Khi phan tich va danh gia vai trd xa hgi ciia ton giao, cac nha sang lap chii nghia Mac - Lenin da neu ra each xem xet van de tdn giao theo quan diem cu the va xuat phat tii thiic te[r]
Trang 112 Nghien cuu Ton giao So 10 - 2009
TU TUONG CUA C MAC, PH ANGGHEN VA
V.I LENIN VE CHUfC NANG, VAI TRO CUA
TON GIAO QUA MOT SO TAC PHAM KINH DIEN
C hu nghia Mac - Lenm ve tdn giao
the hien tren cac ngi dung nbu ve
ban chat, ngudn gd'c tfnh chat, chuc nang
cua ton giao phu'dng phap iing xii vdi tdn
giao Xhiing quan diem nay den nay van
cd gia tri to Idn ddi vdi 'viec nghien ciiu
tdn giao va cdng tac tdn giao d nudc ta
Bai viet nay phan tfch met sd ngi dung tU
tu'dng ciia C.Mac Ph.Angghen va
V.I.Lenin ve chiic nang vai tre cua tdn
giad du'dc trinh bay trdng mgt sd tac
pham kinh dien tieu bieu
1 Chijfc n a n g d e n b u hvt ao
Mac va Angghen deu cho rang, triidc
het, ton giao cd chiic nang an lii, dii la
thu' "bii dap hii ao" trong menh de ndi
tieng "ten giad la thudc phien ciia nhan
dan": "Sii ngheo nan eiia tdn giao 'viia la
bieu hien cua sii ngheo nan hien thi/c vita
la St/ phdn khdng chdng sii ngheo nan
hien thiic ay Tdn giao la tieng thd dai
ciia chung sinh hi ap biic, la trai tim ciia
the gidi khcng cc trai tim, ciing gid'ng nhii
nd la tinh t h i n cua nhiing trat tii khdng
CO Linh than, Tdn giao la thud'c phien ciia
nhan dan"'", Co mgt thdi gian dai, menh
de nay lai chi du'dc hieu: ten giao la riidu
tmh t h i n , la thud'c phien d i u dgc nhan
dan, la vdng hao quang t h i n t h a n h trong
NGI YEN KHAC DVC
cai bien khd ciia nhan dan la nhiing bdng hoa tifdng tifdng phu tren xfch xieng thiic
te ciia hg
Van de dat ra la lam sao de hieu difdc thiic chat y nghia cau ndi ndi tieng nay ciia C.Mac
Trudc het c i n thay rang luan diem nay khdng phai C.Mac la ngiidi dau tien
ma trifdc dd da cd mgt so nha khoa hgc Phiidng Tay de cap den vdi y nghia tu'dng tti (nhii Honbach Heghen, Haind Baud ) Xhiing den C.Mac, cau ndi nay trd thanh ndi tieng va nhieu ngu'di ngg nhan C.Mac la ngiidi da neu len d i u tien Den nay van cd nhieu each hieu khac nhau ve luan diem nay Cd ngifdi cho rang cau ndi dd hoan toan sai lam vi khdng phu hdp vdi sii that lich sii So ngiidi khac lai quan niem chi cd hinh thiic tdn giao thoai hda nao dd mdi la thud'c phien chii khdng phai mgi tdn giao ndi chung Cd ngu'di trd ve tim hieu boi canh lich sii khi xuat hien cau ndi dd ciia C.Mac va cho rang; vao n h i i n g t h a p ki'
* ThS Hoc vien Qiiiih tri-Hanh chinh Qudc gia Ho Chi Minh
1 C Mac Gdp phdn phe phdn triet hoc phdp quyen
ciia Heghen Ldi ndi ddu trong C Mac-Ph Angghen
Toan tap NXB CIQG HN 1995 tap I tr 570 "
Trang 2Nguy5n Khac Due Tutirrhig ciia C Mdc 13
d i u ciia t h e ki XIX t h i d Phifdng Tay tif
"thudc p h i e n " chiia cd y n g h i a dgc h a i
nhif n g a y n a y m a chi la thif thud'c giam
dau t h o n g thifdng Vi vay cau ndi dd ciia
C.Mac k h d n g m a n g b a t ki bdng d a n g len
