Chfnh phii can the che' hda cac ndi dung lien quan den HLKT thdng qua viec ban hanh cac chfnh sach, phe duyet kip thdi cac van ban lien quan de'n hanh lang; thanh lap td chuyen trach[r]
Trang 1M O T SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO H I £ U Lire, HIEU QUA QUAN L^ BfiN VUNG CUA NHA NUCIC DOI V6l CAC HANH LANG
KINH TE 6 VIET NAM
v u DINH HOA*
PHAM MANH HA
H anh lang kinh te' (HLKT) la mdt trong
cac hinh thiic td chiic lanh thd kinh te'
dua trdn mdt tuye'n true giao thdng quan
trgng, nd mang tfnh udc le ve khdng gian va
khdng cd chu the quan ly theo luat phap
nhung mang tinh xa hdi sau sde
Cac hanh lang kinh te' hinh thanh dua tren
mdt tuye'n true giao thdng huye't mach
(thudng la dudng d td), cac ca sd cdng
nghiep, dich vu dugc tap trung va gdn vdi cac
dd thi dge hai ben true dd Lgi ich ttr viec tang
trudng d cac cue se dugc lan tda dge hanh
lang mdt each nhanh chdng, hieu qua hom nhd
cac md'i lien ke't tren tuye'n true Su lan tda
nay cd y nghTa to ldn ca ve mat kinh te' ldn xa
hdi: ve kinh te', dieu nay can thie't trong viec
tao ra cac dieu kien de ban than hanh lang cd
kha nang phat trien ben virng; ve mat xa hdi,
su lan tda se gdp phan dam bao cho su phan
phdi thu nhap theo lanh thd trd nen cdng bdng
hem
1 Tinh hinh phat trien cac HLKT d Viet
Nam
Trong xu the' hdi nhap, tang cudng hgp tac
quan he gitra cac qud'c gia trong khu vuc va
tren the gidi, mang ludi cac HLKT dang cd xu
hudng hinh thanh rat manh 6 khu vuc Tieu
vung sdng Me Kdng, ADB da dua ra sang
kie'n ve 5 HLKT, trong dd 3 HLKT ldn bao
gdm: 1- HLKT Bdc - Nam keo tir Van Nam
(Trung Qud'c) de'n tan Bangkok (Thai Lan) va
tren thuc te nd bao gdm ca HLKT Cdn Minh
-Lao Cai - Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng; 2- HLKT
Ddng - Tay, nd'i tur Yanggon (Myanmar) qua
Thai - Lao - Da Nang va 3- HLKT phia Nam,
nd'i ttr Bangkok - Phnompenh (Campuchia)
den Vung Tau (Viet Nam) Dieu quan trgng
nha't, ca 3 hanh lang nay tao ra mdt mang lien
ke't ddi vdi toan CMS, dd la chua ke de'n trong
pham vi ttmg qud'c gia, cac hanh lang nay ciing dugc ke't ndi thanh cac khdng gian dia ly kinh te' cd dac tfnh bd sung manh cho su phat trien giiia chiing
Cac HLKT dugc coi nhu cac true kinh te' ddng luc, mang y nghTa ddu tau de' ldi keo su phat trien chung ciia viing rdng ldn Hieu qua kinh te ma chiing mang lai da va dang ddn dugc khang dinh Xu the phat trien cua cac HLKT giai doan trudc mdt cung nhu lau dai la ra't ldn, dieu nay cd the tha'y thdng qua viec Thii tudng chfnh phii da ky quye't dinh sd: 98/2008/QD-TTg phe duyet Quy hoach phat trien Hanh lang kinh te' Lang Som Ha Ndi -Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh den nam 2020 Vdi muc tieu la dua miic tang trudng GDP toan tuye'n len ga'p 1,2- 1,4 lan miic trung binh ca nudc; nang tdng kim ngach xuat nhap khau qua tuye'n HLKT dat binh quan tren 20%/nam, nam 2010 dat khoang 2 ty USD va nam 2015 dat 4,5 - 5 ty USD va nam 2020 dat tren 10 ty USD Ben canh HLKT Lang San
