Cdch thu nhdt: Tiich din van ban. Trong quan li, cac vin de, su vide, hanh vi diln ra trong thuc te ftiudng dupc van ban hda bang cac the loai riax bien bdn, bdo cdo, cong van, t& [r]
Trang 1Cach trinh bay luan cufiapiuan
trong van ban quan ly nha niriic
• D 6 THj THANH NGA
Truing Dai hoc Noi vu Ha Ndi
Van ban quan h nha nuac thuc hien chiic nang thong tin, chiic nang phap U va chiic nang quan li
De thuc hien dugc cac chiic nang nay, yeu cau khi soan thao van ban can dam bao tinh muc dich, tinh chinh xac; dugc trinh bay ro rang, de hieu, ngan gpn, sat thuc tien, co tinh kha thi va phai dam bao tinh hgp hien, hgp phap Muon vay, van ban can dua vao nhiing luan cii, h le xac dang lam ca so thi ket
luan m6i co tinh thuyet phuc Khi sii dung luan cii lap luan, ngudi soan thao van ban quan li nha nudc
can phan loai luan cti, nam dugc nguyen tic va each thiic vien dSn thi se tao nen tinh chat che va thuyet phuc cho van ban
1 Vai tro cua luan cir lap luan trong van ban
quan U nha nu^c (VBQLP»JN)
Xet mpt each tdng the, cau tnic lap luan trong
VBQLNN ciing co nhiing thanh phin nhu cau tnic cua
mpt lap luan thdng thuong Do la: luan cii, ket luan,
^lan he giiia luan cii voi luan cii, luan cii voi ket luan
Trong cau tnic cua lap luan noi chung, luan cii la mot
trong hai thanh phan co ban, dupc coi la tien de de di
tdi ket luan Cdn trong VBQLNN, de di dki kk luan,
phai dua ra day dii ca luan cii phap li (LCPL) va luan
cii thuc te (LCTT) va vien din chung theo nhung
nguyen tac nhat dinh
Dac thu cua hoat dpng quan li nha nuoc bao gom
toan bp cac hoat ddng tir ban hanh cac van ban luat, cac
van ban niMig tinh luat den viec chi dao true tiep hoat
dpng ciia ddi tupng bi quan ly va van de tu phap ddi
voi ddi tuoi^ quan ly can Ihiet cua Nha nuoc Nha nudc
quan U cac tmh vuc hoat dpng trong xa hpi thdng qua
cac quy pham phap luat Nhung luat le Wnh thanh da
dupc xac lap cac quy tic xu su chung, tao ndn hanh
lang phap Ii hudng dSn, dieu chinh, chi phoi tat ca cac
quan he xa hdi Ve nguyen tac, mpi hoat ddng quan li
dien ra deu phai trong khudn khd phap li, can chuan
theo khuon khd phap li Vay nen, viec vien din cac van
ban cua cip tren lam tidn de, ca sd cho viec giai quyet
cac cdng viec trong hoat ddng quan li la viec thudng
thay ddi vdi cac ca quan, dan vi, to chiic va dieu nay the Men rit ro trong VBQLNN
Neu CO sd ciia lip luan trong ddi thudng la cac le thuang, nghia la "nhiing chan li ihdng thudng cd tinh
kinh nghiem, khdng co tinh tit yeu, bat bupc nhu cac tien de logic", hoac ket hpp LCTT vdi luan cii khoa hpc, thi ca sd lap luan cua cac VBQLNN lai la cac LCPL va LCTT Day la mdt dac thu cua lap luan trong van ban hanh chinh, thieu mdt trong hai luan cii nay, van ban cd the se di chech cac quy dinh phap li va xa rdi thuc te, khdng dap ung hay giai quyet dupc cac van
de dat ra cua thuc tien quan li hay ciia ddi sdng
2 THnh bay luan cii lap luSn trong VBQLNN
a) Luan cii- mang tinh phdp li LCPL trong lajp luan cua VBQLNN chinh la cac can
cii phap ly de ban hanh van ban LCPL thudng la nhiing quy pham da dugc the che hda bang cac van ban quy pham phap luat (VBQPPL) ciia co quan nha nudc cip tren dang cd hidu luc tai thdi diem ban hanh van ban
