• Central banks are “bankers’ banks.” They communicate with commercial banks and securities dealers in carrying out their essential public policy functions.. • The U.S. central bank is[r]
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Banks Around The World
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Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Learning Objectives
around the world
established as the U.S. central bank
carry out the many tasks it must perform
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Learning Objectives
the dictates of governments is in carrying out effective money
and credit policy
Federal Reserve System influences the level and growth of
legal reserves and, ultimately, deposits and loans
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Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Introduction
• A central bank is a government agency that monitors the
operation of its financial system and controls the growth of the
nation’s money supply
commercial banks and securities dealers in carrying out their
essential public policy functions
• The U.S. central bank is the Federal Reserve System.
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The World’s Leading Central Banks
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Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
The Roles of Central Banks
Control of the money supply, which is closely linked to
economic activity and price inflation
Stabilizing the money and capital markets, by fostering their
development and ensuring a stable flow of funds through them
Lender of last resort for financial institutions squeezed by
severe liquidity pressures
Supervisor of the banking system
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The Roles of Central Banks
Maintaining and improving the payments mechanism a
smoothly functioning and efficient payments mechanism is
vital for business and commerce
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Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
The Goals of Central Banking
• Central banking in the U.S. and in most other nations is
directed toward the goals of:
Achieving maximum sustainable output and employment; and
Promoting stable prices.
growing list of nations have set inflationrate targets or target
ranges
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The Goals of Central Banking
• Through its influence over interest rates and the growth of the
money supply, the central bank is able to influence the
economy’s progress toward each of the goals
• However, the goals often conflict and tradeoffs have to be
accepted