avenge verb [trả thù cho ai / cho việc gì], revenge noun & verb [sự báo thù, sự trả thù] If you avenge a wrong or harmful act, you hurt or punish the person who did it Avenge is always a[r]
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ENGLISH CONFUSABLE WORDS 16 approve, approve of
If someone in authority approves a plan or action, they formally agree to it and say
that it can happen For example, if a committee approves a decision, it allows the
decision to be acted on
- At least the idea is now accepted and has even been approved by Parliament
- Benn was reluctant to approve projects in case they might not be commercially
viable
If someone in authority approves something such as a building or a product, they say
that they are satisfied with it and allow it to be used or sold For example, if a drug is
approved, doctors are allowed to treat patients with it
- premises which have been approved by the local authority
If you approve of an action or event, you are pleased that it has happened or is going
to happen
- I don’t like the whole idea, I didn’t approve of this meeting
- His return to the office was widely approved of
If you approve of a person or something such as a book or film, you like and admire
them
- ‘Do you think your father wil1 approve of me? ” the girl asked
- He did not approve of my pictures
argument, dispute
An argument is a disagreement between people who may or may allow each other
People are sometimes calm during an argurnent, but they can become angry
- He and David had been drawn into a ferocious argument
- Money is notorious for causing arguments in marriage
A dispute is a serious argument which can last for a long time Disputes often take
place between organizations, political parties, or countries When used as a noun,
dispute is pronounced /dispju:t/ or /d ɪspju:t/
- Disputes over land boundaries, water rights, and debts are commonplace
- A similar dispute divided the party in 1975
You can also talk about a dispute between individuals
- Their dispute raged for a week, Cindy becoming bitchier as it progressed
Dispute is also used as a verb If you dispute a fact or a claim, you state strongly that
you think it is wrong The verb dispute is pronounced /dispjuzt/
- Some learned historians today dispute his conclusions
- He disputed the legality of the invasion
arrive [ đến ], reach [ đến nơi, đạt đến ]
You use both arrive and reach to talk about coming to a particular place, often during
or at the end of a journey
If you have already mentioned the place you are travelling to, you can simply say you
arrive If you want to mention the place, you use arrive, followed by ‘at’ or ‘in’ and the place name
- He was nearly the last to arrive
- They were due to arrive at London Airport at about one o’clock
- That was how I came to arrive in Lexington
You can use arrive to emphasize being in a place rather thantravelling to it
- When I arrived in England I thought I knew English
Reach is always followed by a noun or a pronoun referring to a place
- The weather broke a few days after we reached Zermatt
- Guerrero knew that Flight Two would never reach its destination
You can use reach to emphasize the effort or the long journey required to get
somewhere
- To reach it in nine days might not be easy
Arrive at and reach can also be used to say that someone e ventually makes a decision or finds the answer to something
- It took us several hours to arrive at a decision
- They were unable to reach a decision
ashamed, embarrassed
If someone is ashamed, they feel guilty because they believe they have done something wrong or done something that other people will disapprove of They are afraid of moral disapproval
- She was too ashamed to tell the family of Oliver's crimes
- Inside, she felt ashamed about being a failure
- But almost as my temper flared, I felt ashamed of my lack of control
If someone is embarrassed, they feel upset because they think they have done something which makes them seem foolish They think that other people will laugh at them or criticize them if they find out They are afraid of social disapproval.
- ‘Did you check the engine?'—‘No,' Brody said, embarrassed
- I was extremely embarrassed that I had not learned a little Spanish before the trip
- She talked about how reluctant, even embarrassed, she had always been to express her deep feelings
ask for, demand
You use ask for when you are reporting requests When someone says that they want
to be given something, you report this using ask for For example, if a woman says ‘Can
I have an orange juice?’, you report this as ‘She asked for an orange juice’
- She asked for a drink ofwater
- No good artist who asked him for money was ever disappointed
- Robertson decided to ask for a job
You use demand when reporting that someone has asked for something in a very forceful way and is determined to get it For example, if a thief says ‘Hand over the money’, you report this as ‘He demanded the money’
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- They were demanding the resignation o fthe government
- the fear that women may demand equal rights
- The policeman demanded to see their identity cards
You can also use demand when you yourself are asking for something in a very
forceful way
- I demand to see a doctor
- ‘I demand to know the meaning of this!’ he screamed
- I demanded an explanation
- The car workers' union is demanding a seven percent pay rise this year
- He has always demanded the highest standards of behaviour from his children
- "And where do you think you're going?" demanded the police officer
- She demanded that he return the books he borrowed from her
assure, ensure, insure
If you assure someone that something is true, you tell them it is definitely true,
especially when they are worried or doubt that it is true You can also assure someone
of something, for example, a fact, your sincerity, or the importance of something
- He had been able to assure them that the schools would not close
- ‘You’re wearing perfume.’ — ‘I can assure you I’m not!’
