there is one fundamental interest rate, known as the pure or . riskfree rate of interest , which is a component of all interest rates[r]
Trang 2The Determinants of
Interest Rates: Competing
Ideas
Trang 3McGrawHill/Irwin
Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
• To understand the important roles that interest rates play
within the economy
• To explore the most important ideas about what determines
the level of interest rates and asset prices within the financial
system
• To identify the key forces that economists believe set market
interest rates and asset prices into motion
Trang 4Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Introduction
• The acts of saving and lending, and borrowing and investing,
are significantly influenced by and tied together by the interest
rate
• The interest rate is the price a borrower must pay to secure
scarce loanable funds from a lender for an agreedupon time
period.
Trang 5McGrawHill/Irwin
Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Introduction
• Some authorities refer to the rate of interest as the price of
credit
• Interest rates send price signals to borrowers, lender, savers,
and investors.
• Whether higher interest rates increase or decrease savings and
investment depends on the relative strength of its effect on
supply and demand factors
Trang 6Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Functions of the Interest Rate in the Economy
• The interest rate helps guarantee that current savings will flow
into investment to promote economic growth
• It allocates the available supply of credit, generally providing
loanable funds to those investment projects with the highest
expected returns
• It brings the supply of money into balance with the public’s
demand for money
Trang 7McGrawHill/Irwin
Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Functions of the Interest Rate in the Economy
• The interest rate serves as an important tool for government
policy through its influence on the volume of savings and
investment
Trang 8Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Functions of the Interest Rate in the Economy
• To help uncover these ratedetermining forces, we assume that
there is one fundamental interest rate, known as the pure or
riskfree rate of interest, which is a component of all interest
rates
• The closest realworld approximation to this pure rate of
return is the market interest rate on government bonds
Trang 9McGrawHill/Irwin
Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
The Classical Theory of Interest Rates
• The classical theory argues that the rate of interest is
determined by two forces:
the supply of savings, derived mainly from households, and
the demand for investment capital, coming mainly from the business sector.
Trang 10Money and Capital Markets, 9/e © 2006 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
The Classical Theory of Interest Rates
Household Savings
• Current household savings equal the difference between
current income and current consumption expenditures
• Individuals prefer current over future consumption, and the
payment of interest is a reward for waiting.
• Higher interest rates encourage the substitution of current
saving for current consumption