Tang eudng edng tdc tuyen truyin gido due ndng cao y thdc trdch nhiem cho cac td chirc ed lien quan d i n XDCB, ciio can bd va nhdn ddn nhan thUc sdu s i c v l t i m quan trpng ci[r]
Trang 1DPI M 6 I QUAN LY
N G U Y E N H O N G C H l / d N G
Trong nhOmg nam qua, hda trong xu
t h i ddi mdi va phat trien ciia n i n
kinh t l , vdi su e l ging to Idn eiia
Dkng, Nhk nudc, chinh quyin eae dja
phUdng vk nhan dan trong ea nudc, cdng
tac xay dung ed ban ed bude phat trien ea
v l sd lupng, chit lupng, bien phap va ky
thuat thi cdng, trang thilt bi^, dpi ngu can
bd ky thuat xay dung Nhieu edng trinh
Idn, ky thuat phirc tap chung ta ed kha
nang thilt k l , thi cdng ma khdng phai cd
su trd giup eiia nudc ngoai Nha nude da
va dang d i u tu hang tram ngan ty ddng
cho xay dung cp ban tren cae ITnh vuc
nhir Cd sd ha ting giao thdng (bao gdm
dudng bd, dudng sat, he thing c l u Idn
nhd, cang bien, cang sdng, cang hang
khdng ); Cdsd phuc vu eho ndng nghiep
nhu cdng trinh thuy Ipi, he thdng elp
thoat nude, cac trung tam phat trien ehan
nudi trdng trpt Cac cdng trinh Idn phuc
vu eho phat trien cdng nghiep nhu d i u
khi, khai thac khoang san Cae khu cum
edng nghiep trpng diem, hang tram khu
dd thj, khu dan cu mdi dupe xay dung vdi
nhumg edng trinh eao ting ky thuat phufc
tap Dd la ehua ke eae cdng trinh Nha
nudc va nhan dan cimg lam va cac cdng
trinh dude cai tao nang clp Da lam thay
ddi bd mat eua d i t nudc ndi chung va ciia
timg dja phuong ndi rieng
Ben eanh nhumg k i t qua cd ban va to
Idn dd, mdt v i n de dupe xa hdi h i t sufc
quan tam dd la chit lupng xay dung, vl
chit lupng xay dung 1^ y l u t l Cjuan trpng
trong qua trinh xay dung, quylt djnh d i n
bd mat dd thj, ndng thdn, cae khu cum
cdng nghiep Cdng trinh xay dung khdng
bao dam chit lupng se cd nguy hai d i n
ddi sdng xa hpi eua mpi ngudi, khdng it
edng trinh do khdng bao dam chit lupng
da liin nurt, tham chi sap dd m i t an toan
gay ra chit ngudi, hang nam tren pham vi
ca nudc d i u cd cac cdng trinh giao thdng
thuy lpi, cdng trinh dan dung, cdn^
nghiep bj sap dd gay tai nan kha Idn, chat
lupng cdng trinh khdng bao dam cung gay mit my quan, giam
dp ben vung ciia edng trinh, gay lang phi t i n kem, tham chi
ed edng trinh phai pha dd de lam lai NhCmg dilu dd da anh hudng d i n uy tin nghi nghiep, d i n ddi sdng xa hdi, khiln eho
du luan them biic xuc
Cimg vdi viee ehi dao chdng thit thoat trong d i u tu XDCB Dang va Nha nudc da quan tam chi dao van d l bao dam chit lupng cdng trinh xay dung tren cac mat, dd la: Tang cudng quan ly nha nude ve xay dung, tich cue d i u tu trang thilt bj
ky thuat hien dai, ap dung eae tiln bd khoa hpc trong xay dung Nha nudc da ban hanh Luat Xay dung, Chinh phii da
ed cac Nghj djnh, cac bp nganh lien quan da cd nhumg thdng
tu hudng d i n , xay dung dupe eae bp don gid, dinh mirc, cae quy djnh v l quy ehuan, tieu chuan Thilt lap bd may qudn ly tham muu giup viec cho cdng tac quan ly nha nudc v l chat lupng xay dung nhu d Trung Udng cd Cue quan ly chit lupng xay dung, d cac tinh cd cac Trung tam Kiem djnh chit lupng Xay dung phap lenh thanh tra, he thing thanh tra xay dung tir
