConfidenceAudience

Make sure you know the audience, or the presentation will beunsuccessful Researching their ages, culture, values and current level ofknowledge is essential to shaping the speech’s tone and content Failing to relatethe material to the audience, to maintain eye contact and to read their expressionscan negatively affect how your speech will be interpreted Explaining how thematerial benefits listeners personally and using anecdotes attracts the audience’sattention

 Lack of ConfidenceLack Lack of Confidenceof Lack of ConfidenceOrganization

You can lose credibility by not spending enough time gathering andorganizing material Conducting research about the audience, topic and sources arepreliminary steps Arrange the information into an attention-getting introduction,craft a paragraph for each of the three most important points, follow them with aconclusion Attempting to speak on the fly invites disaster It's standard practice tocreate an outline or put information on note cards to refer to as you speak Thismethod helps both the speaker and audience stay on track

 Lack of ConfidenceLack Lack of Confidenceof Lack of ConfidencePreparedness

Practice the speech in full before delivery Saying the words helps speakershear: where they are rushing words; where to improve word flow and voiceintonation; and how to project enthusiasm Using technology or other visualsbeforehand makes it possible to catch glitches that could otherwise disrupt theactual speaking event Rehearsal also improves familiarity with the material,enabling speakers to field questions and maintain credibility

 Lack of ConfidenceLack Lack of Confidenceof Lack of ConfidenceTime Lack of ConfidenceManagement

Run through the speech to ensure it meets time requirements Manyspeakers run overtime because they have not adequately rehearsed and timed thedelivery of their material “If you are speaking for 10 minutes, rehearse for abouteight,” advise Ronald Adler and Jeanne Elmhorst in their book “Communication atWork: Principles and Practices for Business and Professions”

5 How to Become Better at Public Speaking

Okay, so now that you understand the benefits of public speaking, youmight be a little more interested Still, you might think it's not for you Maybe yougave a speech once and it didn't go well Maybe you're afraid of public speaking

Or maybe you think you don't have a natural ability for giving speeches

The truth is that public speaking is a skill It can be learned While somepeople may have more natural speaking ability than others, or a more pleasingvoice, or are more charismatic-anyone who can speak can learn to be a betterpublic speaker than they are right now It just takes some know-how and someeffort

To help you become better at public speaking, we'll take a look at these fourareas:

5.1 Write an Effective Speech

The first thing you'll want to do is work on writing a well-organized,engaging speech Because even if you've got a great speaking voice or a great deal

of charisma, you won't give a good speech if your material isn't any good Thefollowing tutorials can help you learn to write better speeches:

5.2 Overcome the Fear of Speaking

Fear of public speaking is very real and can hold you back if you let it Ifyou don't feel confident when giving your speech, your listeners may pick up onthat, making your presentation less effective Fortunately, there are sometechniques that'll help most people manage their fear of public speaking andbecome more confident

First, let's tackle fear of public speaking The following tutorials list sometechniques you can use to overcome a fear of public speaking:

5.3 Practice the Speech

Even if you're not afraid of public speaking, practicing your speech is still

an important step to having an effective speech If you're in a rush, you may betempted to skip practicing your speech to save time While skipping practice mayseem like a good idea, it's really not

By practicing your speech not only do you improve your public speakingskills, but you also increase your familiarity with the presentation—making it more

likely that your speech will go smoothly This tutorial includes a handy checklist tohelp you practice your speech (and other tips):

5.4 Give the Speech

Now that you've written a good speech, feel more confident about publicspeaking, and have practiced—you're ready to actually give the speech There aresome tips and tricks you can use on the day of your speech to make it go moresmoothly, though Remember, you're giving a presentation before a live audience

at a specific place and time So, you've got some concerns about the speakingvenue that those who give online presentations don't have to worry about Somecommon concerns for public speakers include:

6 Why developing the confidence of public speaking is so important for children

The idea of public speaking is understandably daunting, having to win over

a bunch of strangers so it’s no wonder why most people stay away from it.However, the unfortunate thing for those individuals is that they miss out on theone skill that can positively change the direction of their journey and impact theirsuccess immensely, from securing a job or investors, to increasing sales andbuilding brand awareness

