- Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn thường dùng kèm với các trạng từ : now, right now,at present , at the moment, at this time, Look!.... Ex: He is reading books now.[r]
Trang 1HỆ THỐNG KIẾN THỨC MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8
A TÓM TẮT LÝ THUYẾT+ VÍ DỤ MINH HỌA:
I VOCABULARY:
* Một số cụm từ cần ghi nhớ: Take part in/ participate in/ be interested in/ be keen on/ be fond of/ be excited about/ look after/ take care of/ be scared of/ be worried about/ be concerned about/ be different from/ get tired of / be good at/ be bad at/ be proud of/ enroll for/ either…or…./neither…nor / learn by heart/ take or leave a message/ hold on/ find out/ wait for/ try one’s best to +V/ so as (not ) to + V/ in order (not) to +V/ come up with/ come over/ come across/…
II GRAMMAR:
1 The present simple tense:
- Form: - Form: (+ ) S + V/Vs / es + ……… Ex:-The earth goes around the sun
( - ) S + don’t/doesn’t + V+ ……… -We don’t have classes on Sunday ( ? ) Do/Does + S + V + ……….? - Does Lan speak French?
S + is /am /are + …
- Usage : Để diễn tả các sư việc một cách tổng quát, không nhất thiết chỉ nghĩ đến hiện tại Ta dùng thì này để nói đến sự việc nào đó xảy ra liên tục, lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần hay một điều gì đó luôn luôn đúng
- Dấu hiệu nhận biết :Adverbs:always / usually / often / sometimes / every day
Ex :The earth goes around the sun
Does Lan always speak French?
We don’t have classes on Sunday
2 The present progressive tense :
- Form: S + is / am / are + V-ing + O
- Usage: Dùng để nhấn mạnh tính chất đang diễn tiến của hành động ở ngay thời điểm nói
- Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn thường dùng kèm với các trạng từ :now, right now,at present , at the moment, at this time, Look!
Ex: He is reading books now
* Note : - To talk about the future: (dự định trong tương lai)
Ex: What are you going to do tonight? -> I’m playing table tennis
- To show changes with “get” and “become” (sự thay đổi)
Ex: The boys are getting taller
3 The future simple tense/ Future: going to
- Form: S + will + V1 + O
S + is / am/ are + going to + V (bare infinitive)
- Usage :Dùng khi nói về một việc mà ai đó quyết định hay dự định sẽ làm trong tương lai
Ex : There is a good film on TV tonight I’m going to stay home to watch TV
- Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Adverbs:Tomorrow,next week, next Sunday…, in the future, in + future time
* Note : “Be going to” còn dùng để dự đoán một tình huống có thể xảy ra
Ex: I feel tired I think I’m going to be sick
4 The past simple tense:
- Form: + S + V-ed(regular) / V2 ( column irregular) + ………… Ex :- He arrived here yesterday
- S + didn’t + V + ……… - She didn’t go to school yesterday
? Did + S + V + ……… ? - Did you clean this table?
S + was / were + ………
-Usage : Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và kết thúc ở một thời điểm ở quá.
Ex: I was sick I went to the doctor yesterday
- Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Thì quá khứ đơn thường được dung với các cụm từ chỉ thời gian ở quá
khứ :last week / month / year , a week / 3 days / 5months… ago , yesterday, yesterday morning / evening, In the past, In + past time.
- Cách đọc các động từ quá khứ đơn với“ ED”:
+ “ ED”: Được đọc là /t/ khi những động từ nguyên mẫu có âm tận cùng là f, k, p, s, x, c ch, sh, gh
Trang 2Ex : laughed , asked , helped , watch , pushed , dressed , ………
+ “ ED”: Được đọc là /id/ khi những động từ nguyên mẫu có âm tận cùng làt , d
Ex : needed , wanted , waited , ……
+ “ ED”: Được đọc là/d/ khi những động từ nguyên mẫu có âm tận cùng làcác âm còn lại
Ex : enjoyed , saved , filled ,………
5 The present perfect tense
- Form: (+) I/ You/ We/ They + have + V(ed)/ VP.P
He/ She/ It + has + V(ed)/ VP.P
(-) I/ You/ We/ They + have not + V(ed)/ VP.P (have not = haven’t/ has not = hasn’t) He/ She/ It + has not + V(ed)/ VP.P
(?) Have + I/ you / we/ they + V(ed)/ VP.P ?
Has + he/she/it + V(ed)/ VP.P ?
Ex: I havebeen here for 10 years
She haslearned English since 2009
- Usage :- Dùng để miêu tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng chưa hoàn tất ở hiện tại
* For + khoảng thời gian Ex: You have studied English for 4 years.
