Inflation and Interest Rates The Fisher Effect • In a 1896 classic article, economist Irving Fisher argued that expected nominal interest rate = expected real rate + inflation premium [r]
Trang 2Inflation & Deflation, Yield
Curves, and Duration: Impact on Interest Rates and Asset Prices
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Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
• To learn what inflation is and how it can impact interest rates
and the prices of financial assets
how it may affect the economy and financial system
determines the shape of the yield curve
Trang 4Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
• To discover how yield curves can be a useful tool for those
interested in investing their money and in tracking the health
of the economy
to assist in making investment choices and in protecting
against the risk of changes in interest rates
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Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Introduction
• Why are the interest rates on U.S. Treasury bills, Treasury
bonds, municipal bonds, corporate bonds, personal loans, etc.
so different from one another?
• Understanding the factors that cause interest rates to differ is
an indispensable aid to the investor and saver in choosing
financial assets for a portfolio
Trang 6Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Inflation and Interest Rates
goods and services
7
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Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Inflation and Interest Rates
• In recent years, the U.S. inflation and interest rates appear to
be fairly strongly correlated
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Trang 8Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Inflation and Interest Rates
Nominal and Real Interest Rates
• In general, lenders will attempt to charge nominal rates of
interest that give them their desired real rates of return on their
loanable funds based upon their expectations regarding
inflation
nominal rate = published or quoted rate
real rate = rate measured in terms of the actual purchasing power
Trang 9McGrawHill/Irwin
Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Inflation and Interest Rates
The Fisher Effect
• In a 1896 classic article, economist Irving Fisher argued that
expected nominal interest rate
= expected real rate + inflation premium + (expected real rate inflation premium)
expected real rate + inflation premium
in the marketplace during the life of a particular financial instrument.
Trang 10Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Inflation and Interest Rates
Alternative Views
explanations of the linkages between inflation and interest
rates, several alternative views have emerged over the years