an nao Ngifdc lai cd y kien cho r i n g
chiing nao cdn tdn giao thi y n g h i a dgc
hai van cdn dd
Ciao sif T r a c T a n Binh'"' cho biet, viec
dong n h a t thud'c p h i e n vdi t o a n bg gia tri
tdn giao la each h i e u phd bien mgt thdi d
T r u n g Qud'c K h d n g ft bgc gia T r u n g
Quoc dii tting coi m e n h de "thud'c phien"
nay lam b a n c h a t ciia ton giao lay l u a n
diem nay cua Mac l a m d i n h nghia ve tdn
giao X u a t p h a t tii each If giai nay t h e m
vao do, ngiidi T r u n g Qud'c g i n day lai bi
bai bdi "chien t r a n h n h a phien", chd nen
cc ac cam vdi tii " n h a phien", lam cho gidi
hgc gia Trurig Qud'c t r o n g mgt thdi gian
khri dai cd m e t t h a i dg p h u d i n h doi vdi
ban c h a t va gia tri cua tdn giao, tiic la chi
tii y n g h i a tieu ciic de li giai dinh nghia
ton giiio Thiic ra, t h u y e t "thud'c phien"
c h i n g q u a ciing chi la mgt loai cong n a n g
xa hgi cua tdn giao, nd k h a c vdi toan bg
ban c h a t tdn giao''"
Cbii tich Phiden Castdrd chd rang, xet
thee quan diem chfnh tri ten giad khdng
phai la thud'c phien hoac phifdng thudc dieu
ki Nd cd the la thud'c phien heac phiidng
thud'c dieu ki tiiy thee ngiidi ta diing nd de
benh viic nhiing ke ap biic, bdc let hay de
bad ve nhiing ngifdi bi ap biic, bdc lot
Khi p h a n tich cau ndi n a y c i n q u a n
Lam tdi y kien ciia S.V.Rojo, mgt ngiidi
mac xit Chile d nhOng n a m 1980 T r e n cd
sd n g h i e n ciiu r a t ki liidng "lich sii" m e n h
de t r e n , dng cd ldi giai thfch r a t t h u y e t
phuc: Ton giao la thud'c p h i e n "ciia" n h a n
d a n chii k h d n g p h a i la "vdi" n h a n d a n va
d thdi diem ay "thud'c phien" van chifa cd
y n g h i a m a tiiy n h u hgay nay nd la mgt
c h a t giam d a u m a cac t h i y thud'c v a n ke ddn""'
L u a n diem cua C.Mac cdi tdn giao la thud'c p h i e n ciia n h a n d a n ve s a u diidc Lenin tiep t h u t n e t de cei dd la hdn da
t a n g ciia q u a n niem mac xit ve ton giao"' Theo C Mac tdn giad k h o n g cbi cd
m a t tieu ciic m a cdn cc m a t tich ciic n h a t
dinh, vi nd k h d n g chi phdn dnh ngheo
ndn hien thi/c m a cdn chd'ng lgi ngheo ndn hien thi/c ay, nd la t r a i tim khi the
gidi k h d n g cd t r a i tim, la tieng thd dai lam ngudi ngdai ndi dau kho, sii u a t b a n
de n a n g len so' p h a n moi con ngiidi Dd ton giao hi bong hoa gia diem t r a n g cho xieng xich, nhifng cd nd v a n hdn la mgt
xa hgi cbi cd gong ciim va nguc toi""'
P h A n g g h e n khi ndi ve vai trd cua dao
Cd Dd'c, dii viet; "Nhifng rdi dao Cd Dd'c
x u a t bien, nd thiic su' c h a p n h a n sii bao dap va sii triing p h a t d the gidi ben kia,
da tao r a t h i e n diidng va dia nguc, va da tim difdc ldi t h d a t difa nhiing ngifdi d a u khd va ngiidi b a t h a n h tcf ddi sd'ng thd'ng khd t r e n t r i n g i a n len t h i e n difdng v i n h ciiu Va t r o n g thiic te, chi cd b a n g hi vgng vao sii den d a p d t h e gidi ben kia mdi cc t h e n a n g tit sii tif bo t h e gidi t h e e