There are just countless reasons why you should consider thiscommunication technique and get into public speaking but here are my top 3:

 Winning over the crowd

Public speaking is a great opportunity to win over a crowd Look at it thisway, the crowd you’re speaking to are in fact your potential clients It’s almost a

make or break moment You have the chance to pretty much sell yourself Introduceyourself to the crowd so they can get to know you, build some sort of trust andcredibility with them Being able to persuade your audience that you are worth theinvestment and they should trust you by telling your personal story Public speaking

is a great avenue for this to happen, they see you live in action and you are able tocreate a deeper connection with your audience by applying story-telling secrets,tonality and more It provides the chance to express to a crowd why a particularproduct, service, idea or even yourself would be beneficial to them as well asallowing you to put potential customers at rest by touching on any enquiries orconcerns they might have You pretty much have the power to directly influencepeople to buy your product or service

 To Motivate people

Great public speakers have the ability to push people to either dosomething, stop something, reach a goal or drop bad habits Platforms for publicspeaking makes room for this Being able to encourage your crowd to take an actionthrough testimonials or live figures of how your personal framework or techniquehas change your life and the life of your clients Seeing is believing, publicspeaking therefore is your chance to show your audience that making the specifiedchange or action in their lives is the right move to make As a public speaker, youneed to convey how passionate and driven you are, inspiring them to be driven intheir own personal endeavours also

 To inform

I believe that public speaking is one of the best ways to get your messageacross Whilst other communication methods like social media marketing, ads andemail campaigns is effective, there’s no doubt that physical and personalcommunication is far more impactful in getting a message out there to a largeaudience This is why public speaking is a game changer It allows you to informpeople of who you are and/or what you are doing on a more personal and directlevel It is an opportunity for you to spark new interests and make people who had

no idea who the hell you are wonder how they survived their whole life without youthus far

II Public speaking classes at Nghe An Continuing Education Centre

1 A brief overview of Public speaking courses

Running more than 15 classes so far with different learners of mixedability and competency, a great deal of lessons and experiences have been drawnout, which are crucial for our next tutoring We have made an investigation into thematter and found that the regular mode of training and handbook activities did notseem to bring good performances to our learners Thus, we have put theseinitiatives afterwards on public speaking and through all class above, we are quiteconfident that these have brought a good return

2 Syllabus for public speaking classes.

Lessons Starters Movers & Flyers Ket & Pet

1 Introduction Introduction & Hobbies School uniform

14 Preparation for the course end Preparation for the course end Preparation for the course end

15 Closing ceremony Closing ceremony Closing ceremonyIII Games and activities as inputs for public speaking classes

1 Definition of input in second language learning

Input refers to the exposure learners have to authentic language in use.This can be from various sources, including the teacher, other learners, theenvironment around the learners and keeping them in our brain Input can becompared to intake, which is input then taken in and internalized by the learner so

it can be applied

Input learning consists of:

(input) So the way to improve is to feed your brain with a lot of input correct and understandable sentences (written or spoken) Before you canstart speaking and writing in a foreign language, your brain must get enoughcorrect sentences in that language

-2 The role of inputs in second language learning

In language learning, input is the language data which the learner isexposed to There are many factors which influence the second languageacquisition The internal factors include the mental disposition of a learner, theaptitude, the ability to handle communication process and others The externalfactors, such as the conditions in which the learner operates might include the timeand the frequency available for the exposure to the target language, the quality ofthe samples of the target language which the learners are exposed to, in otherwords the input Input that learners receive in the learning process plays a veryimportant role in the language acquisition Learners need to be given theopportunity to make sense of what they hear or see, to notice the contexts in whichthe samples of the language are used, to interact with them as well as tocompensate for the insufficiency The importance of the input has been advocated

by a variety of learning theories In the second half of the 20th centurypsychologists, biologists, linguists and other researchers proposed that theacquisition process (represented by the language acquisition device) the same way

as any other biological function, works successfully only when stimulated at theright time – the time they called the Critical Period (Lightbown, Spada, 1999,p.19) They supported this hypothesis by several case studies (e.g a well-knownstory of Victor or Gennie), although it was difficult to support it by numerousexperiments since this research was based on the study of the first language AsLightbown and Spada (ibid., p.60) claim the "developmental changes in the brainaffect the nature of language acquisition … Language learning which occurs afterthe end of thecritical period may not be based on the innate biological structuresbelieved to contribute to first language acquisition or second language acquisition

in early childhood” In the natural setting learners are exposed to a variety oflanguage samples while they themselves do not necessarily have to contribute The

