Luat bao ve mdi trudng 2005 ciia Viet Nam, da quy dinh: Dd'i vdi cac khu san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vu tap trung cdn quy hoach, bd trf cac khu chirc nang, loai hinh boat ddng phai gd[r]
Trang 1GICII VIET - TRUNG
TRAN THI TUYfiT*
I DAT VAN D^
Khu kinh te cira khau (KKTCK) la mdt
khdng gian kinh te' xac dinh, gdn vdi cua khau
qud'c te hay cira khau chfnh ciia qud'c gia, cd
dan eu sinh sd'ng va dugc dp dung nhiing ca
che', chinh sach phat trien dac thti, phu hgp
vdi dac diem timg dia phuang sd tai nham
mang lai hieu qua kinh te' - xa hdi eao nhat
dua tren viec quy hoach, khai tbac, sir dung,
phat trien ben viing cac ngudn luc, do Chfnh
phii hoac Thii tudng quyei dinh thanh lap
Hoat ddng kinh te' cira khdu chii ye'u la giao
thuang hang boa va du lich qua ciia khau dai
lien giiia nudc ta va nudc ban (cd the den ca
nudc thii: ba, thii tu) Chiu tac ddng manh cua
cac khu kinh te', cac viing kinh te' ciing nhu
cac chfnh sach bien mau trong va ngoai nudc
Ngudn bang hda, dich vu tai chd hay tir noi
khac de'n cd vai trd rat quan trgng de dam bao
hoat ddng va van hanh hieu qua Ddng thdi
trong qua trinh boat ddng ciia minh, cac chfnh
sach quan ly dieu hanh lien quan den rat
nhieu cdc thdng le quy luat chung ciia qud'c
te', va'n de chil quydn va an ninh bien gidi, cac
hiep dinh thda thuan chung giiia cac nudc cd
chung dudng bien gidi, Vi vay, ttiy dieu
kien ttrng noi, trinh do quan ly, quy md phdt
trien se hinh thanh cac md hinh kinh te' cira
khau khac nhau Mdi md hinh se irng vdi mdt
giai doan phat trien rieng biet theo xu hudng
phat trien tir dd'i iing sang dd'i trgng, ttr the' bi
ddng sang chii ddng sao cho phat huy hei cac
lgi the canh tranh tinh va ddng cua qud'c gia
trong qua trinh hdi nhap va phat trien
Trong bdi canh hdi nhap qud'c te nhu hien
nay, viec Chfnh phii danh nhieu uu tien cho
viec phat trien cac vimg kinh te' la vd cting
cdn thiei Vting bien gidi Viet - Trung la dia
ban chie'n lugc dac biet quan trgng ve kinh
te'-xa hdi, qud'c phdng, an ninh va dd'i ngoai ciia
ca nudc; cd tiem nang lgi the ve ndng, lam
nghiep, khoang san, du lich, kinh te' cua khdu
va kinh te' bien; la viing cd nhieu dan tdc vdi ban sde van hda rieng; cd md'i quan he mat thiei vdi Thii dd Ha Ndi, vdi viing kinh te trgng diem Bdc Bd thdng qua he thd'ng hanh lang kinh te' - ky thuat - dd thi quan trgng va vdi cac tinh phfa Nam, Ddng Nam Trung Qud'c qua he thd'ng cac cira khau nhu Lang Som, Lao Cai, Mdng Cai
Cimg vdi cac chinh sach uu tien cua Chfnh phu, trong nhiing nam qua, cac KKTCK da dat dugc nhieu thanh tuu dang ke trong phat trien kinh te'-xa hdi, dam bao an ninh qude phdng va budc dau tao siic bat kinh te' d dia phucmg Tuy nhien, nhiing kei qua nay nhin chung vdn cdn qua nhd be so vdi tiem nang hien cd, nhieu KKTCK cdn chua dau tu va sir dung hgp ly cac ngudn luc va viec quan ly KKTCK cdn the hien nhieu bai cap cho phat trien Dac biet, trong quan ly tai nguyen va mdi trudng, va'n de d nhidm mdi trudng dang didn bie'n kha phiic tap Su gia tang ve d nhidm trong khdng khi, mdi trudmg nudc, chat thai rdn va cac bieu hien suy thoai ve da dang sinh hgc da gay anh hudng tdi siic khde ngudi dan va tac ddng xa'u tdi su phat trien ben vung cua dia phuang va khu vuc