t h u y e t k h a c ki cua Phi-leng va chu n g h i a
c a m d u e l e n t h a n h m e t t r o n g n h i i n g
2 Vien truang Vien Nghien ciiu Tan giap the giai (Trung Quo'c)
3 Trac Tan Binh [J gidi Ton gido NXB MN 2007 tr
19, 20 (Ngirdi dich: Tran NghTa Phuang)
4 Ve tdn gido, NXB KHXH, HN 1994,''t I, tr 239
5 V.I.Lenin Ve thdi do ciia Ddng Cdng nhdn ddi
vdi tdn gido Trong V.I.Lenin Toan tap NXB Tien
bp Matxcm'a 1979, T 17, tr 524
6 Vien Nghien ct'ru Ton giao va Tin nguang Li ludn
ve Tf'ni gido vd chinh sdch ton gido a \ lei Nam
NXB Ton giao HN 2007 tr 8-22
Trang 3.14 Nghien cuu ion giao i^o lu - /.Kjuy
nguyen tac dao diic cd ban cua ten giad
the gidi, mdi cd kha nang cuo'n hiit quan
chiing nhan dan bi ap biic"'"
Theo each nhin ciia cac nha kmh dien
chtic nang quan trgng nhat ciia tdn giao
la chiic nang den bu hif ao Triidc cuoc
song cd nhieu khd khan, may nii bat
cong, tdn giad an ui, vd ve eon ngrfdi, xda
diu bdt ndi dau tran the, Sii den bii bif ao
cua ton giao, nhu'ng lai cd tac dung hien
thiic, bdi nhd cd nd ma con ngifdi trong
nhiing liic khd dau tuyet vgng nha't van
difdc an lii va van nudi mgt hi vgng vifdt
qua, ban che diidc nhiing hanh vi vd
nghia hoac tai hai cho ddng loai
2 Vai t r o x a h o i ciia t o n giao
Khi phan tich va danh gia vai trd xa
hgi ciia ton giao, cac nha sang lap chii
nghia Mac - Lenin da neu ra each xem
xet van de tdn giao theo quan diem cu the
va xuat phat tii thiic te sinh dgng ciia
cuoc sdng Vi the vai trd xa hgi ciia tdn
giao difdc C.Mac va Ph.Angghen nhin
nhan treng nhiing dieu kien lich sd nha't
dinh va trong nhiing hinh thai xa hdi cu
the Treng bg Tii ban C Mac da chi ra
r i n g neu treng thdi cd Hy Lap chinh tri
ddng vai trd chii yeu thi trai lai trong thdi
ki Trung cd dao Kitd lai ddng vai trd chii
yeu Theo C.Mac chi cd the c i t nghia
difdc dieu dd b i n g each phan tfch nhiing
dieu kien kinh te xa hgi Ph.Angghen
cung ndi rd thdi Trung cd vai trd xa hgi
ciia tdn giao the hien d sii chi phdi cua nd
ddi vdl cac binh thiic khac ciia he tif
tifdng va sii tac dgng ciia nd ddi vdi cac
phong trao xa hgi chfnh tri "nd huge cac
phong trao xa hgi va chinh tri phai mang
hinh thiic t h i n hgc" Ph.Angghen k h i n g
dmh vai trd ciia tdn giao trong cac cudc
khdi nghia ndng dan thdi Trung cd va vai
tre ciia cac cuoc cai each ton giao, nha't la cudc cai each ciia giao hgi Can vanh ddi vdi sii phat trien cua Chii nghia tii ban Dieu dd chiing td r i n g , dng da thiia nhan trong nhiing dieu kien lich sii nha't dinh, tdn giao ciing cd m a t tich eiic va sii tac dgng ciia nd doi vdi xa hgi ciing cd mgt
t i m quan trgng dang ke""
C.Mac neu rd trong tac pham Gdp
phdn phe phdn triet hgc phdp quyen ciia Heghen Lin ndi ddu: "Nha nifdc ay, xa
hgi ay san sinh ra tdn giao, tiic the gitdi
quan Idn ngiidc, vi ban than chiing la the gif% Ion ngiCgc Tdn giao la If luan chung
