INFINITIVES WITHOUT TO ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KHÔNG “TO” Chúng ta sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu không có “to”: 1.. GERUND DANH ĐỘNG TỪ 1.. Before + qkđ, Qkht/ qkht before qkđ e.g: Before I we
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REVISION
I INFINITIVES WITHOUT TO (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KHÔNG
“TO”)
Chúng ta sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu không có “to”:
1 Sau can, could, may, might, must, needn’t, shall, should, will,
and would
e.g: - We could go to an English speaking club
- Susan will be away from home for a few days
2 Sau “had better” và “would rather”
e.g: - It's raining You'd better wear a raincoat
- I’d rather stay at home and watch TV in winter
3 Sau “make (made)/ let (let)/ hear (heard)/ see (saw)/ watch
(watched)/ feel (felt) + O”
e.g: - The boss let him write a letter to his wife
- We saw him break the window
- I heard them talk in the next room
II TO INFINITIVE (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CÓ TO (TO + V))
1 Đi sau các động từ:
- decide: quyết định
- hope: hi vọng
- promise: hứa
- agree: đồng ý
- plan: dự định
- mean: có nghĩa là
- expect: mong đợi
- offer: đề nghị
- want: muốn
- refuse: từ chối
- would like: muốn
- warn +sb + not to V
2 Sau tính từ (happy, lovely, surprised, delighted….)
e.g: - He received a gift from his girlfriend He was very happy
He was very happy to receive a gift from his girlfriend.
3 Khi câu bắt đầu bằng HERE/ THERE hoặc có động từ HAVE
e.g: - My mother has some shopping to do
III GERUND (DANH ĐỘNG TỪ)
1 Danh động từ là động từ thêm đuôi “-ing” và có chức năng như
danh từ.
2 Danh động từ thường đứng sau các động từ sau:
- like/ love/ enjoy/ hate/ dislike - look forward to: mong đợi
- keep: tiếp tục
- mention: đề cập
- spend: tiêu tốn (money/time)
- count on: nhờ vào, dựa vào
- mind: phiền, ngại
- deny: phủ nhận
- admit: thừa nhận
- suggest: gợi ý
3 V-ing đứng sau GIỚI TỪ (on, in, at, of, for, about,…)
IV QKĐ, QKTD, QKHT
Quá khứ đơn: V ed/ cột 2 / didn’t V 0
Quá khứ tiếp diễn: Was/ were (not) V_ing
e.g: I was using my phone when the teacher came
Quá khứ hoàn thành: Had (not) + V ed/ cột 3
By the time + qkđ, qkht/ qkht by the time qkđ
e.g: By the time we arrived, he had already gone away
Before + qkđ, Qkht/ qkht before qkđ
e.g: Before I went to bed last night, I had finished all my homework
After qkht, qkđ/ qkđ after qkht
e.g: I went to bed after I had finished all my homework
When + qkđ, …… already => qkht
e.g: When I came, the students had already come home
V CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
Loại 1 có thể xảy ra ởhiện tại hoặc
tương lai Hiện tại đơn
Tương lai đơn (will + V0)
Loại 2 Không có thật ở hiện tại Quá khứ đơn(Ved/ cột 2/ didn’t + V0)
( to be -> were) Would (not) + V0
Loại 3 Không có thật ở quá khứ Quá khứ hoàn thành(had (not) + V
ed/ cột 3) Would (not) have + PII
REWRITE SENTENCES
1 V nguyên dạng không TO và V nguyên dạng có TO 1.1 See/ watch/ feel/ hear + V (nhìn/ nghe/ cảm nhận thấy ai đó/
cái gì đó làm gì)
The cat jumped through the window He saw it.
He saw the cat jump through the window
1.2 Let sb V = allow sb to V (cho phép ai làm gì)
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My mother won’t allow me to go with you.
My mother won’t let me go with you.
2 Tính từ + To V
He received a letter from his ex-girlfriend He was very happy.
He was very happy to receive a letter from his ex-girlfriend
3 Before/ After và Cấu trúc Having P2
3.1 Before / After và QKHT
Before QKĐ, QKHT = After QKHT, QKĐ
Dấu hiệu: By the time, when, Before/ After
When the police arrived, the car had gone
Before the police arrived, the car had gone
After the car had gone, the police arrived
3.2 Before/ After V-ing/ Having P2
Khi chủ ngữ của 2 vế là giống nhau
Julia had read that book several times She didn’t want to read it again
Having read that book several times, Julia didn’t want to read it
again
4 Câu tường thuật với V-ing và to V
Ask/ Tell/ Want sb to V
Encourage sb to V
Advise sb to V
Remind sb to V
Invite sb to V
Warn sb (not) to V
Agree to V
Refuse to V
Promise to V
Congratulate sb on V-ing Thank sb for V-ing Prevent/ Stop sb from V-ing Warn sb against V-ing Accuse sb of V-ing
Insist on V-ing Apologise for V-ing Suggest V-ing Deny V-ing Admit V-ing Think/ Dream of V-ing Look forward to V-ing
Lưu ý:
Đổi ngôi (ngôi thứ nhất và ngôi thứ 2)
Đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
5 Câu điều kiện
Yêu cầu: Viết câu điều kiện cho một sự thật cho trước
Dấu hiệu: Câu sự thật thường có SO hoặc BECAUSE
Cách làm:
Câu sự thật có mệnh lệnh Câu ĐK loại 1, vế sau mệnh lệnh giữ nguyên không đổi
Câu sự thật ở Hiện tại đơn Câu ĐK loại 2, phủ định 2 vế
Câu sự thật ở Quá khứ đơn Câu ĐK loại 3, phủ định 2 vế
Biến mệnh đề trước SO hoặc sau BECAUSE thành mệnh đề If e.g
1 Raise your hands or I’ll shoot you.
If you don’t raise your hands, I’ll shoot you.
