Cu the la, cbi dao cac td chuc tin dung tiep tuc nang cao nang lyc tai chinh, quan tri dieu banh, phat trien dich vu ngan hang hien dai, dap iing yeu cau hpi nhap; ra soat siia ddi v[r]
Trang 1Nghien ciin - Trao doi T a p c h i C p n g s o n
THirC HIEN NHIEM VU NGAN HANG
• • • •
D A O MINH TU
Trong ndm 2010 nhdng dien Men cua tinh hinh kinh te the gidi, trong
nudc dd cd nhieu dnh hudng cd tich cue ldn tieu cue den ket qud dieu hdnh
chinh sdch tien te cua Ngdn hdng Nhd nudc vd hoqt dgng cua he thdng
ngdn hdng
Tinh hinh thirc hien nhiem vu
ngan hang nam 2010
Thye Men Nghi quyet ciia Quoc hpi, CMnh
phii ve muc tieu phat trien kinh te - xa hdi nam
2010, Ngan hang Nha nudc da ban banh cac cM
thi va ke hoach hanh dpng ve thye Men cMnh
sach tien te, bao dam an toan boat dpng ngan
hang, kiem che lam phat, tich cyc cM dao va giam
sat cac dan vi ttong toan nganh thye Men c6 kit
qua va Meu qua cao cac nMem vy da de ra, thi
bien tren cac mat sau:
1- Thuc hien cdc gidi phdp dieu hdnh chinh
sdch tien te, ty gid vd ngoai hoi theo Nghi quyit
sd 18/NQ-CP vd Nghi quyit s6 23/NQ-CP cua
Chinh phu
- Dieu hdnh lugng tien cung ung thong qua
cac cong cu chinh sdch tien te di dap img nhu
cau thanh khodn cua cdc ngdn hdng thuong mai,
nen kinh te, tdc dong ldm gidm mat bang ldi sudt
thi trudng: (1) Giam ty le dy trir bit bupc bing
ngoai te tii 7% xudng 4% ddi vdi ky ban dudi
12 thang, tii 3% xuong 2% ddi vdi ky ban tren
12 thang, lam tang nguon vdn dl cho vay, giam
chi phi huy dpng von va tac dpng dn dinh ty gia,
phii hgp vdi dien biin kinh tl vi mo; (2) Diiu
hanh linh boat ngMep vu tM tnrdng md vdi khdi
lugng va lai suit hgp ly; (3) Giam lai suit nghiep
vu tM trudng md, hoan ddi ngoai te; (4) Cho vay
tai cap von trye tiep cho ngan hang thuang mai
cd quy mo nho nham dn dinh thi trudng tien te
- Chi dgo tdng tdi cdp vdn cho ndng nghiep,
ndng thdn, hudng ddn cdc ngdn hdng thuong mgi thuc hien cho vay theo ca che ldi sudt thda thudn bdng VND, dieu hdnh linh hogt cdc miic ldi sudt, ket hgp vdi cdc bien phdp khac de dieu tiet mat bdng ldi sudt thi trudng phu hgp Dieu
hanh linh boat Iai suat nghiep vu thi trudng md, lai suat co ban (giu dn dinh cac miic lai suat dieu hanh trong 10 thang dau nam; tii ngay 5-11-2010, dieu chinh tang 1%/nam cac miic lai suat dieu hanh) Phdi hgp vdi Hiep hdi Ngan hang de tao sy dong thuan giiia cac thanh vien ve mat bang lai suat huy dpng VND
- Thuc hien cdc gidi phdp hd trg khu vuc
nong nghiep, ndng thdn vd gdi kich thich kinh te theo Nghi quyet cua Chinh phu, trong do tap
trung cM dao cac to chiic tin dung md rpng va nang cao chat luong, hieu qua tin dung, don gian hda thu tuc cho vay; tap trung von cho vay phyc
vu san xuit, kinh doanh khu vyc nong ngMep, nong thon, xuat khau, doanh nghiep nhd va vua
- Diiu hdnh ty gid vd thuc hien cdc bien phdp
qudn ly ngoai hdi chdng suy gidm du trie ngogi hdi nhd nudc, kiim sodt nhap sieu vd ngdn ngda
* TS, Ngan hang Nha nirac Viet Nam
Trang 2Nghien cuu - Trao ddi T a p c h i C p n g s a n
nguy ca rui ro vi thanh khodn ngogi te vd ty gia
Ngan hang Nha nudc da 2 lin diiu chinh tang ty
gia USDA^ND binh quan lien ngan hang Quy
dinh muc lai suit tiln gui tdi da bang USD
1 %/nam cua td chirc kinh tl tai cac td chiic tin
dung Can thiep mua, ban ngoai te d muc hgp ly
dl dieu tiet cung - cau ngoai te, tang tinh thanh
khoan cho tbi tradng va ho trg ngoai te cho nhu
ciu nhap khiu cac mat hang thiet yeu phyc vu
