Viec tiin hanh phan tfch he thdng co sd ha ting do thi tap trung d 06 tieu chi vdi 17 chi tieu cu thi: giao thdng dd thi (dau mdi giao thong, ti Ie d i t giao thong so vdi dat xay dun[r]
Trang 1THUC TRANG DO THI HOA 6 THANH PHO HAI PHONG
GIAI DOAN 1985 - 2007
Vu Thi Chuyen
Trudng THPT Trdn Phu, - Hdi Phdng
1 M d d a u
Bai bao de cap din thuc trang do thi hda d thanh phd Hai Phdng giai doan 1985- 2007 Npi dung nghien cQu dupc phan tfch dudi goc dO dia ly vdi mpt he thdng tieu ehi thuOc cae linh vuc: chQc ndng do thi; kinh t i - xa hpi dd thi, co sd ha ting
do thi, kien triic canh quan va ciu true khOng gian dd thi di rut ra nhan dinh chung
vi thuc trang, mdt tich cue va ban chi cua qua trinh do thi hda (DTH) d thanh phd Hai Phdng d giai doan 1985 - 2007
2 N o i d u n g nghien ciJu
2.1 ChiJc nang ciia do thi
Viec phan tich DTH vi chQc nang do thi dupe tap trung d 2 chi tieu la tfnh chit va pham vi anh hudng eua do thi TQ nam 2003, Hai Phdng dQpc cOng nhan la
dd thi loai I - trung tam cip qudc gia Theo dd, dd thi Hai Phdng "la mpt cue quan trpng ciia vung kinh t i trpng diim phia Bac; la thanh phd cang, cQa ngd chinh ra biin cua cac tinh phia Bdc; la diu mdi giao thong quan trpng; la trung tam cong nghiep, thuong mai, du lich va dich vu ciia ca nude va vung Duyen hai Bdc Bp; cd
vi tri quan trpng ca ve qudc phdng, an ninh" [1] Kit qua danh gia bdng phuong phap tinh diim cho thiy, mQc dp DTH vi chQc ndng cua do thi cua Hai Phdng luon
d mQc cao, dat tieu chuin cua do thi loai I Trong dd, cdc quan nOi thanh dat tieu chuin cua dd thi loai I, cac thi tran chi dat tieu chuin dO thi loai IV va loai V Giai doan 1985 - 2007, tdc dO DTH vi chQc nang dd thi hiu nhu khdng tdng, ngoai trQ nam 2003 do thanh phd dQpc cOng nhan la do thi loai I, trung tam cip qudc gia
2.2 Kinh te - x a hoi ciia do thi
Danh gia vi kinh te - xa hOi do thi cd 3 tieu chf: dan sd - lao dpng do thi gdm
5 chi tieu (qui md dan sd do thi, mat dp dan cu do thi, ti le dan sd do thi, ti le lao dpng phi ndng nghiep va ti le thit nghiep); dit dd thi gdm 3 ehi tieu (tdc dp md rpng dien tfch dat do thi, ti le dit do thi va ti le d i t phi ndng nghiep d do thi) va
Trang 2kinh te do thi gdm 3 chi tieu (tdc do tang trudng kinh te do thi, ti trpng kinh te phi nong nghiep d do thi va ti trpng ddng gdp GDP eua khu vQc kinh t i do thi trong toan nin kinh te chung cua thanh phd)
2.2.1 Dan so - lao dong do thi
* Ddn sd dd thi
- Qui mo dan sd do thi Hai Phdng thuOc loai Idn d nude ta, tfnh din nam 2007
la 825.316 ngudi, chiim 3,17% sd dan dO thi ca nudc, dQng thQ ba trong ea nudc
va thQ 2 d vung ddng bdng song Hdng [8] Qui mo dan sd cua toan do thi dat tieu chuin eua do thi loai I nhung chua dat mQc qui hoach cua thanh phd, eac thi trin dat tieu ehuin cua do thi loai V
- Qui md dan sd do thi Hai Phdng tang lien tuc Trong co cau sd dan do thi tang d thai ki 1985 - 2007, viec thanh lap quan va phudng mdi ddng gdp 51,32%; gia tang tQ nhien 30,97% va qua trinh chuyin cu 17,71% [2], [3] Trudc thdi ki Ddi mdi, dOng lue tang dan sd chu yiu do ti suit sinh cao va do nhap eU TQ nam 1986