"passive" phase in which the child processes the language, reacts or does not react

to it, observes the linguistic or extra linguistic messages coming through, lasts formuch longer in the natural setting than we can afford in the formal instruction.That, however, does not mean that we should resign to the meaningfulness of thisprocess If children have a chance to be imbued with the target language, with theoptions of whether and how to react to it we simulate the natural conditions for thelanguage acquisition

On the whole, input is absolutely necessary and there is no theory orapproach to SLA that does not recognize the importance of input In Schwartz’sview (1993), the input feeds or nurtures an innate system to aid its growth Butinput alone cannot facilitate second language learning It will not function to thefull in SLA until it gets involved in interaction

3 Typical games applied for pre-public speaking

3.1 Hidden Object Game

A hidden object game (or hidden picture game) is a casual game in which the player must find items from a list that are hidden within a picture Hidden object games are a popular trend in casual gaming, and are comparatively

inexpensive to buy All hidden object games require you to find lists of objects within a busy scene

Famous people

- Each team looks at the hidden pictures and clues, then guess the words

- The team who speaks out the word or the picture will be the winner

Example Lack of Confidence1: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence2 Lack of Confidence“My Lack of Confidencefavourite Lack of Confidenceanimal” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceMovers Lack of Confidencelevel Lack of Confidence

Example Lack of Confidence2: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence11 Lack of Confidence“My Lack of Confidencehouse” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceStarters Lack of Confidencelevel

Example Lack of Confidence3: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence5 Lack of Confidence“My Lack of Confidencefavourite Lack of Confidenceanimal” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceStarters Lack of Confidencelevel

3.2 Jigsaw puzzle game

A jigsaw puzzle is a tiling puzzle that requires the assembly of often oddlyshaped interlocking and tessellating pieces Each piece usually has a small part of apicture on it; when complete, a jigsaw puzzle produces a complete picture In somecases, more advanced types have appeared on the market, such as spherical jigsawsand puzzles showing optical illusions

Jigsaw puzzles were originally created by painting a picture on a flat,rectangular piece of wood, and then cutting that picture into small pieces with

a jigsaw, hence the name John Spilsbury, a London cartographer and engraver, is

since come to be made primarily of cardboard

Famous people

 Procedure:

- Each team looks at the hidden pictures and clues, then guess the words

- The team who speaks out the word or the picture will be the winner

Wonders, Famous people, Subjects

 Materials Required: A computer in the classroom, powerpoint file

none overlap Players take it in turn to pick two cards of their choosing If thecards have the same rank (two sixes, for example), the player keeps the pairand plays again If not, the cards are returned to their face-down position andit's the next person's turn Play until all the cards have been matched Theplayer with the most pairs wins

Example Lack of Confidence1: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence5 Lack of Confidence“Sport” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceFlyers Lack of Confidencelevel

Example Lack of Confidence2: Lack of Confidenceapplied Lack of Confidencefor Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence12 Lack of Confidence“Festivals” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceMovers Lack of Confidencelevel

3.4 Jeopardy

Jeopardy is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin.The show features a quiz competition in which contestants are presentedwith general knowledge clues in the form of answers, and must phrase theirresponses in the form of questions

Wonders, Famous people, Subjects

modified Display all topics and begin the game show Allow the first team tochoose a topic and a point value for a question Click on this question box and

it will take you to the question slide Read this question and allow players toraise their hands if they want to answer the question If someone on a teamanswers a question correctly, they gain that number of points If they get itwrong, they lose that number of points

Example Lack of Confidence1: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence8 Lack of Confidence“Sports” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceKet Lack of Confidencelevel