Bd d i n cac tinh va huyen dupe kien toan bd tri s l p x l p lai
d cac trung tam va doanh nghiep tu v i n thilt k l , kiem djnh
dupc d i u tucae phdng thi nghiem kiem djnh, nhilu ndi dupc
Bp xay dung edng nhan dat tieu chuan LAS Cdng tac dao tao
b l i dudng can bp, phan elp quan ly d i u tu xay dung, c l p chumg chi hanh nghi, cai each thii tuc hanh ehinh trong xay dung cd nhilu ed ging da gdp phin dua cdng tac XDCB ndi ehung va chit lUdng xay dung ndi rieng timg budc vao n l nip Tuy nhien, chit lUdng edng trinh xay dung v i n dang la van
d l burc xuc hang d i u , cdng trinh khdng bao dam chat lupng eung la nguyen nhan lam thit thoat trong d i u tu XDCB Trong nhilu eupe hdi thao cd nhilu y kiln eiia mpt sd dja phUdng va cac nganh, n l u coi thit thoat la 100% thi tham d, tham nhung, thit thoat khoang 60 d i n 70% cdn lai 30% d i n 40%
la do y l u t l thilt k l va to ehiic thi cdng cdng trinh Cung chua
cd tdng k i t chinh xae v l v i n d l nay, song d nhilu cdng trinh Idn va d nhilu dia phUdng thi v i n d l neu tren la cd that vd c i n dupc tdng kit va cd bien phdp thao gd Dudi day chl xin neu
NGUdi XAY DI/NG S 6 THANG 6 - 2011
Trang 2CHAT H / J N G C O N R T R I N H ttf DUXG CCH BAN ,
hai van d l cd lien quan: VI sao chit lupng cdng trinh khdng bao
dam? Lam the nao de nang cao chit lupng cdng trinh vdi gde
nhin ty nhieu phia?
I Vi sao chit lutfng cong trinh khong bao dam?
Cdng tac XDCB la mpt qua trinh ty chii truong d i u tu d i n
lap dy an, tu v i n thilt k l dy toan, tham tra, tham dinh, d i u
thiu, thi cdng xay lip, giam sat, thanh tra kiem tra, nghiem thu,
bao hanh bao tri cdng trinh Chit lupng cong trinh xay dung
phu thupc vao chit lucng nhiing v i n d l neu tren, ngoai ra con
phu thudc y l u t l chii d i u tu va Ban quan ly du an Day la
nhung v i n d l Idn lien quan d i n viec chl dao d t i m vT_mq d i n
cdng viec d cd sd Trong pham vi bai viet chi neu mpt sd v i n de
CP ban:
1- vi chil truvng diu tw Day la v i n d l quylt dinh d i n toan
bp dy an, chii truong dau tu dung se mang lai hieu qua cao,
chat lupng cong trinh tot, chii truong dau tusai se gay lang phi
tdn kem khdng bao dam chat lupng, hau qua keo dai Trong
nhiing nam qua viec dau tu xay dyng cdng trinh con nhieu ton
tai, do nghien ciru khao sat chua t i t , chua tinh toan d l y dii dieu
kien xay dung cdng trinh, quy hoach xay dyng chua g i n vdi quy
hoach phat trien kinh t l xa hpi, khong tinh toan dly dii y l u t l
d i u vao va d i u ra ciia san pham nhat la nhiing cdng trinh sir
dung vdn d i u tu cua Nha nudc, khong it cong trinh xay dung d
Trung Udng va dia phuong cdn sai lam v l chii truong d i u tu:
Nha rriay xay xong khdng cd nguyen lieu de san xult, phai di
ddi d i n vung cd nguyen lieu hoac dd bo, hoac chuyen sang
lam viec khae Chp xay xong khdng cd ngudi din hpp phai bd
khdng, nha may dien xay xong da san xuat dupc dien niiung lai
khong hda dien len mang ludi dien dupe Nhilu cdng trinh xay
