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Trang 1
Trang
II pháp giúp sinh " #$ câu '& (& 4
3.2 W JX Y VÀ [C TRÚC =]^@ _6 TRONG " ` a CÂU 24
3.2.1 go up/ rise/ increase /fall/ decrease/ decline/drop N: rise/
Trang 23 W JX :a@ @l PHÁP, Y VÀ [C TRÚC =]^@ _6 TRONG " `
a CÂU.
3.1 W JX :a@ @l PHÁP =]^@ _6 TRONG " ` a CÂU
3.1.1
và
3.1.1.1 This is the first time S have/has + (ever) + Vpp/ Ved + (O)/ Adv
S have/ has never Vpp Vpp/ Ved + (O)/ Adv … before
Example:
This is the first time I have seen him
I have ………
I have never seen him before
3.1.1.2 The last time + S + past simple……was + time + ago/ in+ time
S + have/ has + not + Ved/Vpp………for/ since + time
Example:
The last time she visited us was two years ago
She hasn't ………
She hasn't visited us for two years
! không có ago mà có when + ' () thì + nguyên ' () $ - ( when thành since
3.1.1.3 S + last + past simple …… time + ago /in + time/ when + S + past simple
S + have/ has + not + Ved/Vpp………for/ since + time
Example:
I last saw him when I was a student
I have not………
I haven't seen him since I was a student
01 này có 2 :
! không có ago mà có when + ' () thì + nguyên ' () $ - ( when thành since
3.1.1.4 S + began/ started + V-ing/ To V … in+time/ time+ago/ when S + past simple
S + have/has + Ved/3……… since/ for + time
have/ has + been + V-ing……
I started / began studying English 3 years ago
I have………
I have studied English for 3 years / I have been studying English for 3 years.
! không có ago mà có when + ' () thì + nguyên ' () $ - ( when thành since 3.1.1.5 It’s + time + since + S + (last) + past simple
S + have/ has + (not) + Ved/Vpp…… for + time
Example:
It's ten years since I last met him
I have not………
I haven't met him for ten years
3.1.1.6 When did + S + V 0 …….?
How long is it since + S + past simple… ?
Trang 3have/ has + S + Ved/Vpp… ?
Example
When did you buy it ?
How long ………
How long have you bought it?
3.1.1.7 It/this/that is the + Adj (superlative) + S + have + ever + Ved/Vpp
S + have/ has + never + Ved/Vpp + such (a/ an) + Adj + N + (before)
This is the most delicious cake I’ve ever tasted
I have ………
I have never tasted such a delicious cake before.
3.1.1.8 This is the first time + S + have + Ved/Vpp + ……
S+be + not used to + Ving/N
This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie
I was not used………
I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie.
3.1.2 Cách
Although/ though + Clause
Despite / in spite of + N/ Ving
Các công >$ 3 ! ( ? ' () sang $@ ? A sau:
3.1.2.1 Although/ though + S + V, S’ + V’ (S=S’)
Despite/ in spite of + Ving, S’ + V’…….
Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time
Despite / in spite of ………
Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time.
2.1.2.2 Although/ though + the+N + be + Adj, S’ + V’
Despite/ in spite of + the adj + N, S’ + V’…….
Although the rain was heavy, they enjoyed their game
Despite/ in spite of ………
Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, they enjoyed their game.
3.1.2.3 Although/ though + personal Pronoun + be + Adj, S’ + V’
Despite/ in spite of + possessive adjective + N, S’ + V’…….
Although He was sick,
=> Despite / in spite of his sickness,
3.1.2.4 Although/ though + personal Pronoun + V + adv, S’ + V’
Despite/ in spite of + possessive adjective + adj+N, S’ + V’…….
Although He behaved impolitely,
=> Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior ,
3.1.2.5 Although/ though + there be+(a/an)N , S’ + V’
Despite/ in spite of + a/an + N, S’ + V’…….