- 2007, viec thanh lap quan va phudng mdi la dOng lue chfnh cua gia tang dan sd
do thi
Bdng 1 Qui md vd ti le ddn sd dd thi Hdi Phdng
thdi kl 1955 - 2007
Ndm
1955
1965
1975
1985
1990
Sd dan dd thi
(ngudi) 153.550 236.123 351.135 386.937 446.570
Ti le dan sd
do thi (%) 23,35 25,26 26,71 27,91 30,90
Nam
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Sd dan dd thi (ngudi) 526.436 574.674 725.111 732.327 825.316
Ti le dan sd
dd thi (%) 32,95 34,13 40,29 40,39 45,04
Ngudn: [2], [3]
Bdng 2 Mat dp ddn sd trung binh d Hdi Phdng
giai doan 1985 - 2007
Dan vi: ngudi/km^
Cac khu vuc
Toan thanh phd
- Do thi
- Nong thon
- Do thi trung tam
- Cae do thi ve tinh, thi t r i n
1985
863 13.970
612 17.528 6.367
1990
1034 5.018
739 14.416 1.244
2000
1181 4.347
804 8.340 1.696
2007 1.287 2.770
854 2.882 1.980
Nguon: [2], [3]
Ti le dan sd do thi Hai Phdng nam 2007 la 45,04%, dQng thQ 4 ca nudc, thQ
Trang 32 d ddng bang song Hdng, dat tieu ehuin cua dO thi loai V; ti le dan sd ngoai thanh
rit thip, la 7,27%
- Phan bd dan cu dO thi: Mat dO dan sd dd thi Hii Phdng vao loai thip, dat tieu ehuin cua dd thi loai V Mat dp dan sd do thi giam nhanh va phan bd rit khong ddng diu, cang xa trung tam mat dO dan sd cang thip, giim d cac quan cu va tang
d cac quan mdi thanh lap Ndm 2007, vung do thi trung tam cd 18 phudng cd mat
do dan sd khong dat tieu chuin cua dO thi va chiem tdi 66,79% dien tich cua do thi trung tam
-Lao dpng dd thj
H- Ti lg lao dOng phi ndng nghigp (NN) d de thi Hii Phdng vdd Idai eac Ndm
2007, ti le lao dOng phi NN d dd thi Hii Phdng la 90,3%, thip hon d khu vue dd thi eua ca nude (95,72%) va ddng bang sdng Hdng (95,38%) va thay ddi theo tQng giai doan chu yiu do sQ thay ddi cua ti le lao dOng cOng nghiep d dd thi
-I- Ti le t h i t nghiep d dO thi Hai Phdng vao loai cao, nam 2007 la 5,03%, dQng thQ ba ea nQdc, tQ nam 1995 din nay giam dan
* Ddt dd thi
Qui mo dien tich dit do thi: nam 2007 la 297,9 km^, tang 10,53 lin so vdi nam
1985, trong dd dien tich dd thi trung tam chiim 83,85% (tdng 15,72% so vdi nam 1985) vd dien tieh eae thi trin 16,05% Tdc dp md rpng dien tich do thi nhanh hon mQc qui hoach
Ti le dien tich dat dd thi cua Hii Phdng tang lign tuc: Tdc dO tang giai doan
1985 - 1990 trung binh 0,75%/ndm, giai doan 1990 - 2000 la 0,2%/nam va giai doan
2000 - 2007 la 1,63%/nam Ti le dit dO thi d cac huyen ngoai thanh rit thip va tang cham
Theo muc dich sQ dung, ti le dien tieh dit phi NN ndm 2007 dat 61,37% TQ nam 2000 din nay, tdc dO tang ti le dien tieh dit phi NN nhanh hon mQc qui hoach cua thanh phd
Theo qui hoach, tdc dO tang dien tieh dit xay dung dd thi cham hon tdc dO tdng dien tich dit do thi Chiim ti le Idn nhit va ed tdc dO tdng nhanh nhit la dien tfch dit d va dien tich dit cOng nghiep, kho tang Cac loai dit xay dung khac chi chiim ti trpng rit thip