Van dd dat ra hien nay la lam the' nao de quan ly, khai tbac cd hieu qua va ben vting tai cac KKTCK, de cac tiem nang nay trd thanh mdt ddng luc va ddn bay thiic day su phat trien kinh te' xa hdi va an ninh qud'c phdng d vimg bien Dac biet, trd thanh cdng cu quan trgng gdp phan xda ddi giam ngheo va giam chenh lech giiia cac vting trong ca nudc va giiia cac dan tdc
Bai viet nay chi nham dua ra mdt so giai phap khde phue tinh trang d nhidm mdi trudng
* Tran Thi Tuyet Ths., Vien Nghien ciiu Mdi trudng va Phat trien bin vOng
IQ
Trang 2Tran Thj Tuyet - Van de mdi trifdng tai cac khu kinh te cda khau
tai cac KKTCK tren ca sd tdng quan cac ca
sd phap ly ve bao ve mdi trudmg tai cac lanh
thd kinh te' dac biet va danh gia mdt so van de
ve d nhidm mdi trudng tai cac KKTCK bien
gidi Viet - Trung
n TONG QUAN CAC QUY DINH PHAP
L t vt BAO Vfi MOI TRUING TAI
CAC KHU KINH Tfe' CUA KHAU
Cdng tac bao ve mdi trudmg trong cac khu
kinh te' ndi chung va KKTCK ndi rieng, da
dugc quan tam chii trgng ngay ttr giai doan
dau thanh lap va thudng xuyen dugc dieu
chinh, sao cho phii hgp vdi timg giai doan phat
trien ciia ddt nudc Chinh phu phan chia rd
trach nhiem dd'i vdi ttmg Bd, nganh va dia
phuang trong viec phdi hgp nhdm phat huy
hieu qua cac tiem nang de phat trien ben virng
Cac quy dinh nay dugc Nha nudc cu the hda
bdng he thd'ng cac van ban phap luat, nhu:
Luat bao ve mdi trudng 2005 ciia Viet
Nam, da quy dinh: Dd'i vdi cac khu san xuat,
kinh doanh, dich vu tap trung cdn quy hoach,
bd trf cac khu chirc nang, loai hinh boat ddng
phai gdn vdi bao ve mdi trudng; Thuc hien
ddy dii, diing cac ndi dung ciia bao cao danh
gia tac ddng mdi trudng da dugc phe duyet;
Cd he thdng thu gom va xir ly nudc thai tap
trung, he thd'ng xir ly khi thai dat tieu chuan
mdi trudng va dugc van hanh thudng xuyen;
Dap ling cac yeu cdu ve canh quan mdi
trudng, bao ve sire khoe cdng ddng va ngudi
lao ddng; Cd he thd'ng quan trdc mdi trudng;
Cd bd phan chuyen mdn du nang luc de thuc
hien nhiem vu bao ve mdi trudng Uy ban
nhan dan cap tinh cd trach nhiem phdi hgp
vdi Bd, CO quan ngang bd, co quan thudc
Chfnh phu cd lien quan de chi dao, td chiic
viec thuc hien bao ve mdi trudng dd'i vdi khu
san xudt, kinh doanh, dich vu tap trung tren
dia ban quan ly ciia minh'
Tren ca sd Luat Bao ve mdi trudng, Chfnh
phii va cac Bd, nganh da ban hanh cac Nghi
dinh, Thdng tu hudng ddn thi hanh Luat Bao
ve mdi trudmg trong qua trinh quan ly phat
trien cac khu kinh te, nhu:
- Nghi dinh sd 92/2006/ND-CP ngay
07-09-2006 cua Chfnh phii ve lap, phe duyet va
quan ly quy hoach tdng the phat trien kinh te'
