Nhirng nam gdn day cung vdi hang loat nguyen lieu khoang cha't khac nhu : quang sdt, crOm, chi, kem, mangan... quang titan da ndi len nhu mOt "hien tugng" trong ITnh vuc dieu [r]
Trang 130(4), 308-313 Tap chi CAC KHOA HOC VE TRAI OAT 12-2008
SAN XUAT QUE H A N DIEN
NGUYEN NGOC TRLTONG, NGUYEN VAN HUAN DOAN MINH CHAN, HOANG MINH PHUONG
I Md DAU Nhirng nam gdn day cung vdi hang loat nguyen
lieu khoang cha't khac nhu : quang sdt, crOm, chi,
kem, mangan quang titan da ndi len nhu mOt "hien
tugng" trong ITnh vuc dieu tra, khai thdc, che' bie'n
va xudt khdu thie'u quy hoach gay thdt thoat tai
nguyen, 0 nhiem mOi trudng sinh thai d nhieu khu
vuc nude ta
Nam 2006, Thil tudng Chinh phii da ra Chi thi
lO/CT-CP vdi nOi dung co ban de'n nam 2008 nha
nude cdm hoan toan cac td chirc, ca nhan xudt khdu
tho nguyen lieu khoang trong dd cd quang titan sa
khoang vd quang gdc
Nghien ciru cOng nghe che'bie'n va sir dung dap
irng yeu cdu ciia nen kinh te nang dOng dat ra cho
cac nha khoa hgc va cac td chirc khoa hgc cOng nghe
nhieu hudng nghien cuu che' bie'n lam gidu va sir
dung quang titan cd Xiim nang to Idn cila nude ta
Hoan nguyen ilmenit la cOng nghe che'bie'n ddp
irng yeu cdu lain nguyen lieu san xua't que han dien
dugc cac nha may san xudt que han trong nude nhap
khdu tir nhieu qudc gia nhu Han Qudc, Trung Qudc
Nghien ciru irng dung cOng nghe hoan nguyen
quang ilmenit sa khoang bien cua Viet Nam lam
nguyen lieu san xudt que han dien thay the' hang
nhap ngoai da dugc nhdm can bO cila trudng Dai
hgc Khoa hgc Tu nhien do Pgs Ts Nguyen Nggc
Trudng lam chii nhiem phdi hgp vdi cac nhd cong
nghe ciia cOng ty Silicat Viet An - Hai Phdng thuc
hien thanh cong nam 2006 - 2007
Day chuyen san xudt ilmenit hoan nguyen xay
dung tai Cty Silicat Viet An hoat dOng vdi cOng
sudt 100 tdn/thang, de'n nay da cung cdp cho cac co
sd san xudt que han dien hang nghin tdn san phdm
II SO LLTOC VE KHOANG SAN 'HTAN
1 Cac khoang vat cua titan trong tu nhien
Nguyen td kiin loai titan dugc phat hien nam
1797, nhung tinh che'kim loai titan tinh khie't tir tinh quang thien nhien chi thanh cOng vao nam 1875 Nguyen td kim loai titan nam d 0 sd 22 bang tudn hoan Mendeleep, vdi cac thOng sd dac trung :
ky hieu Ti, sd thir tu 22, cdu hinh dien tu 1S^2S^2P'' 3S^3P''3d^4S^ nguyen tu lugng 47,90 The ion hoa 6.82, dien am 1.5 nhiet dO ndng chdy 1.668 °C, nhiet do sOi 3.260 °C
De'n nay ngudi ta da phat hien hon 80 khoang vat trong tu nhien | 1 , 3| cd titan tham gia thanh phdn hoa hgc cua chiing d dang nguyen td chinh va nguyen td thay the' ddng hinh Trong vd Trai Da't tri
sd Clac ciia titan la 0,57% khdi lugng, chiing tap
trung chii ye'u d 20 khoang vat neu trong bdng 7
Cac khoang vat neu tren tim tha'y trong cac thanh tao dia chdt nOi sinh lien quan vdi hoat dOng magma mafic - sieu mafic kiem, magma kiem va pegmatit kiem, cac trdm tich luc dia va sa khoang ven bie'n tudi tir Paleozoi - Mezozoi de'n De Tir