Chi tieu sQ dung dit dan dung mit can ddi so vdi nhu cau thQe ti, chQa gan liin vdi qui hoach, chi tieu sQ dung dit d va dit cOng nghiep qua cao,.eac loai dit dan dung khac cdn rit thip va khOng dat qua 50% so vdi qui chudn xay dung dO thi loai I
* Kinh ti dd thi
Ti trpng ddng gdp GDP cua khu vuc do thi trong nin kinh t i chung cua thanh phd tang: nam 2007 la 82,78%, tang 20,92% so vdi nam 1990
Tdc dp tang trudng kinh t i do thi luon cao hon 10%/nam, nhung chit lupng
Trang 4tdng trudng thip va chua dn dinh Xu hudng chuyin dich co cau kinh t i dd thi Hai Phdng la tang ti trpng kinh te phi NN va giam ti trpng kinh te NN, tdc dp chuyin dich giai doan 1985 - 2007 la ± 8,9% Cac quan cu dang hudng tdi co ciu nin kinh
te phat triin, cac quan mdi cd xu hudng va tdc do chuyin dich chua dn dinh
00% n
80%
60%
40%-20%
no/
^':" • ' 38.14
61.86
^
33.47
66.53
^ • :
24.5
75.5
22.51
77.49
17.22
82.78,
D Th^nh thi
2005
D N6ng th6n
Hinh 1 Cd cdu GDP phdn theo thdnh thi - ndng thdn Hdi Phdng
giai doan 1990 - 2007
Xet mdi tuong quan giQa cac qua trinh KT - XH tren day, chung toi nhan thiy tdc do chuyin dich co ciu lao dpng va cd ciu kinh t i cham hon nhiiu so vdi tdc dp tdng ti le dien tfch dit dd thi Cac chi tieu KT - XH d cac quan cQ cd tdc dO tdng cham nhit, cac quan mdi cd tdc tang nhanh nhat
Kit qua danh gia bdng phuong phap tinh diim cho thiy mQc dp DTH vi linh vuc KT - XH d do thi Hai Phdng d mQc cao, dat tieu chuin cua do thi loai I Cd 05/11 chi tieu dupc xet cd mQc dp DTH dat tieu chuin do thi loai I trd len Cac quan cu va Kiin An, Hai An dat mQc dp DTH cao; cac quan va thi trin khac dat mQc trung binh hoac thip
Tdc dp DTH cua do thi Hai Phdng vi linh vUc KT - XH tang, nhung mQc tang cham (0,84%/nam); giai doan 2000 - 2007 cd tdc dp DTH nhanh nhit (1,84%/nam), nhung chi dat mQc trung binh Tdc dO DTH rit khac nhau giQa cac giai doan, giQa cac tieu chf va giQa cac chi tieu trong cung mpt tieu chf
2.3 H e thong cd s6 ha t§ng do thi
Viec tiin hanh phan tfch he thdng co sd ha ting do thi tap trung d 06 tieu chi vdi 17 chi tieu cu thi: giao thdng dd thi (dau mdi giao thong, ti Ie d i t giao thong
so vdi dat xay dung do thi, mat dp dudng chinh); cip thoat nudc do thi (ti le«ho duoc cip nudc sach, tieu chuin cip nudc sinh hoat, mat do dudng cdng thoat nudc chinh); cung cip dien va chiiu sang do thi (cung cip dien sinh hoat, ti le dudng phd chinh dupc chiiu sang); thdng tin, buu chfnh viin thong (sd may dien thoai); moi trudng dd thi (ti le thu gom va xQ ly chit thai r^n, ti le xii ly nudc thai, dien tich
d i t cay xanh cong cong); nha d va cac cong trinh cong cong (ti le nha d kien cd, dien tich dit d trong khu dan dung binh quan diu ngudi, so co sd giao due - dao tao, sd trung tam vdn hda, sd trung tam thuong mai dich vu)
Trang 52 3 1 H e t h o n g cd sd ha tang ky thuat
Nam 2007, tdng chiiu dai dudng dO thi eua Hai Phdng la 268,43 km, chiim 8% trong tdng sd 3381,33 km dudng bp cua thanh phd va tang 1,5 lin so vdi nam