Although there was an accident ,
=> Despite / in spite of an accident,
3.1.2.6 Although/ though + it + be + Adj (weather), S’ + V’
Despite/ in spite of + the adj + N(weather), S’ + V’…….
Trang 4Although it was rainy,
=> Despite / in spite of the rain, ………
Foggy => fog (
Snowy => snow 6 !7
Rainy => rain 6A7
Stormy => storm ( bão)
3.1.2.7 L AH pháp $M cùng $N là AH pháp O P : thêm the fact that AQ$ '
()
L AH pháp này áp @ (AR$ cho S câu mà khôgn $U phân tích xem nó W$ 1 này, tuy nhiên
trên
the fact that
áp @ khi ] câu quá >$ 2 mà không có cách nào 3 ! ( 0W A_ R khác mà các em có
Although he behaved impolitely,
Despite / in spite of the fact that he behaved impolitely,
3.1.2.8 Although/ though + S + V + Adj /adv, S’ + V’
However+ adj/adv +S+V… , S’ + V’…….
Driving at that spees is dangerous although you are an experienced driver or not
However
However experinced a driver you are// you are as a driver, driving at that speed is dangerous
3.1.2.9 Although/ though + S + V + Adj /adv, S’ + V’
adj/adv +as/though+S+V… , S’ + V’………
I don’t really like her, even though I admire her achievements
a0$ ………
34 as I admire her achievements, I don’t really like her.
3.1.3 THE CONDITIONAL(CÂU D EC F G@H
3.1.3.1 Conditional type 1
a @ & câu là: (Don’t )V…….or S will/can(not) infinitive :
If S1 present simple, S2 will/can(not) infinitive
Example:
1 Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson
a If ……… ….………
If you don’t stop talking, you won’t understand the lesson.
2 Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes
If………
If you are impatient, you will make mistakes.
b S1 will/can infinitive; S2 will/can(not) infinitive :
If S1 present simple, S2 will/can(not) infinitive
Example: He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car
If………
If he pays me tonight, I will have enough money to buy a car.
c Use UNLESS IF ……NOT
Trang 5EX:
1 If you do not study hard, you will fail the exam
Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam
2 If you do not like this one, I’ll bring you another
Unless………
d If S1 present simple, S2 will/can (not) infinitive
Provided that/ As long as/ So long as S1 present simple, S2 will/can (not) infinitive
1 If we try hard, we can finish it in a week
Provided ………
Provided that we try hard, we can finish it in a week.
2 Provided your hand writing is legible the examiner will accept your answer
As long as the examiner ………
So long as the examiner ………
So long as the examiners can read your handwriting, they will accept your answer.
e If S1 present simple, S2 will/can (not) infinitive
Should S infinitive, S2 will/ can(not) infinitive
Example:
If you find it necessary, you can contact me on this number
aShould ………
3 you find it necessary, you can contact me on this number.
3.1.3.2 Conditional type 2
a S1 present simple/could/would infinnitive, because S2 present simple
If S1 past simple, S2 could/would infinitive
! trong câu có because, so (= that’s why) thì g 3h 6(] if vào $ because , còn so (= that’s why) thì AR$ 2 7
Peter is fat because he eats so many chips
a ……… …
If Peter did not eat so many chips, he would not be fat.
b S1 + present simple, so S2 could/ would (not)/ present simple
If S1 past simple, S2 could/would (not) infinitive
They don't go to the cinema, so they don't know anything about new movies and actors
If ………
If they knew something about new movies and actors, they would go to the cinema.
c If S1 past simple, S2 could/would (not) infinitive
Were S1 (+ to V) O… , S2 could/would (not) infinitive
The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money
aWere ………
aWere it not for the money, the job wouldn’t be worthwhile.
3.1.3.3 Conditional type 3
a S1 + past simple, so S2 could/ would (not)/ past simple
If S1 had Vpp, S2 could/would have Vpp
My husband didn’t leave the keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station
If my husban………
b S1 past simple/could/would infinnitive, because S2 past simple/ past perfect
If S1 had Vpp, S2 could/would have Vpp
We got lost in the jungle because we didn't have a map
If we had
c - If S1 had Vpp, S2 could/would have Vpp
Trang 6- S1 past simple/could/would infinnitive, because S2 past simple/ past perfect.