dd, hoac nhiing van ban chi dao ciia cap tren hay cua chinh CO quan ban hanh van ban da ban hanh va dang
CO hieu luc phap luat tai thdi diem ban hanh van ban
ma cd lien quan tdi ndi dung van ban
Theo quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dieu 3 Nghi dinh sd
135/2003/ND-CP ciia Chinh phu vk kiem fra va xu ly
VBQPPL, van ban dupc ban hanh dimg can cii phap ly
Ly In^n c h i n h tri & l ^ u y ^ n thong
Trang 2la van ban dam bao dit cic yeu can
"Co can cii phap ly cho viic ban hdnh Nghia la da
CO VBQPPL ciia cdc ca quan nhd nuac cdp tren quy
dmhvi thdm quyin chuc nang nhiem vu ciia ca quan
ban hanh van bdn m vdn di thuoc doi tuang phtim vi
diiu chinh ciia vdn hdn hodc van ban do chmh caquan
ban hanh van bdn dd ban hdnh co hieu lifcphap ly cao
han vdn ban mdi ban hdnh quy dinh vi vdn de thuoc
ddi tuang pham vi diiu chinh ciia vdn hdn mat:
mang cdn cir phdp ly do dang cd hiiu luc phap
ludt vdo thdi diim ban hdnh Nghia Id vdo thai diem
ban hanh vdn bdn, cdc vdn bdn duac lay Idrn can cu
phdp ly chua hi sua ddi, hdi hd huy bd dink ehi (hi
ngung hiiu luc) hodc hit hieu luc:
Ca quan thu truing dan vi trinh dl/ thdo van ban
CO thdm quyin trinh theo quy dmh cuaphdp ludt nghia
id cht nhiing ca quan thii trudng ca quan dan vi CO
thdm quyin qudn ly nhd nudc vi timg linh vuc cuthe
theo timg dp qudn ly men cd quyin trinh du thao
VBQPPLvi linh vuc do len caquan nguai co tham
quyin ban hanh vdn bin theo cdp phi hap"
Vai tto cUa can cit phap li la eo so vo cimg quan
ttong di khing dinh tinh hpp hien, hgp phap cua
VBQLNN Niu mpt van ban ban hanh dting can cu
phap ly, ban hanh dung thim quyin, npi dung van ban
phu hgp vdt quy dinh cua phap luat dugc ban hanh
dirng ttinh tu, thu tuc, thi thuc vaky thuat trinh bay theo
quy dinh eua phap luit thi do la mpt van ban co tinh
hpp hiin, hpp phip, c5 hieu lue phap li va co tinh kha
thi N6i nhu vay ciing co ngMa la, LCPL chinh la tten
di la dieu k,en ein thiit, khong the vang mat trong dai
lap luan cita van ban LCPL diy du, phu hgp se dan tot
kit luin cua toin van ban dting, mang hnh khoa hpc,
phu hpp va CO hieu luc thi hanh
Vtec ttinh bay trich din cac LCPL trong lap Itian cua
VBQLNN thuong man theo nhiing nguyen tac nhat dinh:
Thli nhat, co sd phap U cua van ban phi, la
VBQPPL hoac van bin ca biet (VBCB) ttuc nep hen
quan toi chit di van ban Ching han co so phap li eua
Nghi dinh la Luat T6 chuc Chinh phu, Luat Ban hanh
VBQPPL va cac luat, nghi quyit cua Qtioc hpi; lenh,
quyet dinh cua Chi, tich nudc quy dmh ve tham quyen
cua Chinh phi hoac co noi dung lien quan den chu de
ciia van ban
Hoac quyit dinh cua iiy ban nhan dan cac cap eo eo
sd phap 11 la Luat To chuc chinh quyen dia phuang:
Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL; VBQPPL cua CO quantr uong, cua uy ban nhan din cap tten v i nghi quyet o hoi ding nhan dan cimg eip ma van ban c6 nbi6m1|
cu thi hoa di ti chic thuc hien d dia phuong
• a van bin hinh cUnh thong thudng, co it ttuci^
hgp VBQPPL duoc dung lim LCPL mi thuong | VBCB c6 npi dung chi dao, dinh hudng Uen quanf noi dung cin lap luan
.-• Thir hai, co sd phap 11 ctia van bin phai la ntang
van bin dang c6 hieu luc phap luat vao thdi diemvt ban do duoc ban hanh