san xuit trong nudc Chi dao cac to chiic tin
dung trien khai sau rpng viec mua ngoai te ciia
mpt sd tap doan, tdng cong ty nha nudc dl tang
ngudn cung ngoai te cho thi trudng Kilm soat
chat che viec mua, cho vay, thanh toan ngoai te
phyc vu nhap khau nham ban che nhap sieu
Ddi vdi tbi trudng vang, Ngan hang Nha
nudc da tang cudng cac bien phap quan ly va
dieu tiet tbi trudng: chi dao cac to chtic tin dung
thye hien nghiem tiic viec ddng cua san vang va
tat toan trang thai kinh doanb vang tren tai
khoan d nudc ngoai; cho phep xuat, nhap khau
vang khi can thiet; ban hanh Thdng tu thu hep
hoat dpng huy dpng va cho vay bang vang cua
cac td chiic tin dung
Nhin chung, thi trudng tien te, tin dung trong
ndm 2010 tuong doi on dinh vd dien bien phii
hgp vdi yeu cdu phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi
- Tin dung den ngay 31-12-2010 udc tang
29,81% so vdi cuoi nam 2009, trong do: Tin
dung VND tang 25,3%; Tin dung ngoai te tang
49,3% Neu trd hu so do ty gia va gia vang tang
thi tong du ng tang 27,6%, trong do: tin dung
VND tang 25,3%, tin dung ngoai te tang 37,7%
- Tong phuang tien thanh toan den ngay
31-12-2010 tang 25,3% so ydi cudi nam 2009; huy
dpng vdn tang 27,2% Neu trii hu sd do ty gia va
gia vang tang, thi tdng phuang tien thanh toan
tang 23%, huy dgng vdn tang 24,5%
- Sau khi thye hien co che lai suat thda thuan
va ciing vdi cac bien phap dieu banh tien te linh
boat ciia Ngan hang Nha nudc, lai suat huy dpng
va cho vay VND ciia cac ngan hang thuang mai
giam din (miic giam khoang 1%) Hien nay, cac
ngan hang da thuc hien ddng thuan lai suat huy
dpng VND khdng vuot qua 14%/ nam; lai suat
cho vay binh quan 15,27%/nam Lai suit huy
ddng va cho vay bang USD tang khoang 0,5 %/nam so vdi cudi nam 2009, hien lai suat buy dpng binh quan d muc 4,08%/nam, lai suat cho vay binh quan d miic 6,26%/nam
- Thi tradng ngoai te, thi trudng vang da dan
dn dinh, ngudn cung ngoai te dugc cai tMen dang ke, ty gia dien bien phii hgp vdi muc tieu khuyen khich xuat khau, gdp phan ban che nhap sieu, cai thien can can thanh toan qudc te (den ngay 15-12-2010, ty gia USD/VND binh quan lien ngan bang tang 5,52% va ty gia mua ban USD/VND cua cac ngan hang thuang mai tang 5,53% so vdi cudi nam 2009) Gia vang trong nudc dien bien tuong ddi sat vdi gia vang the gidi, chenh lech gia vang trong nudc va gia the gidi da dugc thu hep
- Vdn kha dung bang VND cua cac td chiic tin dung dien bien theo xu budng tuang doi dn dinh, bao dam kha nang thanh toan, bao dam yeu cau dy trii bat bupc
2 - Bdo ddm an todn vd phdt trien he thdng
cdc to chuc tin dung
Ngan hang Nha nudc tiep tuc chi dao trien khai nhieu giai phap nham nang cao tinh an toan trong boat dpng ciia cac to chuc tin dung, gop phan dn dinh kinh te vi md Cu the la, cbi dao cac td chuc tin dung tiep tuc nang cao nang lyc tai chinh, quan tri dieu banh, phat trien dich vu ngan hang hien dai, dap iing yeu cau hpi nhap;
ra soat siia ddi va ban banh mpt sd quy dinh mdi lien quan den bao dam an toan boat ddng ciia to chiic tin dyng theo hudng phii hgp ban vdi thong
le, chuan myc qudc te va tinh hinh thye tien Viet Nam; chi dao va giam sat viec thye Men ke hoach tang von ciia cac td chiic tin dung theo quy dinh tai Nghi dinh so 141/2006/ND-CP, trinh va dugc Thu tudng chap thuan phuang an gia ban thdi gian tang von dieu le den ngay 31-12-2011; tang cudng cong tac thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat doi vdi tien te, ngan hang va xir ly kip thdi cac sai pham
