phdn khdng tdo bqo vd ude mo cua nhirng ngudi ngheo khd. Ndng ddn mudn Idm cdeh mqng, Ld Tdn cung nhin thdy khd ndng vd hem lye dd thdng qua nhdn vdt A Q. Khi viet AQ Chinh truyen, L[r]
Trang 1HINH ANH CUOC CACH MANG TAN HOI
m e lACPHAriClliNU TRUYIN" GDA10 IAN
O ThS LYTHi Q U Y N H A N H *
Lo Tdn Id nhd vdn vTdqi Trung Qud'c ChCrng
kien euqc Cdeh mqng Tdn Hgi (xdy ra ndm
II 911) thdt bqi vi tfnh chd't «nua vdi", khdng
phyc vy eho quyen \g\ euo nhdn ddn, khdng bdo ve
Igi fch eho ngudi ndng ddn, dng dau x6t hm ra
nguyen nhdn vd phdn dnh the gidi quan cua minh
vdo sdng tde Tde phdm AQ chinh truyen ro ddi
ndm 1921, hinh dnh cuqc edch mqng ndy dugc
dng dyng Iqi mdt cdeh rd net, sinh ddng thdng quo
cuqc edch mqng d Idng Mui
1 «B6ng ddng" cua cugc each mqng Tan Hgi
Cdeh mqng Tdn Hgi nd ra vdo ndm 1911 do
giai cdp tu sdn Trung Qude Idnh dqo, dugc ddng
ddo qudn chung tham gia Nhung do dudng Id'i
cdc^ mqng khdng dung ddn, lye lugng eua bdn
thdn giai cdp tu sdn yeu dudi; cd lien he tdi de
qud'c ve kinh te, kT thudt vd ehfnh tri, cd mdu
thudn vdi de qude, nhung Iqi sg de qude, vd
nhdt Id nudi do tudng ddi vdi qudn chung,
nen dd euqc cdeh mqng dd thd't bqi Khi khdi
nghTa vua ndi len, ehfnh quyen cdeh mqng tuyen
b d cdng nhdn td't ed dieu ude euo nhd Thanh kf
vdi de qude, khdng ddm dd'u tranh gidnh Iqi
quyen loi cua ddn toe Cdn dd'i vdi bqn phong
kien, nhirng ngudi edch mqng Iqi khdng kien
quyet dd thdc hiep vd nhugng bq bqn quan Iqi
Cd the ndi, bdng ddng cua cuqc cdeh mqng the
hien rdt ro net trong tdc phdm AQ chinh truyen
Cdnh «dqi dodn vien" bi thdm cua A Q cung trd
thdnh tdt yeu, bdi vi cuqc cdeh mqng dd thye
chd't chi Id sy «th6a hiep" vdi the lye phong kien
Do do, do A Q cd tha thiet mudn dugc ldm «edeh
mqng" den mdy thi rdt cuqc cung bj «edch mqng"
heu diet
Trong AQ chinh truyin, sy kien «edch mqng"
dugc Idng Mui biet den hnh h> «td'i hdm mudi
bdn sang ngdy rdm thdng chin nien hieu Tuyin
thdng ndm thu ba, tuc Id hdm AQ bdn cdi rudt
tuqng eho ehu Trieu Bqch Nhdn " Tuy nhien cd
Idng chdng ai biet sy kien dd thyc chd't Id gi, chi
biet rdng: «Vdo hdi canh ba, lue bdn gid, mdt
chiec thuyin vdn, mui den, khd to ghe vdo bi'n
trudc nhd cy Trieu gida luc dim khuya trdi tdi
md md, ddn Idng dang ngu say, khdng ai hay bii't gi hit Vd chua md sdng thi chiec thuyen dd rdi khdi ben, chi cd mdy ngudi trdng thdy md
^di Sau lue dd dd la, thdm thi thdm thyt cung nhau khd Idu, ngudi ta mdi biet rang: chinh cai thuyin nhd cy Cu" Sy xud't hien cdi thuyen nhd
cy Cu dd khien ed Idng Mui lo du, ngay trua hdm sou cd Idng nhdn nhdo, mqi ngudi bdn tdn