2 Sa lucre ve khoang san titan a Viet Nam
Theo tai lieu cila Cue dia chat va Khoang san Viet Nam |51 tren dia phan nude ta da phat hien tren
66 tu khoang va diem khoang vdi hai kie'u ngudn gdc thanh tao magma va sa khoang Cac md sa khoang ilmenit chii ye'u Id sa khoang bie'n va phan
bd d ddi ven bd ciia nude ta {hinh 1)
Quang titan gdc hien nay chi phat hien dugc d khu vuc Thai Nguyen Tuyen Quang lien quan chu ye'u de'n cdc thanh tao magma phan Idp lerzolit -vebsterit - gabronorit vd monsonitoid khdi Niii Chiia
Trang 2Bang 1 Cac khoang vat tu nhien chOra titan
TT Ten khoane vat COng thire hoa hoc
1 Rutin
2 Amatas
3 Brukit
4 Ilmenit
5 Ilmenorutin
6 Arizonit
7 Pseudobrukit
8 Peropskit
9 Pirophanit
10 Senait
11 Uligit
12 Titanomanhetit
13 Leicosen
14 Loparit
15 Ziakelir
16 Canlopskin
17 Sphen
18 Leucosphenit
19 Lorenzenit
20 Lamprophilit
Ti02 Ti02 TiOz FeTiO, (Ti,Fe,Nb)02
F e z C T i O j Fe20,Ti02 CaTiO, MuTiO, (Fe,Mu,p')Ti03 Ca(Zn,Ti)205 Fe,04 FeTiO, FeTiO, (Na,Ce,Sr,Ca)(NbTi02) (Ca,Fe)Zn,Ti,Th)205 (Fe, Ce)20,4(Ti, SDO, CaTiSi04
NaBaTi02(Si20<i)5 Na2Ti02Si207 Na,TiO,(Si207)0,F
Thanh phdn hod hgc quang titan gdc va sa khoang
cd su khac biet rdt rd rang, the hien tinh da ngudn
cung ca'p {bang 2)
Thanh phdn khoang vat quang titan dugc chiing
toi tie'n hanh phan tich bdng cac phuong phap truyen
thdng (trgng sa, quang hgc tinh the") va phuong phap
hien dai (nhieu xa Rdfngcn, Micro.sond) Kei qua
phan tich dugc tdng hgp d bdng 3
Tdng tru' lugng quang titan gdc, sa khoang ven
bie'n va them luc dia du bao se len tdi tren 50 - 60
trieu ta'n Vdi lugng tai nguyen nay Viet Nam duoc
xe'p vao sd 3 - 4 qudc gia cd tru lugng quang titan
Idn tren the gidi
iTng dung cila kim loai titan va cac hgp chdt
titan cd the tim tha'y trong dia chi nhieu nganh cOng
nghiep mui nhgn, cOng nghiep then chdt nhu : vat
lieu mdi - vat lieu nano, che'tao tdu vu tru, che tao
may bay, che' tao may indc, thiei bi dung cu trong
y te, dugc phdm, my phdm cao cdp
III CONG NGHE HOAN NGUYEN ILMENIT
/ Cac phuong phap che bien quing titan
Tir ngu)'en lieu khoang thien nhien (bang 1) de
cd dugc san phdm cOng nghiep phu hgp vdi irng
dung ciia cac nganh ky thuat khac nhau, cdc nude
Hinh 7 So dd cac die'm md da vd dang khai thdc
tai dai duyen hai Viet Nam tien tien da sir diing cac nhdm phuong phap che bie'n sau :
® Phuong phap hd quang luyen xi titan,
® Phuong phap hoan nguyen ilmenit
® San xudt dioxid titan bdng phuong phap hod hgc :
- Phuong phdp oxy hod vdi xuc tac NH4CI ;
- Phuong phap hoa tan ilmenit bdng acid manh (H2SO4 hoac HQ ) d nhiet dO va dp sudt cao ;
- Cac phuong phap khac
2 Mo ta phuong phap hoan nguyen ilmenit
a) Muc dich cua phitang phap hoan nguyen
Ilmenit Id mOt trong nhung khoang vat oxid cd
do ben virng rdt cao ca ve co ly va hod hgc Trong
309
Trang 3Bdng 2 Tong hdp thanh p h i n hoa hoc tinh quang titan cua Viet Nam
Khu vuc md
Cay Cham - Niii Chiia