xa hdi Nghi dinh sd 04/2008/ND-CP ngay 11 thang 01 nam 2008 sira ddi, bd sung mdt sd dieu cua Nghi dinh sd 92/2006/ND-CP ngay 07-09-2006 Cac Nghi dinh nay, quy dinh phan ca'p trach nhiem dd'i vdi tumg Bd, ban nganh va dia phuang trong cdng tac thuc hien quy hoach Trong dd, luan chiing muc tieu phat trien (gdm ca muc tieu tdng quat va muc tieu cu the), phai dam bao phat trien hai hda
ca 4 muc tieu: kinh te, xa hdi, mdi trudng va
an ninh qud'c phdng Dd'i vdi muc tieu mdi trudmg: bao dam cac yeu cau ve mdi trudng trong sach va giam miic do d nhidm mdi trudng^ Luan chiing bao ve mdi trudng; xac dinh nhumg khu dang bi d nhidm trdm trgng, nhiing khu vuc nhay cam vd mdi trudng va de xudt giai phap thfch iing de bao ve hoac sir dung cac khu vuc nay
Ngoai ra, theo Nghi dinh 29/2008/ND-CP ngay 14-3-2008 ciia Chfnh phii quy dinh khu cdng nghiep, khu che' xuai va khu kinh te, da quy dinh phan cap quan ly nha nudc dd'i vdi khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te' va khu che' xudt
d cac linh vuc khac nhau Trong dd, ITnh vuc bao ve mdi trudng quy dinh quyen ban, trach nhiem quan ly nha nudc cua Bd Tai nguyen
va Mdi trudng, nhu sau':
1 Ban hanh Quy che' quan ly va bao ve mdi trudng trong khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh
te
2 Hudng ddn viec thu phf bao ve mdi trudng trong khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te
3 Hudng ddn Ban Quan ly thuc hien mdt
sd nhiem vu quan ly nha nudc ve tai nguyen
va mdi trudng trong khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te' theo quy dinh ciia phap luat ve bao ve mdi trudng
1 Luat Bao ve mdi trudng 2005, Chuang V, Diiu 36
2 Nghi dinh sd 92/2006/ND-CP ngay
07-09-2006 ve lap, phe duyet va quan ly quy hoach tdng the phat trien kinh te -xa hdi, Chuang H, Muc 1, Diiu 12
3 Nghi dinh 29/2008/ND-CP ngay 14 thang 03 nam 2008 ciia Chfnh phu quy dinh khu cdng nghiep, khu ehe xuai va khu kinh te Chuang IV, diiu 29
Nqhien ciru Phat trien ben vdnq so 1 (30) - Thanq 3/2011 m
Trang 3Tren co sd trach nhiem ciia minh, Bd Tai
nguyen va Mdi trudng da ban hanh cac quy
che, cac van ban hudng ddn thuc thi hieu qua
quan ly nha nudc ve tai nguyen va mdi trudng
trong khu kinh te' theo quy dinh ciia phap luat
Gdn day nhat, Bd da ban hanh Thdng tu sd
08/2009AT-BIT^MT ngay 08-12-2009, tren
CO sd Luat bao ve mdi trudng ngay
29-11-2005; Nghi dinh sd 29/2008/ND-CP ngay
14-3-2008 cua Chfnh phii; Nghi dinh sd 80/2006/
ND-CP ngay 09-8-2006 ciia Chinh phii; Nghi
dinh sd 21/2008/ND-CP ngay 28-02-2008 cua
Chfnh phii; Nghi dinh sd 25/2008/ND-CP
ngay 04-3-2008 ciia Chfnh phii, quy dinh
quan ly bao ve mdi trudng khu kinh te, khu
cdng nghe cao, khu cdng nghiep va cum cdng
nghiep Thdng tu phan cap trach nhiem cua
cac Bd, nganh lien quan trong cdng tac bao ve
mdi trudng Theo dd, cac Bd, nganh cdn phdi
hgp vdi Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng chi dao,
hudng ddn kidm tra viec thuc hien phap luat