xdn xao, ddn dqi rdng: «Bqn each mqng sdp vdo
huyen, nen cy Cu ehqy vi Idng Idnh nqn" Roi mqi ngudi xoay qua chuyen cy Cu ve Idng Mdi ngudi ndi mdt phdeh, thim Bdy thi bdo chi ed may hdm qudn do cu, trin cy Cu gui xudng nhd gid hd, nhung cy Trieu khdng nhdn vd gid Iqi ngay ngudi ta Iqi bdo nhau: Hinh nhu cy Cu khdng vi, nhung cy cd viet mdt buc thu rdt ddi
de Idm thdn vdi cy Cd, cy Cd Idng ta cung da nghT Iqi Lgi ed ke ndi vi tin tue bqn each mqng
Id «Chinh tdi hdm qua chung nd dd vdo huyen rdi " Thdm thi rdi ddn dqi, chuyen cy Cu, cdi
thuyen, mdy cdi hdm, rdi chuyen cdeh mqng dudng nhu ehdng dn nhdp gi nhau Nhung dung
Id tCr hdm dd khdng khf trong Idng Mui ed thay ddi thdt, ed mdt cuqc each mqng dien ro d Idng
Mui thdt
Cuqc cdeh mqng den Ddu hieu cua nd trong
sy am hieu eua ngudi ddn Idng Mui rdt mo hd Dja ehu lo sg, ngudi ddn nhdn nhdo hoang mang,
hq eho rdng cdeh mqng cd nghTo Id «eaeh me
cdi mqng", Idm cdeh mqng cd nghTo Id «ldm gide" Hq edn mieu td, «bqn edch mqng" md hq
nhin thdy Id: «Chu ndo ehu dy, do gidp bqch, mu
bqch, dn ban trdng todt mdt loqt de tang cho vua Sung Chinh" (nhdn vdt Sung Chfnh ehfnh Id Sung
Trinh - dng vua cudi cung eua nhd Minh bj tu nqn) Trong y nghi euo ddn Idng M u i , cuqc edch mqng chi Id mot euqc chfnh bien, vuong trieu ndy ddnh vuong trieu kio de len trj vi md thdi Hq eho rdng nhirng ngudi ldm cdeh mqng ung hd
#
* Truding Cao dang sir pham Thai Nguyen
Tap chi Giao due so 2 5 8 (ki a • 3/aoi D
Trang 2nhd Minh Idt dd vua nhd Thanh nen mdi de tang
eho vua Sung Chfnh Cuqc edch mqng den lue ndo
khdng ai biet rd, den rdi mqi ngudi cung chdng
biet dd Id gi Bqn «thu iTnh" cdeh mqng d Idng Mui
cung bdt ddu voi trd eua minh bdng hdnh ddng
rdt «vd vdn" Id dem dudi som eudn vdng quanh
tren dinh ddu vd Igi dyng co hgi nhdp nhem de tu
Igi (thdng qua hinh tuqng «Tdy gid")
Ld Tdn dd nhdn ra tinh chdt «nua vdi" eua
cuqc cdeh mqng Tdn Hgi Ong nhdn ro rdng cuqc
cdeh mqng ndy khdng ddp irng dugc sy trdng
dgi cua ngudi ddn, vi ddy Id sy edu ket, thdo
hiep giira giai cdp tu sdn vd the lue phong kien
Ldo «Tdy g i d " vd cdu Tu vdn dr ehdng uo gi nhau,
nhung tu khi «cdch mqng" nd ra, Iqi dang «cung
nhau muu euqc duy tdn" ndy, hoi dng bdng dung
thdnh ra thdn mdt, trd chuyen rdt tdm ddu y hgp
nhu «hai ddng chi" Hai dng cdn hen hd nhau
cung di Idm «cdch mqng"; rdi cung den chiio
Tinh Thu vd bdt ddu nhCrng «hdnh ddng cdeh
mqng" euo minh Chung ddp ndt bdi vj d giua
chua, dung bo toong bd xudng ddu su bd vd Id'y
di cdi lu huong Tuyen Due xua nay vdn de thd
