______energy uses natural sources of energy such as the sun, wind, or water for power and fuel, rather than oil, coal, or nuclear power.. _______ is the power from sources such as electr[r]
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GLOSSARY
1 alternative [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv] khác
2 complicated ['kɔmplikeitid]
3 composition [,k
4 consumption [k
5 create [kri:'eit] nên, thành, sáng
6 creation (n), creative (adj.), creativeness = creativity (n)
7 ecologist [i'kɔlədɔist] nhà sinh thái 7
8 entire = whole [in'tai
9 entirely (adv), entirety (n)
10 extraordinary [iks'tr
11 fossil ['fɔsl] hoá C hoá
12 fuel [fjuəl] D C nhiên E'
13 geothermal [,d
14 it’s high time + S + V2 :
15 infinite ['infinit] không
16 infinity (n)
17 lecture hall:
18 lessen ['lesn] P $Q
19 renewable [ri'nju:əbl] có & S ,
20 có & thay Q có & CT Q
21 percentage [p
22 petroleum [pə'trouliəm] V' X
23 potential [p
24 proportion [pr
25 release [ri'li:s] !* P thoát, !* thoát X !* phóng thích
26 reserve (n) [ri'zə:v] !* * \A ( * \
27 reservoir ['rez
28 ( reservoir of something)
29 rig: giàn khoan V'
30 sailboat ['seilbout]
31 solar ['soulə] 1': Y2 ] @
32 timber ['timb
33 trend[trend]
34 unlimited[
35 windmill ['winmil] xay gió
Read the passage and then do the tasks that follow
At present, most of our energy comes from fossil fuels (oil coal, and natural gas) However, such reserves are strictly limited Because power demand is increasing very rapidly, fossil fuels will be exhausted within a relatively" short time Therefore, people must develop and use alternative sources
of energy
One alternative source is nuclear energy Nuclear energy can provide enough electricity for the world's needs for hundreds of years, but it can be very dangerous Another alternative source of energy is geothermal heat, which comes from deep inside the earth Scientists use this heat to make energy However, this energy is possible only in a few places in the world
The sun, water, and the wind are other alternative sources of energy The wind turns windmills and
Trang 2QUỲNHNH moves sailboats It is a clean source of energy, and there is lots of it Unfortunately, if the wind does not blow, there is no wind energy When water moves from a high place to a lower place, it makes energy This energy is used to create electricity Water power gives energy without pollution However, people have to build dams to use this energy Dams cost a lot of money, so water energy is expensive
The sun releases large amounts of energy every day This energy can be changed into electricity Many countries use solar energy for their daily life Solar panels on the roofs of houses can create enough energy to heat or cool an entire house Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe
Although there are some disadvantages, the potential of alternative sources of energy is great However, how to make full use of these sources of energy is a question for researchers all over the world
Reading comprehension
1 What is our major source of energy?
………
………
………
2 Why must people develop and use alternative sources of energy
………
………
………
3 How many sources of energy are mentioned in the text, and which one do you think has the most potential?
………
………
………
RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO INFINITIVES
Exercise 1 Rewrite the following sentences, using present participial phrase
Example: The man who spoke to John is my brother
The man speaking to John is my brother
1 The boy who is playing the piano is Bend
………
2 Do you know the man who is coming toward us?
………
3 The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet
………
4 The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
………
5 The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood
………
6 We have an apartment which overlooks the park
Trang 3………
Exercise 2 Rewrite the following sentences, using past participial phrase
Example: The Sport Games which was held in India in 1951 was the first Asian Games
The Sport Games held in India in 1951 was the first Asian Games
1 The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting
………
2 I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country
………
3 They live in the house that was built in 1980
………
4 The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary
………
5 The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful
………
6 They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the government
………
Exercise 3 Rewrite the following sentences, using infinitive phrase
Example: Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space
Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space
1 John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain
………
2 The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light
………
3 This is the second person who was killed in that way
………
4 the first person who catches the ball will be the winner
………
5 The first person that we must see is Mr Smith
………
MORE EXERCISES
I Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in the box
exhaust, release, alternate, supply, renew, pollute, research, relate, harm, finite
1 Coal, gas and oil are forms of energy that can not be replaced after used
2 The nuclear plant provides a fifth of the nation's energy
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3 Solar energy is not only plentiful and but also clean and safe
4 Increased consumption will lead to faster of our natural resources
5 Electricity companies were criticized for failing to develop energy sources
6 Oxygen from the water is into the atmosphere
7 Fossil fuels will be exhausted within a short time
8 How to make full use of these sources of energy is a question for all over the world
9 These pesticides are environmentally
10 Water power provides energy without
II Change all of the adjective clauses to adjective phrases Use the participles
1 Only a few of the movie that are shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children
………
2 Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap that contains 70 percent of the earth's fresh water
………
3 Only a small fraction of the eggs that are laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood
………
4 None of the pedestrians who were walking up and down the busy street stopped to help the elderly man who was slumped in the door way
………