dyng xong khong dupc nghiem thu phai sira chCra nhilu hoac
pha di lam lai gay lang phi t i n kem V i n d l gia ca vat tu, vat
lieu, cude van tai thudng xuyen biln ddng theo xu hudng tang
Khi lap dy toan, tu vdn thilt k l da dp gia theo quy dinh cua dia
phudng tai thdi diem xdy dyng cdng trinh Sau khi ddu thiu
xong, nhdn dupc cdng trinh nhd thdu dd thiy Id vl gid cd vdt tu
vat lieu, cude van tdi tdng nhilu Do vdy da tim mpi each dua
nhung vdt tu kem chit lupng, gia re vd tim cdch bdt xen riit rudt
cdng trinh, thi cdng sai lech vdi thiet ke nhdm bu d i p chi phi v l gid ca nen da anh hudng d i n chit lupng cdng trinh
2- vi tu vin thiit ki: Nguyen nhdn
chit lupng cdng trinh khdng bdo dam, phdn Idn phu thudc vao viec khao sat thilt k l cdng trinh, nhilu cdng trinh tinh todn khdng ddy du cac y l u td theo quy dinh ddn tdi thilt k l sai phai dilu chlnh nhilu l l n Cd hai v i n d l ddng quan tdm Id: - _
- Thilt k l thudng vUdt qua yeu elu ciia dy todn ddu tu, sir dung cac loai vdt lieu d i t tiln de cd tdng mirc d i u tu cao
tu dd cd thilt k l phi cao, khi tham djnh
vd thi cdng cdng trinh do yeu c l u ciia Tdng dy todn phai cdt bd mdt sd hang muc hoac chi tilt lai khdng dupc tinh todn ky do dd dd anh hudng d i n chit lupng
- Thilt k l khd phd biln la khdng dung tieu chuan quy chuan, chl dua tren kit qua khdo sat sd sdi Nhilu trudng hpp do chil d i u tu yeu c l u nen khao sdt cdn don gian, chua theo quy djnh, nhlt
la phan mdng Khdo sat sai, d i n tdi thilt
k l sai, chat lupng cdng trinh thip, nhumg hien tupng lun, nurt, thim, dot, sap dd thudng xay ra
Mat khdc nang luc ciia mpt s l doanh nghiep lam tu v i n thilt k l cdn thip, khdng it don vj tu v i n thilt k l tu nhan mdi dupc thdnh lap thieu cdn bd chuyen mdn, it kinh nghiem, phai chilu theo y ciia lanh dao, chii d i u tu, bdo sao lam vdy, thilu dpc lap suy nghT Mdt sd hien tupng chil d i u tu thay ddi quy md cdng trinh, nhung lai khdng c h l tdng mure du todn dupc duyet de d i n qud trinh thi cdng xin bd sung Do vay tuvdn thilt k l phdi gd ep cho du de cd thilt k l giao nop Cung vdi nhOmg v i n d l neu tren hien nay chit lupng cdn bd lam tu v i n thiet k l cdn y l u v l kiln thiic, ehua ndm vumg tieu chuan quy chuan, khdng dupc thudng xuyen tap huln ndng cao trinh
dp, mpt sd cdn bd lam thilt k l nhung khdng cd chiing chi hdnh nghi nen co hien tupng mupn ngudi ky thay de co ban ye thilt k l , day cung Id nhumg v i n
d l c i n phdi chin chinh
3- Cong tac tham tra, tha'm dinh chua dugc coi trgng, hien nay do viec phan
c l p rdng rdi, r i t nhilu don vj cd chirc ndng tham djnh trong khi dd dpi ngu cdn
bp tham dinh ndng luc y l u , chua cd thyc
t l va kinh nghiem, khdng it trudng hpp tham dinh sai^ hoac tham dinh khdng diing tieu chuan, sau khi h i so thilt ke
NGUdi XAY DUNG s6 THANG 6-2011
Trang 3Chd xay di/ng xong khong co ngudi vao buon ban
dupe tham dinh, thi cdng vdn phdi bd sung dilu ehinh da lam
anh hudng d i n chit lupng cdng trinh
4- Cong tac diu thau ke ca hai hinh thiirc thiu hien nay Id