* Since + mốc thời gian xác định Ex: She has studied English since 2010
- Dấu hiệu nhận biết: just, recently, already, yet, since, for…
6 S +be + (not ) adjective + enough (for someone)+to infinitive (không ) đủ ……… để
Ex: The water is hot enough for me to drink
She isn’t old enough to be in my class
S +be + TOO + adjective + to V ( infinitive):Qúa không thể
Ex: She is too young to be in my class
7 Adverbs of places ( Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn ):
outside, inside, there, here, upstairs, downstairs
Ex: He is not outside He is inside
8 Reflexive pronouns.(Đại từ phản thân): myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves, themselves
Ex: Be careful You’ll cut yourself.
Ex: An sent this letter itself.
Ex: Mary herself cleaned the floor./ Mary cleaned the floor herself.
9 Modal verbs
- Form: (+) S + modal verb + V + ……… Ex : I can sing very well/ Hoa may not come
to the party tomorrow
- Modal verbs: must, ought to, have to, should, can, could, may, might
* MUST:Diễn tả sự bắt buộc hay sự cần thiết Ex: He must do this exercise again.
Ex: We must drive on the right.
* HAVE TO :Diễn tả sự bắt buộc
Ex: Your eyes are weak You have to wear glasses
* OUGHT (NOT) TO + V(base form) (nên): diễn tả lời khuyên
Ex: We ought to obey our parents.
* SHOULD: diễn tả lời khuyênEx: You should help the needed children
* MAY / CAN / COULD :diễntả lời yêu cầu hay đề nghị
- Yêu cầu sự giúp đỡ: Can / Could + you + V + O / A, please? (Ex: Can you help me,please?=
Could you do me a favor?)
- Đề nghị giúp ai: May + I + V + O/A ?; Let + me + V + O/A Do you need any help? Ex: May I help you? That is very kind of you
10 Questions with “WHY”: Dùngđể hỏi về nguyên nhân hay lý do
Why + do /does/ did? + S + V + O ?
Ex: Why do they cover the electric sockets?
Để trả lời câu hỏi với Why ta có thể dùng :
- Mệnh đề với “because” Ex: Why do you get up early? – Because I want to do exercise.
- Cụm động từ nguyên mẫu Ex: Why do you do exercise? – (Because I want ) to keep fit and stay healthy
Trang 311 Prepositions of time ( Giới từ chỉ thời gian ) : at, in ,on, from to, by, before, after,
between,
- AT : + một điểm thời gian cụ thể Ex : We have classes at one o’clock
+ night /noon/ midnight Ex : I sleep at night
+ the morning/afternoon / evening Ex : We have classes in the morning
+ Thứ ngày Ex: I was born on April 6, 2006
- FROM + một điểm thời gian + TO+ một điểm thời gian
Ex: We have classes from 7.00 to 10.15
12 Used to + V(bare) :diễn tả một thói quen trong quá khứ nay không còn
Ex: He often played tennis when he was young, but he doesn’t do it anymore
-> He used to play tennis when he was young
13 Adverb of Manner( Trạng từ chỉ thể cách ): thường theo sau tân ngữ Đa số trạng từ chi thể
cách được cấu tạo từ tính từ thêm hậu tố “LY” : adjective + ly = adverb
EX: soft + ly -> softly bad + ly -> badly careful + ly -> carefully
Ex: This man drives carefully.
* Note: Một số tính từ không thể thêm “LY” mà phải biến đổi hoặc giữ nguyên:
Ex: good -> well hard -> hard fast -> fast early/ late-> early/ late
Ex: She is a good singer She sings well
* Vị trí trạng từ:
*) Sau động từ thừơng:She studies well.
Notes:
-Sau “to be” và trước danh từ là tính từ: She is good/ She is a good student.
- S + seem/ look/ sound/ feel/ smell/ become/ get + ADJ
14 Commands, requests and advice in reported speech
* Commands in reported speech: Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu ở lời nói gián tiếp
( Don’t ) + V + O / A
S + told/ asked + O + ( not ) + toV ( infinitive) + O / A
Ex: “Turn off the light before going top bed,” my mother said to me
My mother told me to turn off the light before going to bed
Ex: “Don’t play with matches,” the mother said
The mother warned her child not to play with matches
Ex: “Can you turn on the light, Ba?” He asked Ba to turn on the light.
Ex: “Please don’t make a noise here.” They asked us not to make a noise there
* Advice in reported speech: Lời khuyên ở lời nói gián tiếp có cấu trúc:
Ex: “You should work harder for exam, Tim” Miss Jackson said
Miss Jackson said (to Tim) Tim shouldstudy harder for the exam
15 Gerund (danh động từ ):là dạng động từ tận cùng bằng “ – ING” và có chức năng của một
danh từ
- Theo sau một số động từ : enjoy, like, don’t like, love, dislike, hate, stop, practice , prefer, …
Ex: I likereading books.