ciia the gidi ay, la cifdng yeu bach khoa cua nd la logic diidi hinh thiic phd cap ciia nd, la van de danh dii duy linh luan cua nd, la nhiet tinh cua nd, la sii chuin y
ve mat dao diic ciia nd, la sii bd sung trang nghiem eiia nd, la can cii phd bien
ma nd diia vao de an lii va bien hg "'^' Ph.Angghen da viet; "Trong tay bgn giao si, chinh tri va luat hgc, ciing nhd ta't ca nhuing khoa hgc khac van chi la nhiing nganh ciia khoa t h i n hgc va nhiing nguyen If thd'ng tri trong t h i n hgc ciing diidc ap dung cho chfnh tri va luat hgc Nhiing giao If ciia giao hgi ddng thdi ciing la nhiing dinh Ii chfnh tri, va nhiing doan Kinh T h a n h ciing cd hieu liic trifdc mgi tda an nhii la luat phap Va sii thdng tri tdi cao ay ciia t h i n hgc trong tat
ca cac linh viic boat dgng tinh t h i n ddng thdi ciing la hau qua t a t yeu ciia cai vi tri
7 Ph Angghen Bdn ve lich sir dao Ca Ddc sa ki
trong C.Mac -Ph Angghen Toan tap, Nxb CTQG
HN, 1995 tap 22 tr 687,
8 PCS Nguyen Dure Sir Mdc Angghen Lenin hdn
ve tdn gido NXB Ton giao HN 2001 tr 11 - 16
9 C.Mac Gdp phdn phe phdn trie! hoc phdp qiiven
ciia Heghen Ldi ndi ddn trong C.Mac - Ph
Angghen Toan tap NXB CTQG HN 1995 tap 1 tr
569 - 570
Trang 4Nguyen Khac Dire Tifticang ciia C Mdc 15
ma giao hgi d a chiem vdi tfnh each la sii
tdng hdp c h u n g n h a t va sii p h e c h u I n
c h u n g n h a t ciia che do p h o n g kien hien
tdn"'""
O n g k h a n g d i n h ve vai trd ciia hgc
t h u y e t C a n v a n h vdi cac cudc each m a n g
tii san: "Vdi t i n h c h a t s i c xac dac biet
P h a p , C a n v a n h da lam ndi b a t t i n h c h a t
tu" s a n ciia cudc Cai each, da cdng hda hda
va d a n chii h d a n h a thd T r d n g k h i cucc
cai each cua L u - t h e d Diic d a t h e a i hda va
da difa d a t niidc d e n chd dieu t a n t h i cuoc
cai each ciia C a n v a n h da trd t h a n h la cd
cho n h i i n g ngiidi cdng hda d Gidnevd, d
H a L a n va Xcc'tlen, da giai p h d n g Ha L a n
khdi ach thd'ng t r i ciia T a y B a n N h a va
ciia de che Difc, va da cung cap mgt bg ad
tif tiidng cho m a n thii h a i ciia cuoc each
m a n g tii s a n dien r a d Anh 0 day chii
n g h i a C a n v a n h td r a la mgt sii thiic nguy
t r a n g chd ldi ich cua giai cap tif san hdi
dd b a n g bg ao tdn giad, n e n ne khdng
difdc thira n h a n h d a n toan k h i each m a n g
1689 k e t thiic b i n g sii t h d a hiep giiia mgt
bg p h a n ciia quy tgc va giai cap tif s a n " " "
Ndi tdi vai trd xa hgi ciia ton giao, cac
n h a s a n g lap chii n g h i a Mac - Lenin ciing
da lifu y den k h i a c a n h tdn giao la n h u
c i u ciia mgt bg p h a n n h a n dan, n h u c i u
ciia sii p h a t t r i e n xa hgi t r o n g n h i i n g thdi
ki lich sii n h a t d i n h P h A n g g h e n n e u ro:
"Chi cai viec la 250 n a m s a u k h i r a ddi,
dad Cd Dd'c da trd t h a n h mgt qud'c giac,
cung du chiing m m h r i n g nd la tdn giad
thich hdp vdl h o a n c i n h cua thdi dai
T r d n g thdi ki T r u n g cd dad Cd Ddc ciing
p h a t tne'n t h e e sii p h a t t r i e n ciia che dg
