Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh - Mai Lan Hương & Nguyễn Thanh Loan

Cuốn sách Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh - Mai Lan Hương & Nguyễn Thanh Loan tái bản năm 2011

„ khiến ‘ching tôi không bán

vies sách: này nên ` đã viết một

‘TENSES (CÁC THÌ)

1 Thì hiện tại đơn (The Simple Present Tense)

a Cau trúc (Form)-

I, We, You, They + ‘Verb (bare infinitive)

He, She, It + Verb + s/es -

- - Động từ chia ở hiện tại (VỤ

(Nếu chủ nøữ ở ngôi 3 số Ít, ta phai thêm $ hoặc es vàn: san động từ

'b Cách dùng (Usage) - huy ~ Thi hiện tại đơn dién tả

Ex: The sun rises in ‘the East - &

They jive in England VN

Tụ am a tim đt i4

tưởng rằng n nỗ: ó đáp ứng day đủ v thie the nhất nhữn 3 vê ‹ sầu ela ban, ớt

Ngữ pháp là mit he thong nhiữn 2d

hưng - yếu té khác, người học cần + phải ˆ

“hiểu đây đủ, ‘sdw sae những kiến th

thạo Để thỏa mãn: những: yêu edutré Th, , ching: tồi: đã day: tông nghiền cửu

nghiệm giảng day; nhiều, nam ở các _ ường phổ thong t cứng hủ, các trang tam - /

Anh ngữ Trên cơ sở đó, chúng ôi £ nh bày bang'n một Phường pháp sử phạm "

uới phương: châm, : “THIẾT THU HIẺ NHC DE x

— They do their homework eve every day ~ Do ty do: ‘thei

liễn ra ng, y hic néi “Cánh đàng hy Tường, :

5 } với Gmerl, today, this, week tia tem, 2, this year,

“trong quá tha và kéo dài liên _ hú đế hiện tại Cách đồng: này thường đ kèm với

ee a dle ly a ey NGỦ PHÁP TIẾN lâm - aa

They have been living

két qua ổ hiện, tai |

Ex: You're out’ of bréath

Lưu ý: Không dùng thì này ÿới

nêu trong thì hiện tại tiếp dì

- Thi quá khứ đi

in this city since 1995

) een waiting for her? ~

- Thi hién đại hoàn thành tiếp điện: diễn tả: một hành động v vừa mới

Have you been running?

a dang: từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác (xem các động từ đã : với các động từ này t la 2 dùng, Present Perfect:

ông:

, iad aad khứ thứ hải xây ra (hank:

Simple Past) ) Thing thường khoảng: thời gian kéo dãt; được new rõ oon câu

: shee ae playing cards for 3 hours before i came °

Ex: ~My father i is retiring

_B Cách dung (Usage)

_- Thì tương lai tiếp diễn „

khoảng thời gian ở tương lai

; py 2sent continuous) ¢ được dùng đ để diễn tả

0rkin ĐI this ° gilpmay for 6; years

6 “Rivers usually (flow) to the sea:

7, “Look! The boy (cry)

8 Do you know that man, who (smoke) there?

‘10 We (be) from France We (be) there for 20 years

11.That house- (belong) to Mr Green mã

13 ‘I (be) sorry I (forget) that ghi § name already

14: I (wait) for the manager for two hours ae

2 We seldom (eat) before 6: 30: yor -3.` Tom: (never be) in Hanoi °~ ¬".ˆ _

3 Look! A man (run) after the train He (wanÐ t to catch it, A I (read) the novel written by Jack ondon several times before

4 The sun (set) in the West 5 What you {đo} yesterd ye iT a

5 It (be) often hot in summer ”” os 6 You abn 18 nghi :

6 I (do) an exercise on the present tense at this mome nt and I (think) that I (know) 4 tả

10 Daisy (cook) some food in the kitchen at resent She always (cook) i in the morning : 1 When I (arrive)-at this house; he still ( (sleep) oe a

II) Supply the correct verb form: The Present Perfect or The Present Perfect Continucss 2: “The light (øo)-out.while'we (have) dinner.’

1 few long: you: (study) English? For 5 years 3 Bill (have) breakfast: when I (stop) at this house this morning

3 They (live) in Ho Chi Minh’ City since, 1975 " 5 Tom (see) a serious: accident whilé he (stand) at the: bus ‘stop:

4 She (read) all the books written by Dickens How many: bo 6: While my father (read) a newspaper, 1 (earn) ' my lesson and my sister (do) her homework “

5 He (not, be) here since Christmas, 1 wonder where he i 2 2ï) 7 The children (play) football when their mother (come) back home

6 Jack (go) to Paris for a holiday He never (be) _ 8 The bell (ring) while: Tom {take) a bath Ầ

7 You (sleep) $0 ) far? 1 tring) the bell for the la 9.- I (be) very tired because I (work) all dạy: —

8 10 He (sit) ina café when J (see) him WIR ea ¬" nọ

3 When we came to the ‘stadium, the match (already, begin)

2

6

a They told me they: (not, sat) such: kind of food: before:

He (ask): why come) SỐ early SỐ :

¬ 10 It was s the rst time 1 (ever, see) such a: beautifi ‘girl Ber,

tạ vm Give the right forms of the verbs ï in brackets: Past Tenses:

‘Yesterday John (go) to the store before he (go): ‘home

Our-teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) England j in’ 1970

When John and 1 got to the theatre, the movie “¢ tart) already

ù ‘Before Alice (go) to sleep, she: (cally Her family:

Daisy (agree) with other members 7 in the ast’ meeting,

What you (do) at’ 6p m .yesterday? -

a Our: Baglish tech (plain) that lesson: to us tomorrow Oe

je We (wait) for you' when you (get) back: tomorrow:

What you (do): at 7 pam ‘next Sunday? ©

“I (practise) my Exiglish’ lesson:then - ¬

When I (see) Mr Pike tomorrow, I (remind) him of that

4 He (work) on the report at this time tomorrow _ ee TẦN C

Don’t leave until you (see): her - os :

10 The Browns (do) their housework when

'† call hirn at 2: 30 m He (interview) jo

eacher hopes we ip §} our exams Sg we

17.B this time next week, | he (write) his novel for 6 months

- 18:They (arrive): on Wedriesday, -

= 19/T hope the weather (be) fine ‘tonight

: " , 20 You (finish) your work: by 9 tonighi?

hờn XD) Supply the correct verb forms

:1 (see) a car accident while I Await) for you on this comer yesterday

: Mi Smith (teach) at: ‘this school since he (eradvate) i in 1980

- T(meet) Arthur threé weeks ago _

Yesterday the police: (report) that they (capture) the thief,

ộ My friend (thank) me for what J had done for him: ‘Someone! (steal) Ty handbag on the bus

9, “The Browns’ (dive) i in 1 Patis for ? ‘years when the second Nord War (brea out -

: 10, ‘Last month I (be) in the hospital iy: Met ne 9

) in 1 New Yorks until 2 months a0

18.I {not : see

24 My mother (come) to ‘stay

25 Where you’ (spend): your,

27 We (not live) in: England fort

28.1 (never forget) ‘what you ‘(just tell

29 They (prepare) the Christmas

30 When I last (stay) in Cairo

(borrow) the day béfore -

31 Our teacher (tell) us yesterday

38 How long Bob and Mary (be) maivied?

39 You (receive) any letter from your parents yet

40 My brother (join) the my when

53 We (not see) them for a long time we

-54.It (rain) when we arrived

- 57 Dick (start) school before he (be) seven

68 Jol hn (watch) TV at 8 last evening

69 Mr Pike (live) here since last October

- 82 Yesterday thieves (break) into the house and (steal) "

| 83 When I came in, they all, (sit): round the «fire Me Pike (do) a crossword puzzle, Mỹ -