16 Comparison of adjectives and adverbs
1 So sánh bằng:
- Dạng khẳng định: S + be + as + adj + as + Noun Ex: Mai is as tall as Lan
- Dạng phủ định: S + be + not + as + adj + as + Noun Ex: Mai isn’t as tall as Lan
2 Similarity ( Sự tương đồng) :Để diễn tả sự tuơng đồng ta có thể dùng :
- LIKE (giống , như ) Ex: He‘s like his father
- THE SAME AS (giống như ) Ex: Your shirt is the same as Ba’s
- DIFFERENT FROM (khác với ) Ex: He’s different from his mother
- SIMILAR TO
17 Comparative and superlative adjectives ( So sánh hơn và so sánh nhất )
S1 + said (+ to + O+that) S2 + should + V
Trang 4a So sánh hơn:
- Tính từ ngắn: S + be + short adj_ER + than + … Ex: Ba is taller than Hoa
- Tính từ dài: S + be + MORE long adj + than + … Ex: Ba is more intelligent than Hoa
b Superlatives (So sánh nhất):
- Tính từ ngắn:The + adj –est Ex: This tower is the tallest
- Tính từ dài: The + most + adj Ex: Hoa is the most beautiful in my class
Note : Một số tính từ bất quy tắc :
good - better - the best far - farther - the farthest little - less - the least
bad - worse - the worst further - the furthest
18.passive voice
1- Structure:
S + V + O
S + be + V 3/ed + by + O 2-Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
-Xác định chủ ngữ, trạng từ và tân ngữ của câu chủ động
-Chuyển động từ chính thành V3/ed
-Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ nhân xưng: they hay đại từ (someone, everyone, people ) cĩ thể bỏ
6 V-ing and V-ed Participles And Requests
Hiện tại phân từ và quá khứ phân từ: V-ing and V-ed participles:
Cĩ 2 loại Participle Phrases : Present Participle Phrases và Past Participle Phrases.
a Present Participle Phrases: hiện tại phân từ diễn tả ý chủ động (Active), hoặc “đang
làm gì”: Thường dùng với người
- The boy standing over there is Jack.
- The boys playing in the garden are his sons.
b Past Participle Phrases: qua khứ phân từ dùng diễn tả ý thụ động (Passive) Thường dùng
với đồ vật
The car made from recycled aluminum cans is 5 dollars.
The doll dressed in blue is Mary’s.
B BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG:
PHONETICS
I.Choose one word with underlined part pronounced differently from the others
1.A pancake B stadium C tasty D change
2.A grocery B money C month D comfort
3.A effect B delicious C president D selection
4.A just B summer C much D humid
5.A started B helped C wanted D decided
6 A blond B joke C soccer D boxing
7 A rise B smile C slim D kind
8 A sure B seem C sense D suit
9 A dream B speak C deaf D please
10.A armchair B chore C match D chemist
II Choose the word which has different stressed syllable
1 A humid B airmail C discuss D pancake
2 A notice B effect C contact D surface
Trang 53 A concern B comfort C product D market
4 A customer B grocery C resident D delicious
5 A organize B community C restaurant D neighborhood
6 A message B furniture C cousin D invent
7 A countless B service C transmit D answer
8 A invention B agreement C arrangement D demonstrate
9 A exhibition B introduction C emigration D stationery
10 A orphanage B delivery C experiment D directory
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1 I don’t talk much in public I am rather ………… …
A.kind B sociable C reserved D humorous
2 The children go to school
A myself B himself C herself D themselves
3 You must look in the …… section of the newspaper to find out what films are showing
A advertisement B recreation C diversion D participation
4 The moon around the earth
A.wentB goesC go D going
5 ……… you like to go to the movies? – I’d love to
A.WouldB CouldC Do D Will
6 Don’t go , it is too cold
A.inside B outside C downstairs D upstairs
7 They have waited for her ……… 6 o’clock
A for B since C at D from
8 This neighborhood is ………from that one
A different B the same C as D like
9 What does she look like? …
A She look beautiful B She is beautiful C She looks like beautiful
D She likes beautiful
10 The calendar is ………… ………the clock
A.on B under C behind D in
11 Minh and I didn’t enjoy ………at the party
A myself B ourselves C himself D themselves
12 When my father was young, he used to …………very well
A singing B sang C sings D sing
13 You should work ………… in order to pass the exams
A hardly B hard C good D badly
14 It is too dark ………photographs here
A to take B take C taking D took
15 Jim is not old enough ……….this book
A read B reading C to read D reads
16 Could you do me a favor? ………
A.What can I do for you? B Thanks a lot C It’s very kind of you
D No, thank you I’m fine
17 I ……….hersince 2008
A haven’t met B don’t meet C didn’t meet D won’t
18 The doctor said he ……….to bed earlier
A should go B to go C going D goes
19 They got married and lived ………
A unhappy B happy C happily D happiness
20 The boys stopped ………… football because of the rain
A to play B play C playing D played
21 I…………here since 1990
Trang 6A live B have lived C lived D am living
22 Lipton teais ……….Dilmah tea
A different from B the same C like to D similar
23 She is studying hard ………… pass the final exam
A for B in order to C so to D so that
24 I know you worked really……… this semester
A quick B good C bad D hard
25 His parents are always proud ………….him
26 She advised me……… late
A not B not to be C not be D not being
27 I’ll see you…… Sunday, April 1
28 I’m enrolling ………… the activities
29.Would you like ……… a message?