Example Lack of Confidence2: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence13 Lack of Confidence“Festival” Lack of Confidence– Lack of ConfidencePet Lack of Confidencelevel

3.5 Crossword

A crossword is a word puzzle that usually takes the form of a square or

a rectangular grid of white-and black-shaded squares The game's goal is to fill thewhite squares with letters, forming words or phrases, by solving clues, which lead

to the answers In languages that are written left-to-right, the answer words andphrases are placed in the grid from left to right and from top to bottom The shadedsquares are used to separate the words or phrases

topic of new leson

Famous people, Subjects, Health

- Solve the fill-in-the-blank clues first, as they're usually easier than the

others

- Return to the start, making a second pass through the clues

- Repeat these steps until the puzzle is solved or until completely stumped

- Spend a long time thinking about the "theme" clues

- Study the missing letters

- Review the puzzle and the clues you missed or clues you derived without any knowledge of the subject

Example Lack of Confidence1: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence8 Lack of Confidence“Health” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceKet Lack of Confidencelevel

Example Lack of Confidence2: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence6 Lack of Confidence“Holidays” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceFlyer Lack of Confidence& Lack of ConfidenceKet Lack of Confidencelevel

3.6 Riddles

A riddle is a question, a puzzle, a phrase, or a statement devised to getunexpected or clever answers It is a folklore genre as well as rhetorical device,often having veiled or double meanings When someone uses it as a puzzle or aquestion, it could be a thought-provoking challenge for the audienceto figure it outthemselves, or it could be a funny comment intended to make the audience laugh

Some riddles show the wit of protagonists in a narrative, allowing them toescape a terrible situation by using their wit rather than their strength Often times,puzzling riddles tell us that we cannot answer some questions, leading to hours ofperturbed head scratching However, they open our minds to a number ofpossibilities

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Example Lack of Confidence1: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence7 Lack of Confidence“My Lack of Confidencefavourite Lack of Confidencetoy” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceStarters Lack of Confidencelevel

Example Lack of Confidence2: Lack of Confidenceapplied Lack of Confidencefor Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence3 Lack of Confidence“Subjects” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceMovers Lack of Confidencelevel

Example Lack of Confidence3: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence12 Lack of Confidence“Festival” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceMovers Lack of Confidence& Lack of ConfidenceFlyers Lack of Confidencelevel

3.7 Catch phrase

Example Lack of Confidence1: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence2 Lack of Confidence“My Lack of Confidencefavourite Lack of Confidenceanimal” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceFlyers Lack of Confidencelevel

Example Lack of Confidence2: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence2 Lack of Confidence“Food Lack of Confidence& Lack of Confidencedrink” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceFlyers Lack of Confidencelevel

3.8 Guessing Game

A guessing game is a game in which the object is to guess some kind ofinformation, such as a word, a phrase, a title, or the location of an object Many ofthe games are played co-operatively In some games some player know the answer,but cannot tell the other, instead they must help them to guess it

 Aims: To introduce learners vocabulary or information relating to certaintopics

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opponent has to guess and the character you have to answer questions about.The player begins by asking the other players a characteristic found on on one

of his/her characters Example: “ Does your character have brown hair?”Ifthey say, “yes,” the asking player flips over all of the characters withoutbrown hair If they say, “no,” the asking player flips over the characters thathave brown hair Through the process of elimination, players will eventually

be able to “guess” the name of the opponents character Each player gets oneyes or no question per turn and may only guess (to win the game) once pergame If a player successfully guesses their opponents hidden character thenthey win; if their guess is wrong then they lose

Example Lack of Confidence1: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence2 Lack of Confidence“Food Lack of Confidence& Lack of Confidencedrink” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceMovers Lack of Confidencelevel

Example Lack of Confidence2: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence7 Lack of Confidence“Celebrities” Lack of Confidence- Lack of Confidence Lack of ConfidenceKet Lack of Confidence& Lack of ConfidencePet Lack of Confidencelevel