ẤT ' Columbus (discover) America more than: 400: years ago

48 By next month, I (finish) my first ‘novel -

49 By May 5, we (live) in this city for ten years,

90 When your father (die)?

I (not know) when he (die)

5] Bill said he (forget) to buy a dictionary

55 Kite and I (wait) right here until you get back xã : - `

56 He'll leave as soon as he (hear) the news | Boe

58 How long you (study) in this school? : ¬

Se We (not receive) any letter from ï TT tt he (leave) four months ago

7.E fnish) the book before’ my ‘next a /

70 Someone (cut) down all the trees in the ‘garden

71 The house (build) two years -380., ca

72 Listen! The bird (sing): `

73 Trees (plant) since it (stop) raining,

74 Tom Baker (not come) here tomorrow _ - —

75 By the end of last March, I (study) English for 5 years

77 What you (do): after you (go) horne yesterday? oe _ 78 How long you ( (wait) for me? Just a few minutes,

| 7 9 He, (do) his homework before he went to the cinema

80 By noon, I (wait) for her for two hours

81 By the time you come there, she (make) a big cake

| _She said ‘she would visit me again.-

They had done that was necessary

_- 94, Please be quiet! I (work)

95 When I (be).a child, }

My father said hẻ (be) here by noon

18s White swears that:she’ ‘(never see) that man before:

oose the correct forms:of the verbs in parentheses

ney think he (was/ would be) here last night 9

tells’ us” that he {was/ has been) to the mountains before

‘He, thinks that it neat ea |

8 I didn’t know: what time it (be, S0 yI (turn) of

10 She says that:she- (live) in: the country when, she tbe) a child

11 They hoped that they: (end) soon ae `

12 The teacher said that thể A

People have said that the sun (rise) in me a Ẻ ee

He says he (does/ will do) it some tine BÀ ¬¬ `

14 This is the house that -Jaek (E |

15 Mary (have) dinner when

20 I see that Henry (write) his composition 0W

21 I had done that (bè) necessary

22 They have:found that the road: (be) very long rs

23 | saw that I: (rake) a mistake.” st te Ey ca

24 The teacher asked Bill wt y he (not’ g0) t tọ school the e day before

25 We find that we (take) a wrong WAY

26 Í want to know how long she (live) here

28 Do you hear what she Gust, say)?

29 Did you hear what she (just, say)? -

30 They believed that the: police (capture) the

31 Did John say he (call) you again? =

32 She has thought that the work (be) easy."

34 The students had thought tha fe English, test tbe) rather difict :

16 1 had no’ map, that’s s “why 1 1 (gol get) lost

TD Supply the correct verb forms ¬ ¬ Thử :

- singing it was at this time that she (write) her famous song "The Price of Peace” ;

2 ‘One of the first novels in history ‘of literature (be)? written in England in 1718.'-

_ ‘ily When Daniel: (be)? a schoolboy, he (begin) to write stories After (leave)®

school he (work)! i in his father’s shop and (write) articles for newspapers Dofoe

_ chis writings vo Co ở -

a ‘sion atan electronics firm: She Quạt, return)?! from: a trp to Japan 7 ever have) asked _ Š

:my:mind: However, sitice then: I (hear)® a lot of negative

Aings about living i in: the: ‘Capital and: lately some: of them: (begin) to bother me ] (grow) up in a small’ town and have spent ‘all my ‘life’ there ;

: Mary: (have) to go to New: York last ‘week, ‘but she almost (miss) the plane She

^ (stand)® in the: queué at the check-in desk when she suddenly (realize)® that She

_=s0'She (have)f?:time:to øo back home to 0 get the Passport, She (get) back to the

airport just in time for-her flight: :

.6 Rob Fellow (come) from’ England He '(come)° to‘ Paris’ six months ago to Team

-; to stay with him for a few days,

7 methods of human ‘communication He (influence)® by his father and grandfather,

_ who (spend): years working with: de

: father even (go)® so far’as to’ develop

đeaf He (use)"® sketches of thé diff

: ‘mechanics of human speech Bi

_ advance)® quite as rapidly

"- adventure books: ‘He (travel) much, and his expe

write Many famous books -

“at thể ‘side of ae ro Tang

fee the men :

arrange)® a riew job,

vẽ “ eave)® her’ passport at hore Fortunately, ‘she (not livey® very far from the airport :

:: Frênch He (start) learning French at school in England: when he was eleven so, he cóc

_(eam)“'it fr nearly 1Ù years He just’ (take) an exam: If he’ passes, he (move)

into the next class He (be)? excited today because his parents come)" tomorrow

si 7 (Bear) in Scotland in 1847, ‘Alexarider Bell (become)® interested very early ï in the

eople’ ‘and those: with faulty speech Bells - System Of: so-called “visible, speech” Íor the |

ent:positions: of the lips and tongue This _

8 Jack’ Cooper (be): a ‘production: manager at Weston ‘Aerondititics for ten years now He

S (live)? i in-a’small-house in’ ‘the suburbs ‘of Bristol with his wife, Peggy At the moment,

‘Weston (expand) into: Europe and they (build) anew factory in Toulouse

a When: the: train: reached the: -sixth station; Tom (get) off; feeling relieved that his

un Roy § knowledge of other subjects (nov oh ị

8 While I (walk) across’ the campus the other day, I (meet) my y old friend, “ohn VÀ

whom I (not see)® since July 10 Naturally we (stop) (talk)® to each other far a”

- - tion at the university of California, bu (not “fi inish)®) it the o he write)" a lot of

nce itt his trips (hélp)® him

are at the’ jiatch” | I (tell them to clear off, and one of them’ n (ook) at'me with big, -

"good marathon runner: In the distance he’ could’ just make ont: the shapes of the (lead) runners, (set) further ahead every minute ON

: that he had never: heard of He: ‘thot kniow)® what to do He (explain) his -difficulty

_to-a: man ‘who (stand)! on: the platform: With a Took: of ‘amusement on his face the

man: (tell)® Tom that he: (travel) on’ â: train going in the, wrong direction

Maria is Spanish She: (live)® i in ‘Madrid where she (work) for an export company She (be)® with this: ‘company for 2‘years now: At the moment she (study) English

on a one- -month intensive course in London ‘She (arrive) i in London last Saturday

This is not Maria’s first time: in, Britain She: (be) there twice before -

his first’ play "Peace on Earth" i in 1943 It ‘Was: against WaYS,'S0 the American police

oe ‘(arrest)® him and (put) him in prison in 1950 h

> Ha’ (come): back j a moment: 60: and (tum)® the: television on very loudly My son

- (sleép)® then; so L (tell) he - |

Mary and: John are

a (move) into her House 1

si ; area in- 1980

ours They (know) each: other for several y years Mary

1985 and John (live) next’ oor since he (come)'* to the

_ thế garage He (work) ; on their ca The «children (play) 1 j in the ñ front ward,

26 When I (hear) ; a knock.at, the door last night, I (walk)? to, the door and (o pen)® it

come in

27 John hasn’ t got a job He (be)® unemployed for s six x months He (worig? for a textile

firm which (have)® to, ‘clos ‘because it (not have)® enough: orders: - ee

28 One day John’s father (buy)?' a computer for him He thought it was a ‘good replace-

ment for John’s typewriter, which (break: down)” John could use the.computer to: -

write’ essays He (not ee that John, would spend all: his time playing ‘com-

English (be) the most, widely spoken, Janguage, over 350 million people (spe!