TTianh Hda
Ha Tinh
Thira Thien - Hue
Binh Dinh
Binh Thuan
TiOz FeO 40,0-46,7 30,0-37,8 45-57
50-54 50,37 50-52 53,17
35,1 20,1 28,7 25,0 21,8
FejOj 3,1-5,0 9,4 8,9 11,6 15,0 19,2
Ham lugng cac oxid (%)
V2O5
0,4-0,9 0,1 0,1 -0-12
-SiOj AI2O, CU2O3 2,9-3,5 - 0,03 5,63 0.85 0,12 1,78 1,08 0,01
0,21 1-5 0,22 0,(M
0,04
MnO
23 1,50 1,45 -1,12
-CaO 0,08 0,008 0,002 -0,002
-MgO
63
027 0,09 0,17
-027
S 3-8
-Bdng 3 Thanh p h i n khoang vat quang titan
cl Viet Nam
Khu vuc md
va loai quang
Nui Chiia
-Thai Nguyen
(quang gdc)
Sa khoang ven
bie'n (tir Mdng
Cai de'n Bd Ria
- Vung Tau)
Khoang vat chu ye'u
Ilmenit, Rutin, Anatar Ilmenit, Rutin, Anataz, Leicosen
Khoang vat phu
cd ich Magnetit, Hematit, Pyrit, Pyrotin, Chancopyrit, Pentlandit,Nikelin, Cobantin, Ziacon Ziacon, Monasit, Xenotim, Conrindon, Cassiterit, Vang tir sinh, Cromit, Magnetit, Hemati
cOng nghiep, quang ilmenit khOng dugc sir dung true
tie'p dudi dang nguyen lieu khoang nguyen thuy Vi
vay, phuong phap hoan nguyen quang ilmenit nhdm
tao ra san phdm cdng nghiep trung gian, lam nguyen lieu ddu vao cho cac co sd san xudt cOng nghiep nhu san xudt que han dien, pigmen (Ti02), oxid sat va hgp kim cila Ti
b) Ban chat cue phuong phap hoan nguyen ilmenit
Dung nhiet dd cao de' tac dOng len ilmenit nguyen thily trong mOi trudng khu nhd cd khi CO, lam cho cdu triic tinh the' ciia ilmenit bi phd huy O trang thai rdn bi kich thich cac phan irng hod hgc phan ra da xdy ra, hinh thanh cac pha mdi gia hinh theo ilmenit
TTieo si; tang len cila nhiet dO nung ndng trong mOi trudng hoan nguyen Idn lugt xdy ra cac phan irng giira cac pha nhu sau :
O nhiet do > 600 °C
C (than da) -1- O2
C (than da) -t- CO2
FeTiO, -h O2 -H H2O
O nhiet do > 800 °C
FeTiO, -h O2 -I- CO
Fe20, 2Ti02 + CO
d nhiet dp > 1000 °C
FezO, 2Ti02 + CO FeO Ti02 + CO FeO + CO
Nhu vay qua trinh hoan nguyen ilmenit nguyen
thuy da ddn de'n su phan huy "dung dich cung" tire
la hinh thanh cac pha khoang mdi tren be mat cung
nhu trong hat theo so dd sau :
t ° C
t ° C
t ° C
t ° C
t ° C
t ° C
t ° C
t ° C ->
CO2 + CO
CO Fe203 2Ti02 H- HjOt
Fe20, 2Ti02 -I- C02t
2FeO + 2Ti02 + CO2T
2FeO -I- 2Ti02 + CO2T
Fe -t- Ti02 + C02t
Fe + CO2T
Ilmenit -1- carbon -1- phu gia + hoi nude -I- t° > feropseudobrukit > pseudobrukit
-I- wuestit -t- Fe -I- rutin-anataz + C02t
Trang 4FeTiO, -h C -(- phu gia -t- HjO -(- Oj > Fe20,2Ti02 + FeO -i- T1O2 -^ Fe -^ CO,T + H,OT
3 Quy trinh hoan nguyen ilmenit
Quy trinh hoan nguyen dua trSn nguyen ly diing
nhiet do, cac chat xiic tac (phu gia) va mOi trudng
oxy hod khii de dieu khie'n cac phan irng hda hoc
theo timg ndc nhiet dO va mOi trudng thich hgp
a) Thie't bi chu yeu cua cdng nghe
® Ld nung la thie't bi quan trgng nhdt trong day
chuyen hoan nguyen ilmenit O cac nude cOng nghiep
cd nhieu loai Id nung khac nhau diing trong cOng
nghe xu ly quang ilmenit nhu Id hOp, Id quay Id
hdm (Id tuynen) O Trung Qudc hien nay dang sir