5 Food that passes from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube which is called the esophagus
………
6 Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the wild
………
7 The children attended a special movie program that consisted of cartoons that featured Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse
………
8 The Indians who lived in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the Incan culture
………
9 I was awakened by the sound of laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel
………
III Complete the sentences with -ing, -ed, being + -ed or to-infinitive form of these verbs
build drive educate elect flow travel introduce need print say tell off give write win appear
1 The man _ the bus is my brother
2 I went to a reunion for students _ in the physics department during the 1980s
3 As my aunt told me what she thought, I felt like a schoolboy _ by his headmaster
4 There is a sign on the gate _ 'Entry forbidden'
5 Emma Thompson is the most famous actress _ on stage here
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6 Across the river were some of the deer _ into the park in the 19th century
7 Rivers _ into Baltic Sea are much cleaner now than ten years ago
8 New Zealand was the first country _ women the vote
9 The booklets _ as we speak will be on sale later this afternoon
10 Anyone _ further information can see me in my office
11 The guest on our show is the youngest golfer _ the Open
12 Mary O'Brien, the Democrat _ to the council only last week, has resigned
13 We live in a house _ in 1906
14 Any passenger _ to Cambridge should sit in the first two carriages of the train
15 Melanie was the only person _a letter of thanks
IV Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases
1 We visited Madrid, which is the capital of Spain
………
2 Astronomy, which is the study of planets and stars, is one of the world's oldest sciences
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3 Jasmine, which is a plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places
………
4 Arizona, which was once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapid growing industrial and agricultural state
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5 Simon Bolivar, who was a great South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 191h century
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6 Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America
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7 Nero, who was Emperor of Home from A.D 54 to 68, is believed to have murdered both his
mother and his wife
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8 In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonade, which is a drink that is made from lemon juice, water, and sugar
………
9 My uncle Elias, who is a restaurant owner, often buys fish and shellfish from boats that are docked
at the local pier
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10 Honolulu, which is best known to the travelers for Waikiki Beach, has consistently pleasant
weather
………
V Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one
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1 She refuse to answer, which was disappointing
Her ………
2 I have not seen a more wonderful building anywhere
Nowhere ………
3 It is disappointing that we haven't heard from Molly
We are ………
4 'Well done, I'm so glad you've passed your exam.'
I congratulated ………
5 Somebody really ought to look into this problem further
This problem ………
6 Nobody has paid for the tickets, have they?
The tickets ………
7 If I hadn't examined the photograph myself, I would have thought it was a fake
Had ………
8 Tom arrived late and started complaining
Not only ………
9 Smuggling pets is a serious offense, because there is a danger of rabies
Because of ………
10 I wish I could play tennis really well
I'd like ………
TEST 11
A PHONOLOGY
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from those of the rest
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern
5 A empathy B fantastic C internet D recognize
10 a alternative b geothermal c environment d expensively
B READING COMPREHENSION
I Read the text and do the task that follows
SOLAR LIGHTING Throughout the 1900s, the use of the sun as a source of energy has evolved considerably Early
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in the century, the sun was the primary source of interior light for buildings during the day Eventually, however, the cost, convenience, and performance of electric lamps improved and the 'sun was displaced as our primary method of lighting building interiors
Attempts to use sunlight directly for interior lighting via lens collectors, reflective light-pipes, and fiber-optic bundles were the next step
The most recent technology, hybrid solar lighting, collects sunlight and routs it through optical fibers into buildings where it is combined with electric light in "hybrid" light fixtures Sensors keep the room at a steady lighting level by adjusting the electric lights based on the sunlight available This new generation of solar lighting combines both electric and solar power Hybrid solar lighting pipes sunlight directly to the light fixture and no energy conversions are necessary, therefore the process is much more efficient It is currently being developed and tested by Oak Ridge National Laboratory in collaboration with the Department of Energy and several industry partners
Choose the most suitable answers
1 The use of the sun as a source of energy has evolved
A throughout the 19th century B in 1900
C for some centuries D throughout the 20th century
2 In the late 20th century, the sun, our main way of lighting building interiors during the day, was replaced by
A fiber-optic bundles B electric lamps
C lens collectors D reflective light-pipes
3 All of the following are mentioned as parts of the most recent technology for using sunlight for interior lighting EXCEPT
A optical fibers B sensors C adaptors D hybrid light fixtures
4 The process of piping sunlight to the light fixture _
C is not very efficient D is fairly expensive
5 The process is now _
A widely used
B sponsored by the Department of Energy
C under the strict control of the Government
D being researched and tested
II Fill in the blanks with the correct answers
Have you (1) _used a magnifying glass to make something melt or burn? If yes, you were using solar power!