-Ha Ndi - -Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh, Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu ciing da tie'n hanh Quy hoach tdng the' phat trien HLKT Cdn Minh - Lao Cai
- Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng trinh Chinh phii vdi muc tieu chu ye'u la phat huy dugc lgi the' ciia mdt viing tay nam rdng ldn cua Trung Qud'c
de hinh thanh true kinh te' quan trgng doc theo tuye'n giao thdng Cdn Minh - Lao Cai - Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng Tao dieu kien cho cac tinh cua Viet Nam ndm trong hanh lang nay cd dieu kien phat trien Ddng thdi tang cudng phat trien Idnh te' cho viing sau, vting xa
Vu Dinh Hda ThS., Hpe vien Chinh sach va Phat trien - Bd Ke hoach va Ddu tu; Pham Manh Ha ThS., Vien nghien ciiu Mdi trudng va Phat trien bin viing - Vien khoa hpe xa hdi Viet Nam
Trang 2Vu Dinh Hoa, Pham Manh Ha - Mot so giai phap nang cao hieu life, hieu qua
Tren thuc te, cac HLKT da ddng gdp tfch
cue vao tang trudng GDP cua cac dia phuang
noi nd di qua Cac tinh, thanh phd nam trong
cac HLKT thudng cd dieu kien phat trien
thuan lgi ban so vdi cac dia phuang khac
Chinh vi vay, td'c do tang trudng GDP ciia
cac tinh, thanh phd ndm trong hanh lang
thudng cao hon so vdi miic tang trudng
chung ciia nen kinh te' ca nudc Trong nhffng
nam gan day, td'c do tang trudng trung binh
cua cac tinh, thanh phd trong hanh lang ludn
dat miic tren 10%, dac biet la td'c do tang ciia
khu vuc cdng nghiep ludn dat miic cao han
so vdi mirc tang trung binh Quy md GDP
ciia cac tinh, thanh phd ndm trong cac HLKT
hien nay ehie'm ty trgng tdi tren 95% tdng
GDP toan qud'c, trong dd ndi bat len mdt sd
tinh, thanh phd cd GDP ldn nhu TP Hd Chf
Minh, Ddng Nai, Ba Ria - Vung Tau, Ha
Ndi, Hai Phdng, Da Nang Day cQng chfnh
la nhu'ng cue phat trien quan trgng nhat ciia
cac tuyen HLKT tren lanh thd nudc ta
Ben canh viec ddng gdp va su tang trudng
chung vao kinh te cho cac dia phuang, cac
HLKT cdn gdp phan tac ddng quan trgng
trong viec hinh thanh va phat trien cac dd
thi; thiic day boat ddng xuat khau; tang
cudng kha nang md rdng kinh doanh ddn
khach va tang ngudn thu cho ngan sach
2 Giai phap
Hien nay cac HLKT da va dang quy
hoach d nudc ta chua dugc quan tam mdt
each diing miic, ve co ban mdi chi thuc hien
dugc tren cac y tudng; ddng thdi xuat phat
ttr thuc te cac HLKT can phai dugc to chitc
hgp ly, neu khdng se gay ra hien tugng tdc
nghen hoac lang phf trong qua trinh van
hanh va phat trien Do vay, viec nang cao
hieu lire va hieu qua quan ly phat trien ciia
Nha nudc de cac HLKT di vao thuc te va trd
thanh mdt lanh thd ddng lire ldi keo su phat
tren diing theo each thiic "lay tuyen thiic
day dien" la het siic can thie't Xua't phat ttr
thuc te tren, xin de xuat mdt sd giai phap cu
