Khdng gian kidn trfle ndi tu Van Midu - Qudc Tfl Gilm dugc ngan d c h vdi vudn Gilm vl khdng gian bdn ngoli bing tudng gach vd; gdm 5 ldp khdng gian, mdi ldp dugc gidi ban bdi ele t[r]
Trang 1CUA VAN MIEU QUOC TQ GIAM
DAO THI T H O Y ANH
Kidn trfle Van
Midu - Qudc
Tfl Giam d i e d
\ii thdi L^ Dien mao cua
ngdi fludng dai hgc nly
dirge thay ddi qua eac
trieu dai phong kien
nhidu chi lidi, bd phan
kidn uiic dugc trung tu
song vln dya tren tinh
thiin ndn lang eua tu tudng
nhap thd Nho giao
Co thd ndi Van Mieu
-Qudc Tfl Giam la mdt
cong Uinh kien true ddc dao, nd khdng chi chfla
dung ydu td van hda ma cdn la thlnh qua sang
tao tuyet vdi cua ngudi xua vdi nhimg td chat
tao hlnh dam da phong elch dan tdc Viet Nam
TirTiiTry ldi Van Mieu mdn Dai Trung mdn,
Khud Van Cac, Dai Bli, Dien Dai Thanh (noi
thd Khdng tfl va tfl phdi: Tu tu, Nhan tfl, Manh
ii> Tang tfl), den Nha Thai Hoc, noi thd thay
d u Van An vl 3 vj vua Ly Thanh Tdng, Ly
Nhln Tdng Le Thanh Tdng lit ea tao nen mdi
chu trinh kidn true khep kin trong khdng gian
mfl Toan canh kien true vdi ding ve nhlp nhd
ciia nhflng hang mai Igp ngdi mui hai vdi sle
nSu trSm nhu nhung cung bac cua mdt khudng
nhac trong khdng gian tram mac tinh tai eua
V3n Midu - Qud'c Tfl Giam Do la su kd't hgp
Idieo ldo gifla he thdng kd't clu kidn tnic vdi
:ach thflc trang trf trdn cdl U-u, diu dao, mai
*'ay, tran bia tao ndn net da phong d c h cua
:um kidn tnic u-ung tam
Tren tinh than ke thfla y tudng giao due xua
Sia Van Midu - Qudc Tfl Giam ngay nay dugc
Ngudi Hd Ndi ndi ridng, nhdn ddn
cd nudc ndi chung, da cd nhidu ngudi bidt ddn mdt Van Mieu - Qud'c Td GIdm cd' kinh, trudng dai hoc diu lidn cda Vidl Nam Ddy nguydn id noi thd Kh£ng
td, cdc hdc tidn thdnh, tidn so cua Nho hoc Tif sau nam 1070, Vdn Mid'u cdn
Id noi thd Tu nghidp Qud'c Td Gidm Chu Van An - ngudi thay ddng Idnh cua nen
gido due Viet Nam Sau thdi Ld sti, Vdn
Midu duoc md rdng thdm noi hgc hdnh cda cdc thai td vd b'd thdnh Vdn Mieu-Qud'c Td Gidm nhu hay gid
trang tri kha dep mil Tfl tam quan di vao trdn con dudng theo true ble nam,
hai ben cd nhflng cku ddi
chfl Han them trang tri kei hoa sinh dgng:
Hifng hoc nhdm hien Trung thii hieu di Hgc chinh kinh truyen Dao irong stf ton
Tfl tfl try, tam quan den Khue Van Cac bai dudng ddu duge hinh thanh trong tu duy thie't kd gin chat vdi tu tudng Nho giao vl cung vdi nhflng van bia hga tier trang trf lao ndn mdt chinh the trgn ven Tren gd ndc Dai Trung mdn
cd hlnh nam rugu cudn thu vl ludng chep chau hai ben kdt hop vdi hoa la each dieu tao nen su mem mai, tinh te' Chit lieu trang trf kien true dugc gin gdm mau ket hgp vdi ky thuat khlc cham bang d e yS'u td net, mang, khdi chic khde, song khdng kem phln sinh ddng Ndi den irang tri d Van Mieu - Qudc Tfl Giam ihudng khdng thd bd qua hga liet hoa sen irang trf iren