ve bao ve mdi trudng dd'i vdi khu kinh te'
thudc pham vi quan ly cua minh
Trach nhiem ciia iiy ban nhan dan cap tinh
la ban hanh cac quy che phdi hgp giira Ban
quan ly vdi cac ca quan chuyen mdn ciia iiy
ban nhan dan cdc cap trong tinh vd quan ly va
bao ve mdi trudng tai cac khu kinh te' tren dia
ban
Dd'i vdi Sd Tai nguyen va mdi trudng cac
tinh cd trach nhiem phdi hgp vdi Ban quan ly
kiem tra, giam sat thuc hien cac quy dinh bao
ve mdi trudng; giai quyei cac tranh chap,
khie'u nai, td cao ve bao ve mdi trudng trong
pham vi quyen ban dugc giao; giam sat viec
thuc hien cdng khai thdng tin, dir lieu mdi
trudng trong khu kinh te va thdm dinh cac ban
ke khai, thdng bao va td chirc thu phf bao ve
mdi trudng ciia cac doanh nghiep
Dac biet Ban quan ly KKTCK thuc hien
viec quan ly tap trung thd'ng nhai dd'i vdi
KKTCK; la td chiic chiu trach nhiem true tiep
ve bao ve mdi trudng trong khu theo su iiy
quyen ciia co quan nha nudc cd tham quyen;
thuc hien viec xay dung va phat trien KKTCK
theo quy hoach, ke hoach, tie'n do da dugc co
quan Nha nudc cd thdm quyen phe duyet; cd
trach nhiem kidm tra, giam sat, bao cao dinh
ky hang nam theo diing quy dinh ciia phap luat
Nhin chung, he thd'ng cac van ban phap ly trong cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng tai cac khu kinh te' ndi chung va khu kinh te cira khdu ndi rieng da timg budc dugc hoan thien va cu the hda phti hgp vdi cac giai doan phat trien khac nhau ciia dai nudc va vdi tie'n trinh hdi nhap qud'c te
m M O T S O VAN D £ M O I TRUCING
TAI CAC KHU KINH TE CllA
KHAU BIEN GlOl VIET - TRUNG
Va'n de mdi trudng biic xiic nhai tai cac KKTCK hien nay la va'n de d nhidm nudc thai, d nhidm bui va chai thai rdn He thd'ng
CO sd ha tdng khdng theo kip va bai cap so vdi td'c do phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi, da ddn den
su qua tai trong viec dap iing cac yeu cdu xir
ly chai thai
He thd'ng xir ly nudc thai chua dugc chii trgng dau tu Nudc thai trong khu vuc chii ye'u
la tu chay va thdm thau xud'ng dat, gay d nhidm mdi trudng nudc va dai Dac biet la d nhidm mdi trudng nudc tren cac sdng, sudi la ngudn cung cap nudc cho sinh boat va san xuai, ddn de'n chai lugng cap nudc tai khu vuc khdng dam bao, ham lugng cac chai ban cd trong nudc sinh boat tang len Xu the' nhidm bdn tai nguyen nudc se ngay cang tang cting vdi sir phat tridn kinh te' xa hdi d khu vuc bien gidi, ne'u khdng cd cac bien phap can thiep kip thdi se anh hudng tdi sire khde ciia cdng ddng va lam suy thoai da dang sinh hgc
Theo cac kei qua quan trdc tai diem KKTCK Mdng Cai cho thay: mdi trudng chat lugng nudc tai Mdng Cai da cd bidu hien nhidm ban, phd bie'n la nhidm ban bdi ham lugng ddu md, N H / , BOD5, COD, Pb"-, Cu^' dd'i vdi ngudn nudc mat Ngudn nudc ngdm
da cd da'u hieu nhidm ban bdi cac hgp chai hiru CO Ham lugng BOD5 vugt Tieu chuan loai A, dac biet la ham lugng Coliform vugt Tieu chuan cho phep hang chuc ldn Tai KKTCK Ddng Dang, Lang Som hdu hei cac sd lieu quan trdc ddu ndm trong gidi ban cho phep theo tieu chudn TCVN 5942-1995 dd'i