dung phd bie'n la Id tuynen Loai Id nay cd uu die'm
vdn ddu tu it, de van hanh, cho nang sudt cao, diing
cho nhi6u loai nhien lieu
® Ld hdm (tuynen) ddt bang than antraxit
Quang Ninh de' tie'n hanh hoan nguyen ilmenit Ld
tuynen cd cac thOng sd :
- Chilu dai : 28 m
- Chi6u rOng : 2,4 m
- Chieu cao : 2,5 m
- Ong khdi cao :15 m
- Dudng kinh Ong khdi : 45 cm
- Nhiet do nung tir 20 °C de'n 1.200 °C
Q> Thie't bi phu trg
- Xe godng chuye'n ddng nhd he thdng thuy lire
- He thdng ca'p gid vdi budng thu hdi nhiet
- Thiei bi do nhiet : hoa ke, cap nhiet dien dOng
® Cac thie't bi khac
- May nghien tinh quang
- May ep bao nung
- May tuye'n tir
- Thiei bi kiein tra chdt luong san phdm
b) Quy trinh san xua't ilmenit hoan nguyen
tai Cong ty Silicat Viet An Hai Phong
Quy trinh cOng nghe san xudt ilmenit hoan
nguyen dugc tie'n hanh theo 7 budc (hinh 2) :
® Chudn bi nguyen lieu : kie'm tra chdt lugng
quang, nghien quang ;
® San xua't bao nung (phuong phap ep thuy lire);
Q) Phdi lieu : can trOn quang ilmenit than va
phu gia ;
® Nung hoan nguyen theo che'dO da dugc tinh
trudc (tir 20 de'n 24 gid) (/i/Vi/i 3);
© Tuye'n lam gidu san phdm sau nung nhdm loai trir thach anh, than cdn du, ilmenit chua hoan nguyen,
© Kie'm tra chdt luong san phdm : kie'm tra nhanh va kie'm tra bang phuong phap X-Ray
® Ddng gdi san phdm: bao 2 Idp trong luong
30 kg
c) Danh gia chat luang ilmenit hoan nguyen
Chiing toi Idy mdu va tie'n hanh phan tich nhieu
xa Rcengen de xac dinh thanh phan khoang hinh thanh trong qua trinh hoan nguyen va phan tich hod hgc mOt so chi tieu co ban : ITi02, FeO, Fe,
C, P va S cua cac mdu thi nghiem tuong irng Ket
qua phan tich Rd;ngen neu d bdng 4
Bdng 4 Ket qua phan tich thanh phSn pha
khoang vat mau ilmenit hoan nguyen*
Ten pha khoang vat Thach anh Ilmenit Pseudobrukit Rutin Weustit Sdt kim loai (Fe) Hematit
Zircon
Hdm lugng khoang Thi
nghiem 1 6,1 15,8 23,6 14,9 -33,5 0,4 0,8
Thi nghiem 11 5,2 15,8 26,4 27,20 1,80 22,0 1,2 0,65
vat (%) Thi nghiem HI 6,01 14,33 21,53
1939 2,64 34,27 1,6
-* Phuong phap Ramgcn, Phdng X - Ray, khoa Vat
ly DHKHTN
Bdng 5 trinh bdy kei qua phan tich mdt sd hgp
phdn CO ban cila ilmenit hoan nguyen cila du an va ilmenit hoan ngu)'en cua COng ty Maoming va Ubridge Group.Co - Trung Qudc Nhung gid tri cila cdc hgp phdn co ban nhu FeO, C, P va S deu ndm trong khoang cho phep Cd the khang dinh chdt lugng hoan nguyen ilmenit cila du an khOng kem chat lugng hang nhap ngoai, dap irng yeu cdu diing lam nguyen lieu san xudt que han va xudt khdu cung nhu cac muc dich khac COng ty Silicat Viet An Hai Phdng hien dang dp dung cOng nghe hoan nguyen ilmenit bdng Id tuynen, hang thang san xudt hon
100 ta'n ilmenit hoan nguyen cho cac nha may san xudt que han dien d Hai Phdng, Ha NOi, Viet Tri,
Da Ndng va Tp Hd Chi Minh
311
Trang 5San xua't bao
nung
I r o n sa mot + set u dec
V
£ p , diin bao nung
V
Can phoi lieu quSng + phu gia
V
