Xu the hgi nhap, tang cifdng hop tac tren quy mo toan cau da md ra nhiifng bUdc tien mdi cho qua trinh phat trien cua cac qudc gia, dac hiet la nhiifng nudc dang phat trien. Trong b[r]
Trang 1VAN HOA N G H F T H U A T TROMC MlWC
DL LICH VA VAN HOA DU LICH
• •
6 MS6C TA HIEN NAY
NGUYfiN T H I L O N
1 Du Ijch
Du lich cd thi dugc hieu la viec di lai ciia
timg ca nhan hoac timg nhdm ngudi rdi khdi
chd d trong khoang thdi gian ngin, din cac
vting xung quanh dl nghi ngoi, giai trf hay chira
benh Nhiing hoat dgng di chuyen ciia con
ngudi d trong hay ngoai nude, trir viee di cu trii
chfnh tri, tim viec lam va xam lugc, diu mang
y nghia du lich Theo Luat
du lich Viet Nam, "du lich
la cac hoat dgng cd lien
quan din chuyen di ciia
con ngudi ngoai noi cu trii
thudng xuyen ciia minh
nhim dap img nhu clu
tham quan, tim hieu, giai
trf, nghi dudng trong mdt
khoang thdi gian nhat
dinh'Xl)
Dil ed nhilu each hilu
khac nhau, song du lich
ciing da, dang trd thanh
mgt nhu clu trong ddi
sdng tinh thin ciia con ngudi, la clu ndi eho sir
phat triln kinh te ciia mdi qudc gia
Du lich la mgt hoat dgng ra ddi tir rat sdm,
nhung phai den giai doan hien nay mdi thuc su
phat triln va dang chuyin minh trd thanh mgt
nganh cong nghiep xuat khiu tai chd mang lai
gia tri cao Dilu nay the hien ro trong viee tao
cdng an viec lam, tang thu nhap, nang cao ddi
sdng ciia ngudi lao dgng, dac biet la nhtmg
ngudi lam trong cac linh vuc cd lien quan din
du lich nhu hudng din vien, nhan vien lam viec
d nhieu khu vui choi giai trf, trong cac nha
hang, khach san, van chuyin Ddng thdi, trong
qua trinh hoat dgng du lich, cac gia tri van hda
Xu the hgi nhap, tang cifdng hop tac tren quy mo toan cau da
md ra nhiifng bUdc tien mdi cho qua trinh phat trien cua cac qudc gia, dac hiet la nhiifng nudc dang phat trien Trong bdi canh ddi mdi dait nuac, thuc hien cong nghiep hda, hien dai hoa tren cac llnh vuc, nganh du ljch Viet Nam da dat dugc nhieu tlianh tuu, va dan kh^ng djnh dugc vai tro mui nhgn trong nen ldnh te qudc dan
dan tdc dugc danh thirc, khoi phuc, khai thac, bao tdn, triing tu, gdp phan bao luu, gin giu cho thi he sau
Du lich \'a cae nganh kmh t l cd mdi quan he tuong hd lln nhau, du lich phat triln se tao da thiic dly cac nganh cting phat triln, nhat la nhitng linh vuc nhu san xuat hang hda, van chuyen, kinh doanh dich vu nha hang, khach san
Nhu vay, du lich la mgt mat xfch rat quan trgng, cd tac dung ndi ket cac nganh trong nln kinh te' lai vdi nhau, de tao thanh mgt day chuyen hoan chinh, lam eho bg may chung hoat dgng mgt each hieu qua va mang lai nhilu lgi fch cho
xa hgi
Du lich la mgt nganh kinh te' nhay cam, lu6n bi anh hudng bdi nhilu ye'u td nhu kinh te, chfnh tri, phap luat Du lich mudn phat triln vimg manh thi trudc het phai dn dinh tinh hinh trong nudc, ben canh dd cin md rong giao luu, hgp tae nhung phai dua tren ca sd thuc trang
va ngudn lire ciia qudc gia, nhim tao ra nhiing thi trudng mdi, dgc dao, hap din Cimg vdi sir
md rong pham vi hoat dgng, du ljch da lam gia tang nhanh chdng vl sd lugng thanh phin cu dan
va thanh phin du khach Neu nhu trudc day du lich chi danh rieng cho ting ldp thuang luu, cd dieu kien, thi nay nd khdng cdn bi bd hep, gidi han, ma da md rong vdi su tham gia ciia nhilu ngudi, de'n tit nhilu noi tren the gidi vdi dii qudc tich, mau da, ton giao Viec da dang v | thanh phin cu dan va thanh phin du khach, da dat