the nhu sau:
2.1 Xdy dung, ban hdnh cache chinh sdch
chung cho hogt dgng cita tuye'n HLKT
Vdi muc tieu xay dung cac co che' chfnh sach dp dung cho cac HLKT phai thuc sir viing chdc, toan dien, ddng bd va hgp ly dd'i vdi cac va'n de mang tfnh phap ly ve khung dinh hudng, phan bd khdng gian, td chiic mang ludi ca sd ha tang kinh te, xa hdi va ky thuat cho su phat trien hieu qua, ben virng ciia cac HLKT Ddng thdi cac co che' chfnh sach phai tao ra cac yeu to ddn bay dii manh cho
su phat trien de HLKT thuc su trd thanh ddu tau ldi keo su phat trien ciia ca nudc; Co che' chfnh sach nhdm hudng tdi nhumg the che' ngay cang day dii hom cho viec thuc hien muc tieu va nghTa vu lan tda phat trie'n ciia HLKT Can phai tap trung giai quye't cac cdng viec:
- Hoan thien ca che' chfnh sach lien quan de'n viec dam bao tfnh chat hgp ly va ddng bd ddi vdi cac HLKT Trong dd, Qud'c hdi can xay dung va sdm hinh thanh Luat hoac phap lenh dd'i vdi cac vung lanh thd ddng luc trong
dd cd HLKT, lam ca sd phap ly de quan ly va huy ddng tdi da cac ngudn luc cho phat trien HLKT Chfnh phii can the che' hda cac ndi dung lien quan den HLKT thdng qua viec ban hanh cac chfnh sach, phe duyet kip thdi cac van ban lien quan de'n hanh lang; thanh lap td chuyen trach va cac td dieu phdi quan ly hoat ddng ciia cac HLKT, xac dinh rd quyen han ciia cac Bd, ban nganh cac cdp chfnh quyen dd'i vdi HLKT nham phat huy siic manh tdng hgp ciia hanh lang; Ra soat quy hoach cac tinh cd hanh lang di qua nham dieu chinh quy hoach phti hgp vdi tinh hinh td chiic lanh thd trong thdi ky mdi
- Ban hanh chinh sach dap iing vd'n tin dung cho cac doanh nghiep, nhat la cho nhumg doanh nghiep ddu tu vao cac nganh chu lire ciia cac hanh lang nhu: san xua't may tinh va linh kien, ca khi che tao cac linh kien, phu tting xe may phue vu cho ndi dia hda cac san pham; che' bie'n ndng san, dich vu thuang mai, du lich cung nhu dd'i vdi nhu'ng doanh nghiep san xuat hang xuat khdu va iing dung tien bd ky thuat cdng nghe tien tie'n vao san xuat kinh doanh Cu the hda cac chfnh sach
ve da't dai, hd trg vd'n dao tao cdng nhan lanh nghe, da dang hda cac thanh phdn kinh te xay dung ke't cau ha tang va kinh doanh cac khu
Nqhien ciru Phat trien ben vCmq so 1 (30) - Thanq 3/2011
Trang 3Vu Dinh Hoa, Pham Manh Ha - Mot so giai phap nang cao hieu luc, hieu qua
cdng nghiep cung nhu cac khu du lich va cac
khu dd thi mdi:
+ Cd mdt sd ca che dac thii tao dieu kien
thuan lgi de' phat trie'n ke't ca'u ha tang ciia
hanh lang
-f- Xay dung ca che' chfnh sach tao thuan lgi
cho boat ddng thuang mai - du lich tren hanh
lang
-t- Giai quyet cac va'n de kinh te' - xa hdi
nay sinh do hoat ddng ciia hanh lang nhu bao
ve mdi trudng
-I- Cd ca che' cho phep doanh nghiep thue
da't dugc giam 50% nhu quy dinh, nhung d
nhu'ng noi khd khan, thie'u siic ha'p ddn dau tu
cd the' khdng thu tien da't trong mdt thdi gian