A to leave B leave C left D leaving
30 It’s difficult ……… this mountain
A climb B climbing C to climb D climbed
READING
I Read the passage and choose the best answer for each question.
First-aid kits: Stock supplies that can save lives
A well-stocked first-aid kit can help you respond effectively to common injuries and emergencies Keep at least one first-aid kit in your home and one in your car.Store your kit in easy-to-retrieve locations that are out of the reach of young children
Check your first-aid kits regularly, at least every three months, to be sure the flashlight batteries work and to place supplies that have expired
In addition, take a first-aid course to prepare for a possible medical emergency Prepare children for medical emergencies in age- appropriate ways The Vietnamese Red Cross offers a number of helpful resources, including classes designed to help children understand and use first-aid
techniques
1.Besides our home, where should we keep the first-aid kits?
A in the school bag B on the bicycle C on the motorbike D in the car 2.Why do we have to check the first-aid kits regularly?
A to buy the new ones B to throw the old ones away
C to replace supplies that have expired D to be sure the supplies work
3.How often should we check the first-aid kits?
A at least every month B at least every three months
C at least every six months D at least every year
4 Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A The first-aid kits can help us respond effectively to emergencies
B Children of all agesshould not be told where the first-aid kits are
C We should take a first-aid course
D The Vietnamese Red Cross help children understand and use first-aid techniques by offering a number of helpful resources, including classes designed for children
II Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
We usually (1)……….dinner at seven in the evening.Before we sit down at the dinner-table (2)
……… our meals,our food is cooked in the (3)……… The dinner-table is
covered with a white cloth After the meals, the dirty dinner things are taken to the kitchen My sister washes them in the sink.(4)……… the plates and glasses are clean, we put them in the sideboard, in the dinning room
1.A having B have C had D has
2 A to eat B ate C eaten D eating
3 A bedroom B living room C bathroom D kitchen
Trang 74.A What B Why C When D How
WRITING
I Rewrite these sentences, without changing their meanings
1 “ Get up early to learn your lesson, Toan.”
Toan’s father told him ………
2 “ You should improve your English pronunciation, Nga ”
Nga’s teacher said ………
3 Long is weak He can’t carry that heavy box
Long isn’t………
4 The weather wasn’t warm We couldn’t go swimming
The weather ………
5 John is a skillful tennis player
John………
6 Loan runs quickly
Loan is………
7 Plays are not as interesting as films
Films are ………
8 Jill is more intelligent than Bill
Bill isn’t ………
9 “Can you help my son with his English, Tom?”
Mai asked Tom ………
10 My father often walked to work in the past, but now he goes to work by motorbike
Myfather used ………
IV Finish the second sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the first one.
1 They will rebuild the building next year.
The building………
2 The last time we met each other was ten years ago.
We haven………
3 France presented the Statue of Liberty to the United States in 1876.
The Statue ………
4 The ceiling was so high that the children couldn’t reach it.
The ceiling was………
5 People should stop experiments on animals
Experiments………
6 “Don’t cry my child” said the mother.
> The mother asked ………
7 “Don’t throw things away” - Mrs Thanh said to the students (asked)
> Mrs Thanh………
8 He goes Ho Chi Minh city.He want to visit his friend(in order to)
9 Learning Enghlish is interesting
10 It is………
11 They have painted the wall white
the little girl………
V Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.
12 She went out the room saying a word.
13 The life in the countryside is changing better.
14 She was born 2 o’clock 18th July.
15 Mary is thinking importing flowers China.
16 They are traveling the airport a bus.
17 I am afraid ghosts.
Trang 818 My mom divided the cake the children.
19 This country consists two regions.
20 The canoe turned over and everyone fell the deep water.
21 She has looked her pen for three hours but she hasn’t found it yet.
II Write a paragraph of 40- 50 words about:
- Your neighborhood
- Your house
- Your learning English
- Your hobbies
- Your studies