NGU PHAP CO BAN TIENG ANH

The present perfect continuos tense is used.. to express:.[r]

TRƯỜNG THCS AN TRACH

HUYỆN ĐÔNG HẢI

NGỮ PHÁP CƠ BẢN TIẾNG ANH 9

(Dùng ôn tập cho học sinh lớp 9)

PART 1:

PART 1:

TENSES

TENSES

I Present simple tense:

1 formation:

(-) doesn’t / don’t + V

(?) Do / Does + V ?

* With third person singular subjects:

- Add “-S” to most verbs.

- Add ES” to verb ending in

“-(s)s, - “she”; - “ch”; -“x”; -“z”, and

“o” follow a consonant: miss, wash, watch, box, buzz, go.

- Replace “-y” follow a consonant

with “-ies”: carry, copy, try…

2 Uses:

The present simple tenses used to express:

* Permanent truth:

Ex: - Summer follow the spring

* present events, actions, or situations:

Ex: - They live in Manchester.

- His father works in a bank.

* Habits:

Ex: We finish class at twelve.

He smoke a lot.

Normally used with adverb (or adverb

phrase) of time: always, usually, often, sometime, occasionally, rarely, never, everyday, once a week, twice a month, three time a year, etc.

II The present continuous

+ With the verb ending in “-e”: omit “-e” before adding “- ing” (have, make, ride,

phone , smoke…)

+ With the verb of are syllable has one

vowel come between two single

consonants: double the last consonant

before adding “ – ing” (hit, run, stop, sit, beg …)

+ This rule is also applied to verbs of more than once syllable with the first stress falls

on the last syllable (begin, prefer, forget,

(Với những động từ 1 âm tiết gồm 1 nguyên âm đứng giữa hai phụ âm; nhân đôi phụ âm cuối Qui tắc này củng được áp dụngcho các động từ có hơn một âm tiết có trọng âm chính nằm ở âm tiết cuối).

2 Uses:

• Actions in progress at the moment of speaking ( usually used with “now”,

“at the moment” ….

Ex: - Someone is standing at the gate.

- Why are you sitting at my desk?

* Temporary situations (may not

happening at the moment of

speaking)

Ex: Her sister is studying English with

an America teacher.

* Planned actions: future reference

(usually used with a time expression) Ex: He’s arriving tomorrow morning.

3 Verbs not normally used in

the continuos tenses:

* Verbs of senses: fell, look, hear, taste, smell, see …

* Verbs of feeling and emotions: admire, fear, like, love, hate,…

* Verbs of mental activity: agree, believe,

forget, remember, …

Verbs of possessions: belong, own, possess,…

III The past simple:

1 Formation:

2 Uses:

The past simple tense is used to

express:

* Completed actions in the past:

Ex: I met him yesterday.

Past habits (= used to + B.I):

Ex: He smoked 40 cigarettes till he gave up.

“-e”:just add “d” (like, hate, love …)

* Verbs ending in a consonant + Y : omit Y before adding “ied” (study, worry, carry, hurry, …)

IV The past continuos tense:

1. formation:

(+) was/were + V-ing

(-) wasn’t/weren’t + V-ing(?) Was/Were + S + V-ing

2 Uses:

The past continuos tense is used to express:

* Actions in progress in the past:

Ex:- He was doing his exercises at 8.oo last night.

* Actions which began something else happened (with “when, as, just as, while”

Ex:- Just as I was leaving the house, the phone rang.

- We were having supper when the electricity went out.

garden, my mother was cooking lunch.

V The present perfect tense:

2 Uses:

The present perfect continuos tense is

used to express:

* Actions which began in the past and

continue into the present:

For 25 years

* Actions occurring at an unspecified time (hành động diển ra không có móc thời gian xác

định):

Ex: - Have you cleaned your bicycle?

- The boy has been punished.

* For recent actions (with “just, recently, already, yet”

- They’ve just met each other again

- For repeated and habitual actions.

VI The present perfect

continuos tense:

1 formation:

(+) has/have + been + V-ing

(-) haven’t/hasn’t been+V-ing(?) Have/Has+S+been+V-ing ?

Compare: - I’ve been painted this room

(uncompleted)

- I’ve painted this room

VI The past perfect tense:

1 formation:

2 Uses:

The past perfect is used (to)

* Refer to an earlier past:

Ex:- She arrived when the train left.

- The boy loved the zoo They had never seen wild animal before.

- before a point time.

Ex:- he hadn’t finished his work by yesterday evening.

* As the past equivalence of the present perfect.

Ex:- I lost my pen.

- I had lost my pen and I had to borrow hers.