nha't dinh
+ Cai thien chfnh sach tien te va he thd'ng
ngan hang
-I- Chfnh sach phat trien mat hang xuat
nhap khau nham tao ra dugc nhiing san pham
cd tinh chie'n lugc, cd khd'i lugng gia tri ldn,
chat lugng cao phu hgp vdi uu the', tiem nang
ndi trdi do uu the' ve dia ly mang lai Tren co
sd dd, xay dung chfnh sach mat hang xuat
nhap khau dd'i vdi nhu'ng khu vuc, phu hgp
vdi thi trudng trong nudc va cac nudc lang
gieng trong khu vuc
+ Phdi hgp day manh qua trinh hdi nhap
ciia Viet Nam vdi cac nudc trong khu vuc va
tren the' gidi
2.2 Xdy dimg cdc dii dn quy hogch phdt
trien
- Dd'i vdi viec xay dung cac du an quy
hoach phat trie'n tren cac HLKT, cac Bd, ban,
nganh cdn the hien rd quan didm uu tien va
phuang an phat trien cho cac nganh, cac ITnh
vuc mui nhgn, cac khau dot pha tao bd mat
phat trie'n rieng cho ttrng hanh lang hudng tdi
muc tieu tao sue bat hieu qua va chat lugng
tang trudng kinh te'
- Quy hoach va phat trien cac nganh kinh
te mui nhgn tren hanh lang phai gdn lien vdi
nhu cau thi trudng va ngudn luc ciia vting phu
can; thiic day chuye'n dich ca cau kinh te' va
hgi nhap kinh te qud'c te, nang cao ti suat ddi
mdi cdng nghe, ddng thdi tang hieu qua sir
dung vd'n va quy md ddu tu vao cac nganh co sir dung cdng nghe cao phan bd doc tuyen hanh lang
- Hoan thien cac quy hoach tdng the ve phat trien ca sd ha tang, cac dd thi hat nhan, cac khu cdng nghiep, khu che xua't tao dung cac cue tang trudng va cac mach ddn ldi keo
su tang trudng tren pham vi toan tuyen hanh lang
2.3 Xiic tie'n thuang mgi vd ddu tu
De hoat ddng thuong mai tren cac hanh lang ludn cd su phat trie'n dn dinh vdi hieu qua kinh te' cao cac ca quan Nha nudc can thudng xuyen tie'p can va cting vdi doanh nghiep thao gd khd khan, tang cudng hd trg cung cap thdng tin, nghien ciiu tim kiem thi trudng, xay dung thuang hieu, huan luyen nang cao nghiep vu quan ly kinh doanh .cho cac doanh nghiep, co sd san xua't kinh doanh tren tuyen hanh lang
Tap trung nghien ciiu thi trudng va tim kie'm khach hang Tren hanh lang can td chuc phdi hgp giira cac dia phuang tham gia cac ky Hdi chg tren tuyen
De thu hiit vd'n dau tu va sir dung cd hieu qua tren cac tuyen hanh lang, cac ca quan cd chire nang can tap trung vao cac bien phap cu the:
- Cd cac chfnh sach khuyen khfch, thu hiit
va ddng vien mgi ngudn vd'n bdng nhung bien phap thfch hgp nhdm huy ddng cac ngudn vd'n
dd vao xay dung ke't ca'u ha tang thuang mai vdi muc dfch md rgng luu thdng hang hda tren HLKT
- Phat trien ngudn vd'n ddu tu cho ha tdng ttr viec md rdng hinh thirc dau tu gian tie'p nham thu hut ddu tu ngudn vd'n cua cac doanh nghiep va thuang nhan nudc ngoai, cac td chirc qud'c te, sir dung co che' khuyen khfch, tao dieu kien de' qua trinh chuyen dich vd'n, ke
ca vd'n ngdn ban va dai han vao dau tu mdt each thuan lgi