it but more people, speak Chinese You ay: wonder why: English (m

speak (5) although more people speak chinese sahis is: becaus eo}

IV) Complete each of the following sentences with a an n adv

2 You have to listen to your ‘teacher while

3 You should doa goog deed: 'whenever.: wet

4 He set off for another: j joumey as’ soon

5 It began to rain just as

TYPE ey MAIN cause _— “TF CLAUSE

[TL Real in’ the present or ns si

_future (có thật ở hiện Td > ar Simple Present

_đại hoặc tương lai) " WY) |

should > Viare.nt) “e Past Subjunctive (V3; be \ —> were)

might’ | Si vơ

TH L Unreal j in the past ~[eould x poo

might |

_, Tf you heat ice ít turns/ will-turn, to water

If I were you, Í would come there

* Mệnh đề điều kiện Có- thể đứng trước hoặc Sau mệnh đề chính

“Past Perfect _ thạa + V3

phi) Unless tưởng đương với 'Tf net’

: 2, Trong mệnh đề điều kiện; ta có thể thay liên từ IF bing UNLESS (néu Không, trừ |

¬ cu teeta 3 Unless ss Len ab hig: prize 1 ‘a lottery, wouldn

oe D Pat tthe verbs in brackets into the correct tei

- ar I see €-hìm, 1 (give) him a gift : :

_ Rice plants’ (grow): well if there’ is enough 1 rain

12 He might get fat if he (stop) smoking

13 What you (do) Hệ you found a burglar i in your house? _

14.1f she (not hurry), she may be late — To 15.4 I (try) again, I think that 1 would have succeeded

16 ‘Water (not run) downhill if if there v were not tgraviey

: df you ‘had not sneezed, he’ woulda’ have bow Í that we were e there

if she did her hair differeritly, she would look ‘quite nice oe

10 If 1 won a big prize ina lottery, rd give tip: my ‘job © Phe ee

- lÝyou had told me that he never paid his debts, ‘T wouldi? t have lent him ¡ money

if he had known your telephone number he would have Tung you

lí it were nice, we would: ‘go for a walk

1 would come to her wedding if were’ invited

Would you visit me if I were ‘sent to prison? ~ Would you have written to her if \ you had known, her address?

What would you do if today were a holiday?

10 Scientists think that men could live on the moon if there were air and water on it

IV) Complete the following sentences

1 If] were the Prime Minister, 1

He’ could buy a new car it

_NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNGANH 27

We could have c come with you if we ẽ

Hf her parents had beén rịcher, `

If he: had come yesterday

_ If it hadn't rained, ¡

10 The world would be a better place if

V) Make conditional sentences according, to the facts provided,

Because ‘you don’t leave immediately, 1 call a policeman - ¬-

I don’t khow her number, so I don’t ring her up

Go night now or you'll be late for the train :

As she is often absent from class, she can’t keep n pace with her cheạmalee |

I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her + address ¬

I don’t know the answer; so [ can’t tell you

We got lost because we didn’ t have, a map

His friends: were so late, SƠ they missed the t train,

Today’ isn’t Sunday, SO the: ‘pupils can’t go swimming sả

The heavy rain kept: everybody from: “going out

This chair is too heavy for him’ to move a

He had a flu because hes went out in the rain last night _

The church bells keep me’ ‘from, sleeping.-

Morning exercises make me feel better

Stop talking or you: won't understand the lesson

The boy is so young that: he can’t go to school

The fridge keeps the food from spoiling |

Why don’t you study hard?

Why don’ t you stop ‘smoking?

Be careful, or you’ll cut yourself with that nile

Be calm, or you'll make a wrong decision

Without the air, we would die

Without a-visa; she couldn’t have come to that count ’

Without the sun, man would live i in the darkn S

27 Smoking makes him so weak,

28 It was very cold yesterday, SO we ci i

29 It is 5 Very cold, $0 we can’t go nin

teacHer 5 explanation: yes

| latch -on, TV last t night

my: (have) more, time: to do this Job

sh’ she (come) to see me yesterday

0 I wish that someday 1 (be) able to: marry her

WD Rewrite the sentences below, using WISH or IF * ONLY to to expres

Ạ 3 I regret that: :you- didn’ t: give méa: chance to tell "you, thể truth.”

_ - Maty I is afraid she won't, be able :to attend: your wedding next week -

8 You drive too fast Td like: 0u:fo:drive: more: slowly:

- 9 ‘You's ‘are’ too lazy The: -tead ler:wa “your to: be morẻ: studious

10 I'm ‘afraid he-won’t get over his: Iness: ‘soon:

- 12: 1 haven’ t enough, money: to buy this book

“14 Nam ¡ is sorry now: ‘that he didn’ t t accent the cab

to have etter: communication with other people

will have better communication with

_ NGŨ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH _ 31

Ad The robber changed his address all the time He didn’ t want the police to find him |

12: They did ‘their jobs well They hoped the boss would i increase their salary

- 13, You should walk slowly.- Your sister-can: follow: you: oe

14 Pm studying hard.:ï want to-keep pace with my: classmates

15 We turned out the lights ‘We didn’t want ‘to waste’ electricity, os

16 This pupil tead only for short periods each day He didn’ L want t toi wain 1 is eves

17 | whispered I didn’t want to disturb anyone cử OS ¬¬

18 The clown took off his mask He đidn† want tò: frighten # the children :

20 Sue dutifully’ followed her parents’ advice She didn’: want to, a8 trouble for her: patents

‘22 Please shut the door I don’t want the dog to cs out: bof the house

23 The: farmer built a high: wall argur d

26 I wish’ to have e: ‘ough moriey, 1 want to buy a: new: house

27 Dick is rating the ‘guitar He can Blay for the dance

2, ‘This; man changed his address constantly so that he could avoid’ the police

- I shouted in order that I could warn everyone of danger ˆ

Banks are developed so that they carr Keep’ people’s: money safe

Mary went to the library in order that she could borrow some ‘books

Yesterday father went to the bank so’ that he: would’ ‘open â checking account

Tom is saving up so that he can buy a new bicycle |

10 She is learning French so that she will be able to speak it when she comes to Paris

Il) Change phrases of purpose to clauses of purpose or vice versa

We hurried to school so as not to be late

You should get up early so that you will have time to review your lesson

-» dent of ‘their parents ee

e‘hurried to the station So as not to miss the train

10 She locked the door So as not to be disturbed |

Tv) Complete the following sentences

- They're studying: English s so that

| gave her my telephone number i in oider tat

The teacher explained the lesson again s so 9 that

The firemen rushed into the burning house tox

| He is Saving monéy S0 that

Pho 10, They are in a hurry, $0: 25, NO

"11 We study hard in order., ae

c 12, Mary has made a big c cake s $0 that

43 They, went to, Paris to suy BỀN KT Huế

14 He tries to đo to work it in time: $0 as S not

15 The workers went on strike 80, that

L Cụm từ chỉ kat c quả (phrases of result}

-_ Cụm từ chỉ kết quả thường c có T00 (quá) hoc

3 TOO (quá Khong thé) *

2 ENOUGH id 66 thé) - TT

E3: + a + enough (+ for +0) + to-infinitive of |

Soe Vithwong) + adv + “enough (+ for + 9) + to- infi nitive |

Nev PHAR TIẾ NG ANB

vernents: of, the world so that we,

7 = Mary isn’t old enough to, , drive a car a

: She speaks Spanish well enough to- be¿ an P inlerpreter

-E.is cold- enough: to: wear a heavy jacket

Th Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả {Adverbial clatises 0 of result)