- It was N that + past simple+…………
But for + N/Ving,………
Had S (not) Vpp/Ved… , ………
Example
It was his incompetence that led to their capture
If ……….
Had it………
But for……….
If it had not been for his incompetence, they would not have been captured.
d Without + Ving/ N, S will/ would/ could + ………
If conditional type 2/ type 3
If he had not helped, I would not have been able to find my way
Without………
Without his help, I would not have been able to find my way.
3.1.4 PASSIVE VOICE
3.1.4 1 Somebody + want/ like/expect + someone to do something
Somebody + want /like/expect + something + to be done
EX:
Our teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully
Our teacher wants our lessons to be prepared carefully
They expected me to finish my work early
They expected my work to be finished early.
3.1.4.2
Somebody + agree/arrange/determine/decide + to do something
Somebody + agree/arrange/determine/decide + that something + should be + done
EX:
She decided to rebuild the house
She decided that the house should be rebuilt
3.1.4.3 Something + need(s) + doing (also: want+ v-ing/require+v-ing)
Something + need(s) + to be done (also: want+ to be done/require+to be done)
EX:
The house needs cleaning (passive meaning) These flowers require watering.
The house needs to be cleaned These flowers require to be watered.
The lesson doesn’t need to be prepared The chickens need to be fed
The lesson doesn’t need preparing
3.1.4.4 A PRESENT MEANING
people + think/expect/believe/estimate/say/report/suppose/hope/declare/rumour + that + some one + do something (active)
PASSIVE
Trang 7TYPE 1 It is that S + do something
PASSIVE
thought expected believed estimated said reported supposed hoped declared rumoured
to do something
EX:
1 People think that he drives dangerously (active)
It is thought that he drives dangerously (type 1)
He is thought to drive dangerously (type 2)
2 People believe that he is a good teacher
It is believed that he is a good teacher (type 1)
He is believed to be a good teacher (type 2)
3 People believe that this new teaching method is more effective than the old one
This new teaching method ……….
This new teaching method is believed to be more effective than the old one.
6l) thi TN THPTQG o 2015)
B PAST MEANING
people + think/expect/believe/estimate/say/report/suppose/hope/declare/rumour + that + someone + did something (active)
PASSIVE
PASSIVE
thought expected believed estimated said reported supposed hoped declared rumoured
to have done something
EX:
People think that he drove dangerously (active)
It is thought that he drove dangerously (type 1)
He is thought to have driven dangerously (type 2)
People believed that he is a good teacher (active)
It is believed that he was a good teacher (type 1)
He is believed to have been a good teacher (type 2)
NOTE:
It’s your duty to do something
You are supposed to do something
Trang 8It’s your duty to lock all the doors
You are supposed to lock all the doors
3.1.4.5
Somebody + see/make/let + someone + do + something (active)
Someone is seen/made + to do something (passive)
Someone is let + do something (passive) but we often say: someone is (not) allowed to do something
EX:
He made me stay outside yesterday (active)
I was made to stay outside yesterday
The teacher let us go home early last week (active)
We were let go home early by the teacher last week.
often: We were allowed to go home early by the teacher last week.
I saw the thief climb the wall (active)
The thief was seen to climb the wall.
3.1.4.6
Somebody + have + someone + do something
Somebody + get + someone + to do something
Somebody + have + something + done
"To get someone to do something" suggests that you talked to the person and convinced him to
do something.
"To have someone do something" simply states that you arranged for someone to do
something, whether or not that person did it voluntarily.
Example
He had his waiter carry the luggage home.
He had the luggage carried home by the waiter
I got the postman to post the letter for me.
I had the letter posted for me by the postman.