trudc tugng Dire Quan Am Ldm xong viee «hai
nhd each mqng" ro ve, de Iqi ndi «thdt kinh" cho
su bd vd ed tieu
Ld Tdn mieu td «thdnh qud" md cuqc cdeh
mqng dem Iqi thdt nyc cudi, vd nghTa: «Cdch
mqng dd vdo huyen nhung chdng cd gl thay ddi
khde trudc Quan huyen vdn Id quan huyen cd,
chdng qua bdy gid gqi Id quan gi gl dy, cy Cu
cung Idm quan gl gl dy! Nhdng chuc tude mdi, d
Idng Mui chang ai hieu gl hit Cdn dng Idnh binh
thi vdn Id dng Idnh binh ngdy trudc" Tdt ed vdn
nguyen si nhu cu, thdm chi trong dd edn «cd mdy
ngudi cdeh mgng khdng tdt xen vdo Idm rdi logn
cd lin" Khdng nhung vdy, cuqc cdeh mqng edn
chd't ehdng them nhieu noi bi ddt eho ngudi ndng
ddn - tir hi vqng mo hd, khien hq hdm hd, rdi rdt
cuqc Iqi bj giet chet (nhu AQ)
2 Hinh dnh nhan yqt A Q
Nhdn vdt A Q chinh Id hinh dnh «dqi dien cho
sy mo hd" euo ngudi ddn Trung Qud'c trong cuqc
cdeh mqng Tdn Hgi Tir ddu den cudi, tir lue ed
cdeh mqng d Idng Mui den luc cdeh mqng «hen
hdnh" xong, chinh quyen mdi len ndm quyen vd
mong A Q di chdt ddu, y vdn khdng hieu cdeh
mqng Id gi vd chua dugc Idm each mqng chut
ndo (thdm ehi A Q liic ddu rdt ghet cdeh mqng)
Chdng biet vi ddu, chi biet «trong ddu dcydd cd
sdn maty kie'n"cho rdng: «Ldm edch mgng tuc Id
Tap chi Giao due so 2 5 8 (ki a - 3/aoii)
ldm gide, md Idm gide tuc Id bdo hgi y" Nhung
ve sou, A Q Iqi thdy cy Cu «ddnh gid" phdi ng edch mqng, «hudng nua Id y Igi thdy Id ddn dng,
ddn bd khdn ngn d Idng Mui cudng quyt ed lin
n / i u v g / " t h i y Id'y Idm khodi ehi Idm Y nghT bung
«Cdeh mgng cung hay! Cdeh cdi mgng Id chung
nd di! Ghet qud di mdt! Gidt qud di mdt! Td, td
se di ddu hdng cdeh mgng"
Ngudi ndng ddn bj ddm chim trong ngdn ndm
dd hd eua phong kien, bj dp buc bde lot, bj rdng budc bdi ede le gido phong kien ed hu vd tdn nhdn nen hq mong chd mdt sy «ddi d d i " d mdt euqc each mqng Id mdt nguyen vqng ehfnh ddng Hon ai het, Lo Tdn dd nhin thd'y nguyen vqng dd
d ngudi ndng ddn Bdng hinh dnh eua «ehu A Q " ,
Lo Tdn dd ehi ra cdm nhdn euo ngudi ndng ddn
ddi vdi cdeh mqng Sou khi quyet djnh di «ddu
hdng cdeh mgng", A Q lien tudng ngay rdng y Id
ngudi euo cdeh mqng vd cd bqn ddn Idng Miii
dd trd thdnh «tu binh" euo y Ldm edch mqng ed
nghTo Id «/dm gide", md dd «ldm gide" thi dut
khodt cy ed hq Trieu, thdng «Tdy g i d " , nhi/ng
ke xua nay dd tirng dp birc, de nen, dqo nqt
A Q se phdi sg y Y quyet khdng tho thdng ndo
ed A Q eho rdng cdeh mqng ed nghTo Id «cdc'h
me cdi mgng" Ben cqnh d d , A Q cung y thue