1985 Mat dp dudng giao thong chfnh r i t t h i p , khOng dat qui chuin cua dO thi He thdng giao thOng tinh qua hep Tuyin xe 0 td buyt cd mat dO t h i p He thdng cing biin ngay cang dupc hien dai hoa va md rOng Hai Phdng ed 3 tuyin qudc 10 di qua,
d i n d i u c i nudc vi td chQc cac tuyin xe van tai khach chit lupng cao He thdng dudng sat cd c h i t iQOng kha tdt Hai Phdng ed 2 san bay, trang bi ky thuat con ban chi [9], [10]
Hai Phdng cd sd lupng va chit luong c i p nQdc sinh boat vao loai tdt n h i t nQdc
ta NhQng chQa cd he thdng thoat nQdc mQa va nQdc thai rieng, mat dO dQdng thoat nQdc chua dat qui chuin dO thi Chi tigu dien sinh boat binh quan d i u ngUdi t h i p ,
h i u h i t cac quan dat tieu chudn eua dO thi loai V Chiiu sang dudng phd chinh dat 100%, ti le ngd phd dupc chiiu sang dat 40% H i i Phdng dQng thQ 3 nganh bQu dien cua todn qudc vi mpi boat dOng Dien tfch cay xanh toan dO thi khong dat qui chuin Ti le xQ ly nudc thai chua dat chuan
Sd lupng cac cong trinh dich vu thuong mai, du lich va giai trf tang va ed nhiiu thay ddi vi md hinh, eO chi vd hieu qua boat dOng theo hudng ngdy cang hien dai hda Tuy nhien su phat triin nay chua tuong xQng vdi tiim nang va t h i manh cua thanh phd
Cac edng trinh ha t i n g ky thuat khde ngay cang phat triin
2.3.2 H e t h d n g cd sd ha tang x a hoi
Quy nha d do thi cua Hai Phdng tang trudng kha Ti le nha d kign cd tang Tuy nhien kiin true cdn mang tinh chit tQ phat, lOn xpn Sd iQOng trQdng, Idp hpc; cdc CP sd kham chua benh, giudng benh; eac edng trinh vdn hod, nghe thuat diu tang, nhung chit lupng ban chi [2]
Danh gia bdng phupng phap tinh diim eho thiy, mQc dO DTH vi cP sd ha
t i n g d H i i Phdng kha cao vd dat tigu chuin do thi loai II; tieu chi giao thOng va mOi trudng dd thi mdi dat tieu chuin cua dd thi loai V Cd 10/17 chi tigu dupe xet
chua dat tieu chudn cua do thi loai I Cae quan cu va quan Hai An cd mQe dO DTH
cao bdn cac quan cdn lai va cac thi t r i n
Giai doan 1985 - 2007, tdc dp DTH ve co sd ha t i n g cua do thi Hii Phdng dat mQc trung binh (tang 1,11%/ndm) Hiu bet cac chi tieu cd tdc dO DTH nhanh ndm trong nOi dung eac chuong trinh, du an phat triin do thi cd vdn d i u tu Idn cua thanh phd va Chinh phu Cac tieu chf giao thdng va ve sinh mOi trudng do thi
cd mQc do DTH t h i p , tdc dO DTH cham DTH ngay cang m i t can ddi, thieu b i n
vQng
Trang 62.4 Kign triic canh quan va quan ly do thi
Viec tien hanh phan tfch, danh gia kiin true canh quan va quan ly do thi tap trung chii yiu d 02 tieu chf vdi 05 chi tieu cu thi: kien true, canh quan do thi (khu
do thi mdi kiiu miu, sd khong gian cong cong cua do thi); quan ly do thi (mQe dO qui hoach do thi, qui che quan ly qui hoach kien true dO thi, ti le cip phep xay dung nha d)
Kiin true canh quan do thi rit da dang, cang xa trung tam cang thoang, mat
do xay dung thua din, cac cong trinh tao diim ihan chu dao ciia do thi thudng ndm d vung trung tam Tinh den nam 2007, qui hoach tdng thi cip thanh phd thuc hien dupc 15,7% dien tich dit tU nhien cua thanh phd Quan ly dO thi cdn rit nhiiu ban chi [9], [10]