3 - Phdt trien thanh todn khdng dimg tien mat
Trong nam 2010, Ngan hang Nha nudc da giao chi tieu thuc Men Chi thi so 20/2007/CT-TTg ve tra luong qua tai khoan cho timg dia ban
Trang 3Nghien cun - Trao ddi T p p c h i C ^ n g s a n
phii hgp vdi dac dilm tinh Mnh va xu hirdng
phat ttiln cua tiing dia phuang Din cudi nam
2010, CO 53% don vi hudng luong tii ngan sach
nha nudc thye Men tta luong qua tai khoan (den
cudi nam 2009 ty le nay la 41,5%) He thdng
thanh toan dien tir hen ngan hang tiep tyc dugc
md rgng va van hanh Meu qua, gdp phan tang
cudng kha nang cung cap dich vy thanh toan
Men dai, dap iing nhu cau thanh toan ciia nen
kinh te
Cac to chiic cung ung dich vu thanh toan tiep
tuc trien khai ap dung nMeu cong nghe Men dai,
trong do the ngan hang dang trd thanh phuang
tien thanh toan phd bien Udc den cudi nam
2010, so lugng the phat hanh tten pham vi ca
nudc dat khoang 28,5 trieu the, ban 11.000
ATM va gan 50.000 tMet hi chap nhan the
(POS) dugc lip dat Viec kit ndi he thdng ATM,
POS thanh mdt he thong thong nhat tten toan
quoc dupc trien khai tich cyc, ttong do 3 hen
minh the Banknet-VNBC-Smarthnk da ket noi
ben thong he thong ATM tten pham vi toan
quoc va phdi hgp vdi 15 ngan hang thuc Men
thanh cdng viec ket noi he thong POS tren dia
ban Ha Npi va Thanh phd Ho CM Minh vdi sy
tham gia ciia nMeu don vi cung cap hang hda,
dich vu
Nam 2010, he thdng the che ve tien te va boat
dong ngan hang dugc tap trang hoan tMen, hudng
tdi chuan myc mdi, phii hgp ban vdi thong le
quoc te va dieu kien Viet Nam nham tang cudng
Meu lyc quan ly nha nudc ciia Ngan hang Nha
nudc va tao thuan lpi cho cac td chuc tin dung
boat dpng an toan, Meu qua Ngan bang Nha nudc
da ninh va da dugc Quoc hpi thong qua Luat
Ngan hang Nha nudc va Luat Cac td chuc tin
dung (siia ddi) cd Meu lyc tirngay 1-1-2011
Ngoai ra, nhimg nMem vy trpng tam khac
ciing dugc trien khai thye Men tich cyc, nhu: ddi
mdi va nang cao chit lugng thdng ke dy bao,
hoan tMen the che ve tien te va boat dpng ngan
hang, tang cudng boat dpng ddi ngoai va chii
dpng bpi nhap kinh tl qudc tl, day manh cdng
tac cai each hanh cMnh, day manh cdng tac
thong tm myen trayin, gdp phin tao sy ddng
tinh cua du Man doi vdi cac chu traong, giai
phap ciia CMnh phu va Ngan hang Nha nudc ve tien te va boat dpng ngan hang
4 - Mot s6 tdn tgi, hqn chi vd vdn de cdn quan tdm xd ly
TM tnrdng tien te, tM tnrdng ngoai boi va can can thanh toan qudc tl con cd thai dilm dien bien khong thuan lgi, chua giai quyit triet de tinh ttang mat can ddi cung ciu ngoai te va chenh lech ty gia giiia tM ttudng ty do va tM tradng cMnh thiic Gia vang len xudng thit thudng, thi tnrdng vang ttong nudc xuat Men yeu to dau co lam gia Hoat dgng ciia cac td chuc tin dung con tiem an riii ro Bien dpng lai suat trong nhung ngay dau thang 12-2010 cho thay hoat dpng kinh doanh cua cac td chiic tin dung chua on dinh, ttach nMem ddi vdi van de an toan he thong ciia mpt so td chiic tin dung chua cao Nang lyc quan tri thanh khoan d mpt sd ngan hang thuong mai cdn ban che Nhan thiic va chap hanh cM dao cua CMnh phii va cua Ngan hang Nha nudc d mpt so ngan hang thuang mai chua cao, chua the Men tinh than ttach nMem day du ddi vdi an toan he thdng, nhat la ttong thye Men cam ket dong thuan ciia Hiep hdi Ngan hang Thanh toan khong dung tien mat tai Viet Nam tuy da phat triln nhanh, nhung van chua tuang xiing vdi ket cau ha tang san cd, ma nguyen nhan chii yeu do thdi quen thanh toan bang tien mat ciia ngudi dan chua dugc khac phue