dugc rdng, Idm cdeh mqng cd nghTo Id dugc Idm nhCrng gi minh mudn A Q se dugc tjeh thu het tdt ed tdi sdn cua cy ed hg Trieu, cy ed hq Tien, cua nhirng toy soi dja chu gidu ed nhd't
trong Idng Mui «Dd dgc thi vdo thang nhd cy
Cd phd ngay cdi ruong ra xem tiin ddng, vdng bgc do sa md trudc hit phdi khudn ngay cdi giudng Hdng Kdng cua Mg Tu vi din Thdd cdi dd Ngodi ra, cdn bg bdn ghi'nhd
hg Tien, cung chuyen vi ndt " Dd Id y nghi
phdn khdng tdo bqo vd ude mo cua nhirng
ngudi ngheo khd Ndng ddn mudn Idm cdeh mqng, Ld Tdn cung nhin thdy khd ndng vd hem lye dd thdng qua nhdn vdt A Q
Khi viet AQ Chinh truyen, Ld Tdn dd ed tu
tudng cdeh mqng ddn ehu Ld ngudi yeu nude, thuong ndi, dng ludn mudn dung vdn hqc de cuu nude, eiru ddn toe Khi nghe thdy ed cuqc cdeh mqng Tdn Hgi xdy ro tren ddt nude minh, dng rdt mung, hi vqng se ed sy ddi mdi tren que huong dng Nhung dng dd hodn todn thdt vqng Ngay trong hnh thdn phdn khdng euo A Q cung chua phdi Id tinh thdn phdn khdng cd phuang hudng vd dudng Id'i rd ret A Q tudng tugng khi
(Xem tii'p trang 20j
Trang 3Ngodi ro, cdn ddnh mdt thdi lugng nhd't djnh
trong hqc phdn de td chuc RL eho SV kl ndng:
Viet chu dep, viet bang, trinh bdy bdng, dung
Idp, cdc thu thudt khi len Idp vd ddc biet Id kl
ndng xu li cdc tinh hud'ng SP trong thyc te ; ehu
trqng phuong phdp ty hqc vd ty nghien cuu tdi
lieu eua SV; yeu edu hq edn hr trau ddi kien thirc
vd kl ndng eho ehfnh minh, ty thye hdnh d nhd vd
ty hm kiem tdi lieu de c6 nhieu thdng tin hen
nCra; thorn khdo tdi lieu lien quan tdi mdn hqc tCr
nhieu ngudn: thdy ed, bqn be, sdeh bdo, internet
Ben cqnh d d , cung cdn xem xet den viee tdng
them thdi lugng gidng dqy hqc phdn RLNVSPTX
cd tren Idp vd dudi trudng phd thdng de SV cd
dieu kien thue hdnh nhieu hon trong cdc gid
RLNVSP Dieu ndy se giup hq tiep xuc vdi kien
thire If thuyet mdt cdeh de ddng hem, nhanh hon,
hieu qud hen; ed sy bqo dqn, ty tin, linh hoqt
hon khi dung tren bye gidng vd trong viee x u li
cdc hnh hudng SP
4) Cdng tde kiem tra, ddnh gid hgc phdn
Cho tdi nay, trong chuong trinh dqy hqc theo
nien che, viee ddnh gid vdn thien ve ddnh gid
theo kT ndng, chua cd ddnh gid theo hqc phdn,
do dd gidng vien gdp phdi khdng ft khd khdn khi
kiem tra vd ddnh gid viee RLNVSP cua SV Vi
the, edn xdy dyng quy trinh ddnh gid hgp If, ddm
bdo ddnh gid dugc mdi ed nhdn trong viee thyc
hdnh Krng kTndng nghiep vy cung nhu phdn dnh
dugc khdeh quan ndng lye NVSP euo SV Dieu
ndy cung gdp phdn thay ddi nhdn thuc euo SV
ve viee hqc tdp hqc phdn
5) Thdi lugng hgc tap vd RLNVSPTX Tren