van bia ed b day, dd la mdt kidu thflc irang trf
linh id giau yeu id van hda nghe thuat Sen -bidu tugng cua linh thin Phat gilo - la loli hoa mang nhflng phim chat thanh cao cua nha Phat song trong he thdng kid'n true vl trang trf kidn irflc d Van Midu - Qudc Tfl Gilm, sen lai thd' hidn duge rd net tinh than Nho hoc Dac bidt nhung mang cham khlc hlnh hoa sen tren trln bia vdi sy thay ddi each dieu vd kidu dang, bd eye da thd hidn net tinh te cua ngudi xua mudn gfli glm y tudng vd nhung phim chit thanh
So 337 I p i l
Trang 2sach, linh khidt luu gifl buong thom ci!ia loli
hoa qui? Phai chang day chfnh 11 d c h so sinh
In nglm vd phim chl'l cilia d c blc hidn nhln
dugc ghi danh lai Van Midu - Qudc Tfl Gilm
Vd chl'l lieu kidn true co ban mang tinh chl'l
cd kfnh, bdn chic Khdng gian kidn trfle ndi tu
Van Midu - Qudc Tfl Gilm dugc ngan d c h vdi
vudn Gilm vl khdng gian bdn ngoli bing
tudng gach vd; gdm 5 ldp khdng gian, mdi ldp
dugc gidi ban bdi ele tudng gach vl cd d c cfla
thdng nhau, mdt cij:a chfnh gifla vl hai cfla phu
hai bdn vdi clc kidn true chfl thd 11: cdng Van
Midu, cdng Dai IVung, Khud Vln Clc, c6ng
Dai Thlnh, khu didn thd, cdng Thii Hoc vl kdt
Ihflc II khu Thii Hgc Phfa trudc Van Midu
mdn 11 tfl try (nghi mdn) vl hai llm bia ha m l
hai bdn, dd II mdc ranh gidi chidu ngang phfa
trudc mat cdng Xua kia du cdng hlu hay khanh
ludng, du vong lgng hay ngua xe hd di qua Van
Midu ddu phai xudng di bd ft nhl'l tfl llm bia ha
ma ben nly sang tdi llm bia ha m l ben kia mdi
lai dugc Idn xe len ngya
Dac biet, tfl try trudc Van Midu mdn dugc
xay bing gach, hai try gifla dugc xly cao hon,
tren cd hlnh 2 con nghe chlu Hai tru ngoli dip
ndi 4 con chim phugng xde d n h chip dudi
nhau Trdn tfl try cd dip ddi cau ddi chfl Hln
Van Midu mdn 11 cdng lam quan phfa ngoli,
cdng ed ba cfla, cfla gifla cao lo vl xay 2 ting
Ting trdn cd ba chfl (Van Midu mdn), kidu ding
kidn trfle Van Midu mdn mang
nhidu ndt ddc dio, nhin bdn
ngoai tam quan II 3 kidn trfle
rieng biet Phia u-udc cdng lam
quan II ddi rdng dl d e h didu
thdi Ld, ben irong II ddi rdng
dl thdi Nguydn Hai mat cdng
tam quan phia ngoli cd hai clu
ddi (khdng ro nien dai)
Tfl cdng chinh Van Midu
mdn, vlo khdng gian thfl nhll
ggi II khu nhlp dao, theo
dudng thing tdi cdng thfl hai II
Dai Trung mdn Ngang hIng
vdi Dai Trung mdn bdn trai cd
Thlnh Dflc mdn, ben phai cd Kidn trfle