Nqhien cdu Phcit trien ben vdnq so 1 (30) - Thanq 3/2011
Trang 4Tran Thi Tuyet - Van de mdi trifdng tai cac khu kinh te cda khau
vdi ngudn nudc mat loai B Mdt sd chi tieu
phan tfch d mdt sd khu vuc sudi, nudc thai da
cd bieu hien nhidm ban, phd bien la nhidm
bdn bdi ham lugng Nita, chai hiiu co va
Coliform KKTCK Lao Cai da bi d nhidm
chai hiiu ca, cac mdu quan trdc (nam 2008)
ddu vugt gidi ban cho phep dd'i vdi Tieu
chuan loai B tren 2 ldn
Mdt ngudn gay d nhidm tiem tang, cd kha
nang tac ddng manh tdi siic khde ngudi dan la
chai thai rdn Hdu hei, chai thai rdn (CTR) tai
cac KKTCK chua dugc phan loai tai ngudn,
tai ca cac loai CTR deu dugc thu gom chung
theo CTR sinh boat Tuy nhien, nang lue thu
gom tha'p chi dat 40-50% va cdng nghe xir ly
khdng dung ky thuat ve sinh, nhai la dd'i vdi
chat thai y te vdn chua dugc thu gom va xir ly
rieng Chai thai cdng nghiep dugc dd thai
chung vdi CTR sinh boat Hien nay, cac bai
rac dang gay d nhidm nghiem trgng cho cac
khu vuc xung quanh, anh hudng tdi siic khde
ciia cdng ddng, lam d nhidm ngudn nudc va
gay mat canh quan mdi trudng
Ngoai cac ngudn gay d nhidm ndi dia, mdt
ngudn gay d nhidm nghiem trgng khac la ttr
cac nudc lang gidng ben kia bien gidi Dac
biet, tai cac KKTCK phfa bdc giap Trung
Qud'c, dang cd td'c do tang trudng kinh te' cao,
ngudn phat sinh chai thai ldn Chat thai ciia
cac nudc nay hdu hei khdng dugc xir ly, chay
thdng xud'ng cac ddng sdng chay vd phfa nudc
ta, gay d nhidm nang ngudn nudc, mai canh
quan sinh thai va lam suy giam da dang sinh
hgc thiiy sinh Didn hinh nhu KKTCK Mdng
Cai va Ddng Hung chi each nhau cd mdt con
sdng Ka Long, ncri cung ca'p ngudn nudc
chinh cho nha may nudc ciia thanh phd Mdng
Cai, nhung chai lugng nudc khdng dn dinh,
nudc thai sinh boat tir khu dan cu cd chiia
chai can ba, cae chai la lirng (SS), cac chai
hiru CO (BOD5, COD) cac chai dinh dudng va
vi sinh tir phia Trung Qud'c va tir phfa Viet
Nam da thai true tiep ra ddng sdng Chi tinh
rieng tir phfa Ddng Hung, Trung Qud'c, dge
theo tuye'n sdng dai khoang 2 km da quan sat
tha'y hang tram diem nudc thai va rac thai
Mat khac, do quan ly chua chat che va
trinh do phat tridn kinh te' tha'p, chiing ta chua
kiem soat dugc hoan toan tinh trang budn lau, thuc te' da cd su du nhap vao Viet Nam nhidu chat thai nguy hai, cac hda chai gay nguy hai, cac sinh vat la va thuc pham nhidm hda chai nguy hai
Mdt loai d nhidm dang gia tang tai cac KKTCK la d nhidm khdng khf, dac biet la d nhidm bui do he thd'ng co sd ha tang giao thdng qua xud'ng ca'p, khdng thudng xuyen dugc tu sira va do td'c do xay dung dang gia tang da lam cho ham lugng bui tang cao tai cac diem quan trdc
Kei qua quan trdc tai KKTCK Ddng Dang cho tha'y: Ndng do cdc chai khi CO, SO2, NO2 ddu tha'p ban gia tri cho phep tren 8 ldn Bui
