Cac cdng trinh kiln trfle Phat gilo d Thii Binh diu dugc kiln true theo kilu cd, tfl cdng tam quan (rieng ddi vdi' cdng trinh kiln true chfla, d tam quan cdng vao chfla ed 3 cua, thu[r]
Trang 1Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao VAN HOA DAO DLTC TON GlAO
-m -m-m
HONG CHaONG *
I hii Binh la tinh
ndng nghiep vflng
ddng bing Ble Bd
cd dien tfch dat tu nhidn
1.550km^ din so khoang
1,8 trieu ngudi Din nay
trdn dia ban tinh cd 770
ngdi chua nim tren 267 xa
phudng vdi tdng dien tfch
tu nhidn la 1.957.9o6m\ sd
chfla cd tang ni tru tri la
340 Cd 109 chfla dfloe
cdng nhan di tfch lich su
van hoa d p qud'c gia, 92
chua dugc chflng nhan di
tfch lich sir van hoa d p
tinh Dac bidt chfla Keo
dflgc cdng nhin la di tfch lich sfl dac biet d p
qud'c gia
Ngoai ra, trdn dia ban tinh cdn cd khoang
vai tram ngdi din thd d c ble thanh nhin va
danh tai cua tinh, hang tram ngdi dinh ciia
d c lang xa noi thd tu ciia nhan dan thdn
lang, la noi sinh hoat, cflng 11 ciia nhan dan
Nhin chung d c cdng trinh kiln true
Phat giao d Thai Binh ludn mang ban sic
ciia nln kien true cd mang dam da ban sic
ciia nln kinh tendng nghiep, ndng thdn, vfla
mang tfnh cd kfnh vfla mang tfnh linh
thidng Cd thi khii quit mdt sd net dac
trung sau day:
1 Ve lua chon dia diem, quy hoach mat
bang cdng trinh
LS hgi d chua Keo - Thai Binh Anh: CTV
Thai Binh cd mdt so dugc xay dung the ky
15 trd lai diy, da phan dugc xay dung vao nhflng thi ky sau nay (cd cdng trinh dflgc xay dung sdm nhu chua Thiln Quang, chiia Keo dugc xay dung tfl nhung nam 1061 ddi vua Ly Thanh Tdng) Tuy theo mflc do khae nhau cua mdi dia phuong, ma quy md ciia
d c edng trinh khae nhau Theo sir sach ghi lai hiu hit d c cdng trinh kiln true Phat giao d Thai Binh duoc xly dung d thdi nao cung vay deu dugc ban bae nhat tri trong nhan dan va dac biet la eac phat tu, dugc lua chgn va gidi thidu dia dilm xay dung d noi thoang mit, ydn tTnh, noi dd phai bao dam
cd vudn cay, cd ao, khdng khi trong lanh, 11 noi trung tam cua dia phuong, cd dudng
Cac cdng trinh kid'n true Phat giao d * Nguyen Gidm ddc Sd Xdy dung thihThdi Binh
Trang 2VAN HOA DAO DLTC TON GlAO
giao thdng thuan lgi de eac tang ni phat tfl
di lai cflng Id Quy md d c cdng trinh
thudng bd tri khoang Iha trd len, ed nhflng
cdng trinh ldn thi tdi 4,5ha
Nhin ehung cac cdng trinh kid'n trfle
Phat giao du to nhd nhung diu dugc bd trf
theo quy hoach chung dd la:
- Khu tam quan (thudng la 3 toa tam
quan) mdt sd chfla cd tam quan ngoai va
tam quan ndi
- Qua tam quan ed the din khu ao, vudn
cly
- Khu thd phung, nhilu cdng trinh thd
theo kilu tiln Phat ban Than
- Xung quanh khu vuc thd phung tuy
theo ttmg noi ed the xay mdt sd hang muc
edng trinh phuc vu cho cflng 11 vl ddn tilp
khich
2 Nhiimg net Icien true doc dao:
Cac cdng trinh kiln trfle Phat gilo d
Thii Binh diu dugc kiln true theo kilu cd,
tfl cdng tam quan (rieng ddi vdi' cdng trinh
kiln true chfla, d tam quan cdng vao chfla ed
3 cua, thudng cua gifla to, bai cua hai bdn
nhd hon, d tam quan thudng cd gac treo
chudng chua, khinh, trdng), dudng vIo
cdng trinh, thap chudng, hang muc quan
trgng la noi thd tu, khi budc vIo noi thd tu
cd sin t l 11, le dfldng, noi thd tu tuy tflng dia
phflong ma cd quy md to nhd khic nhau
nhimg diu chung nhl't la dugc xly dung vdi