Dal Tli mdn Bflc tudng ngang ndi ba cfla vuon dli ra hai bdn tdi tin tudng vay dgc bdn ngoai Hai bdn ta hun ciia ca khu Van Midu, cflng vdi ludng ngang noi Van Midu mdn tao thlnh mdt khu hlnh vudng cd tudng khdp kin Cfla Dai Trung mdn dugc llm theo kidu 3 gian, xay tren ndn gach cao, cd mli lop ngdi mui hIi, cd hai
hIng cdl hidn trudc vl sau, b giiia II hIng cdt
chdng nde Gian gifla cdng ireo mdt llm bidn nhd dd 3 chfl son then Dai Trung mdn Con dudng thing tfl Van Midu mdn tdi Dai Trung mdn vuon dli thing tidp tdi Khud Van Clc 11 mdt tlu vudng tim mli, bao gdm bdn mai thugng vl bdn mli ha, cao gin chin thudc Glc dyng trdn mdt ndn vudng cao can xflng cd lit gach Bit Trlng, mdi bd cd chidu dli 116,8
mdt Di budc Idn dugc ndn vudng nly phai di
qua ba bac Ihang d l Kidu ding kidn true Khue van Cac rlt bli hda vl ddc dio Ting dudi 114 tru vudng, mdi canh cfla try cd chidu dli 1 met
vl trdn clc mat iru ddu cd cham trd clc hoa van may, 11 each dieu rll linh xao Ting trdn, kidn trfle gd son son thdp vlng trfl mli Igp vl nhflng
phln trang tri gdc mli hoac trdn bd ndc la bkag
chit lidu dlt nung hoac vdi d t ed dd bdn cao vdi ele mdtip hoa 11 elch didu Trdn bd ndc cd ddi rdng chlu cham khlc vdi clc dudng net manh nhd, elch didu cao, kdl hgp vdi hoa van may ludi lua dim ndt phong d c h trang trf thdi
Ld Sin gd cd chua 2 khoang trdng dd ble thang
m§t gdc khu nhd Thdi Hgc Anh Minh Binh
11 So 337
Thang 7-2012
Trang 3len gac Bdn canh san ed didm gd cham trd hoa
Ii, may trdi mdt d c h tinh vi Bdn gdc sin ed
lan can con tidn cung bing gd Bdn mat tudng
bit van gd, mdi mlt ddu lam mdt cfla trdn ed
nhflng thanh gd chdng toa ra bdn phfa Cfla va
nhflng thanh gd chdng tucmg trung cho sao
Khue vl nhflng tia sing eua sao Md trdn sit
mai phia cfla ngoli vlo treo mdt bidn son son
thidp vang 3 chfl Khui Vdn Cdc
Gac Khud Van, glc nhd, kidn trfle gian dj
nhung tao nha vl him chih van hda sau sic
Theo Kinh djch nhuflg eon sd Id (1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
thudc vd duong, bidu hidn sy sinh sdi nay nd vl
phal bidn, Khud Van Clc cd 8 mli II bit quIi,
cd them 1 ndc d tren 11 9 s6 cflu trfl, sd cue
duong Theo quan niem xua, gidng Thien quang
hlnh vudng tugng trung cho mat dlt, cfla sd
hlnh trdn cfla glc Khue van tugng trung eho
b^u trdi, cd ^ ndi noi day 11 noi tip trung mgi
tinh hoa cfla trdi dlt, ed $ ludng dd cao trung
tam gilo due van hda Nho hgc Vidt Nam (1)
Dd la sy kdl hgp chinh ehu eua trdi vl dl't, eua
vudng va trdn trong quy luat bli hda am
-duong Ngoai ra, Idp kidn tnic nly cdn cd cfla
Bi van vl cfla Sflc van Cfla Bf van kdt thuc con
duflng lit gach nho chay tfl ei^a Thlnh Dflc tidn
trai, Bf van dugc hidu nghia 11 trang sflc ndn ve
dep - van chuong trau chudi sang sua Cfla Sflc