la thdng sd cd gia tri do xa'p xi va vugt Tieu chuan cho phep trong khdng khi xung quanh tai KKTCK Ddng Dang va phu can nam
2008 Gia tri trung binh 1 gid ciia ndng do bui
la lirng trung binh d cac diem quan trdc dao ddng tir 0,126 - 0,443 mg/m\ trung binh la 0,285 mg/m\ Ndng do trung binh cao nhat la 0,443 mg/m' tai diem quan trdc A6 (khu vuc
xa Hdng Phong) vugt tieu chudn cho phep 1,48 ldn Ndng do bui trung binh thap nhai la 0,126 mg/m' tai diem A5 (khu vuc nga 3 thi tra'n Cao Ldc) thap ban tieu chuan cho phep 2,4 ldn
Kei qua quan trdc tai KKTCK Lao Cai, cho tha'y: hdu het cac ehi tieu quan trdc ddu nam trong gidi ban cho phep, chi cd ham lugng bui
la vugt tieu chuan cho phep tir 1 den 2 lan dd'i vdi tieu chuan loai A Nhiing didm quan trdc
cd ham lugng bui cao nay thudng ndm d khu vuc dudng giao thdng, noi cd luu lugng xe van tai hang hda ldn va ddng diic
Trong so, cac KKTCK thi ndng do bui tai KKTCK Mdng Cai, Quang Ninh dang cd xu hudng giam, cac tuye'n dudng tai cac khu cira khau va khu cdng nghiep dugc ve sinh sach
se, cac xe container van chuyen vdi td'c do tha'p va rac thudng xuyen dugc thu gom nen han che' phat sinh bui va khi ddc Do thanh phd Mdng Cai da td chiic tuyen truyen van ddng toan dan thuc hien tdt cac bien phap bao
ve mdi trudng kei hgp vdi cac bien phap giao due va xir phat hanh chfnh
Nqhien ciru Phat trien ben vifnq so 1 (30) - Thanq 3/2011 m
Trang 5Tdm lai, qua trinh dd thi boa va xay dung d
cac KKTCK phdn ldn la mdt qua trinh tu
phat; chi mdt phdn nhd dugc phat tridn theo
quy hoach trong nhiing nam gan day Co sd
ha tang ky thuat mdi trudng dd thi (dudng xa,
he thd'ng ca'p thoat nudc, he thd'ng ky thiiat
quan ly chai thai rdn, nha ve sinh cdng cdng,
cay xanh, nghia dia, ) vira thie'u lai vua ye'u,
phat trien manh miin, chdp va, khdng ddng bd
va khdng theo kip qua trinh dd thi hda, do dd
tinh hinh mdi trudng tai cac khu dd thi va khu
dan cu tap trung cd the ndi la hei siic ye'u
kem, nhidu khu vuc bi d nhidm nghiem trgng
IV CAC GLii PHAP BAO Vfi MOI
TRUING KHU KINH TE CUA KHAU
BifiN Gidl VIET - TRUNG
Trong ke' hoach phat trien kinh te' xa hdi
ciia qud'c gia ndi chung va cac tinh, thanh cd
KKTCK ndi rieng, cac KKTCK se la cac
trung tam thuong mai, dich vu, du lich, cdng
nghiep ciia viing trung du va mien mii phfa
Bdc, la ddu md'i giao thucmg lien vung, qud'c
te' va giao thdng quan trgng ciia hanh lang
kinh te' Lang San Ha Ndi Hai Phdng
-Quang Ninh va vanh dai kinh te' Bdc Bd, cd vi
trf quan trgng vd an ninh qud'c phdng ciia
qud'c gia Vi vay, can thiei phai xay dung cac
bien phap quan ly bao ve mdi trudng va sir
dung hgp ly cac ngudn tai nguyen tai cac khu
kinh te' cira khau Trong giai doan hien nay,
cac KKTCK cdn chii trgng xem xet va gidi
quyei mdt sd va'n dd uu tien sau:
4.1 Tdng cudng cdng tdc tuyen truyen
Tang cudng cdng tac truydn thdng giao
due, nang cao nhan thirc va trach nhiem vd
quan ly tai nguyen va bao ve mdi trudng dd'i
vdi chfnh quydn cac cap, cac nganh, cho mgi