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Trang 2nganh du ljch Viet Nam trudc nhu'ng co hdi va
thach thirc de phat trien trong tuong lai
Xa hgi phat triln, eon ngudi ludn ban rgn
vdi cdng viec, khi ed thdi gian, hg thfch di du
lich de giai tda ap lire, trai nghiem cugc sdng,
tie'p thu cac tri thirc nhan loai, lam giau them
vdn kiln thirc Do vay du ljch khdng thi phat
triln mgt each don dieu, ma phai phong phii, da
dang, mdi thu hiit dugc du khach
Hien tai, thi trudng du lich Viet Nam phat
trie'n vdi nhilu loai hinh, nhilu tour, tuyen mdi
la, ha'p din
Du lich nghi dudng la loai hinh cd nhilu lgi
the phat triln d nude ta Cac dilm dugc khai
thac phuc vu nhu clu ciia du khach, nhu Ba Na
(Da Ning), Sa Pa (Lao Cai), Mlu Son (Lang
Son), Da Lat, va mgt sd resort d cac bai biln
la nhtrng nai cd khi hau mat me, trong lanh,
phong canh tuoi dep, cd nhirng net van hda tgc
ngudi rai dgc dao, vdi nhilu djch vu phuc vu tdt
nhai cho nhu clu nghi ngoi thu gian, nang cao
siic khde ciia du khach
VAN HOA DLTONG f)AI
Du lich sinli thdi la hinh thiic du ljch dua
vao thien nhien, gin vdi ban sic van hda dja phuang vdi sir tham gia eiia egng ddng nhim phat trien ben virng (2)
Dugc thien nhien uu dai, cd khf hau thuan lgi, va mgt ngudn tai nguyen ddi dao vdi nhilu khu bao tdn thien nhien, cac khu du trir sinh quyen, vudn qude gia vdi tilm nang phat triln manh nhu vjnh Ha Long, VQG Ciic Phuong, VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bang, hd Ba Bl , nudc
ta dang la dilm de'n ly tudng cho khach mud'n tham gia tour du ljch sinh thai
Du lich the thao la loai hinh mdi, rat thfch
hgp vdi gidi tre, nang dgng, ua thich kham pha, mao hiim, phat triln manh d cac nudc chau Au nhu trugt tuyet, leo niii, ludt sdng, danh golf Viet Nam cd nhilu dilu kien dl phat trien loai hinh du lich thi thao, vdi nhieu bai bien dep nhu Nha Trang, Mui Ne, Co To, Lang C6, Da Ning thuan lgi eho cac m6n thi thao dudi nudc nhu danh bdng chuyin, ludt sdng, lan Nudc ta ed rat nhilu niii, nhung khdng cao, vi
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Trang 3VAN HOA NGHE THUAT TROMC MIWC
vay du ljch leo niii bj han ehi Hien nay mdi
chi khai thac dugc dinh Phan xi pang (nggn mii
cao nhai Viet Nam va dugc coi la nde nha ciia
Ddng Duang) \'a mgt sd nggn niii khac nhung
hieu qua ehua cao Vdi mdt he thdng cac san
golf ldn, nhd khac nhau, trong dd co 5 san golf
dap irng dugc eae tieu chuin tdt nhai la Long
Thanh (Ddng Nai), Thii Diie (TP.HCM), Sdng
Be (Binh Duong), Ngoi sao Chf Linh (Hai
Duong), Ddng Md (Ha Ngi), thu hut sd lugng
ldn ngudi den chai Golf la mdn thi thao danh
cho nhirng ngudi cd thu nhap eao, day chi'nh la
ddi tugng khach tilm nang ma cac doanh
nghiep du ljch cin phai quan tam phat triln
Du lich thien dang tao ra lan sdng mdi tai
cac nudc phat triln, la loai hinh than thien vdi
mdi trudng, ddng thdi mang lai sir can bing
trong cugc sdng Theo thd'ng ke, Viet Nam hien
ed khoang 120 thiln vien, va nhilu ngdi chiia
ndi tie'ng cd thi khai thac Cac tour du ljch thiln
d nudc ta thudng kit hgp giua cac ldp tap yoga,
ngdi thiln hay cac lieu phap spa vdi viec tham
cac chiia, thiln vien Trong bdi canh hgi nhap
toan clu du ljch thiln se la loai hinh du ljch
dly hira hen, khdng rieng ciia Viet Nam, ma