Ménh dé trang ngữ chỉ kết quả la mệnh đề phụ được dung ; để si

động của mệnh đề chính đây ra ¬.+ kế quả đo hành

haved : so badly that ‘he was dismissed from the class

Luu ý: "Nếu động từ trồng: ménh để: chính tà các: :động tử 'chỉ trí giác nhử fook,

appeai, ‘seem, feel, taste, smell, sound, , ta 8 dùng củng công thức với động

The: Jitile girl looks SO unhappy that t we all feel sorry for her

T ở soup tastes so good that everyone, will ask for more

“TS +.V + so + many/ few + _phưa countable noun + that +S + v-

Ex: The’ Smiths had s SO many: children that t they forined their own base-

ball team

L had SO few job" offers that it wasn't t difficult t to: select one

S+ v + so + much/ little + uncountable noun + that + s + vị

( danh từ không đếm duoc)

it now

The grass received so Hitile water that it turned brown i in the heat

* Một cấu trúc khác của SO _Tt IAT

S$+.V + so + adj +a+ singular countable noun + thái

(danh từ đếm được số it)

ly: ie was, §0 hot a day that ` we decided to: stay indoors

Ex: It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at: home - -

She has ‘such: exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her

There are such beautiful: pictures, that’ everybody will want one

This is s such difficult homework that I will never finish i it

EXERCISES —

I) Use SO or SUCH

brightly, that Maria had to › puEới Ơn “hết stinglasses

1 The sun shone

5 We had - good a time at the party that we' hated to leave :

6 The benefit was - great: a success: that the promoters decided to repeat it it

8 Jane looked : “sick that the nurse told: her to gỡ ‘home, ”

9 Those were

10 Ray called at:

11 The book looked

12 He worked

13 We stayed i in’ ry the si ‘sun fore ea Tong time that we: ‘became sunburned.”

The lesson is very” ‘diffi cult, Nobody can understand it Bốn v7 ng

This novel was very: ‘interesting + couldn’ t: put it it down:

This song is very simple.: Al ‘of: US, can sing ite

My brothers and sisters were very excited about: the trip “She

Ill) Make sentences with SUCH THAT

1 The house is very expensive Nobody can bu iy it

2 The boy is very nice We all like him Ỷ

3 The weather was very.cold We coulda’ t-g0' ut

an early hour: that we! ‘weren't? awake’ yet:

- interesting that he: decided to-read it

difficult assignments that we spent two weeks < finishing them

.careily that it took him a ‘long time to Sai the project

s4? The house was beautiful J ‘took a picture of it

3 This is a good film J want to see it again and again nh

8: There were a lot of guests There wasn’t enough food

-9; Tate a lot of sandwiches I felt uneasy |

ọ 10 David has a lot of work to do He cari’t come tonight

ˆ11.He was very sick He was seni to the hospital

: 12 It was very dark He couldn’t see anything: - - x

“13 He has very wide knowledge We can’t help sin i! hina

4 His conduct is very good All his teachers lave him

ae cit vì is so > large that ve got lost

` hat day was so nice that all of us went: out’ for a walk:

- "TRïs shop Ì is $0 small that we don’t take nolice of it re

hộ The lest we did yesterday was $0 difficult that, we: ‘couldn’ t finish it an hour

: _ The play we saw yesterday \ was SO bad that we went out by halves , 9 The story he told us was so-funny: thal I couldn't help laughing

10 Jane's conduct i is so good that.everybody likes her,

"11 Mary's voice is so heautiful that we all like to hear her sing:

“412 Miss Snow's: ring is so valuable that she keeps, il very carefully

“13 Your dog is 's0 fierce that nobody dares to approach it, " 7

14 lis house is so beautiful that he doesn’ L want to sell it, ¬

ì 15 Our car is $0 old that’ we must repair it three times a month s a

“WD Complete the following sentences

-1: That: lesson was 0 difficult, thai

2 The goods were so good, thal ”

3 We enjoyed the music so much thal

2 9 _ She walked so fast that her younger sister couldn’ t follow her

- 10 I got ‘up 0° ‘ate that ‘didn't t have time: to eat breakfast :

- 9 The mountains are 50 high that

10.1 have so many things: to do:.that

_ 11 This is such a heavy package that

- 12 [tis such a warm day that

13 That was such a good, movie: that

- 14.We had such a good time that

15 This is such a difficult lesson that

‘16 There is so much noise here that

_ 17, That book is so interesting that

18 They are such high mountains that

19 She speaks with such speed thai

20 She is such a busy person that

1 It was so cold that we didn’ É want: to: Bo: ‘out:

| : 3 Mr: ‘Pike is SƠ: weak’ that: he cần 1 walk: without a stick:

3 "The ground i is so hard: that) we: can 'E dig it

4 The, elephant Is so: big that: it’ can’t run st

5 Your handwriting i is'so bad that I-can + tead it

6 This man is so, old: that he can't work - " :

f These shoes are so big that I can wear thet Ji le Be ys

8 These Soods aré so expensive that they can’! be sold quickly

‘Het is too old to wear this: coloured shirt

She i 1s too weak to, carry: this bag,

‘This pen is too expensive for me 10 bay

Bill is too foolish to understand what

This bag i is too heavy for her to can: đệ

The land j is too poor

The room is too z

10 This’ book i is toe

late’ tạ gets good “sate

| -_ 18, r ™ too poor to: help: you with the: money

14 These oranges are too sour ‘for us lo eat

15.7 he shelf j is too high, for the boy to reach

16 This road i is too dangerous: for her, to Ø0 at night

¿ 17 The water in this pool is foo, dirty to drink

“18 Martha is, too.ugly to have a boyfriend -

19 This room is too dark for us, to study

90 He studied too badly to pass his exam

IX) Fill in the blanks with SO MUCH or S01 MANY

- 1 We have ——— problems that: we cant go to, bed early

: 13 It took hong time to listen to her roommate ¬

15 There are oe “planets m the universe that we ‘can’t count them

E- PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON

"because of due to/ owing to + noun/ pronowh/ gerund phrase

Ex: The students arrived late because off dục: tọ Abe t traffic € dam

_We were there bocause of hữm

| She stayed at home: because of feeling unwell

it Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ ly do {Adverbial clauses of reason) Mệnh để trang ngữ ‘chi ý do 1a một mệnh, đề phụ chỉ lý do hoặc nguyên nhân của hành động được nêu trong mệnh đề chính Mệnh để wang ngữ chỉ lý do thưởng dược

nối với mệnh đề chính bang ci Các liện từ t because, since, as au y since va as thường

| Because/ Since/ As + S + Vị -

Ex: He came ten minutes late because he imissed the first bus

Since/ As he missed the fi rst bus; he came ten” minutes late

'- She was worried because it: started to rain: `7

They didn't take part in the trip because the: weather was bad.”

* Khi đổi từ mệnh đề Sang cụm từ, nếu 2 chủ: ngữ giếng nhau ta có thể dùng

Gerund phrase

Ex: “She stayed at home becaiise she was sick’

-» She stayed at: home: bécause of being sick.”