td chiic ca nhan Ldng ghep cac yeu cau bao
ve mdi trudng vao cac boat ddng cua cac ban,
nganh ngay ttr khau quy hoach, lap ke' hoach
va dd ra cac giai phap thuc hien Phd bien cac
van ban quy pham phap luat ve bao ve mdi
trudng tren cac phucmg tien thdng tin dai
chiing
Ky kei chuang trinh phdi hgp hanh ddng
bao ve mdi trudng vdi cac td chiic doan thd
tren dia ban cac huyen, thanh phd va van
ddng nhan dan tham gia xay dung va thuc hien cac quy udc, cam kei ve tu quan ve sinh mdi trudng va bao ve mdi trudng, bao ve cac cdng trinh ve sinh mdi trudng Xay dung va nhan rdng cac dien hinh dan cu tu quan lam
ve sinh mdi trudng, day manh xa hdi hda cdng tac mdi trudmg
Lua chgn cdng nghe sach thdng qua viec quy dinh cac doanh nghiep dang ki kinh doanh phai tuan thii cac quy dinh vd nhap khau cdng nghe, thiei bi theo cac tieu chuan
va he sd tieu hao nang lugng, he sd thai, cung la cac giai phap dang quan tam Mud'n thuc hien dugc didu dd, phai cd su hd trg va hudng ddn ttr cac ca quan quan li cac cdp thdng qua viec xay dung chfnh sach ve tai chfnh, khuyen khfch midm giam hoac cho vay vd'n uu dai vdi viec nhap thiei bi va cdng nghe
xu ly chai thai, dac biet uu tieu cho cac KKTCK
4.2 Ndng cao ndng life qudn ly nhd nudc
vi bdo ve mdi trudng
- Ndng cao trinh do ngudn nhdn life: tang
cudng cdng tac dao tao nang cao trinh do chuyen mdn, nghiep vu vd quan ly mdi trudng cho ddi ngu can bd lam cdng tac quan ly mdi trudng, nhai la dd'i vdi ddi ngii can bd ngudi dan tdc lam cdng tac quan ly tai cac viing sau viing xa, viing bien gidi
- Tdng cudng cdng tdc thanh tra, kiem tra,
gidm sdt: quy dinh va dp dung cac che' tai can
thiei de xir ly nghiem cac vi pham phap luat
vd bao ve mdi trudng Xay dung, ban hanh quy dinh giai quyei bdi thudng thiet hai vd mdi trudng Hoan thien co che' tu giam sat, quan trdc, bao cao dinh ky chdt lugng mdi trudng cua cac ca sd san xuat va dich vu
- Ndng cao ndng life, tdng cudng ca sd vdt
chd't ky thugt trong cac boat ddng giam sat
chai lugng mdi trudng Tang cudng he thd'ng quan trdc chat lugng mdi trudng khdng khf, nudc mat, nudc ngdm; cac phuang tien phan tfch mdi trudng phue vu yeu cau nghien ciiu,
du bao va ra quyei dinh
- Nghien cdu dp dung cdc cdng cu qudn ly
nen bd, dua tin hgc vao cdng tac quan ly mdi
trudmg Tirng budc thiei lap ca sd du lieu vd
Nqhien cdu Phat trien ben vifnq so 1 (30) - Thanq 3/2011
Trang 6Tran Thi Tuyet - Van de mdi trifdng tai cac khu kinh te cda khau
mdi trudng cac KKTCK Timg budc cung cSip
thdng tin rdng rai vd chat lugng mdi trudng
den cdng ddng
- Kiem sodt chat che chd't luang hdng hda
luu thdng tren dia ban, dac biet la cac hang
hda ndm trong danh muc ca'm cua qud'c gia,
trong dd cd cac loai ddng vat quy hiem, cac
loai thien dich cua sau benh, cac loai thud'c
trtr sau, hda chai,
- Phdng ngiia vd khac phue sif cd mdi
trudng: Xay dung cac quy dinh, quy che' ve
bao ve tai nguyen thien nhien va ve sinh mdi