3.1.4.7
Don’t do something (active) something mustn’t be done
It’s impossible to do something (active) something can’t be done
It’s possible to do something (active) something can be done
Example
Don’t touch this switch
This switch mustn’t be touched
It is impossible to do this
This can’t be done
3.1.4.8
Somebody + advise/ beg/ urge/ recommend someone to do something (active)
Cách 1: someone is advised/ begged/ urged/ recommended to do something
Cách 2: somebody advise/ beg/ urge/ recommend that something should be done
EX: He advised me to sell the car
I was advised to sell the car
He advised that the car should be sold
3.1.4.9
Somebody + agree/ arrange/ determine/ decide/ is determined/ is anxious +to do
something (active)
Trang 9Somebody + agree/ arrange/ determine/ decide/ is determined/ is anxious + that
something should be done
EX: She decided to rebuild the house
She decided that the house should be rebuilt
3.1.4.10
Somebody + insist/ advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + doing something (active) Somebody insist/ advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest that something should be done
Example
He suggested selling the radio
He suggested that radio should be sold
They advised enlarging the garden
They advised that the garden should be enlarged.
3.1.4.11
Example
Turn on the lights
The lights should be turned on
Open your book, please!
Let your book be opened, please!
3.1.5 INVERSION
3.1.5.1
( Inversion in nagative sentences)
a
Hardly (ever)
Barely
Scarcely (ever) + Inversion
Rarely
Never again/ before
Never
Seldom
Little
Example:
1 You can hardly/barely/scarcely see anyone wear a hat nowadays
Barely/ Hardly/ Scarcely………
Barely/ Hardly/ Scarely can you see anyone wear a hat nowadays.
2 Such a situation should never be allowed to arise again
> Never ………
> Never again should such a situation be allowed to arise.
3 The thief little realized that the police had thrown a cordon around the bank
> Little ………
Little did the thief realize that the police had thrown a cordon around the bank.
4 This remedy rarely failed
> Rarely did this remedy fail
5 I had never before been asked to accept a bribe
>Never before had I been asked to accept a bribe.
Trang 10b
Not + noun phrase
Not + till + phrase + Inversion
Not + until + clause
Example
1 She didn’t shed a tear even though the story ended in tragedy
> Not a tear did she shed even though the story ended in tragedy.
2.The whole truth didn’t become known until many years later
> Not until many years later did the whole truth become known.
3 I didn’t realize how difficult the exercise was until I was half way through it
> Not until I was half way through the exercise did I realize how difficult it was.
4 He didn’t realize that he had lost it till he got home
> Not till he got home did he realize that he had lost it.
Note:
Tuy nhiên A_ R $@ danh ? 3x (U 3y “No” ]$ “Not” làm $ | + trong câu thì không S là (g +
No example of this word is given in this dictionary.
0] khác Q “Not until + clause” thì (g ? } ! cau chính $ > không g P } ! ngau sau “Not until”
c
Not only + clause
She dances beautifully and she sings sweetly, too.
> Not only does she dance beautifully but she also sings sweetly.
Not only do I enjoy classical music, but I also have a season ticket to the symphony
d
Under no circumstances
In no circumstances
On no condition
On no account
At no time + Inversion
Nowhere
In no way
No longer
Example
1 The bus driver can’t be blamed for the accident in any way
> In no way can the bus driver be blamed for the accident.
2 The doctor told his patient that he should on no account return to work un til he had made a complete recovery
> The doctor told his patient that on no account should he return to work until he had made
a complete recovery.
3 Remote villages don’t have a regular bus service any longer
> No longer do remote villages have a regular bus service
4 The accused never expressed regret for what he’d done
> At no time did the accused express regret for what he’d done.
5 This switch must not be touched on any acount
> On no acount must this switch be touched.
3.1.5.2
a
... enlarging the gardenThey advised that the garden should be enlarged.
3.1.4 .11< /b>
Example
Turn on the lights
The lights should be turned on ... home did he realize that he had lost it.
Note:
Tuy nhiên A_ R $@ danh ? 3x (U 3y “No” ]$ “Not” làm $ | + câu không S (g +
No example of this