EXERCISES |

I) Supply either BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF as: appropriate

1 It was diffi cult to deliver the letter _ _——

Rescue attemps were temporarily halted _ oe the: bad \ weather

Paul may not go to the football game his grades, 88

1 Combine ‘each: ‘pair of sentences, using BECAUSE, ‘SINCE, A "

She saw the wanted: man‘in‘a small coffee shop Shế phoned ik police ¬

The teacher is sick We'll have’ no class tomorrow.” a

She walked slowly Her leg was: injured.” es

Mary looks happy: She has just got good imiarke

He came to the .ofice:10 minutes late He missed the: first, huss,

She coughed and sneezed The đọct said she had | lo ) stay « oul ofc crowd,

| didn’t come in time There was a traffic’ jam:

He stayed at home yesterday His, mother: was: sick

10 We didn’t want to go" out Ht rained heavily

ill) Make questions with WHY

3 The climate in nthe country i is healthy, sO People like love: there :

the sender had v writlen v the wrong ad:

| 4 A computer can be used for various purposes, SỐ 1E becomes very: y popular nowadays, cà

~V) Change clauses of reason to phrases nh

1: Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick

: 4 John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard ant ethos

I like him because his father is kind to me el

_7 1 can’t eat these fruits because they are green

| 8 I couldn't’ do the test because it was difficult

9 J couldn’t read the letter because it was dak =

10 He came late because it rained’ ‘he avily :

“12 The train came fate because ib was, foggy

: ‘14 The train was: fate bécause the fog: was thick: 0-8 = ie a - oe "_

15 We stoppe our: ‘ear because the traffic lights turhed' reil 2

16 The} plane ‘couldn’ L take off because: the weather: was: bad a

1 Rite plants” grow well because the climate.is warm and damp

TB He couldn't drive fast because the street was crowded and marrow

19, Pecan’ + sleep because the weather is hot -

10 te left school because his life was hard

“Fe PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION

1 “Cum từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ (Phrases of concession) ¢

(mặc di che du}

sả Ex: Despite bis physical handicap, he has become a suecessfil businessman

In spite of having | a headache | enjoyed the: film

We understood him in spite -of Ais accent |

* Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ.có thể dược đặt ở trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính

te Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ (Rdverbial clauses of Concession) —

- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng hộ la mệnh đề nhủ chỉ sự tường phần của hai h Anh” ` _ động trong ‹ câu "Mệnh đề này thường, duge: Bất đầu:với: although; though even -

N as very bad ‘we had a -pienic:*

though the -sky, was cloudy

No matter + who/ what/ when/ where/ why/h how w (adi, adv) + s- +£V

Ex No matter who you are, I sửn love you a

‘No matter what she says, I don't believe her sả,

EXERCI SES

_ Ele is very rich -He isn’t happy (although) «:

She can’t answer my question: ‘She is very intelligent: falthough)

He does anything He always tries: his ‘best ‘(no- matter

- She ‘Says anything I don’t believe her (whatever)

She says anything I don’t believe her: {no mater)

He tried He.was not successful -(no matter)

| 10 He tried He was not successful, (although) —

11 His life is hard He: is determined to study welll: although)

12 His life is hard, He is’ determined: lo study well.-(no mater)

13 He was wise and experienced, He was’ taken'j in {though):

TẢ, He got good jobs He was not satisfi ed.- -(no maiter) oe

15 He got good jobs He was not satisfi ed (even thoigh) | -

16 You do any job You: should đo:it devotedly: (whatever

17 He lived anywhere.’ He always thought of his: be ame: n

-_ 20.You return at any time She waits for “yo ne matter) mm

a) Make clauses of concession, with WHA TEVER

1 No matter what happen ‘der t forget lo write ton me

_ No matter \ ‘hat he says, nobody believes him.”

_ 42 - nod PHÁP TIẾNG ANH

fiven though T didn't: know anybody at the Party, I sad a'niee time

Ny Combine each pair of sentences below; using t the conjunction given in 1 parentheses

6 You: should "eve al your lessons before taking your exam although y you 1 have any _ kinds of difficilties =

7 Although he had taken any kinds of e exercises, he ‘got fatter and fatter

8 You should always study hard although you encounter diffi culties

9 Although others’ may say ‘anything, she is certainly right.”

It) Change clauses of concession to phrases oe `

1 She didn’t eat much though she was hungry oa

2 He couldn’t solve ‘the problem thoug!: he is good al-maths,

3 Mr Pike doesn’ t wear glasses thougn he j ig over sixty |

A, Although he had much experience _in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing

‘Although it got dark: they co riinued tọ work-

Although it was noise, J kept on: studying,

Although i-rained-h ily, 1 went tơ school on time

e fight-was:net' delayed though: it ‘was foggy

_ He ate all thể ‘fruits though they were green.”

(hough he:is’strong, Pm-not afraid ‘of him

1 k Everybody has great regard for him though he is poor

'13.The plane took off though the weather was bad

14 He didn’ †+ stop, his car though the traffic lights’ turned red

15 He studied very well though his life was hard at that time

16 Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this cily

17 Although his E nglish was good, he wasn’t chosen

18 Although ‘he’s gót an English name, he is in fact German

19 He always studies hard though he encounters difficulties,

20 Although the weather is bad, we are going to have a picnic

21 Although he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep:

23 The child ate the cookies even though his mother had told him ‘hat to

.24.She drank coffee to keep herself warm although she disliked it

25 Mary will take a plane even though she dislikes fying

~ 26: Although: Mary: was-sad, she: ‘managed to:smile

27 The old woman told | inleresting stories lo the chữ dren although her: memory

was poor -

28 Though he had been absent frequently, he was manage lo pass the t test

29 He ate the chocolate -cake-even though he Was on diet

30 Although the prices are high, my: ‘daughters insist on ‘going to the n movie

G- CLAUSES AFTER AS IF, AS THOUGH, IT S HIGH

TIME, I's TIME, ‘WOULD RATHER |

1 Mệnh đề sau AS IF, AS THOUGH (Clauses after AS IF, AS THOUGH)

as if, as though (nhir thể, dưỡng như) đứng trước một mệnh đề chỉ một điều không

có thật hoặc trai với thực tê

Ex: The old lady dresses as if it Wwas/ were: winter even: in thế Summœr `

He behaves as though he owned the place ‘(But he doesn't « own it 3

‘He acts as though he was/ were rich (But he is not rich )

He: looked as if he hadnt taken a bath for ,months ˆ

2 Mệnh để sau IT! Ss TIME, T's HIGH 1 TIME (Clauses after irs TIME, ms 7

HIGH TIME), = ec

It’s time/ It’s high time (da t tới si lite) ủ diễn t tả ¡thất gian mà mat việc nên được lầm =

ngay ff's: time/ It's high t lime thường ở được thểo s sau u bang Các: c mệnh đềc đổ cấu ¡ trúc 1"

ex: It's time you started to ‘work

I's high time we ‘set: out

It's time the boy was” in ‘bed

It’ s time |

It’s nigh time

s12) We ‘woitld rather (stay) home tonight.”

“2.<Mr jones would rather (stay) home last night

18: He was wet as if He (swim) for hours,

| 19 She acted : as if she (meet): ‘him: béfore._ we ee eras a

Ex: I would rather you: went home now

(NOT t- would-rather-you-go-home now yo Tomorrow's difficult: I'd rather you came ‘next week

“Shall 1 open a window?" ' Td rather you didn't.”

b Mong muốn ở quá khứ - ¬

S + would rather (that) | + s + —' |

Ex: Roberto would rather we hadn't left, yesterday (We loft: veste

John would rather that Mary] had gone to school, yesterday- (Mary' -

didn't go to school) 7

* Would rather con được dùng trong các cấu trúc s sau:

Es + would rather (not) + V(bare-inf) Jon (itan) =] (Tong | lai/Hién tai)

_ Ex: I would rather s tay at: home tonight:

John would rather 89: ta: class tomorrow than today

© [S + wonld rather (not) + have + Vạ (than) | (Qué Khu)

Mary would rather riot have | gone’ to class yesterday

Carmen would rather (cook) for the.enBire: family.”