thye te, sd lugng het hqc ddnh eho hqc phdn cdn khd ft, mdi kT ndng cung chi dugc thyc hdnh trong mot sd tiet nhd't dinh Viee tdng thdi lugng cho hqc phdn NVSP ddp ung dugc nhung hqn che tren vd khien eho viee RL NVSP ngdy edng dugc ndng cao hen
««»
Tdm Iqi, RLNVSP thudng xuyen eho SV su phqm ed vai trd rdt quan trqng hong viee ddo tqo nghe nghiep cho gido vien ndi chung vd GVTH ndi rieng trong tuang lai Tuy nhien, thyc te hien nay eho thd'y viee dqy vd hoc NVSPTH d hudng
su phqm vdn edn gdp khdng ft khd khdn; vi the rdt edn cd them nhirng nghien eiru chuyen sdu ve nhiem vy ndy nhdm gdp phdn ndng cao hieu qud dqy hoc hqc phdn ndy cung nhu hieu qud qud trinh ddo tqo gido v i e n • •
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Duong Giang Thien Hirong (chu bien) Giao trinh
ren luyen nghiep vu supham tieu hoc NXB Dgi hgc
suphgm, H 2009
2 Nguyen Viet Bac (chiJ bien) Ren luyen nghiep vu
sirpham thuong xuyen NXB Gido due, H.20O7
3 NguySn Thi Van Anh "Thuc trang cong tac ren luyen nghiep vu su pham thucmg xuyen cua sinh vien Ichoa Giao due tieu hoc - Trircmg Dai hoc su pham
Ha Noi" (Cong trinh NCKH) 20ll)
Binh flang gidi
(Tii'p theo trang 13)
Cd the thdy rdng, gido dye d Viet
Nam giai doqn 2002-2008 dd ed
sy binh ddng ve gidi Dieu dd the
hien qua h le biet ehu euo nam vd
nir tren phqm vi ed nude, ti le di
hoe chung euo nam vd nir d bdc
TH, THCS, THPT cung nhu h le dqt
bdng cdp cao nhd't eua nu gidi so
vdi nam gidi d tdt cd cdc cdp hqc,
bde hoc Ddy Id mot trong nhung
myc heu cua Viet Nam nhdm tien
tdi mdt xd hdi cdng bdng, ddn ehu
vd vdn minh •
(1) Tran Thi Van Anh - Le Ngoc Hung
Phu nu", gidi va phat trien NXB Phu
ml, H.2000
Hinli anh cuoc each mang Tan Hoi
f7/ep theo trang 29)
md di «ldm gide" thi «tyi ddn Idng Mui khdn nqn se quy rdn
rat xudng van xin: «AQ tha chit eho tdi di! Nhung ai nghe chung nd! Thdng cu D, ddng tdi chit trudc Rdi cy edhq Trieu,
ed ldo Tu nda, cd thdng «Tdy gid" nua ed nin tha eho thang ndo khdng nhi? Ke ra Ida Vuong Rdu Xdm fhl tha ra cung chdng hi gl, nhung bdt tdt" Tdt cd nhOng nhqn thue cua A Q
ve each mqng, ke cd nhung suy nghi dd'i vdi ngudi cung cdnh ngd nhu minh cung du chung td euqc cdeh mqng Tdn Hgi thye
sy thieu hnh gide ngd ddi vdi qudn chOng nhdn ddn, thodt li vdi qudn chung nhdn ddn, thdm chf cdn cdu ket vdi phong kien, idm dieu dung them so phdn vd'n dd bi ddt cua ngudi
ndng ddn.G
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Phuong Luu L6 Tan, nha U luan van hoc NXB Gido due H.1997
2 Luong Due Trung "Van hoc Viet Nam a Trung Quo'c"" Tgp chi' Vdn hoc, so 3/1973^
Tap ehi Giao due s6 2 5 8 (ki a • 3/aon)