- Dd'i vdi cdng trinh thuang mai nhu trung tam thuang mai, kho ngoai quan, cac cum thuang mai, sieu thi, chg, cang bien tuy theo ttrng hang muc cdng trinh Nha nudc cd
Nqhien ciru Phat trien ben vimq so 1 (30) - Thanq 3/2011 m
Trang 4Vu Dinh Hoa, Pham Manh Ha - Mot so giai phap nang cao hieu luc, hieu qua
the dau tu toan bd hoac mdt phan va phdn cdn
lai cd the cho vay vdi lai sua't uu dai Cac chg
bien gidi, mdt sd cdng trinh thuang mai tai
cac trung tam cum xa, Nha nudc can ddu tu
bdng ngudn vd'n ngan sach Truiig uang de viia
hd trg cho cac dia phuang, vira tao dung the
hien van minh thuong mai tai cac cira khau
bien gidi
- Nhdm thu hiit ngudn vd'n ttr cac doanh
nghiep va trong nhan dan, Nha nudc cd chinh
sach khuyen khfch ddu tu vdi phuang cham
Nha nudc va nhan dan cting lam De thuc hien
td't chinh sach nay can cd co che' linh boat,
che do uu dai thoa dang dd'i vdi nhiing dom vi
ca nhan bd vd'n ddu tu, tao dieu kien de hg
yen tam dau tu lau dai
- Tang cudng cdng tac quan ly nha nudc,
trudc he't dd'i vdi cdng tac quy hoach va ke
hoach phat trien kinh te' qud'c dan
2.4 Tdng cudng hcfp tdc lien tinh, lien
vUng vd qud'c te
- Dd'i vdi hgp tac lien tinh, lien vung
Cd ke' hoach phdi hgp vdi cac tinh trong
tren hanh lang va cac tinh lan can de thuc
hien theo quy hoach Hgp tac lien tinh tren
cac hanh lang kinh te' phai ban sat cac quy
hoach tdng the' va tap trung khai thae cac the'
manh theo cac hudng:
-I- Phat trie'n cdng nghiep, du lich, xay dung
khu dd thi mdi va cac cdng trinh the thao, vui
choi giai tri cd thudng
-I- Dao tao ngudn nhan lire cha't lugng cao,
cd ky nang nghe nghiep dap iing yeu cdu phat
trie'n va hgp tac
+ Ddy manh xiic tien dau tu va tham gia trien lam, hdi chg va quang cao cung nhu phat trie'n cdng nghe cao
- Tang cudng hgp tac qud'c te' Trudc he't, tie'p tuc tang cudng xiic tie'n ddu
tu nudc ngoai, dac biet dd'i vdi cac du an ldn
va quan trgng theo phucmg cham tranh thii va thu hiit nhiing nha dau tu cd cdng nghe cao va suat dau tu ldn tren mdi ha dat cdng nghiep Khuyen khich cac nha ddu tu nudc ngoai phat trie'n co sd dao tao nghe chat lugng cao phue
vu phat trien cac khu cdng nghiep./
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Bd Ngoai Giao (Viet Nam): "Hop tac tren hanh lang Ddng-Tay"; Nxb Khoa hpe xa hdi; Ha Ndi, nam 2001
2 Quyet dinh sd 98/2008/QD-Trg cua Thu tudng chinh phu ve viec phe duyet Quy hoach phat trien Hanh lang kinh te Lang Scm - Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh den nam 2020; Ha Ndi, ngay
11 thang 7 nam 2008
3 Vu Dinh Hda: "Hanh lang kinh te' tU ly luan den thirc tiln d Viet Nam"; Tap chi khoa hpe Dai hpe su pham HN, 1/2009
4 Ngd Doan Vinh: "Ban vl phat triln kinh t€'
(Nghien ciiu con dudng din tdi giau sang), Nxb Chinh tri Qud'c gia; Ha Ndi, 2005
5 Ngd Doan Vinh: "Nghien ciiu chien lupc va quy hoach phat trien kinh te xa hdi d Viet Nam -Hpe hdi va sang tao"; Nxb Chinh tri Qud'c gia; Ha Ndi, 2003