chl dinh thdu va ddu thdu deu cd nhieu han che, edn ehay chpt,
dut Idt de dupe chi djnh thiu, mdt sd ddn vi dUdc thiu edng
trinh nang luc ehuyen mdn, khd nang thi cdng chua dap umg
yeu c l u do vdy khi thi edng lai phdi thue B khae vdo lam Khi
d i u thiu nhilu doanh nghiep thudng bd gid thip (thip hdn gid
sdn) nhung bipn phap thue hien lai khdng bao dam, chi elt sao
duoe trung thiu, khi thi cdng lai tim cdch thuyit minh, chdng
chl, tim each de ra phat sinh de xin bd sung phin thieu hut nhu
thilt k l thilu, thay ddi ehiing loai vdt tu, gid trj nhdn edng da
lam anh hudng khdng nhd d i n ehdt lupng cdng trinh
5- Khau thi cong xay lap: Tuy thdi gian qua cd nhieu don vj
cd nang luc thi edng, trang thilt bj hien dai, thi cdng nhung cdng
trinh Idn cdp qudc gia dat tieu chuan chit lupng thi cdn khdng
it don vj nang luc yeu, trang thilt bj phuc vu cho thi cdng chua
dap umg yeu c l u , dpi ngu cdn bd ky thudt, cdng nhdn cd tay
nghi cao qua it, nen khi thi cdng khdng bdo dam tieu chuan Wy
thudt, khdng bao dam an toan, chit lupng thip Trong khi dd
nang lye gidm sdt rit mdng, cdn bd Idm cdng tdc giarn sdt nang
lue y l u , thilu kinh nghiem, dilu dang ndi Id mdt sd gidm sat
vien edn thdng ddng vdi nhd thiu rut rudt cdng trinh, thi cdng
sai thilt k l , chip hdnh gid gilc ky cuong l<y ludt ehua nghiem
Viee gidm sat ciia cdng ddng cdn han c h l Mat khae cdng tac
thanh tra, kiem tra chua dupe quan tdm chi dao sat sao, luc
ludng va bd may thanh tra cdn it ke ca can bd va trang thiet bj,
dpi ngu can bd Idm cdng tdc thanh tra cdn chip vd, nang luc
han c h l , chua ehii ddng phdt hien dUdc nhung sai pham, phin
Idn viec phdt hien nhung sai pham trong xdy dung la do quin
Chung nhan ddn hoac do cdng nhan xdy dung phdt hien td gidc
Bien phdp xur ly sau thanh tra chua dupe kjp thdi, chu y l u Id x(l
ly hanh chinh, chua dii sufc ran de nhumg sai pham, mdt sd
cdng trinh chit lupng kem ehua dupc kjp thdi chin chlnh da
gidm Idng tin cua can bd quin ehung vd nhan dan Cdng tde
kiem djnh chit lupng trong thdi gian qua chua dupe chi dao
chat ehe, phat trien nhilu don vj cd chire nang kiem djnh chit
lupng nhung trang thilt bj chua dly dii, kit ludn kiem djnh thilu
chinh xac Nhilu cdng trinh Idm cac thii tuc kiem dinh cdn
CHAT Ll/dNG CONG TRINH XAY Dl/NG Cd BAN
mang tinh hinh thuc, thii tuc de dupc xdy dung, mdt sd cdng trinh khi cd sued thi mdi thiy Id cdng tdc kiem djnh chit lupng cdn sd sai chua dupc chu y va coi trpng
6- Cong tac dao tao bdi dudng can
bg tuy da cd cd gdng, song chua tap
trung eao ddo tao bdi dudng kiln thyc nghiep vu nhu: Qudn ly xdy dung, cdn
bp Idm giam sat, tu vdn thilt kl Viec cap chimg chi hdnh nghi chua dupe chl dao chat.che, nhung hien tupng nhu mupn bdng elp, mupn chiing chi hdnh nghi edn dien ra cung dnh hudng Idn den chit lupng edng trinh
Viec phdn c l p qudn ly d i u tu xay dung Id mdt chii truong dung ddn, da phdt huy dupe vai trd ehii ddng sdng tao, ndng cao quyin han trdch nhiem ddi vdi Cdsd trong xdy dung, song trong khi dd nang lue trinh dp can bd nhlt Id