2 The weather is bad, so I stay at home tonight
If the weather weren’t bad, I wouldn’t stay at home tonight.
3 Because she didn’t have money, she didn’t buy that bag.
If she had had money, she would have bought that bag.
PRACTICE EXERCISES EXERCISE 1: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences
1 By the time we got to the market, all the shops _
A was closing B would have closed
C had closed D had closed
2 By the time we _, he had left for the office
A would arrive B arrived C will arrive D arrive
3 She had taught mathematics before he to literature
A had changed B has changed
C was changing D changed
4 If she enough apples, she’ll make an apple pie this afternoon
5 If we had studied the plans carefully, we so many serious mistakes
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C would not have had D will have
6 we have more snow, we can’t go skiing
7 If I the rain yesterday, I would not have been ill
A had not caught B have catch
C have caught D caught
8 When I arrived at the party, Martha home already
A went B have gone C had gone D would go
9 My girl friend arrived after I _ for her about half an hour
A was waiting B had waited
C have been waiting D waited
10 If I won the lottery, I you half the money
A would have given B would have give
C would give D will gave
11 The boss would complain if we it to him
A didn’t report B don’t report
C hadn’t reported D report
12 What when I called you last night?
A did you do B were you doing
C are you doing D do you do
13 We were watching TV when we a noise
A have heard B had heard C heard D hear
14 He in the garden when he found the money
A was working B had worked C worked D works
15 the film twice, we didn't want to see it again
A Having seen B To see C Seeing D Having seen
16 My sister advised me warm clothes
A wearing B to wear C wear D worn
17 Jack promised my diary again
A not opening B not open
C not to open D to not open
18 The man denied some top secret document
A to be stolen B having stolen C to steal D having been
stolen
19 I could _ well when I was in grade 9
20 Would you mind for a moment?
21 My brother suggested _ to the movies tonight
A to go B going C go D goes
22 , he knew the city well
A Having spent his childhood in Oslo
B I have spent my childhood in Oslo
C Spending his childhood in Oslo
D Have spent his childhood in Oslo
23 Mr John thanked me _ helping him with the homework
24 all the rules, we started to play the game
A Having learnt B To have learnt
C To learn D Learning
25 The old woman accused the boy stealing her money
26 The children were warned in the lake without an adult present
C not swimming D to not swim
27 all his homework, Tom was allowed to go out with his friends
A To do B Had done C Doing D Having done
28 Mai Huong congratulated me _ the exam with flying colors
A of passing B on passing C to pass D in passing
29 The woman refused _ the strange man
30 The old woman _ the boy of breaking her window
A apologized B congratulated C thanked D accused
EXERCISE 2: Put the verbs into the correct form:
1 Would you mind (work) _ in this bad condition?
2 My teacher wants us (revise) _ the lesson carefully
3 If you had told me earlier, I (give) _ it to you
4 She expects (take) _to the museum at weekends
5 The students agree (play) _ football in the school-yard
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6 I would have visited you before if there (not be) _
quite a lot of people in your house
7 He hoped (give) _the best prize at the competition
8 (See) _ photograph of the place, I had no desire to go there
9 My brother (take) a shower when the telephone rang
10 I don’t like (call) at night
11 If I (have) time, I’ll go with you
12 The teacher expected me (study) harder
13 If I (be) as young as you are, I would sail in a
boat round the world
14 She said she didn’t mind (work) the night shift
15 I expected (invite) to the party, but I wasn’t
16 Our parents allow us (go) _ camping with our friends
17 When the passengers arrived, the car (go) already
18 If I miss the bus this afternoon, I (get) _ a taxi instead
19 (Switch) off the light, we went to bed
20 The boy was accused of (steal) _ her money
21 When I walked into the room, everyone (work)
22 We decided (spend) the weekend together
23 By the time you (get) _ her letter, she had arrived in
New York
EXERCISE 3: Rewrite these sentences with the same meaning:
1 You have just won the game, congratulations!” Mary said to John
Mary congratulated ………
2 He didn’t call me because he didn’t have my phone number
If………
3 By the time I got to town, all shops had closed
Before ………
4 “It was so nice of you to take me to the airport Thank you very
much!” Tom said to me
Tom thanked ………
5 She had breakfast and then she went to school
Having ………
6 He didn’t listen to me He failed in the exams
If………
7 “No You must drive me home, Jack” Mary said
Mary insisted ………
8 I could go out with my friends I was very happy
I was very happy………
9 “Don’t go out alone,” Tom’s father said to him
Tom’s father warned ………
10 The mouse chased the cat around I saw it
I saw………
11 When he had finished his work, he went out for a walk
Having ………
12 “It was nice of you to visit me Thank you” Miss Trang said to us
Miss Trang thanked ………
13 My dad doesn’t allow me to go out at night
My dad doesn’t let ………
14 She did all her homework, then went to bed
After………
15 I don’t have time, so I can’t help you
If………
16 He tied on end of the rope to his bed, then he threw the other end out of the window
Having………
17 The animal moved towards me I heard it
I heard………
18 Do you think her parents will allow her to go for a picnic?
Do you think her parents will let………?
19 Come home or I’ll call your mom
If………
20 “If he comes, I’ll tell you” Annie said to me
Annie said ………