p h o n g kien m a trd t h a n h tdn giao phii
hdp vdi che dg ay, va cd mgt ton ti phong
kien tiidng ting Va k h i t i n g ldp t h i d a n
r a ddi thi di giad Tin liinb, ddi lap vdi dao
T h i e n chiia p h o n g kien, p h a t trien triidc
h e t t r o n g n h i i n g ngiidi Anbi d mien n a m nifdc P h a p , t r o n g thdi ki p h d n t h i n h n h a t cua cac dd t h i d m i e n dd"'''^'
O n g cho r a n g tdn giao do con ngiidi
s a n g tad ra, b a n t h a n n h i i n g ngiidi nay cam t h a y diidc n h u c i u c i n phai cc tdn giao va hg h i e u difdc n h i i n g n h u c i u c i n
Cd tdn giad ciia q u i n chung"'"
P h A n g g h e n cdn chi ro sii x u a t hien cua dao Kito d La Ma cd dai da dap iing yeu cau ciia q u i n chiing nd le va ap biic mong mud'n difdc giai phdng, nhifng lai
k h o n g CO each nao giai p h d n g trong cuoc sd'ng h i e n thiic h d n niia cdn dap iing ca sii h i n h t h a n h va p h a t t r i e n ciia b a n t h a n
de che cd tfnh c h a t t h e gidi t h i phai cd mgt ton giao t h e gidi phii hdp vdi nd Theo P h A n g g h e n , t r o n g thdi T r u n g cc dad Kitd da td r a la mgt ton giao phii hdp vdi thdi dai, phii hdp vdi che do b i e n
h a n h Ton giao la n h u c i u t i n h cam vo'n cd
t r o n g con ngifdi, dieu m a C Mac da thifa
n h a n : "Neu t r o n g t r a i t i m con ngifdi, cc mgt t i n h cam xa la vdi ta't ca so' con lai cua cac loai dgng vat mgt t i n h cam cii t a i sinh lai mai dii cho vi t r i ciia con ngifdi d dau, p h a i c h a n g diing t i n h cam dd la mgt quy l u a t cd b a n cua b a n c h a t cdn ngifdi
10 Ph.Angghen Chien tranh ndng ddn d Difc trong
C.Mac - Ph.Angghen Toan tap N.xb CTQG, HN
1993, tap 7, tr 476
11 Ph Angghen Liitvich Plioiabdc vd su cdo chung
ciiu triet hgc cd dien Difc trong C Mac - Ph
Angghen Toan tap, NXB CTQG, HN 1995 tap 21
tr 447-448
12 Ph Angghen Liitvich Plioiabdc vd sit cdo chung
ciia triet hoc cd dien Dire, trong C Mac - Ph
Angghen Toan tap Nxb CTQG HN, 1995, tap 21
tr 446
13 Ph Angghen Briiiw Sana vd dao Ca Dd'c khdi
•thiiy trong C Mac - Ph Angghen Toan tap, Nxb
CTQG, HN 1995, tap 19 tr 438-439
Trang 5Nghien cuu ion giao So lO - 2(yt/y
Theo c h u n g tdi dd la Linh c a m t d n
gi.ao""''
3 V a i t r d c h i n h t r i - x a h o i
Mac va A n g g h e n cho r a n g , tdn giao
thuoc kien triic thu'dng t i n g n h a m b i d ve
cd sd k i n h te - xa hgi Ve b a n c h a t , t e n
giao la cdng cu m a giai c a p t h d n g t r i d i m g
de giii gin t r a t tii thd'ng t r i c u a m i n h M a t
khac d n h i i n g giai d o a n d a c biet tdn giao
ciing du'dc n h a n d a n bi a p biic sii d u n g d e
tien b a n h cudc d a u t r a n h p h a n k h a n g
T r d n g tac p h a m I^ut vich Phoi O bdc vd
si/ cdo chung cua triet hgc cd dien Ddc,
Ph.Angghen n e u rd mdi giai c a p thd'ng t r i
deu su' d u n g tdn giao p h u hdp vdi m i n h
de duy tri dia vi t h d n g t r i : qu5' tgc dia c h u