d cd sd ehua ddp umg yeu c l u nhlt la v l ehuyen mdn nghiep vu Chu ddu t u d c d
sd thudng khdng cd kiln thue XDCB nen qua trinh xdy dung phai hoan toan
di thue tu tu v i n thilt ke d i n gidm sdt, nghiem thu nhieu sai pham ve ehdt lupng cdng trinh d ed sd, chu d i u tu thudng dd hit trdch nhiem eho nha thiu, t u v i n thilt k l , giam sat, thi cdng, mdt sd chil d i u tu rdt lung tiing trong chi dao, thudng y lai va dua vao nhd thiu, it cd ehinh kiln eiia minh Mat khdc edng tdc cdi cdch thu tuc hanh chinh vdn cdn rudm rd nen cung dnh hudng d i n tiln dp va chit lupng cdng trinh
II Mot sd bien phap nang cao chit lu'dng cong trinh xay dung cd ban Tir rihumg v i n d l neu tren de nang
cao chit lupng xdy dung edng trinh c i n tap trung Idm tdt mdt sd v i n d l cd ban sau:
1 Tang eudng edng tdc tuyen truyin gido due ndng cao y thdc trdch nhiem cho cac td chirc ed lien quan d i n XDCB, ciio can bd va nhdn ddn nhan thUc sdu
s i c v l t i m quan trpng ciia viec ndng cao chit lupng cdng trinh XDCB, nim vumg cdc luat nhu Ludt Xay dung, Ludt
D i t dai, Ludt Thanh tra, cdc nghj djnh, thdng tu hudng d i n y l chit lupng xdy dyng, tao dupc su ddng thuan ve yeu
c l u phai ndng cao chdt lupng XDCB, tang cudng gidm sat ciia cpng ddng xa hdi, bao darn ddn chii cdng khai nhdt Id cdng khai v l quy hoach XD, chu trudng ddu tu, edng tdc ddu thiu dua v i n de quan ly va ndng cao chit lupng xay
NGUdi XAY DUNG sd THANG 6 • 201 1
Trang 4CHAT I irriwfi rflMR TRJMH XAY Dlftlfi Ctf BAN.,
dung vdo n l nip
2 De khlc phuc tinh trang d i u tu
dan trai, keo ddi, khdng cd hieu qua,
chit lupng thip c i n cdng khai iida vdn
ddu tu, bdo ddm su gidm sdt cua Qudc
hpi, HDI^D cdc c l p vd nhan ddn v l chii
truong d i u tu, sau dd tham gia gidm sat
d i u thdu va thi cdng xay dung C i n cd
Cd c h l chinh sach hd trp v l gia vat tu,
vat lieu, cude van tai, khi gid thi trudng
cao hon so vdi gia du todn, nhdt la ddi
vdi nhung edng trinh d i u thiu trpn gdi
Mat khdc, c i n quan tam bd tri kinh phi
eho tu v i n phan bien de ddng gdp va
phdt hien sai sdt v l chit lupng cdng
trinh
3 Nang cao chit lupng tu v i n khdo
sdt thilt k l vd gidm sat edng trinh xay
dung
Ddy Id v i n d l h i t sifc quan trpng
dnh hudng true tilp d i n chit lupng
edng trinh C i n ed quy djnh rd hon de
nang cao trdch nhiem ciia ed quan tu
v i n lap du dn, khdo sat va thilt k l , phai
kien quylt thuc hien viec xdc dinh trdch
nhiern ciia ngudi khdo sat, tu v i n thilt
k l ddi vdi nhung sai sdt trong cdng tac
khao sdt thilt ke vd du todn gid trj cdng
trinh, khlc phuc tinh trang khao sdt,
thilt k l sd sdi qua loa, xa rdi thuc t l
Tap trung d i u tu ndng cao ndng lue ciia
cdc ddn vj tu v i n khdo sdt thilt k l v l
eon ngudi va trang thilt bj, ra sodt lai
cdc don vj cd nhiem vu tu v i n khdo sat
thilt k l , nhumg td chiic va cd nhdn
khdng dii tieu chuan thi kien quylt xit
ly, trdnh hien tupng thue hodc mupn
danh nghTa de khdo sdt thilt k l cdng
trinh Ddi mdi ed c h l giam sat d i u tu