ldi kiln true cd eua ndng thdn Viet Nam,
bao dam sir bin vflng eua cdng trinh vfla dep
vfla khoe tao dugc the can bing Noi thd tu
dugc phan d p thd theo be bae, cd tiln cung,
hau cung Trang tri ndi thit d tat ca d c bang
muc cdng trinh diu dugc cham khic tinh
xao, trang tri dd thd dugc bd tri bgp ly, mau
sic thudng dugc son son thiip vang llm tdn
vinh ve linh thieng cua cdng trinh Tuy trang
tri ndi that rat phuc tap nhung bai hoi,
khdng bi rdi mit Khi budc vao cdng trinh
mgi ngudi diu thay tdn nghidm, trang trgng
Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao
lam cho tinh than dugc sang khoai, tinh tam
Mdt sd edng trinh cd bia dl cd vdi nhung net van boa cham khic ddc dao cua van hoa
ll binh dang rdng sd'ng ddng udn lugn, diu
vl mdi rdng to dugc each dieu the bien ndi kbit khao cua dan chflng ciu mong eho mua thuan gid boi, mua mang tuoi td't, dan khang, vat thinh Mai d c cdng trinh diu dugc lgp bing ngdi ta 4 gde mli dao cong
dl tdn ve uy nghi cua cdng trinh
Kiln true cdng trinh Phat giao d Thai Binh cdn mang nhilu net ddc dIo cua kiln trfle cd, xin neu mdt so kiln true cdng trinh dac trflng dfldi day:
1 Kiln trfle cd chfla Keo: Chua ed ten la Thin Quang thd Thiln sfl Khdng Ld thugc dia phan xa Duy Nhat, huyen Vu Thu, Thai Binh, dugc Bd Van hoi The thaovl Du lich xlp hang Di tich lich sfl qud'c gia Dugc xay dung tfl 1061 thdi vua Ly Thanh Tdng, nam
1632, chfla Keo dugc tai tao xay dung lai tren khu dat rgng 58.000m^ vdi 21 hang muc cdng trinh va 157 gian Chfla Keo dflgc
bd cue theo kieu ndi cdng, ngoai qud'c va cd
4 cdng trinh chinh
- Khu tam quan bam sat 2 mat nln gdm
3 gian tam quan ngoai, 3 gian tam quan ndi
va cdng ta mdn, hflu mdn, tfldng hoa tru bilu ddi dien nhau qua mat hd xung quanh
ke da vl trdng cay xanh
- Qua tam quan din san ldn dd la chfla dng Hd (7 gian) dien Phat (3 gian) chua Phat (3 gian)
- Tilp dd la khu din Thinh toa gil roi (7 gian) Thidn huong (7 gian), Phuc qudc (3 gian), Thugng dien (3 gian) '
- Quan san nhd 11 glc chudng kieu chdng didm 3 ting cao II met
Vl kiln trfle cd the ndi chua Keo 11 mdt kiln true cd tidu bieu nhat: Khi vao chfla phii qua 2 cdng tam quan, dudng lit bing
da xanh rdng 2 met dudng dai tdi gin 340 met Cum kiln true chua Phat, cum kiln
Trang 3Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao VAN HOA OAO DQC TON GIAO
true nly lay thanh tinh, tinh khiet lam gde
gdm chfla Hd, dien Phat, chua Phat Kiln
trfle din thd Khdng Ld Thiln su, tfl diu
bing, dau ke ldn, con son, dau chdng ddu
cham khic tinh vi hinh rdng phugng Hinh
thflc kie'n true ddc dao ggi la: "tiln Phat,
hau than" Gac chudng chfla Keo la kiln
trfle hoan toan bing gd trfl may phien da ke
chin vl mai ngdi Glc chudng hinh gan
vudng cao 11 met vl 3 ting hit sflc dd so, 4
cgt d i cd dudng kinh 0,05m, cgt bidn din
tang 2 dugc dung theo phuong phip cd
truyin "thugng thu, ha thanh", cle ting diu
lam 4 mli gde cd diu dao cong Ciu thang
bing gd, sau hang lan can la he thd'ng bflc
ban Glc chudng treo mdt qua chudng dflc
vao nam 1689, net ddc dao kiln true gac
chudng chfla Keo 11 ky thuat ghep mdng,
bao dam sir chic chin va vung chai cua
cdng trinh, d 3 ting mli cua glc ehudng
cd mai cong mim, bd ndc dau dao cham
hinh loan phugng da each dieu, day 11 sing