cdn ciia nhieu nudc
Du lich vdn hda la hinh thuc du ljch dua vao
ban sac van hda dan toe vdi su tham gia eiia
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edng ddng nhim bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van hda tru\ln thdng (3)
Voi bl day ljch sir trong qua trinh dung nude va giir nudc, Viet Nam cd nguon tai
ngu>en nhan van ddi dao Di den bat ky mgt
vting miln nao ciia td qude, ta diu bit gap cac gia trj van hda hien hiru trong ddi sdng ciia con ngudi, dd la cay da, ben nudc, san dinh, ll hgi lang, cae phien chg que mang nhtmg net rieng ma ft qude gia cd dugc
Cimg vdi cac tai nguyen tu nhien, tai nguyen
\'an hda la mgt trong nhtmg dac trung cho phat triln du ljch ciia Viet Nam Gia trj eiia nhtmg di san van hda nhu di tieh ljch sir, cong trinh kiln true, loai hinh nghe thuat, tap quan, lang nghi
la nhung ddi tugng cho du khach kham pha tim hilu Du lich van hda d Viet Nam dugc td chiic dua tren dac dilm ciia dja phuang, tirng vting miln nhu du ljch vting Tay Bic, ddng bing Nam Bg, eon dudng di san miln Trung
Du ljch Viet Nam dang tap trung khai thac cac di tfeh da dugc UNESCO cong nhan la di san t h i gidi, day la nhtrng diem thu hiit sir quan tam ciia khach du ljch Quin the di
tich-ed dd H u l , nai luu giir, chiia dung nhilu gia trj tieu bieu eho trf tue va t i m hdn dan tgc, bao gdm cac c6ng trinh thanh quach, cung dien, lang tim nguy nga, trang le Phd cd Hgi
An cd gia trj rat ldn vl
; I mat kien triic, hlu nhu
i '3'; cac e6ng trinh vin dugc
i giir nguyen ven, thi hien sir giao thoa ciia van hda ban dja vdi Trung Hoa, Nhat Ban Thanh dja My Son la da'u tfeh cdn lai eiia nln van hda va tin ngudng Champa xua Khu trung tam Hoang thanh Thang Long la minh chirng cho nln van hie'n lau ddi ciia nguai Viet trong sudt chilu dai ljch sir, vdi nhilu di tieh khao cd cho thay day la trung
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Trang 4VAN HOA DLfONG SAI tam kinh te, ehinh trj, van hda ciia nudc ta
qua nhilu vuong trilu
Ngoai ra mgt loai hinh du ljch van hda cung
rat dugc quan tam, dd la du ljch tham lai chien
trudng xua, ddi tugng chi'nh dl khai thac dd la
cac dilm, khu vuc edn luu giir lai cac di tfeh
chiln tranh, ghi da'u tdi ac eiia quan xam luge
nhu Dien Bien Phii, Nga ba Ddng Ldc, dja dao
Cii Chi, nha tti Cdn Dao, nghia trang Trudng
Son
Ben canh viec khai thac cac gia trj van hda
vat the, hien nay cae gia trj van hda phi vat thi
cting dugc khai thac vao muc dfch du ljch Viet
Nam dugc coi la cai ndi van hda ciia khu vuc
Ddng Nam A, trai qua nhilu thang trim ciia
ljch sir, the he dng cha ta da sang tao ra nhilu
loai hinh nghe thuat mang dac trung rieng ciia
van hda dan tdc nhu cheo, tudng, eai luang, hat
then, ca Hue, hat vi dam , mang sic thai tirng
vting mien rieng biet, nhtrng am hudng va tinh
cam khac nhau Dac biet mgt sd nhtrng loai
hinh nghe thuat da dugc UNESCO cdng nhan la
di san van hda phi vat the nhu ca trii, nha nhac
cung dinh Hue', khdng gian van hda cdng
chieng Tay Nguyen, quan hg Bic Ninh la
nhu'ng san phlm van hda tieu bilu cho qua trinh
phat trien, giao luu van hda giira Viet Nam vdi
cac dan tgc khac, va la ngudn tai nguyen dgc
dao de thu hut khach tham quan
Hien nay, nganh du ljch da phat triln mgt sd
tour du ljch ban lang, khai thac cae phong tuc