Ch3nghan,LuatBanhanh VBQPPL2015 COcopr
phap ly la Hiin phap 2013, khong the sti duiig Bm
phap 1992, sita dii b i sung mm 2001, vi Hienphfi:
nay da hit hieu luc
Cich ttinh bay LCPLttong VBQLNN thuongtta,
mdtsocaeh: ,: ,, <
C&ft (M nM'c Dua ra cac LCPL theo lo, khai qmt
- gian tiip bSng viec chi vien din ten van ban ttuc ti^
hen quan tdi noi dung van ban Van bin dugc duaia lam luan cit phii c6 hieu luc phap U cao hon van ta dang soan thao Van ban lam co sd phap ly dupc A ten loai, si ki hieu, ngiy thing, co quan ban hanh, tticl yiu noi dung van bin hoac neu ten mpt dieu, khoan, mjc eua van bin dupe ttich din mi khong ttinh bay cu lie noi dung van ban hoac no, dung dieu, muc, khoan Jo
' Cdch thir hat: LCPL dupc ttinh bay theo im m
thi - ttuc tiip Trong ttudng hpp nay, ngoi, viec *icK neu ra ten, s6 ki hieu, ngay thing, tac gia, ttich yeuaoi dung van bin hoac diiu, khoin, muc so bao nhieu, coE
eu the hoa luon not dung cia phan dugc ttich dankeir,
theo di minh hpa cho li le cin lap luan
b) Ludn cu Ihuc ti ,
Nhutien da ndi, LCTT la mgt ttong halloa, Ititmffl bit buoc phai cd ttong lap luan cua VBQLNN LCLl cua VBQLNN duoc hiiu 14 h,6n thuc khach quan tae dong chi phii tdi noi dung van bin Hen thuc ktocl, quanniyc6thelanhitaghanhvi,suviec,vSndexaym
ttong thuc ti; hoac cd thi la van ban_ phip h the m
nhung hoat dong ttirc tiip lien quan den vtec g,a, quya cong viec phit sinh nhu: Men ban v, pham, don kinai quyit vu viec LCTT giup cho lap luan cua van W duoc thuc hien CP CO sd thijc te va npi dung van ban se giii quyit duoc nhiing vin de ton tai cua thuc te quan B
V6 each ttinh bay cic LCTT ttong VBQLNN:
So thdng 6-201i
Trang 3Cdch thu nhdt: Tiich din van ban
Trong quan li, cac vin de, su vide, hanh vi diln ra
trong thuc te ftiudng dupc van ban hda bang cac the loai
riax bien bdn, bdo cdo, cong van, t& trinh, ke hoach, dan
tir Chinh nhiing van ban nay chiia dung thdng tin
mang tinh thuc te Do do, de dua ra nhung luan cii mang
tinh thuc te phuc vu cho viec lap luan ciia van ban, viec
vien 6m nhiing van ban ay la bieu hien diudng thay
trong VBQLNN Vien d§n cd the theo ldi khai quat
-gian tiep hoac cd thd theo ldi cu the - true tiep
Vien din theo ldi khai quat - gian tiep la chi neu ten
loai, sd ki hieu, ngay thang, ca quan, ca nhan ban hanh
va trich ydu ndi dung van ban Trong trudng hop nay,
lai xuit hien cpian he hen van ban va tinh chat bac cau
vdi thuc te da dugc chi ra d cac van ban Uich din Va
tit nhien, lap luan khdng cdn nim trong pham vi mdt
van ban ma da vupt ra pham vi bdn ngoai
Vien din theo loi cu the - true tiep la viec trich dan
thdng tin cu the til mpt phan, mpt muc nao do cua van
ban Ngoai viec van neu ten loai, sd ki hieu, ngay thang,
tac gia, trich ydu ndi dung van ban, LCTT se la phan
npi dung cu thi dugc trich din theo ldi true tiep Cd the
dung nhieu ldi didn dat khac nhau dk ttinh bay
Cdch thu hai: Vien din y kidn cua mdt ca quan, dem
vi, ca nhan trinh bay nhiing van de, su viec thuc te
cd hen quan tdi npi dung lap luan (y kien nay cd thd
bing van ban, cd thk true tiep) _ ,
Vdi van ban cd ndi dung trinh bay theo ket cau
"dieu khoan", viec vien din van ban thudng dugc the
hien dudi dang mlu cau bit diu bing tir "Xet", "Theo"