Dong vao bao nung
V Nung trong 16 tuynen
6 nhiet do 11.200 °C
\'
Lam nguoi, nghien xoa
V
Tuyen gio lam giau
^ /
Tuyen tir lam giau
\ /
> do hat
Than con dU(C)
Khong nhiem tU FeTi02.Si02
San pham ilmenit hoan nguyen Kiem tra chat luong
Dong bao san pham nhap kho
Hinh 2 So dd cOng nghe hoan nguyen Ilmenit sa khoang ven bie'n Viet Nam
Bdng 5 Ke't qua phan tich thanh phSn hoa hoc san IQOO
pham Ilmenit hoan nguyen*
Ham lugng (%) Thanh
phdn Mdu** Mdu Mdu
oxid MBD MHT MTH
Qy Ubridge Mao- Group ning Co
TiOz
FeO
Fe
SiO,
ALO,
Cr20,
C
P
s
43,52
7,0
27,5
1,29
0,35
0,04
0,05
0,03
-55,0 3,15 24,85 1,08 0,98 0,09 0,2 0,04
-38,42 6,1 23,45 0,90 -0,32 0,2 0,03
-54,0 6,0 -0,2 0,03 0,03
52,0 7,0 -0,2 0,04 0,035
t
000
800
500
200
100
50
'T°C
/
\ GiO^
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Hinh 3 Bie'u dd nung ilmenit trong Id tuynen
<- CHU GIAI Bdng 5
* Phan tich tai Trung tam Kiem dinh Vat lieu (Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu - BO Xay dung), ** MBD - md Binh Dinh, MH - md Ha Tinh, MTH - md Thanh Hda
Trang 6KET LUAN
COng nghe hoan nguyen ilmenit bdng Id hdm
(tuynen) lam thay ddi cdu triic nguyen thuy cua
ilmenit, tao thanh cac pha khoang mdi, lam gidu
quang va cd the sir dung lam que han thay the hang
nhap ngoai va de' xua't khdu
COng trinh nghien ciru dugc hoan thanh vdi sir
hd trg tai chinh cila chuong trinh nghien ciru co
ban, de tai ma sd 704706 Tap the tac gia xin tran
trgng cam on
TAI LIEU DAN
111 V.I BECHECHIN, 1965 : Khoang vat hoc (Nga
van) Bien dich Nguyen Van Chien Nxb Dai hgc
| 2 | R.G BERCHER, A.B, CANNING, 1965 : A new
Process for Upgrading Ilmenit Mineral Sands, V, 21,
|31 J,D, DANA 2001 : Manual of Mineralogy
Twenty Fist Edition
| 4 | RUANG - QING ZHANG, O OSTROLSKl,
2000 ; Effect of Preoxidation and Sintering on
properties of Ilmenit concentratess Int J.Miner
Process 64
| 5 | TRAN VAN TRI (chil bien) 2000 : Tdi nguyen Khoang san Viet Nam Cue Dia chdt va Khoang san Viet Nam xudt ban, 214 trang
S U M M A R Y Possibility to apply the technology to revert ilmenite
as material for welding rod production Titaniferous iron is considering as an important material for technologists ; specially aeroplane manu-facture, spacecraft, nano material
Ti-beaning minerals are abundant in nature The most common ones are of oxide mineral group such as: njtie, anatase, brookite, ilmenite, titanomagnetite
In Vietnam, over hundreds of magmatic and placer Ti mines are found in coastal zone and most
of them has exploited and their production has exported about several ten thousand tons
The reverts ilmenites from coastal zone placer deposites has carried out in tunnel furnace Tempera-ture heated from 200 to 1200°C in reduced condition The reverted ilmenite has similar quality as the one imported from China,
Ngdy nhan bdi : 10-6-2008
Trudng Dai hoc Tu nhien Cty TNHII Silicat Viet An - Hdi Phong Vien Cong nghe - Bd Cdng thuang
313