trudng khu kinh te' cita khdu Dac biet la cac
khu vuc trung tam, cang Van Gia va khu vuc
Tra cd Nhiing viing nay rai nhay cam ve
mdi trudng hoac cd gia tri kinh te' xa hdi dac
biet quan trgng nhu cac bai trieu ven bien,
rimg ngap man, cac hd chiia nudc, sdng bien
gidi xay dung cac cdng trinh va cac giai
phap bao ve tai nguyen nude sdng Ka Long,
sdng Thin Coong, nudc cac hd Trang Vinh,
hd Qudt Ddng, Doan TTnh va viing nudc bien
ven bd Tra Cd, Miii Nggc
- Thie't ke' quy hogch khu xd ly chd't thdi
hgp ve sinh cho cac KKTCK Cdn nhanh
chdng xay dung va hoan thien mang ludi
thoat nudc va xir ly nudc thai cua cac khu
kinh te cira khau nay Xay dung tram xii ly
nudc thai sinh boat cho cac khu vuc trung tam
thuang mai va dich vu Nghien ciiu thiet ke'
quy hoach, xay dung lai khu xir ly rac thai d
xa Hai Hda Dac biet la bien phap xii ly nudc
thai bai rac da gay d nhidm tdi mdi trudmg
xung quanh
4.3 Hop tdc mdi trudng trong viing
- Phdi hgp chat che vdi cac tinh, thanh bien
gidi ciia Trung Qud'c giai quyet va'n de d
nhidm ngudn nudc, d nhidm khdng khf, chat
thai rdn, chat thai nguy hai va ddng vat hoang
da dugc xudt nhap canh qua cac ciia khau
- Hinh thanh va boat ddng td chiic quan ly
viec budn ban va giao thdng tren sdng, tren
bien cd the gay d nhidm nudc sdng, nudc bidn
do nguy ca tran dau va ddm tau thuyen Cac tinh bien gidi can phdi hgp xay dung he thd'ng canh bao sdm su cd tran ddu va ddi ngu can
bd lam cdng tac mdi trudng cd nang luc xii ly ngay vu viec khi dugc canh bao
- Thanh lap mdt iiy ban lien tinh trong viec quan ly khai tbac cac ngudn lgi thiiy hai san, tranh tinh trang khai thae buy diet nhu dting min, chai nd, chat gay me de danh bat ca dge sdng bien gidi Bdc Luan va viing bien Tra Co
- Can xay dung ca che' chia se thdng tin kip thdi vd hang trung chuyen cd nguy ca gay d nhidm mdi trudng thdng qua cac thdng bao hang tudn, hang thang giiia hai ben Viet Nam
va Trung Qud'c
Tai ca cac giai phap bao ve mdi trudng tren cdn dugc thuc hien ddng bd va nghiem tiic tir
ca hai phfa Viet Nam va Trung Qud'c, nhdt la cac tinh viing bien Nham giai quyei hai hda md'i quan he vira tang trudng kinh te' nhanh, giir dugc an ninh, chii quydn bien gidi, vira dam bao hda binh hgp tac de phat trien dn dinh, lau dai Dac biet, la va'n dd d nhidm mdi trudng vung bien dang ngay cang bd'c xiic./
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Sd Tai nguydn va mdi trudng tinh Lang Scm,
2007, 2008: "Bao cao hien trang mdi trudng tinh Lang Son nam 2006,2008"
2 Sd Tai nguyen va mdi trudng tinh Quang Ninh, 2007: "Bao cao hiSn trang mdi trudng tinh Quang Ninh nam 2006"
3 Sd Tai nguyfen va mdi trudng tinh Lao Cai, 2008: "Bao cao hien trang mdi trudng tinh Lao Cai nam 2008"
4 TS Pham Van Lmh: "Cac khu kinh t l cita khau bien gidi Viet - Trung va tac ddng ciia nd tdi
su phat triln kinh te hang hda d Viet Nam"; Nxb Oiinh tri qudc gia, Ha Ndi 2001
Nahien ciru Phat trien ben vdnq so 1 (30) - Th^nq 3/2011 m