Vdi van ban cd ndi dung trinh bay khdng theo kdt cau
dieu khoan, viec vien din van ban lam ca sd thuc te cd
the diing dang mlu can bit diu bang tif "Xet", "Theo",
ciing cd the dupc the hien b i i ^ nhigu each khac nhau,
tuy Iheo ngudi soan thao lira chpn
E)di vdi VBQPPL, cac luan cii lan co sd tiiuc te cho
npi dung van ban kha da dang, cd the vien din van ban
hoac hanh vi de nghi cua co quan soan thao va ca quan
thim djnh van ban de chiing mmh van ban dupc ban
hanh dung thu tuc do luat phap quydjnh; xac lap nhiing
muc dich true tilp cua van ban nhim thd hien tinh kip
thdi, dap ling nhiing nhu ciu cua ddi sdng xa hpi cua
van ban dd Trong tmdng hop, khi VBQPPL dupc ban
hanh dg tnJc ngp thg chd hda va td chiic thuc hien
dudng ldi cua cip uy Dang cd thim^ quyen thi cd the
vien din van ban ciia Dang nhim the hien van ban dd
dap ling dupc ddi hdi ve chinh tri
Cdch thu ba • Trinh bay LCTT bing viec ngu cu the
su viec, vin dk, sir kien da, dang va se dien ra trong thuc
te Trong ttudng hgp nay, viec sii dung cac cum ni:
tmng thai gian qua tinh hinh hien nay, theo bdo cdo
CO mot thvc ti la tmng ndm ., qm s6 lifu thdng ki
ttd thanh cac diu hieu hmh thirc danh diu cac luan cii
la cac su viec, vin de thuc tg Nhd tinh chi tiet, cu the cua LCTT ma ndi dung van ban sat vdi thuc td va van ban mang tinh kha thi
Cac din chiing thuc tg dupc dua ra lam luan cii ttong VBQLNN thudng cd tinh cu thg, minh xac, ddi khi bang ca sd lieu Dieu nay cd siic nang hon nhidu ldi binh luan, danh gia, lam tang them tinh chat che, chinh xac cho VBQLNN Tir dd, nhimg kdt luan dua ra se c6 tinh tiiuygt phuc
Thanh phin kit luan cua lap luan ttong VBQLNN
cd y nghia rit quan ttpng Quan ttpng d chd VBQLNN
la phucmg tien lam viec, la phat ngon chinh tiiirc cua nha nudc, ciia ca quan, don vi, td chiic trong hoat dpng lanh dao, chi dao, quan li, didu hanh Doi vdi VBQPPL, tiidng tin ttong van ban lam hanh lang phap li cua hoat ddng quan li nha nudc, quan li xa hdi, giii vai ttd dieu chinh cac quan he xa hpi; ddi vdi VBQLNN tiidng thudng, tiidng tin ttong van ban dupc xac dinh la su thdng bao, tt^o ddi thdng tin, su giao dich mdt each chinh thiic ttong qua trinh giai_ quylt cdng viec ttong mpi CO quan, td chiic Do dd, kit luan ttong VBQLNN chinh la ndi dung cac quy pham hoac la su danh gia, xac nhan, dl xuit, kien nghi cua co quan, don vi, td chiic va ludn cd tinh tudng minh, sat vdi muc dich ban hanh van ban Dilu nay giiip cho viec trien khai va thirc hien van ban dupc dg dang
Vdi tti each la mpt tiianh phin co ban ttong ciu ttiic lap luan cua VBQLNN, LCPL va LCTT dong vai ttd
vd Cling quan ttpng ttong viec dinh hudng ket luan cua
van ban Ndu khdng bam tm tten hai LCPL va tiiirc tl,
chic chin kit luan ttong VBQLNN hoac la sai lech chu truang, dudng hudng, nhung quy dinh mang tinh phap
ly aia cip tten; hoac xa rdi, khdng sat tiiuc te Dieu nay khiln cho van ban se thilu can cii, khdng phu hop, khd
cd tinh kha thi Viec trinh bay cac tuan cii ttong VBQLNN nhu tten khdng chi tao nen ca sd lap luan chat che cho van ban ma cdn tao ndn mdi quan he chat che vl mat ndi dung ttong he tiiong cac van ban co lign quan vdi nhau ve mat chu deO
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