su' d u n g dao Tin L a n h chinh thdng; t u
san tii do c h u n g h i a va c a p tien sii d u n g
chii nghia d u y li O n g ciing chd r a n g dad
Cd Dd'c d a trd t h a n h v a t sd hiiu dgc q u y e n
cua cac giai c a p t h d n g t r i "Tinh k h d n g
the tieu diet dugc c u a di giao T i n L a n h la
phu hop vdi tfnh vd dich c u a giai c a p t h i
drin d a n g len; khi giai c a p t h i d a n l y d a
dii Idn m a n h t h i cudc d a u t r a n h ciia nd
chdng qui tgc p h o n g k i e n m g t cugc d a u
t r a n h v.an h o a n t o a n cd t i n h c h a t d i a
phu'dng bat d a u cd q u y md d a n tgc
Xhu vay la d a o Cd Dd'c d a d a t tdi giai
doan cudi c u n g c u a nd D a o ay k h d n g cdn
du k h i n a n g de tiep t u c du'dc d u n g l a m
nguy t r a n g t u tu'dng cho n h i i n g hoai b a o
cua b a t cii m g t giai c a p t i e n bg n a o dd; nd
ngay cang trd t h a n h v a t sd h d u dgc
quyen cua cac giai c a p thd'ng t r i chiing
d u n g nd lam phu'dng tien cai tri ddn gian
n h i m d a n a p cac giai c a p ldp du'di Hdn
niia, mdi giai c a p t h d n g t r i d e u sii d u n g
ton giao p h u h d p vdi m i n h ; q u y tgc d i a
chu sii d u n g d d n g T e n h a y d a o T i n L a n h
cbinh thd'ng; bgn tu' s a n t u do chii n g h i a
va c a p tien sii d u n g c h u n g h i a duy If: """"
L e n i n , t r o n g t a c p h a m Thdi do cua cdc
giai cap ud cdc ddng phdi ddi u(9i tdn gido
vd gido h(5i n e u rd; "Mudn d u y t r i n h a n
d a n diidi c h e do nd le t i n h t h i n , t h i giao hdi p h a i lien m i n h c h a t c h e nha't vdi bgn
T r a m d e n : d a y la y kien c u a bgn dia chii
d a m a n v a ciia bgn b a o ngiidc cd 16 diidc
p h a t b i e u r a q u a ciia m i e n g Puriskevfch T h i i a cac n g a i cac ngai l i m roi -bgn t u s a n p h a n each m a n g cai lai qua ciia m i e n g Ca-ra-u-ld'p: vdi n h i i n g phifdng
p h a p n h u v a y cac ngai chi l a m difdc cai viec la t a c h n h a n d a n h e a n t o a n khdi tdn
g i a o C b i cd h a n h d g n g n h i i vay chung mdi cd t h e Ida p h i n h dugc dii chi la mgt
bg p h a n n h i i n g cdng n h a n lac h a u va
n h a t la n h i i n g ngiidi tieu tii s a n va nong
d a n c h u n g mdi cd t h e g i u p dd mgt giao hgi ddi mdi de nd h d a n t h a n h "sif m a n g to Idn va t h a n h t h i n " e u a m i n h la duy tri
c h e do nd le t i n h t h i n ddi vdi q u i n chiing
n h a n dan""'''
Ve cd b a n l u a n d e t r e n d a y ciia chii
n g h i a M a c t h a t k h d p h a n p h a n bac va den n a y nd v a n cdn n g u y e n gia t r i Sau
d a y la h a i c a u trich d a n tieu bieu:
" T r o n g cai ggi la n h a nudc Cd Ddc giao
cai cd y n g h i a thiic sii k h d n g phai la con
ngddi m a la sii tha him ciia nd Xgifdi duy
n h a t cd y n g h i a ddc vua la mgt con
ngu'di k h a c b i e t m g t e a c h d a c t h u vdi t a t
14 Tap chi Nghien cUu Tdn gido so 4-2000 tr 52
15 Ph .Angghen L/Jr vich Piimahdc vd su cdo cluing