XDCB ke cd chit lupng va gid thanh
xdy dung, de gidm sdt cd tinh khdeh
quan phai bao ddm td chUc gidm sdt
dde lap vdi td churc thi cdng xay lip, xit
ly ngiiiem minh nhumg trudng hpp gidm
sat kit hpp ydi ddn vj thi cdng xdy lip
lam sai thilt k l , rut rudt cdng trinti
Quan tdm chdm lo d i n edng tdc thanh
tra xdy dung, tang them quyin han
trdch nhiem, d i u tu trang thiet bj lam
thanh tra bao dam eho thanh tra phdi la
cdng eu die lyc cd hieu qua v l ndng
cao chit lupng xdy dyng cdng trinh
4 Nang cao chit lupng thi cdng xdy
dung edng trinh
Trudc h i t de bdo ddm chit lupng
phai lam tdt khdu tuyen chpn nhd thiu
qua d i u thiu hoac chi dinh thiu, nha
thiu phdi du ndng lyc, tin nhiem thyc
hien dung thilt ke cdng trinh (ddi vdi
\
Nha do' d dudng Huynh Thuc Khang - Ha Noi
nhumg edng trinh Idn phye tap c i n phai dupe tiiam tra va lly y kiln cua tu v i n phdn bien de ed phUdng an tdi uu) Trong thi cdng xdy dung cdng trinh phdi bao dam diing quy trinh quy pham, dung tien dp, an toan lao ddng Nang cao traeh nhiem eiia dom vj thi cdng xay dung cdng trinh, de xay ra mdt an todn khdng dam bdo chit IUdng thi chu d i u tu vd nha thiu thi cdng xay dung phdi ehju trdch nhiem la chinh, khdng dd ldi ca cho nhung dom vj va td ehufc cd lien quan
5 Ndng cao y thiifc trdch nhiem cua chu d i u tu va Ban qudn
ly du dn BQL dU an vd ehii ddu tu phai la ngudi chii that su nen phdi CO dil trinh dp, edng tam khdeh quan, khdng ne nang vdi nha thiu khi phdt hien sai sdt Do vay phai dupe tuyen chpn that
ky, dd phai Id nhumg ngudi cd dure, ed tai cd tac phong lam viec khoa hpc va ldnh manh Odng thdi Nha nudc cung phai cd c i i i
dp dai ngd thich ddng, tang them thu nhap cho hp, cd kinh phi giao djch de thue hien nhiem vu, phai cd quy c h l lam viec ciia BQL du an, quy djnh rd chiic nang nhiem vu, mdi quan he vdi chil d i u tu, nha thiu va l l ldi lam viec Thudng xuyen kiem tra kiem sodt trong qud trinh xay dung Kliu BQL du an, chii d i u tU
cd ndng luc y thufc trdch nhipm thi viec thue hien cac nhiem vu XDCB se thudn lpi hom, chit lUdng cdng trinh se bao dam t i t hon
6 Tang cudng cdng tac dao tao bdi dudng can bd
Xay dung vd hodn chinh he thing chuong trinh dao tao bdi dudng can bd ngdnh xdy dyng: Can bd quan ly, nghiep vu gidm sat, edng tdc thanh tra, tu v i n thilt k l , thi cdng, chii ddu tu, nhlt
Id can bd ldm cdng tdc xay dung d cd sd xa phudng thj trin
tieh cue md cdc Idp bdi dudng, tap huln v l chit lupng xdy dung edng trinh tai cdc tinh thanh Thue hien tdt viec cdp chimg chl hdnh nghi xdy dung, ngudi dupe c l p chdng ciii hanh nghi phdi qua cdc Idp bdi dudng phai dupc ddo tao cd ban va dUdc ra soat chat che v l nguyen tie, thii tuc bao dam dp tin cdy trong hanh nghe xdy dung Thuc hien tdt cong tdc cai each hanh chinh, gidm bdt nhumg thu tuc khdng c i n thilt trong d i u tu xdv duna coban ' Thye hien t i t mdt sd bien phdp tren ddy, hy vpng chit lUdng
cdng trinh XDCB se dupc ndng len, han c h l dan nhumg tieu cue trong d i u tu X D C B •
NGUdi XAY DI/NG S 6 THANG 6 - 2011