SQ dung phuong phap tinh diim cho thiy, mQc dp DTH vi kiin true, canh quan va cjuin ly do thi cua Hai Phong d mQc kha cao, dat tieu chuin cua do thi loai
II Cd sQ khac biet giQa eac quan va cac thi trin, tuy nhien khoang each khong Idn
Giai doan 1985 - 2007, toe dO DTH vi linh vue kiin true, canh quan va quan
ly do thi d Hai Phong d mQe trung binh (tang 2,12%/nam), cao hon cua cac nhdm tieu ehi khde, nhung thiiu dn dinh va phu thupc nhieu vao cac quyet dinh hanh chfnh vi qui hoach, quan ly do thi
* Danh gia chung mQe dO va tdc dO dO thi hda cua toan do thi Hai Phdng
Bdng 3 Ddnh gid chung mUc dp dd thi hoa d Hdi Phdng
giai doan 1985 - 2007
Cac nhdm tieu chi
Toan dd thi
ChQc ndng dd thi
K T - XH dd thi
Cd sd ha tang dd thi
Kiin true, canh quan
va quan ly dd thi
1985 Trung binh Cao Kha cao
T h a p
T h i p
1990
T u n g binh Cao Kha cao
T h i p Thdp
1995 Trung binh Cao
K h a cao
T h a p
K h a cao
2000
K h a cao Cao
K h a cao
T h d p
K h a cao
2007 Kha cao Cao Cao Trung binh
K h a cao
Kit qua danh gia mQc dO DTH ciia thanh phd dQpc tdng hpp tQ kit qua danh gia mQc dp DTH cua 04 nhdm tieu chf: chQc nang do thi; KT - XH do thi; cP sd ha ting do thi; kiin true canh quan va quan ly do thi
Tinh din nam 2007, mQc dO DTH vi co sd ha tang d Hai Phdng kha cao, dat
tieu chuin cua do thi loai II, thip nhit la nhdm tieu ehi co sd ha ting do thi chi dat tieu ehuin do thi loai III
Giai doan 1985 - 2007, tdc dO DTH cua do thi Hii Phdng la 1,15%/nam, cao hon tdc dp tang ti le dien tich do thi (0,78%/nam) va ti le dan sd do thi (0,68%/nam)
Cd thi phan chia qua trinh DTH thanh 03 giai doan: giai doan 1985 - 1990, tdc dp DTH giam trong khi ti le dien tfch va dan sd do thi tang; giai doan 1990 - 2000, tdc
Trang 7dp DTH tang d mQc trung binh, cao hon tdc dO tang ti le dien tfch va dan sd dO thi; giai doan 2000 - 2007, tdc dO DTH tang cham hPn ti le dien tich va dan sd do thi
Bdng 4- Ddnh gid tdc dp dd thi hoa d Hdi Phdng
giai doan 1985 - 2007
Cac nhdm tieu chi
Todn dd thi
ChQc nang dd thi
Kinh t i - xa hdi dd thi
He thdng cd sd ha t i n g
Kiin true, canh quan
va quan ly dd thi
1985 - 1990 Giam Khdng tang Khdng tang Giam Cham
1990 - 1995 Trung binh Khdng tang Khdng tang Trung binii
R i t nhanh
1995 - 2000 Trung binh Khdng tang Trung binh Trung binh Cham
2000 - 2007 Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Cham
1985 - 2007 Trung binh Cham Cham Trung binh Nhanh
2.5 C a u triic k h o n g gian do thi Hai P h o n g
- He thdng do thi Hai Phong: Tinh den nam 2007, he thdng dO thi Hai Phdng gdm 07 quan trung tam, 10 thi trin He thdng dO thi nay eo mdi quan he chat che vdi vung nOng thon cua thanh phd va eac vung lan can Ciu true khong gian do thi trung tam cd hinh mOt bong hoa 4 cdnh Md hinh md rOng khdng gian he thdng dd thi da dang, chu yiu hudng ra bign
- Ciu true khdng gian dd thi phan theo mQc dO do thi hda: Dd thi Hai Phdng
cd sQ phan hda kha ro vi mQc dO DTH Cang xa trung tam thanh phd mQc dO DTH cang thip Tren co sd su phan hda chu yiu vi mQc dO DTH, cd thi phdn chia lanh thd dd thi Hai Phong thanh 03 khu vQc:
+ Khu vue ed mQe dO DTH kha cao, chiim 11,35% dien tich va 35,33% dan
sd thanh phd
+ Khu vuc ed mQc dO DTH trung binh, chiim 27,48% dien tich va 30,42% dan sd thanh phd
+ Khu vuc cd mQc dO DTH thip, chiim 61,16% dien tich va 34,25% dan sd thanh phd
- Td chQc khong gian do thi phan theo chQe nang: Toan bO boat dOng eua do thi dang tQng bQdc dQpc td chQe theo cae khu ehQe nang: khu dan cQ do thi; khu cOng nghiep, kho tang va cing bien; he thdng cac trung tam va cae vanh dai cay xanh [9], [10]
2.6 Nhu'ng m a t t i c h cLfc va h a n chg c u a q u a t r i n h d o t h i h o a d
H a i P h o n g
2.6.1 Mat tich c\ic
- DTH la mpt qua trinh tiin bp, ngay cang nang cao vai trd chu dao eua khu
vuc do thi trong qua trinh phat triin cua thanh phd Nhiiu chi tieu cd mQc dO DTH rit cao va trd thanh thi manh cua qua trinh DTH
Trang 8- DTH thuc diy qua trinh chuyin dich co ciu lao dpng, eO ciu sQ dung dit
va CO ciu kinh t i cua toan thanh phd theo hudng tich cue, hoan thien din he thdng
CO sd ha ting va phat triin kiin true canh quan do thi theo hudng hien dai, tQ dd nang cao chit lupng cupc sdng va ldi sdng van minh do thi
- He thdng do thi ngay cang md rpng va cd mdi quan he chat che ban vdi he thdng do thi trong vung, eung nhu vdi mpt sd do thi Idn trong khu vuc Qua trinh DTH d Hai Phdng tQng budc gop phin thue hien chiin lupc phat triin he thdng do thi cua ca nude
2.6.2 Mat han che
- DTH chua can xQng vdi tiim nang phat triin cua thanh phd va yeu ciu cua mOt do thi loai I - trung tam cip qudc gia, edn nhiiu biiu hien mit can ddi so vdi qui hoach phat triin ehung cQa thanh phd
- DTH diin ra khong ddng deu giQa cac linh vUe va giQa cac dia phuong Nhiiu ehi tieu cdn vay mupn Dan sd do thi va dit do thi tang dot bien vao nhung nam
ed quyit dinh hanh chinh thanh lap eae quan mdi, viec chuyin ddi dit ndng nghiep thanh dit do thi chua gan liin vdi qui hoach sQ dung lao dOng
- Hg thdng CO sd ha ting dO thi cdn nhiiu yiu kem, nhit la cae ehi tieu ve giao thdng va mdi trUdng dd thi Kiin true dd thi cdn chdp va, ehua cd qui hoach chi tiit eho tQng vung dO thi Chua tao nen net dpc dao, diim nhin rieng biet vi kiin true canh quan do thi trong he thdng do thi ven biin cua nude ta, trong khu VQC va tren the gidi
- Viec md rOng dO thi chu yiu vin la biin nong thon thanh do thi mpt each chu quan din den DTH thiiu bin vQng DTH d cac huyen ngoai thanh phan Idn mang tinh tQ phat, vai trd cac thi trin con rit thip Mdi lien he giQa thanh thi va nong thOn chenh lech kha Idn
3 Ket luan
Hai Phdng ndm d phfa Dong cua miin Duyen hai Bde bp va thupc vung kinh
t i trpng diim phia Bde, cd lich sQ phat triin ban 100 nam TQ nam 2003, Hai Phong dupc cong nhan la dd thi loai I - trung tam cip qudc gia Nam 2007, dien tieh dit
do thi la 19,61%, ti le dan sd dO thi la 45,04%, khu vUe do thi chiem 82,78% GDP cua toan thanh phd