"Solar" is the Latin word for "sun" - and it's a powerful (2) of energy (3) _, the sunlight that shines on the Earth in just one hour could meet world energy demand (4) an entire year! We can use solar power in two different ways: as a heat source, and as an energy source People
(5) _the sun as a heat source for thousands of years Families in ancient Greece built their homes to get the most sunlight (6) _the cold winter months In the 1830s, explorer John Herschel used a solar collector to cook food during an adventure in Africa You can even try this at home! (7) _we can use solar collectors for heating water and air in our homes If you've seen a house with big shiny panels (8) , that family is using solar power
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3 A In deed B In fact C In spite of D In addition to
5 A were using B has used C have used D had used
8 A on the top B on the roof C on the bottom D on the peak
C USE OF ENGLISH
I Vocabulary
Choose the best answers
1 The teacher is the rules of the game to his students
2 She's very with her children
3 The bank refused to _ the money to us
4 The country _ its independence twenty years ago
5 The boy was told to _ for breaking the vase
6 Oil, coal, and natural gas are
a solar system b nuclear power c hydropower d fossil fuels
7 energy uses natural sources of energy such as the sun, wind, or water for power and fuel, rather than oil, coal, or nuclear power
a Alternative b Solar c Hydroelectricity d Electricity
8 _ is the power from sources such as electricity and coal that makes machines work or provides heat
9 Water energy is used to create electricity
10 A _ is a structure that is used to convert the power of the wind into electricity
11 Nuclear power is cleaner than coal
12 Underground cables carry to all parts of the town
a electric b electricity c electrify d electrification
13 We will never actually used solar energy in its
a entire b entirely c entirety d entireties
14 Although we need more energy, we should consider the of a nuclear power station
a disadvantage b disadvantageous c disadvantaged d disadvantageously
15 A greenhouse is warm because the glass traps the _ of the sun
16 Coal power stations sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere
17 How long will it be before the world's fuel supplies are exhausted?
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a got rid of b used up c put up with d gone out
18 He had spent his entire life in China to work as an energy researcher
19 Fossil Fuels will be exhausted within a relatively short time
a comparatively b shortly c rapidly d disadvantageously
20 The potential of alternative sources of energy is great
a ability to achieve b solar system c use d heat
21 There is of solar energy that we cannot make full use of
a plenty b plenties c plentiful d plentifully
22 Thanks to the _ of scientists all over the world, our life has become better and better
a create b creative c creatively d creativity
23 The seas store _and release it gradually during cold periods
II Prepositions and Phrasal verbs
Choose the best answers
1 I'm anxious _ Tom His plane is overdue
2 "I agree that Bob looks ridiculous since he shaved his head, but don't make fun him or you'll hurt his feelings."
3 Students are encouraged to take part _ the discussion
4 I'm very interested _ English literature
5 When the teacher entered the room, all the students stood _
6 present, scientists are trying to find out the most suitable energy
7 Nuclear power can provide us great source of energy
8 Do you know where this kind of energy comes ?
9 The sun releases large amounts _ energy every day
10.The solar energy can change _ electricity
11.We do not have plenty _ energy as we think
III Structures
Choose the best answers
1 - He doesn't like tea Does he like coffee?
- No, he likes
A neither tea or coffee B neither tea nor coffee
C either tea or coffee D either tea nor coffee
2 I _cartoon since I was a child
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3 We will go camping _it rains
4 The song we listened last night was good
5 had the cinema opened than people were flocking to see movies
6 - I know you lost your wallet Did you lose your key too?
- Yes, I lost
A both my wallet or my key B neither my wallet nor my key
7 I went to bed after I my homework
A finish B have finished C finished D had finished
8 Water freezes if the temperature below Doe
9 I _ my homework by the time I go out on a date tonight
10 Physics to understand the mysteries of the physical world
16 You should disconnect power before attempting to repair electrical equipment
17 The energy _by the windmill drives all the drainage pumps
a that is producing b which produces c producing d produced
18 They are making an artificial lake _water for an area
a provided b that provided c to provide d which is provided
19 Acid rain refers to any form of precipitation more acidic than normal rainwater
20 Carbon dioxide is the gas _human beings and other animals exhale
21 The industrialized nations have promoted the waste of fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions
a increases b to increase c increased d which increases
22 Scientists are constantly searching for new sources of power modern society running
a using for keeping b that uses to keep c user for keeping d which uses to keep
23 She is the only one in the discussion to using nuclear power
a objects b objected c to object d whom objects
24 The old man _a black suit is a famous energy researcher
25 Johnny was the last applicant _for a position in that energy station
a to interview b which is interviewed c interviewing d to be interviewed
26 Coal, _of energy in many countries, is a serious pollutant
... provides a fifth of the nation''s energy Trang 4English-grade11-U9-U1 2-2 00 8- page 4
3... 5
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6 Across the river were some of the deer _ into the park in the... 8
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3 A In deed B In fact C In spite of D In addition to
5 A were using