cua triet hoc cd dien Difc trong C Mac - Ph
Angghen Toan tap NXB CTQG IIN 1995 tap 21
tr 447 - 449
16 V.I Lennin Tlicd dp cua cdc giai cap vd ciia cdc
ddng phdi ddi vdi tdn gido vd gido hoi trong
V.I.Lenin Toan tap tap 17 NXB TB Matxcm-a
1979 tr 5 3 7 - 5 3 8
Trang 6Nguyen Khac Due Tiriudng ciia C M ac 17
ca mgi ngifdi khac, hdn n u a cdn la ingt
Cdn ngu'di du'dc tdn giao lam cho trd nen
t h i e n g lieng triic tiep g a n vdi t h i e n gidi,
vdi C h u a " " ' '
"Tat ca cac giai cap a]3 biic deu c i n den
hai chiic n a n g xa hgi, de giii gin nen
thdng tri cua ininb: chifc n a n g dao p h u va
chiic n a n g giao si Dao phii p h a i dep t a n
sti p h a n k h a n g va sii cam p h a n ciia
nhiing ngiidi bi ap biic Giad si p h a i an lii
nbting ngiidi hi a p biic, vach r a cho hg
t h a y trien vgng ""''*',
Tuy n h i e n , ton giao ciing difdc n h a n
dan hi ap bifc sii d u n g de tien h a n h cugc
dau t r a n h p h a n khang"'", Thi du tieu
bieu cho van de n a y la viec Ph.Angghen
so s a n h p h o n g t r a o cdng n h a n hien dai
vdi lich sii cua Cd Doc giao sd ki Ong da
chi re t r d n g thdi ki lich sti co dai "nhu cau
dau t r a n h va ddc tin tdn giao k h o n g k h a c
n h a u ve can ban"
T r o n g tac p h a m Chien tranh nong ddn
g Ddc, ong Viet: "Vdi b a n dich kinh t h a n h
L u t h e da dem lai cho phong trao binh
dan moL vu k h i m a n h me Thdng qua
kinh Lhanh dng ta da dem dad Cd Dd'c
k h i e m idn cua n b t i n g the ki d i u tien dci
lap vdi dao Cd Dd'c da phdng kien hda
thdi dng ta d e m biic t r a n h met xa hgi
chifa be biet den ton ti t r a t tii p h o n g kien
r a t phrfc t a p va gia tao doi lap vdi mgt xa hgi phong kien d a n g t a n ra Xoiiti' dan da sii d u n g vii k h i do ve mgi m a t de chong lai cac vifdng cong quy tgc va t a n g lii"''''"
X h u vay t h o n g q u a mgt so tac p h a m
k m h dieii Lieu bieu, C.Mac, Ph.Angghen
va V.I.Lenin cho tha'y ton gi.io cd tac dgng tich ciic n h a t d i n h trong xa hgi Xd an ui, dgng vien con ngifdi trifdc cugc song cdn nhieu kho k h a n bat trac Ton giao la n h u
c i u tinh t h i n cua mgt bg p h a n n h a n dan Doi vdi giai cap thd'ng tri c h u n g luon ludn sif d u n g ton giao de bao ve duy tri dia vi va ldi ich cua m i n h Thiic te cac ong chifa nhin n h a n d i y du ve chifc n a n g nhieu m a t ciia tdn giao, ciing nhif cac khia canh van boa, dao difc, t a m li, v.v ciia ton giao Tuy n h i e n khong vi vay ma
p h u n h a n n h i i n g n g h i e n ciiu cua cac ong
ve chtic n a n g ton giao nhu' the la k h o n g
d u n g vdi sii t h a i lich sif./
17 C.Mdc - Ph.Angghen Todn tdp NXB CTQG
MN 1995 T l.lr544
18 V.l Lenin Su phd sdn ciia Qudc te IL trong V.l
Lenm Toitn tap NXB lien bo Matxcova 1980 T
26 tr 293
19 Do Quang Mirng Vdn de ton gido trong cdch
iiiaiig \ tet Nam Li ludn vd thifc tien Nxb Cl'QG HN
2005 tr 135 - 140
20 Ph Angghen Chidn tranh ndng ddn d Difc trong
C Mac - Ph Angghen Toan tap Nxb CIQG HN
1995, tap7.tr 486