Qua trinh DTH d Hai Phdng ngay cang da dang, da chiiu MQc dp DTH ngay cang tang va rit khac nhau giQa cac linh vQc Toe dp DTH ngay cang tang nhanh, thdi ki 1985 - 2007 dat mQc trung binh va chia thanh 3 giai doan, mdi giai doan cd mQe do DTH, tdc dO DTH, xu hudng bien ddi va eac dac diim rieng biet khae nhau DTH cd SQ phan hoa theo lanh thd, ed thi chia lanh thd do thi Hai Phdng thanh 03 khu vuc: khu vQc cd mQc dp DTH kha cao, khu vuc cd mQc do DTH trung binh va khu vue cd mQc dp DTH thip Ciu true va td chQc khong gian do thi cd nhieu thay
Trang 9ddi, giai doan 1985 - 2007 thanh lap them 04 quan va 09 dd thi ve tinh, thi trin va xuit hien mOt sd mo binh dO thi tien tiin DTH cd nhiiu mat tich cue, la dOng IQC thue diy thanh phd phat triin theo hudng van minh va hien dai, nhung DTH eung dang dQng trudc nhiiu thach thQe va ban chi
Kit qua nghien cQu giup cac chuygn gia dd thi cd them co sd thuc tiin khi dua ra nhQng dinh hudng va giai phap thQc hien DTH d Hai Phdng ndi rigng va phdt triin he thdng dd thi Viet Nam ndi chung theo hudng phat triin bin vQng
TAI LIEU T H A M KHAO
[1] Ban tuyen giao thanh phd Hai Phdng, 2004 Tai lieu tuyen truyin Nghi quyet 32-NQ/TW eua Bp Chinh tri (khod IX) vi "xay dQng va phat triin thanh phd Hai Phdng trong thdi ki eOng nghiep hod va hien dai hoa dit nQdc" Hai Phdng
[2] Cue Thdng ke thanh phd Hii Phdng Nien gidm thong ke thdnh pho Hdi Phdng cdc ndm 1996 - 2008 Nxb Thdng ke Ha NOi
[3] Cue Thdng ke thanh phd Hai Phdng Nien gidm thong ke cdc qudn, huyen, thi xd cua Hdi Phdng cdc ndm 2001, 2006, 2008 Hai Phdng
[4] Cue Thdng ke thanh phd Hai Phdng, 2007 Ddnh gid thuc trang mUc song ddn cu thdnh pho Hdi Phdng Nxb Thdng ke, Hii Phdng
[5] Hoi ddng lich sQ thanh phd Hai phong, TrQdng Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hOi va
Nhan van, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha NOi, 1998 Tii dien bdch khoa dia danh Hdi Phdng
Nxb Hai Phdng
[6] Dam Trung Phudng, 2005 Dd thi Viet Nam Nxb Xay dung Ha NOi [7] Truong Quang Thao, 2003 Dd thi hoc - Nhiing khdi niem md ddu Nxb
Xay dQng, Ha Npi
[8] Tdng cue Thdng ke, 2008 Nien gidm thong ke Nxb Thdng ke Ha NOi-[9] UBND thanh phd Hai Phdng, 2001 Thuyit minh ting hap diiu chinh qui hoach chung thdnh phd Hdi Phdng din ndm 2020 BO Xay dQng - Vien qui hoach
Hai Phdng - Vien qui hoach do thi va nOng thoii, Hai Phdng
[10] UBND thanh phd Hai Phdng, 2009.-Thuyit minh diiu chinh Qui hoach chung xdy dung thdnh pho Hdi Phdng din ndm 2025 vd tdm nhin din ndm 2050
Hii Phdng
ABSTRACT The situation of urbanization of Haiphong in the period 1985 - 2007
This article analyses the groups of characters in different fields: the role; the socio-economic; the infrastructure; the architecture; the management and spacial structure of urban life, in order to judge about the urbanization situation, positive and negative sides of Hai Phong in 1985- 2007 These results give the urbanism bases
to make the orientations and solutions to realize the urbanization of Hai Phong, and also to develop the urban system of Viet Nam