Dinh hmmg nhiem vu ngan hang nam 2011 • >::':•' :'^ : JSJJ; aviv Dya tten trien vgng kinh te ttong va ngoai nudc, Qudc hdi va CMnh phii da xac dinh, nam
2011 can phdi hgp chat che dieu hanh cMnh sach tai khda, dieu hanh cMnh sach tien te chii dpng, linh boat va than trong, gdp phan thye Men muc tieu tang ttudng kinh te, kiem che lam phat va quan ly nhap sieu
Tren ca sd thye Men cac cM tieu tiln te, tin dung nam 2010, bam sat muc tieu tang ttudng kmh tl va lam phat nam 2011 do CMnh phu dl ra, Ngan hang Nha nudc da xac dinh muc tieu va cac nMem vu ttgng tam ttong nam 2011 Cu the la:
Trang 4Nghien cuir - Trao doi T a p c h i C d n g s A n
- Tap trang xay dyng, ban hanh ddng bp va
kip thdi he thdng van ban hudng dan Luat Ngan
hang Nha nudc va Luat Cac td chiic tin dung
nham tao hanh lang phap ly viing chac cho boat
dpng ngan hang;
- Dieu banh cMnh sach tiln te chii dong, Unh
boat va than trpng theo nguyen tic tbi tradng,
phdi hgp chat che vdi cMnh sach tai khoa va cac
chinh sach kinh tl vi mo khac nham kiem soat
lam phat va dn dinh kinh tl vi mo, tdng phuang
tien thanh toan tang 21% - 24%, tin dung doi vdi
nin kinh tl tang khoang 23% Lai suat va ty gia
dugc dieu hanh d miic phii hop vdi cac can ddi
kinh tl VI md, bao dam an toan he thong, nang
cao hieu qua quan ly nha nudc ciia Ngan hang
Nha nudc;
- Dieu banh ty gia va quan ly ngoai hdi theo
tin hieu thi tradng, phii hgp vdi dien Men lai
suat, can ddi bai bda cung - cau ngoai te, tang
tinh thanh khoan cho tM tradng va thiic day xuat
khau, ban che nhap sieu, giam dan tinh trang do
la hda trong nen kinh te Phdi hgp vdi cac bp,
nganh lien quan theo doi, quan ly chat che tM
tradng vang va tbi tradng ngoai te;
- Tiep tuc nang cao chat lugng tin dung, danh gia thye trang chat lugng boat dpng ciia cac td chuc tin dung de ap dyng cac bien phap tMch hgp nhim kilm soat chat che quy md, chat lugng
va CO cau tin dyng;
- Theo doi, giam sat chat che va dy bao kip thai dien Men kinh te vi mo, dien bien tM trudng tai cMnh trong nudc va qudc te de phue vu cd hieu qua cdng tac chi dao, dieu hanh boat dpng tien te, ngan hang;
- Tang cudng kha nang phat Men, canh bao sdm rui ro trong hoat dgng ngan hang Ket hgp
CO Meu qua giiia thanh tra, giam sat viec chap banh cMnh sach phap Mat vdi thanh tra, giam sat riii ro trong boat ddng ciia ddi togng thanh tta, giam sat ngan hang;
- Tiep tuc ciing cd, sap xep lai cac to chiic tin dyng phii hgp vdi thong I^ va chuan muc qudc
te, tang cudng tinh cdng khai minh bach trong boat ddng ngan hang;
- Trien khai diy manh thanh toan khdng dung tien mat tai Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2015.0
Regarding practical implementation
of the financial tasks in 2011
DAO MINH TU
Dr, The State Bank of Vietnam
In 2010, the State Bank of Vietnam performed well the set - out tasks, including the implementation of the solutions for regulatmg cunency, exchange rates, and foreign exchange in accordance with the Governmental Resolutions No 18/NQ-CP and No 23/NQ-CP The system of credit institutions were ensured with safety and development Non - cash payments were developed However, there are still some restrictions in this work That is why m 2011 the State Bank of Vietnam has determined goals and tasks which are closely adherent to economic growth and conttol of inflation stired up by the Govemment