- A top official summoned some Americans to his office to assure them of their safety
If you ensure that something happens, you do what is necessary to make it happen
Note that in American English, ensure can also be spelled insure
- The accounts department will ensure that your tax is paid
- Eating these foods ensures that they get enough vitamin C
- He would do whatever was necessary to ensure victory
In British and American English, insure is normally used to talk about protecting
against risks, if you insure your property, you pay money to an insurance company that
agrees to pay money to you if your property is lost, damaged, or stolen You can also
insure yourself
- Insure your baggage before you leave home
- If you bring your car you must have it insured against theft
- He insured himself against all eventualities
- The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft
- The role of the police is to ensure (that) the law is obeyed
- Their 2 –0 victory today has ensured the Italian team a place in the Cup
Final/ ensured a place in the Cup Final for the Italian team
avenge (verb) [ tr ả thù cho ai / cho việc gì ], revenge (noun & verb) [ s ự báo thù, sự trả thù ]
If you avenge a wrong or harmful act, you hurt or punish the person who did it
Avenge is always a verb You avenge a person who has been killed, avenge a murder,
or avenge yourself
- When a man was killed, it was his family’s duty to avenge him
- He muttered time and time again that he would avenge his father’s death
- … a cold blooded desire to avenge himself on all humanity
- He swore he would avenge his brother's death
- She determined to avenge herself on the killer
- At the end of the film, the murderer is killed by his victim's avenging girlfriend
If someone take revenge, or does something in revenge, they hurt someone because
that person has hurt them or someone they about Revenge is usually a noun
- What if Stein took revenge upon Breslow’s daughter?
- He will be safe from the dead man’s relative who seeks revenge
- I suppose a more sensual woman would have taken a lover in revenge
• Revenge is occasionally used as a verb If you revenge yourself on someone who has hurt you, you hurt them in return
- That was how he could revenge himself on those people who had mocked and robbed him
- She took/got/exacted (her) revenge on him for leaving her by smashing up his car
- He is believed to have been shot by a rival gang in revenge for the shootings last week
- Revenge is sweet (idiom) said when you feel satisfaction from harming someone who
has harmed you
avoid [tránh], evade [tr ốn tránh việc, tránh gặp…]
If something is unpleasant or causes you trouble, you can try to avoid it or evade it
If you avoid a place or a person, you do not go near them If you avoid doing
something, you do not do it, either because it is a bad thing to do or because you do not
want to do it If you avoid something such as illness or a problem, you take action in
order to prevent it affecting you
- Why have you been avoiding me?
- Try to avoid carrying more cash around with you than is necessary
- Human beings will avoid pain like any other animal
If you evade something such as a duty, you manage not to do it If you evade a problem, you do not deal with it If you evade someone, you do not let them catch you
or find you
- It might also be used as an excuse for evading our responsibilities
- Again Gordon evaded the question ‘I can’t tell you that.’
- Tim tried to hold her arm but she evaded him
- Just give me an answer and stop evading the question!
• Note that if you avoid tax, you find a legal way of paying less; if you evade tax, you
do not pay it when you should
- Most privateforest buyers are using it as a way of avoiding tax on large sums of money
- The real delinquents are people like you evading your tax
- The police have assured the public that the escaped prisoners will not evade recapture for long
- She leaned forward to kiss him but he evaded her by pretending to sneeze
- An Olympic gold medal is the only thing that has evaded her in her remarkable career
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