tap quan ciia ddng bao cae tgc ngudi, bing each
dua khach vl cac budn, ban sinh hoat, an d
Cling vdi dan, sdng theo tap quan nai hg den
trong mgt khoang thdi gian, de khach ed thi
tim hilu dugc nhirng net van hda truyin thdng
dac trung eiia ttTng tgc ngudi Loai hinh nay
thfch hgp vdi nhung noi cd nhilu ddng bao dan
tgc thilu sd, dae biet phat triln manh d Sa Pa,
va dugc coi la mdt hudng di mdi, vira gdp phin
xda ddi giam ngheo, vira phat huy ban sic van
hda ciia mdi tgc ngudi,
0 Viet Nam ll hgi thudng diln ra quanh
nam, nhung tap trung nhat la vao mtia xuan,
phin ldn cac ll hdi gin liln vdi cac sir kien ljch
sir, tudng nhd nhitng ngudi cd cdng ddi vdi dai
nude Su da dang ll hgi ciia nudc ta vira la net dep van hda din tgc, vira la mgt trong nhirng san phlm du ljch hap din du khach
Festival, dugc xem la hoat dgng du ljch van hda dac sic nhat Viet Nam, la loai hinh du ljch mdi, nhung lai phat trien rai manh, dugc du khach ua thfch Nudc ta cd nhilu festival nhu Festival Hue, Festival hoa Da Lat, Festival liia gao Festival trai cay Festival gdm sii Festival phao hoa Da Ning Day chfnh la nai quang ba hinh anh vl dat nudc con ngudi Viet Nam tdi ban be the gidi mgt each hieu qua nhat
Du ljch lang nghi, la loai hinh du ljch van hda tdng hgp giiia tham quan, vdi mua sim Viet Nam cd rat nhilu lgi the'eho phat trien, bdi chiing ta cd rat nhieu lang nghi ndi tie'ng, cd ljch sir hinh thanh ttr lau ddi nhu gdm Bat Trang, lua Van Phiic, tranh Ddng Hd, chieu Nga Son, vang bac Chau Khe Trong nhtrng nam gin day du ljch lang nghi thu hiit dugc rat nhieu khach, dac biet la khach Tay Au, Bic
My, Nhat Ban, Han Qudc
Hien nay, khi xay dung cac chuang trinh, cac loai hinh, chiing ta diu dam bao phat trien
du ljch theo hudng bin virng Viec phat trien du ljch bin virng, da mang Iai lgi fch thiet thuc cho cong ddng, ching nhirng khdng pha hiiy hoac Iam suy thoai caC ngudn tai nguyen du ljch, ma cdn ddng gdp vao su tang trudng vl kinh te, xa hgi, mdi trudng
2 Van hda du ljch
Van hda du ljch la mot pham trti rong ldn, the hien nhu'ng gia trj van hda ciia toan bg hoat dgng du ljch Hoat ddng eiia du ljch diu hudng vao muc dfch hinh thanh nen nhiing ban sic van hda dac trung ciia tirng qude gia Hieu mgt each thong thudng, dd la viec nghien eii:u cac gia trj van hda dl phue vu eho phat triln du lich Van hda la tai nguyen dgc dao ed vai trd quan trgng trong viec quylt djnh den quy md, loai hinh, chat lugng, hieu qua ciia hoat dgng
du ljch Du ljch phat trien virng manh hay khong phu thugc vao cac gia trj van hda, bdi van hda ehinh la dilu kien, moi trudng eho du ljch phat sinh va phat trien
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Trang 5VAN HQA N G H F THUAT TROMC MlWc
Du ljch va van hda cd mdi quan he bd trg
cho nhau, ban than hoat dgng du ljch da cd sin
tfnh van hda, nhung xet vl ban chat, nd vin la
mgt hoat dgng kinh doanh, viec kei hgp nhuIn
nhuyin van hda va du ljch, se tao cho du ljch
nhiing san phlm mang tfnh van hda cao hon va
du ljch se ddng vai trd la phuong tien dl danh
thirc, khai thac, truyin tai va trinh diln cae gia
trj van hda tdt nhat
Neu du ljch van hda la viec hudng vao muc
dfch tim hilu, kham pha, hgc hdi, va bao tdn
cac gia trj van hda truyin thdng, thi van hda du
ljch lai thi hien hanh vi irng xir, dao diic ciia
con ngudi ddi vdi eae gia trj van hda truyin