tao trong kid'n true cd tidu bilu d ddng bing
Ble Bd Cac hang muc cdng trinh diu dugc
cham khic tinh xao nhu bd d n h cfla, bay
gde chua dng Hd cd sen che lung d hoi
rdng, he thd'ng 84 con son ndi, son ngoai
vdi d c dl tai long phi, long giang, long
cud'n, nghd ddi, nghd ganh xa la nhung tic
phim nghd thuat dac sic Cac dau du, chl'n
phong chfla Phat vdi d c cham khic long
quan, long d, tfl linh la nhung kid'n trfle cd
tinh xao vl didu khic Chfla Keo ed gan
100 pho tflgng cd, bin thd kilu xich ddng
cham khic tinh xao, nhflng sap thd ed hang
ngin boa tilt trang tri, nhflng khIm thd 3
ting cfla vdng da tao cho chua cd kiln trfle
ddc dao
2 Tren dia ban thanh phd Thai Binh cd
hang chuc ngdi chfla, din VI kid'n trfle cd
nhl't cd chua Doan Tuc, chua Tiln, chua Tfl
Xuyen cd quy md ldn, xin ndu may net ddc
dIo ctia chfla Doan Tuc Chua Doan Tue
nim tai phudng Tien Phong, thinh phd Thai
Binh La chfla cd nim trdn dia ban rdng rai
thoang mit, canh quan kien trfle dep Phia trudc cdng chfla la mdt bd nudc rdng llm cich biet bin ngdi chfla va dia gidi xung quanh He thd'ng tudng bao va toi tic mdn chdng diem sflng sung an ngfl mat tiln tao
ra ve trang nghiem cua kiln trfle ed Qua mli tam quan din vudn chua vl he thdng thap td tai vudn, chfla ed tfl thdi Ly va din thdi vua Tu Dflc chfla dugc trflng tu lai Chfla dflgc xay dung theo kieu "tiln nha't, hau dinh" gdm toa bii dudng 5 gian va nam gian chinh eung Phia Ddng chfla la he thd'ng thd td, nhi khich va khu tang xa, d c cdng trinh phu Phia Tay chua 11 he thd'ng thd Mlu Lilu Hanh va vudn chfla
Toa BII dudng cd 5 gian dugc xay theo kilu "Hdi van Ngu dau", d c he thd'ng keo llm theo kilu "thugng chdng dau sen, ha chdng rudng" dugc tram trd kha cdng phu nhu da'u sen, 11 lat, va d c loai hoa van thdi
cd xua 5 gian chfla chfnh dugc trang trf tuong tu, sang trgng, ndi thit dugc trang tri bdi d c bflc dai tu chfl Han, d c bd cua vdng, cau ddi gd treo tai d c hang cgt va d c ban thd, nhang an Ndi dung cham khic tai day diu theo d c dl tii nhu: tfl linh, long, lan, quy, phugng va tfl quy: thdng, cue, true, mai Phin leo vl phin trin d c bd cfla vdng dflgc the hidn cle dl tai nhfl: trfle hoi long, tflng hoa long chiu vIo bdng mai hoa mat nguyet, ky thuat cham khic rl't tinh xao Chua cdn bao lflu dugc nhilu hidn vat cd quy hilm thdi Ld
3 Chfla Can thude xa Ddng Duong, Ddng Hung chfla dugc xay dung tfl thdi Ld trai qua d c biln cd va thang trim cua lich sfl, chfla Cin cdn tdn tai din ngiy nay, diy
la mdt ngdi chfla cd cdn lai va tdn tao, gifl gin Ngoli vide thd Phat, noi day edn thd dflc Thanh Trin Ldi chinh vao chua cd cdng tam quan mai cong dao gudt, 2 bdn ta hflu cd 2 giai vu, mdi toa 5 gian kiln true theo kieu hdi van cinb bang Trong chfla chinh kiln true theo kieu tiln nhat hau dinh, toi ngoai 5 gian, toi trong 5 gian, bau
Trang 4VAN HOA DAO DLTC TON GIAO Tap Chi Cong tac Ton giao
cung 3 gian He thdng cgt chfla va 5 gian
mat tiln dflgc xly cudn vdm bing vat lieu
da, tfl chin tang, cd bdng, cgt bao, vdm
cud'n diu dugc che tac tfl dl nguydn khd'i
kich CO ldn Mat trudc cac cgt da soi chi
kep, khic d u dd'i, cae phan cdn lai dugc
cham khic hoa van "tfl quy" vdi nhflng
dfldng net sic sao Kid'n true ndi that, cae vi
keo llm kieu gil chidng, chdng rudng, ndc