She would: rather you (not arrive} last night -

John would rather you (sleep) than worked last night

.Iwould rather my sister (not; fail) the’ driving test ‘yesterday

10.1 would rather that: they (invite) her to their party, last Sunday

AL Henry talks to his dog as if it (understand) him °

12 It’s time we all (go) now

` 13.Fd rather you.(6o) now

_14.Ws high time you: (get) the fea ready

- 15, He acts as if he (know) English perfect,

_16.Ld rather you (pay) me now

17 It’s: high: time: you (have) a haircut, -

mu Sk feel as as if

it ‘NOUN CLAUSES

- MỆNH ĐỀ DANH TU)

Ménh đề danh fr (noun clause) l một, mệnh đề phụ c có ¡chức bela

Mệnh đề danh từ được nối với mệnh để chính bằng TH

- WHICH, WHERE, WHEN, HOW, WHE THE R,

| (3 Bill doesn’ t work hard Fd Jike him to work hard ek d rather

_ 4 He did not want to pay his debts x Pd rather so

5 He drives too fast I want him not to > drive too: fast <> Td rather

_ 6 He spent his money like a prince ts 8 He:spent his money as iff

7 You speak like a prophet ms 5 oY You speak as though

10 He smokes a great deal I'd like him lo give up P smoking: + Vee rather

11 She pretended not to know me: => She looked as ‘if she

- 13 We.must start working now, eS TUS hig me

-16-They.talk like kings est Le sane Sap They, talk a ‘as Wa

¬

Ex: I consider him what a_man should be

Money 18 what she 2 needs

The boy Wonders Số ee fe oats on: water

He said —.~ he had sfiade a: mistake ° - ] went: last night does: not concer: you

-Ï can repair this:machine

~The bay tuonders “stars there are ‘in the sky

2.1 hope he’ IT pas pass his exam, _

ow eg career you, choöse is an ‘important probiem

16 He wants to know _ “I “moved to this city

17 He wants'to know 7 have lived here:

18 The clerk asked me _ _ tie J wanted to buy

_ 25.it seems | we have taken the wrong day

- 28 | wonder TS this t tree: IS ¬_

~ 29.Iask the ø girl she is:

ee None

- WHO: Wño là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, đứng sát u danh, Fane

WHOM: Whom la dai từ quan hệ chin ngu

4 5

5 ‘Tom said that

6 She asked him where

7 I believe that

8 They have thought that

9 People say that

10 He knows that

IH) Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words fiven

I "How old are‘ you?"

"Where are you going to spend your holiday next summer” -

"What do you want?" mm" Tóc

ch RELATIVE CLAUSES | (MENH DE QUAN HỆ) -

Mệnh đề quan hệ (relative clause) còn: được đọi là mệnh đề ` tính r ngữ adjective - tự

clause) vi nó là một mệnh đề phụ được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho đanh tử đứng trước nó \

(tiền ngữ) Mệnh đề quan hệ được nối Với: mệnh để chính bởi các đại từ quản hệ

(relative pronouns) WHO, WHOM, WHICH; WHOSE, THAT hoặc các tang

Mệnh đề: quan hệ đứng ngay sau danh' tử: mà nó bổ nghĩa a

(subjecÐ hoặc tân ngữ (object) cho dong: ti đứng sắt n

ngữ (objecU cho động từ đứng, Sau

| Ex: The woman whom/ who

The ` bay whom whi

NGU PHAP TENG ANH

Who/ Whom làm tân ngữ có thể lược bỏ trong ¡ mệnh đề quan đệ: Xác định (QeẪn ` :

_ ing relative clause)

3 ‘WHICH: Which la dai ti quan hé chi vit, đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật dể lầm chủ i ng | _, (subject) hode tan nga (object) cho dong ti-ding sau nd ¬

—— ]ầx: This is the book which I like best `” ˆ a - và

The hat t which i is red ismine yy về

Ex: This is the book 1 like best best - gỐ " mB

fox: That j is, “the book that, which 1 like best

‘Phat is ne Bicycle l th hat/ which belongs to Tom

Ex: :Ï can see ã girl and her dog that ¿ are ‘running i in ¡the park

ị ¿WROSE: Whose là đại từ quản hệ chỉ: sự sé hữu Whose đứng sau danh tử chỉ

„người hoặc vật và thay cho tính từ sé hữu trước danh tử

" Whose luôn đi: kèm với một danh dự ¬

: 6 WHEN: When l trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau u danh từ chỉ thời gian

Ex: May Day is the day when (on which) people hold a meeting a

— 4 WHERE: Where là trạng, từ quan hệ chỉ: nơi chốn, đứng s sau 1 dan từ chỉ nơi chốn

Where dude dùng thay cho a inf” to which, ‘there.’ oe s

Ex: Do you know the- country where Gn which) 1 was ; born? ¬

7 Hanoi is the place.whereT ike to’ ‘come nàn Số

éeason” co

7 Ex: The man who keeps) the school library is Mr Green

- mệnh đề quan hệ (trước whom, which)

- Ta cũng có thể bỏ shơm;, hích và đặt: tồi từ ra sau ¡động từ

Ex: The man Mary is talking t to is: Mr Pike |

- Khi ding that hose who ta không dựa giới từ th

Ex: The man that/ who Mary is alki

- thaUwho- Mary-is-talki ing is Me: Dị

- Khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh: đề quan

| verbs) thi ta không đếm 'giỗ

ep

a Sài ` PhebÌ is ; the man: without whom we i get lost (NOT

we'll -get- dosi- without °

: NGỮ, PHAP THENG ANH

tive clause) va ménh đề quan hệ hông x Xác định (non- -defñning/ n non- +-restrictive Tủ

Đây là loại mệnh đề cần thiết vì tiền ngữ chưa Xác định, không Có nó câu sẽ ẽ không

2 Non-defining relative clauses (ménh đề quan hệ không xá xắc định) -

Day là loại mệnh đề không ‹ cần thiết \ vì tiền ngữ, da được xác định, không c có nó câu

Trước d danh từ thường có: this, thal, these, those, my, his hoặc tên riêng

- Trong trường hợp động từ của, mệnh đề quan nhệ c có: đi từ la adem giới | tử reat tr túc

The shop from which 1.got-my stereo has lots-of barg a so

a Cách rút gon mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cụm phân từ %

iV: Dang t rút gon của mệnh để quan hệ“

-Mệnh đề: quan hệ cố thể được rút gọn bing cách ding cum " phân từ (maitiipl _phrases) Có 2 loại cụm phân từ:

-« Cum phan: từ hiện tai: (present participle phrase) là c cụm hà bắt đầu bằng hiện

phan ‘te (past: participle: V,) ew PAE

- Néu động từ trong mệnh đề quan: hệ ¿thể chứ động; (active), la dùng c cụm phân

từ hiện tại (present participle phrase) thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và

trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính: về ng suyên mẫu rồi thêm ng)

Ex: The man who ois sitting Dest to you is my uncle:

quá khứ: (past participial phrase) thay cho ménh dé do (bd dai: Lor quan hệ và trợ

mS ding từ, bất đầu cụm từ bằng V,)

xe “The books which were written by To Hoai- are’ interesting

` The books written by To Hoại are interesting

>A bridge built only two _years ago has been declared unsafe

2 Mệnh đề quan hệ cố thể được rút đón bang cách dàng động từ nguyên mẫu có to

(to-inũnitive) hoặc cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (infinilive phrase: for + O + to-inf) Ex: English is an important language which we have to master

_ There is a good restaurant where we can eat seafood

Phere is a good restaurant to cat seafood |

That is the hotel where we can stay :

->That is the hotel to stay

There's a lot of work which, has to be done

Here isa form that you must fill in

I don't like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a 1 garden that he could play in

“NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH — BÍ

EXERCISES _

I) Fill i in a the: blanks: with Relative Pronoun or: Relative adverbs Put commas s when

they are needed

2 The book _ I need can’t be found in the library:

4 Do you know the American woman - name is Margaret Mitchell? "¬

6 John found a'cat leg v was “broken 7 : :

7 Don’t sit on the chair the leg is broken

8 This tree branches are dry should be cut down

9 The child smiled at the woman he didn’t now

10 That -weman name 1 don’ t remember is a doctor

11 Children enjoy Feadling the books - _ have: coloured Pictures,

17 Rod Lee “sister: I know i is a film actor: pe ae

19 You have to take care of the: books oc you borrowed fri om: the library -

20) Karl Marx

22 1s there anyone - Cân x he me do: this? - PE ve tay

24 The chief of Police, _ work is very: ‘important, takes: care of the pi

27 They showed me the hospital

28 We saw many soldiers and lanks —

The decision was postponed, ily wha

he champions last year

_— theories have changed the world’s histon 1S the German n Philosopher e

‘8 The building is the church Its tower can be seen from: afar

9 Mary and Margaret: are twins You meet’ them yesterday -

10 I'll introduce you to the man His suipport is necessary for your project

11 The students will surely be successful in- their exams ‘The students Study serie

17 The Smiths were given room in the hotel: ‘Their house had been destroyed in the explosion

18.He introduced me to his students s Most of them were, from abroad

20 A man answered the phone ‘He: said Tom \ was out

Ti) Use a Relative pYoiloen ` pire ceded by a reposition to combine each pair of the '

Thẻ teachi ¡is MỸ ike We studied with him last y year,

- The j pee ela has: ‘been discussed i in class We are very interested i in it

i By you See my pen? ] have just written the lesson with ite

5 7 Uke standing at the window: I can see- the: park: from: this window

They are repairing the tubes Water is brought into our house through the tubes

_ In the middle of the village: there'is.a well The villagers take water from this well to drink

11 The boy is my cousin You made fun of, him: Bo

12 This matter is of great importance You should pay » attention to it:

13 The woman lives next door to me You gave place to her-on the bus

15 The examination lasted two days I was successful in: this examination

‘16 These children are orphans, She is taking care of these children

17 The two young men are not good persons "You are 2cquainted with them

18 This is: the result of our work Pm pleased with ih a

18 There is a "No Parking” sign I do not take notice of it

20 Mr Brown is the man, Tm “yesponsible to’ him for Thy work: - TV) Use a Relative | Adverb to comb e each p pair of the sentences below | "

‘Se The oe want to iknow’ the hotel Mr Bush stayed al this hotel two weeks a 260

The reasons are basic grammatical ones Pm scolded by the teacher for these reasons

14, Do you know the music? tị is: being lays

15 The Police want: to know if

She.doesn’t want to speak to the | cause She divorced her husband for this cause

The road is shaded with trees I go to school on this road « every day

Ihave not decided the day I'll øo to London on that day s

10 He doesn't want to sell the house He was born i in, this house

11 The airport is the most modern’ one We are ‘going to arrive cat this airport

_13 The days were the saddest ones I lived far from home on those days _

14.1 do not know the: reason She left school for it

15 The bed has no mattress 1 sleep on this bed

16 Our school, has a good laboratory: ‘The students practise chemistry i in the laboratory,

17 You didn’t tell us the’ reason We ‘had ‘to cut down « our daily expenses for that reason

18 The book is a telephone directory We can’ look t up: ‘telephone numbers i in this book

| 19 Mrs Brown rang ‘Dr Browni: He was’ ‘going to carry out an “urgent operation at that moment -

V) Use a Relative pronoun or Relative adverb to combine each pair rof sentences below

— 1, The student is from China He sits next to me

2 J thanked the woman ‘This 4 woman: had helped 1 me

The professor is excellent I'm taking his course,

Jim passed the exam This surprised everybody

‘The man is my father I respect this man most eS "

Isawa lot of people and horses, They went, to market

Tom has three, sisters All of them are married :

22 That man is an artist | don’ t remember the man ’s name

-23 The reason is not valid ‘You gave it yesterday.:

-24.We enjoyed the city We spent our vacation in this city

/ 25 One of the elephants-had only one tusk We saw these elephants: at the zoo

26.1 looked at the moon It was very bright that evening VĂN aS

27.My father goes swimming everyday You met.him this mon ing

30 The pupils haven’t done their homework It is tọa bad

32 The girl is happy She won thẻ races so

33 The taxi driver is fnendly He took, me to the airport

34.1 liked the composition.- -Yêu wrdte it _35 The people were very nice “We-visited them yesterday

36 The meeting was interesting I went to it

37 The picture: was “beaut Nếu She: was looking at it

38.1 T apok ize4 0 th ie woman 1 spilled her coffee

90,

40 Thẻ man ‘called the police His wallet was: Stolen,

A, T have to call the man I accidentally picked up his umbrella

‘The city was beautiful We spent our vacation there

“43 That is the restaurant I'll meet you there

44, The town is small I grew up there

45 [1l never forget the day I first met you then

46 May is the month The weather is usually the hottest then

47.7:30 is the time My plane will arrive then

48.Do you remember the year? The First World War ended in that year

49 The man is a biologist His father is a botanist

‘ 50.1 love my parents’ house I was born i in that house

VỤ Rewrite each of the following sentences i in such a way that it 1 means exactly the

ed, The man that we are talking about is a famous scientist

- -2, The lree that we picked these fnils from i is in’ front of the house

_—> The tree’ from

3 The city that we were born i in is very large

- => The cilyim foo

4 Do: you remember: the day? We firs rst mét on + tai dạy

->:Do you remember the day om -

5 ‘The manager has just a announced his retirement We have all depended on him so much

- The manager on

NGU PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 55

-> The, officer to

fi ar wasn’t very friendly Ị SpOke lụ to him yesterday

`7 “The dog was very frightened The le boys threw stones at 1L

-» The dog at

8 The road was built in 1980: We: are diving on it "

-> The road øn

9 Did you see the letter? It came esterday morning củ

-» Did you

10 This: is Rex Hotel, and it is: the biggest hotel in te city

— This is Rex Hotel, which

1 I don’t know the reason

2 They have found the handbag

3 He doesn’t like people

4 The police arrested the man

Do you know the country

The woman is my mother ¬

5

6 I don’t like the women

7

9 She has lost the bicycle a

10 This is the house

y Bther, -

11 The book is about the girl - "“

12 George works for a company

13 What was the name of the horse

14 The police have ‘caught the men a a

15 Mary has lost a purse

161s there anyone here

17.A market is a place

18 It’s one of the few houses

19: The story is about a girl

20) Please tell me the reason

VHI) Reduce relative clauses to phrases oo

2 The envelop which lies on the table has pd starnt

3 Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday i

- facture of many dyes, perfumes and: eX] plosives

4 My grandmother, who is old ai ad ‘sick, ti

9 The students don’t know how to

6

The diagrams which we ‘ - made by y

at the end of the eat

56 so NGU PHÁP TIẾNG ẢNH

oung F araday were.sent to

» became the starting point in 1 the mart

'8 All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth j in space capsules are - weightless,

9 All students who don’t hand i in their papers: will fail in the exam

10.1 saw many houses: that were destroyed by the storm

11,The street which leads to the school i is very wide

‘12 The system which is used here is very successful ¬

14 Trains which leave from ‘this station take an hour lo get tại: ohđón ` pe

‘15 The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam, ~

‘16 We are ‘driving | on the road which was built i in] BG

17 Customers who complain about the service should see the manager |

| We-had to at standing up because Ì we é-hadn’ t anything that we ¢ could sit on

8 She hhadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards TT

10 There are six letters which have to be written today

11: There i is a bench that your, children’ cain sit, on

12 We have some picture books that childrén can read

13 He was the second man who was killed i in n this way, _ os "

15.The man who was interviewed was: entirely i tinsuitable: "

X) Replace the To-infinitive phrases by: Relative clauses

„1, Lady Astor was the: first woman to: take her seat in Par lament

2 ‘The last student to be interviewed was John oe

4 The last person to leave the rool must tun onl the Highs, - oe

5 The air-hostess’ was: ‘the only j person to survive the crash.”

6 Jim was the first boy to reach the lop

sa

§

_7 EieWas: ‘the fi rst Than: to leave the burning building” oes sọ oe

oe We had.a la lake fo.swim ing tee ae

oe Some/ Any (met it, một vai) | "¬ a

“4 SOME: Some được đặt trước danh từ đếm được số nhiều (plural countable foun)

hoặc danh từ không đếm được {uncountabie noun) trong câu xác định:

He saw some: strangers in his house yesterday

_ lịch sự) ` Sun SỔ

- Ex: Would you ‘like some more coffee?