van kdt thflc con dudng lit gach nhd chay tfl
c&i Dal Tai ben phai Sue Van dugc hidu nghTa
la van chuong him sue phong phfl, cd kha nang
audi dudng ve dep cua llm hdn Hai cfla nly
tvdi gac Khud Van din ldi Thien Quang
va hai vudn bia tidn si tao ndn mdt Ihd thflc
^ t r l c khdp kin
• P i i e n Quang tinh (gidng soi Inh sing blu
irai c6n dugc ggi II Van Tri (ao van) Thidn
H^^ nghTa 11 Inh sing blu trdi Gidng hlnh
^ B p , quanh bd ddu xay hang lan can ldi dd
W^^ lung Ngudi xua mudn gfli glm quan
niem gidng hinh vudng tugng trung cho dlt, cfla
ti6n gac Khue Van tugng trung cho trdi II sy
fcdtfhgp holn hao linh hoa cua d trdi vl dlt
82 dun bia tidn si dung d hai ben phai trai
ciia gidng Thien Quang mdi bdn 41 llm dyng
thanh 2 hang ngang, mat bia ddu quay vd phfa
gidng Ca hai bdn, gifla mdi vudn bia xay mdt Ida dinh vudng, 4 mat bd trdng ndn cao, gifla ndn ed bd, cfla ddu trdng thing xudng gidng Day II hai tda dinh thd bia
Trong s6 d e bia dl tai Van Midu - Qudc Tfl
Gilm, ngudi la phan Iheo d e nhdm trang trf trin bia vdi ele phong elch khac nhau: 'Tfl 1484-1536, 14 bia ed kfch thudc bia nhd, u-ln bia khlc hinh hoa 11, mly, trang, rfla diu nging cao, ding md chim, khdi trdn chii chudt 25 bia tfl 1653 trln bia cd hlnh rdng chlu mat nguyet, rfla ed rut, diu hoi chflc, mil bet, sdng mui nlng cao 43 bia 1714-1780 dieu khle cham khle sinh ddng Rua dl cd ngln, mai vdng Idn,
ed gd sdng lung cham hlnh 6 d n h " (2) Rieng van bia nam 1602 cd ttang tri didm Iran bia vdi hlnh 2 phugng chlu mat nguyet, lao thanh didm phi d c h cho he thdng trang tri bia da lai khu Van Midu Ngoai be thdng trang trf vl nhflng ldp kidn Irflc trong ndi ty Van Midu - Qudc Tfl Gilm, ve dep cua Van Midu - Qudc Tfl Giam cdn duge tdn thdm bdi he thdng tugng iron; luy ididng nhidu nhung nhflng tic phim dae la chan dung thay Chu Van An, 3 vi vua Ly Thanh Tdng, LJ Nhan Tdng, Le Thlnh Tdng lai khu Thii Hgc da thd hidn net ddc dao cua nghd thuat dieu khle, trang trf d Van Midu - Qudc Tfl Gilm ndi rieng
Nhin chung, ydu td nghe thuat irong he thdng trang trf - kidn trfle Van Midu - Qudc Tfl Giam II ngudn vdn cd phong phfl, vd tan khoi ngudn sang tao eho nhiing ai dam me nghe thuat truydn thdng dan tdc Cd thd ndi Van Midu - Qudc Tfl Giam la noi chfla dyng nhimg gia tri van hda ddc dio, noi ghi danh clc bac hidn tli dlt Viet, noi ngan ddi luu gifl ven nguydn nguydn khi cfla mdt qudc gia giau iruydn thdng van hda II nidm ty hlo cfla dan ldc Viet Nam si
D.T.TA
1 Nguyfin Quang L6c Pham Thiiy Hang Vdn
Mieu-Qu^c Td Gidm, Thdng Long • Hd Ndi, Nxb Ha Ndi,
2009.tr.2I,
2 Trfch 16i d5n in tren bang gidi thifiu bia ti^n sT tai van Mifu
So 3371