VIII The future tense:

1 The future simple tense:

* SHALL: formal from for ‘I’; “we”

* uses:

The future simple tense is used to express:

* The speaker’s opinions,

assumptions, speculations about the future: (ý kiến, giả định, sự suy

đoán về tương lai)

Ex: - He’ll come back

- They’ll wait for us

* Future habitual action which

we assume will take place:

(thói quen được giả định sẽ diển ra trong tương lai)

Ex: - Spring will come again

2 BE GOING TO + B.I

Ex: - I’m going to meet Tom

at the station

PART 2:

PART 2:

VOICES

VOICES

I Active voice and

1 Active voice the subject of the

verb is the person or thing that does the action

Ex: Tom has opened the door

2 Passive voice: The action is done to the subject -> the

object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive one

Ex: - The door has been

opened by Tom

II Tense in passive voice:

1 Present simple tense

2 Present continuos tense

3 Present perfect tense

4 Past simple tense

5 Past continuos tense

6 Past perfect tense

7 Future simple tense

III Active and passive equivalents:

am/is/are + being

+ P.P

Hondas are being made Japan

They made Hondas

They were making

made then

had + been + P.P

Hondas had been made here before 1980

With

modal

verb

Someone must clean the floor The floor must be cleaned

Note :

Be is always there in the passive voice

The agent, when, mentioned, is preceded

by “by”

( Tác nhân thực hiện / giây ra hành động, khi được đề cập đến thì đứng sau “by”)

Ex: - Tom painted this picture.

This picture was painted by Tom

- What makes these holes?

But: - Smoke filled the room

The room was filled with smoke

- Pained covered the lock.The lock was covered with

paint

(smoke, paint, : material, not

agents)

(smoke, paint: là chất không phải là tác nhân)

* When a verb + prep + O

combination is put into the

passive the prep will remain immediately after the verb

Ex:- we must take good care of the

children.

 The children must be taken good care of

Verb + prep / adv combinations

Ex:- They threw away the water paper.

 The water paper was thrown away.

- He looked after the children well.

 The children were well look after

IV Uses of the passive voice :

The passive voice is used:

1 When it is not necessary to

mention the doer of the

action (khi không cần thiết phải đề cập đến người thực hiện hành động):Ex:- The water paper hasn’t

been collected

2 When we don’t know or don’t

know exactly, or have forgotten who did the action

Ex: - My room has been stolen

- The room has been cleaned

- I’ve been told that …

3 when the subject of the active sentence is: ‘people’ ‘one’, ‘someone’, and

(sometimes) pronoun.

Ex: - People say he is a hero.

 He is said to b hero.

- someone has lock the door.

 The door has been locked

- They bought that house.

 That house was bought

4 When we are more interested

in the action than the person

who does it

Ex: - They are building a new

public library

 A new public library is being built

PART 3:

PART 3:

RELATIVE CLAUSES

I Defining – Relative clause:

those which provide essential information about the subject

or object

Ex: - The student who

answered the questions was

John

1 Relative pronoun used in

WHO(M)

OF

2 WHO, WHOM, THAT and

WHOSE in defining clauses refer to people:

a Subject:WHO, THAT:

Ex: - Only those who are busy

working know the value of time

* THAT can be used after

“ALL’, “every” “no”, “those”

Ex: Everyone who / that knows her likes her

* WHO, THAT referring to

subject cannot be omitted:

* THAT can be used after

“ALL’, “every” “no”, “those”

Ex: Everyone who / that knows her likes her

* WHO, THAT referring to

subject cannot be omitted:

b Object:WHO, WHOM, THAT

* WHOM: more formal

Ex: - The man who / whom / that you met yesterday was

my uncle

“who / whom / that” can be omited

c Possessive: WHOSE

Ex: - Is he the pupil whose father is a famous writer?

3 Using WHICH, THAT in

Defining – Relative clause: referring to things

a Subject WHICH, THAT

had pictures in them were sent to the little girl is more formal

b Object: WHICH, THAT

Ex: - The English novel (which / that) I bought yesterday is

very exciting

 WHICH / THAT can be

omitted

* With all, everything, little,

much, none, no- , and

superlatives: THAT or no

relative is necessary.

(that) I’ve ever seen.

- All the work ( that) I did seen useless now.

c Possessive: WHOSE, OF WHICH

airplane whose safety record is so poor.

(= … the safety record of which

is so poor)

- The children were playing a

game whose rules I couldn’t

understand

(= … the rules of which I couldn’t understand)

II Non – defining relative

clause:

Non – defining relative clause are

those which provide addition

information and can be omitted

without causing confusion They are separated from their nouns by

commas (pronouns cannot be

omitted).

(Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định là những mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin và có thể bỏ đi mà

không nên sự nhầm lẫn Chúng

được ngăn cách với danh từ bởi dấu phẩy, địa tử nào không được bỏ).

1 WHO, WHOM, WHOSE

referring to people:

a Subject: WHO

Ex: - My uncle, who is a farmer,

spend his life on the farm

b Object: WHO, WHOM

Ex:

- Mr Smith, who (m) I told you once,

is a helpful man.

- They’re talking about Mr Smith,

whom I told you yesterday.

(=> more common in conversation) + “who” is informal

c Possessive: WHOSE

mother is a nurse, he’s take care very well.

2 WHICH, WHOSE, OF WHICH referring to things:

* THAT cannot be used.

* WHICH cannot be omitted.

a Subject: WHICH

Ex:

- The teacher’s question, which made

me confused, was not in our lesson.

c Possessive: WHOSE (for animals and things)

Ex:

- This statue, whose eyes were

made of diamonds, belong to a

rich family.

(= This statue, the eyes of which were made …)