cham hd phu, cac cdn bung cham hoa van
ky h i la lat va d c dl tai thdng - cue - trfle
- mai hoi rdng, net cham khic tinh khilt
khoe kholn Nhin chung chua 11 ngdi chua
ldn d Thii Binh dugc kiln trfle vdi khdi
Iflgng da kha ldn Chua edn dugc lflu gifl
nhilu tugng phip va dd t l ll cd cd gia tri
nha't la qua chudng ldn va d c tam bia dl cd
nidn dai bang tram nam
4 He thd'ng din va dinh cd d Thai Binh
rit nhilu, xin ndu kiln true cd d hai ngdi
din tim cd qud'c gia dd la din Tidn La
(Hung HI) vl din Ddng Bing (Quynh Phu)
- Din Tidn La d xa Doan Hflng - Hung
Ha thd ba Bat Nan tudng quan (nfl tudng
ciia Hai Ba Trung) Ngdi din cd quy md ldn,
dep long liy bao gdm nhilu cdng trinh:
cdng din, toi tiln tl, toi trung tl, thugng
dien, san den vudn din, nha khich Toi dien
bai dudng va thugng dien, san din, vudn
din, nha khaeh Toa bii dudng va thugng
dien duge kiln true gd tfl thilt duge tram trd
cdng phu nhu "long, lan, quy, phugng" dan
xeii vdi "thdng, cue, true, mai"
Cac he thd'ng y mdn, ciia vong, dai tu,
cudn thu, cau dd'i, dugc bai tri hii hoa, trang
nghidm Toa dien trung te dugc kiln true
hoan toan bing vat lieu da kl ca he thd'ng
cgt xl keo, dugc tram trd cdng phu nhu:
long vin, long quin, long qui'n thuy, long
chiu, dan xen tfl quy vdi tfl linh Kiln trfle
theo kieu "chdng diem, cd elc" la trung tam
kid'n true dep cd kfnh cua ngdi din Din cdn
lflu gifl dugc nhilu ky vat quy biem thdi Le
Din Ddng Bing thude xa An Ll
-Quynh Phu tren dien tich khoang 6ha vdi 13 toa 66 gian theo kilu kiln true "tiln nhi hau dinh" rat bl thi Cac mang kid'n true eua cdng trinh mim mai hai boa vdi cae dl tai tfl quy, tfl linh, elc be thd'ng rudng cgt, xa diu dugc cham khic hoa van cd Cac hoa tilt cham khic cua din la d c hoa tilt boa long, rdng cud'n thuy, sde nho, nhi thlp bit tfl, khi vao din tao cho du khaeh din vdi hoa
la, chim mudng, thidn nhien ra't huyIn thoai nhflng rl't dung di Din Ddng Bing mang dam phong each kiln true truyin thd'ng van boa ling xa Bic Bd De'n vdi din Ddng Bing ngudi ta khdng elm thay xa la vdi mdi trudng cua vung qud
Khdng thi ke bet elc cdng trinh kid'n trfle Phat gilo d Thai Binh dflgc, chi bie't ring Thai Binh la vflng dat cd truyin thd'ng van hiln Trai qua hang nghin nam lich sir,
d c the be tiln nhan xfla da dl lai tren manh da't Thii Binh bing ngan di tieh kiln true Phat gilo cd ed gia tri, dilu dd da chflng minh ddi sd'ng van hoi tinh than vl tam linh cua cdng ddng ling xa vflng qud lua ddng bing Ble Bd Ngiy nay trdn manh dat mlu
md phi nhidu nly, d c cdng trinh kid'n trfle Phat giao cd thudng xuydn duge tu bd vl gin gifl bao tdn vdi su quan tim cua cap uy va chinh quyln d c cap, su ddng gdp tich cue cua nhan dan Hy vgng edng tac Phat giao ndi chung va bao tdn d c cdng trinh kiln trfle cd Phat giao se dflgc quan tam hon Xin trfeh din su quan tam cua tinh Thai Binh vl cdng tie nay dd la trong bao d o chinh tri cua Ban Chap hinh, Dang bd Tinh trinh Dai hdi Dai bilu Dang bd tinh lan thfl XVIII (vao quy 4 nam 2010) phin phuong hudng nhiem vu phat triln sir nghiep van boa cd doan viit: "Tidp tuc diu tu va thu hut dau tu tdn tao, bio tdn d c di tich lich sfl van boa; tap trung hoan thinh mdt so di tich lich sfl van hoi trgng diem, gin vdi phit triln du lieh tam linh"a