3.9 Board Game

A board game is a game that involves counters or pieces moved or placed

on a pre-marked surface or "board", according to a set of rules Games can bebased on pure strategy, chance or a mixture of the two, and usually have a goal that

a player aims to achieve Early board games represented a battle between twoarmies, and most current board games are still based on defeating opposing players

in terms of counters, winning position or accrual of points There are manydifferent types and styles of board games Their representation of real-lifesituations can range from having no inherent theme, as with checkers, to having aspecific theme and narrative, as with Cluedo Rules can range from the verysimple, as in Tic-tac-toe, to those describing a game universe in great detail, as inDungeons & Dragons The amount of time required to learn to play or master agame varies greatly from game to game Learning time does not necessarilycorrelate with the number or complexity of rules; some games, such as chess or

Go, have simple rulesets while possessing profound strategies

their friends’

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- Deliver the handouts to the students

- Each student of a pair or group in turn shake a dice and ask the questions,the others will answer

Example Lack of Confidence1: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence1“Hobbies” Lack of Confidence- Lack of Confidence Lack of ConfidenceMovers Lack of Confidencelevel

Lack of ConfidenceExample Lack of Confidence2: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence5“Sports” Lack of Confidence- Lack of Confidence Lack of ConfidenceFlyers Lack of Confidencelevel Lack of Confidence

3.10 Word search

A word search is a word game that consists of the letters of words placed

in a grid, which usually has a rectangular or square shape The objective of thispuzzle is to find and mark all the words hidden inside the box The words may beplaced horizontally, vertically, or diagonally Often a list of the hidden words isprovided, but more challenging puzzles may not provide a list Many word search

puzzles have a theme to which all the hidden words are related such as food,animals, or colors The puzzles have, like crosswords and arrowords, become verypopular Also in common with these latter puzzles, have had complete booksand mobile applications devoted to them.

Famous people

handouts

- Deliver the handouts to the students

- Follow the instructions in the handouts and do the task

Example Lack of Confidence1: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence13 Lack of Confidence“Food Lack of Confidenceand Lack of Confidencedrinks” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceMovers Lack of Confidence& Lack of ConfidenceFlyers Lack of Confidencelevel

Example Lack of Confidence2: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence12 Lack of Confidence“School” Lack of Confidence- Lack of Confidence Lack of ConfidenceStarters Lack of Confidencelevel

Example Lack of Confidence3: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence5 Lack of Confidence“Sports” Lack of Confidence- Lack of Confidence Lack of ConfidenceMovers Lack of Confidence& Lack of ConfidenceFlyers Lack of Confidencelevel

3.11 Hangman

Hangman is a classic paper and pencil game The idea of the gallows may

be a little morbid, but it also adds to the excitement of the game, especially forboys Everyone wants to save the poor person from a grim fate!

TO WIN: The executioner wins if the full body is hanging from the gallows The

guesser(s) wins if they guess the word before the person is hung

handouts

a word or short phrase an mark out blanks (short lines) for each letter of each word.Separate words with either a slash, a fairly wide gap, or place words on separatelines Then another player will guess a letter If that letter is in the word(s) thenwrite the letter in everywhere it would appear, an cross out that letter in thealphabet If the letter isn't in the word then add a body part to the gallows (head,body, left arm, right arm, left leg, right leg) The player will continue guessingletters until they can either solve the word (or phrase) or all six body parts are onthe gallows

Example: Lack of Confidencelesson Lack of Confidence2 Lack of Confidence“My Lack of Confidencefavourite Lack of Confidenceanimals” Lack of Confidence- Lack of ConfidenceMovers Lack of Confidence& Lack of ConfidenceFlyers Lack of Confidencelevel

4 Typical activities applied for while-public speaking

4.1 Matching

Matching games are games that require players to match similar elements

As the name implies, participants need to find a match for a word, picture, or card.For example, students place 30 word cards; composed of 15 pairs, face down inrandom order Each person turns over two cards at a time, with the goal of turningover a matching pair, by using their memory This is also known as the Pelmanismprinciple, after Christopher Louis Pelman, a British psychologist of the first half ofthe 20th century

Most matching games are objective, with correct answers in the rules for whatcounts as a match, pair, etc

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- Deliver the handouts to the students

- Follow the instructions in the handouts and do the task

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