thdng dd
Nhu vay van hda trong hoat dgng du ljch
dugc hilu la cac hanh vi irng xir, dao dire, tae
phong lam viee cua nhan vien phue vu, ciia
nhirng ngudi kinh doanh du ljch, eiia cu dan,
thai do irng xir ciia du khach ddi vdi nai hg de'n
tham quan
Tinh trang chung d eae dilm du ljch nude ta
la 6 nhiim, do sir thie'u y thirc ciia ca ngudi hoat
dgng du ljch va ngudi tham gia du ljch Trong
dd moi trudng nudc bj 6 nhiim nang nhat, do
lugng chit thai rat ldn, khdng diing nai quy
djnh, lam cho cdng viec xir ly bj khd khan, gay
mai my quan va lam xuai hien mgt sd loai vi
khuin gay hai Ngoai ra, viec xam hai ciia con
ngudi den tai nguyen la nguyen nhan din din
tinh trang xudng cap ciia cac di tich, canh quan,
lam suy giam he dgng thuc vat, rat khd eho viee
khoi phuc lai
Thj trudng du ljch Viet Nam dang diln ra
mgt nghjch ly, dd la sir trai ngugc vl y thiic
trong viec bao ve mdi trudng gitra khach du ljch
qudc t l va khach ngi dja Dilu nay thi hien ro,
nlu nhu khach nude ngoai ton trgng cae van dl
ve bao ve mdi trudng bao nhieu, thi khach ngi
dja lai thd a bay nhieu, sin sang thai rac d mgi
noi Van dl dat ra la mudn bao ve tdt mdi
trudng du ljch thi trudc hei cin nang cao y thitc
CLia mdi ngudi bing each md rong cac hinh
thiic tuyen truyin, giao due ning eao nhan
thirc, giup hg nhan tha'y tam quan trgng ciia
viec bao ve mdi trudng
Viee thie'u y thirc eiia nhirng ngudi kinh doanh du ljch da true tiep lam xau di hinh anh ciia dilm du ljch, gay ra sir phan cam ciia khach tham quan Van dl diu tien phai nhic den la tinh trang mat ve sinh trong viec phuc vu an udng nhu thu'c an oi thiu, ed phlm mau, dung
cu c h i bie'n khdng dam bao ve sinh , ben canh
dd cdn xuat hien nhimg hien tugng treo ddu de
bdn thit chd lira ddi khach, khdng trung thuc
trong kinh doanh budn ban, lam cho khach mat thien cam, khdng ed y djnh quay lai
Do du ljch phat trien nhanh, thieu sir quan ly chat che va ddng bg da lam xuat hien te nan xa hgi nhu ca do, xdc dia, trd choi triing thudng, hay nhieu yeu td gia van hda nay sinh girgng ep de phuc vu du khach, va dang cd nguy co bj thuong mai hda Ben canh dd la tinh trang an xin, mdc trgm, cheo keo, tranh eudp khach da tac dgng tieu cue, anh hudng tdi phat triln du ljch Ngoai ra cdn phai ke de'n thai do va hanh vi ling xir ciia nhirng ngudi lam du ljch cdn mang tfnh vu lgi, trinh do chuyen mdn nghiep vu chua cao, kha nang giao tiep va irng xir con nhilu han che
Trong phat trien du ljch hien nay, van dl van hda ludn dugc dl cao, nd chfnh la ye'u td de quylt djnh tdi su thanh cdng ciia du ljch Mudn
du ljch phat triln thi cin cd mgt m6i trudng van hda tdt
Du ljch la mgt nganh cdng nghiep khdng khdi mang lai lgi nhuan cao Neu danh thirc dugc cac tilm nang va lgi the, thi du ljch se la con ga de trung vang, tac dgng manh me tdi su phat triln kinh te xa hgi Ben canh phat trien nhanh du ljch, can cd nhtrng chfnh sach, bien phap bao tdn cac gia trj van hda, cac tai nguyen du ljch, phat trien du ljch mdt each ben vtrng; ddng thdi hoat dgng du lich phai ludn dam bao tfnh van hda, thi hien net van hoa trong tirng hoat dgng, tao In tuang td't
de nganh du lich Viet Nam tan dung co hdi, phat trien viing manh •
N.T.L
1 2 3 Hoang Chi Dung, l^udt du lich Nxb Hdiis
Due Ha Noi 2008 tr.6 9
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