- su ANY: Any thường được đặt trước danh từ đếm được hoặc danh từ _ đếm được

Ex: Do you want: any sugar? | Co

- Does your sister need any ‘eggs? có ¬ v - — Ce Ln

“ary: vr l Cac dai từ phiếm chi (something, anything someone, anyone “somebody, "1

Ex: I don't see anything: on the table

' Is there anybody’ in your house now?

T want: to do’ Something to help her 7

ll ‘Most/ Most of (phan lớn, đa số) -

J MOST: Most ding trước danh từ đếm được số nhiều hoặc danh từ th

Most la tử hạn định trong cấu trúc: ˆ

MOST + NOUN

MOST + ADJECTIVE + NOUN Ex: Host children are fond of Sweet

“Most beer has been drunk

OF t ise students : are > intelligent

- M@st af her: friends have well-paid jobs 7

"We spend most most of our leist time watching TV

He has finished most of of th exercises in this book

# Các cụm danh từ đứng sau most of thường xác định 1 Bhai cố the, ths, these

‘those,.: hodc cac tinh tw sé haw? my, his, her.)

_ Ex: Most boys and girls have given thought | to ‘their future job

Most of the boys and girls i 1n my class want to choose’ well-paid jobs

Hil Much, Many, A great deal of, A large number of, A a to of, Lot 'of (nhiều)

With countable nouns

(Với các danh từ đếm được) many much.” “(thing ding trong cầu phủ định

~ ~ head nghí vấn)

(thường dùng trong cầu xác định)

a large number of a greal t deal of TC

a great number of - coh large: airount of

plenty of 2 pplenty of

lots of Se Ylots of | - oe

Ex: I ain't t have much time for night elubs

`: ‘here ave sO many people here that.J feel tired, "¬

Alarge amount of air pollution comes from industry

“She has got a great, deal of homework today

_ Diđ you spend much money on the beautiful cars? ~Yes, I spent a lot of

money on them: I want ‘to have a lot of cars

There's plenty of milk in the: fridge

There are plenty of eggs in the fridge a

I saw lots of flowers in the garden: yesterday

A large number of students in this ‘school are ‘good

Lưuý: Khi trọng câu xác định có các từ very, too, 50, as thi phải dùng much/ many

IV Few, A Few, Little, A Little (it, một it, một vai}

1 Few/ A Few: dùng trước các danh từ đếm được số nhiều (plural countable nouns}

Few: rdf it, hau nhu khong cé ( hơn những gì ban muốn hoặc mong dot)

Ex: I don't want to take the trip to Hue because I have few friends there They hardly find a job because- there are few jobs

A few: một oài (gần nghĩa: VỚI S0ne}

A

A few people left early

2 Little/ A Little: ding trước các danh từ không dém được (uncountable nouns)

Little: rat it (it hon những gì bạn muốn hoặc mong doi) —

_ NGỮ 'Bháp TiếNG AM: l9

Ex: There was little doubt in my tee

“I have very little time for reading

J understood little of what he said

A little: một ít, một chúi (gần nghĩa với some)

Ex: I need a little help to move these, books

It caused | a little confusion.” `

Would you like a little salt, on your vegetables?

_EXERCIS ES

Choose the correct words i in the following sentences

Iie doesn’t have (many/ much) money ` :

1 would like (a few/ a little) salt on my vegetables

She bought (many/ much) cards last night

There are (less/ fewer) boys in this class than in ¡the next class |

There is (foo many/ too much) information, to learn

Would you like (less/ fewer) coffee ‘than: this?

This jacket costs (too much/ too’ mafiy) của : _

I don’t want (some/ any) egies ‘bat [ want { tny/ some) cheese

.(How mụch/ How many): pounds: of butter dee fe an ” ce _ :

Is there (some/ any) tea in the cupr

13 Peter doesn’t want (something/ anything) to do

14.1 cant speak (a few/ a little) English

15 They don't need (some/ any) coffee ¬

17 They have given (a large number off a great deal of): lime on: n training es

18 The teacher found (a large number off a Great deal, of) mistakes iy

19 can drink (a few/ a tittle) wine _

Il) Fill in each of the blanks with MOST or MOST DOF

_ ađolescenits can hardly fi nd a ‘suifable®

There are lo students j 11 my class athe

_ men and women sppl( { #\

1

2

3

5 She gave her energyt

{11) Fill in each of the blanks wih A A GREAT DEAL 0E/ A LẠRGE NUMBER OF/ Z

MUCH (OF)/ MAR ¥ (GF)

PNP

11 - people know: him as a devoted doctor.’

-16 Mrs Green has $ spent _-

_IV) Insert: SOME ANY, SOMEONE, ANYONE, SOMEWHERE, ANYWHERE where |

- Thank you very for your valuable help

Do you have’ e enough exercises to do now? Oh, too" ¬

10.She doesn’t know about what to do in response te his | kin a: heartediness

13 She is-very rich She has — _- moneys # ve

14 goods were sent to nhe exhibition

time in Ho Chi Minh city

19 Please buy _ soapy

.:9guiret Tủ [

Le Will-you have i _ tea? : ee

_ Tf you haven't ae money you: cary get eee ‘from the bank

6 ‘Please’ buy butter for’ mother.” ne

7 Vhave _ 4 "new dresses =

9 Ihave bought furniture : aoe Rises _10.Why don’t you ask the bank for _ money? Co : V) Fill in each blank with LITTLE/ FEW orA LITTLE/ A FEW (08) A

~2 Would I you like = coffee?’ Yes, please But put: ae = gar in it

4 Can you speak French? ¡` na HỒ nại -

5 Hf you have > “knowledge of E nglish ¢ grammar, you van! 1 make | correct

6 Ihad time to look af

_Just look at this picture ee

> Take a cu

7-7 love her v very much

_ -> I'm very much in

8 .We must start early

9 He received her letter 0 of the 10h

> > After lunch time she usually takes a

They show a strong desire to ut aside the s status sof the school child, |

oo: They strongly EE

aS They gavea ec ¬

wa} There has: beer a * tendency to choose well gã

- -» They have cre wie al

.8 Some children ø give a reat deal of thowght to heir future work

s better lor you not t to 0 ba e

sik than it rained

fas: very Tittle sleep

20 My grandfather is a lover of music

My grandfather 7

21 Héisa ‘careful: driver, 3x He dưves - —_ " = Họ Su Q29 SỐ cà

22 She sings well

_ (ANG NHAN MANH)

Khi muốn câu có ý thuyết phục hơn và nghĩa mạnh hơn người ta a dung, hình hthức sọ

nhấn mạnh (emphasis)

1 Nhấn mạnh trong phát â âm (Emphasis i in pronunciation)

v muốn nhấn mạnh một từ, ta đọc từ đó mạnh hơn, lớn hơn hoặc on fv ie nak

Ta cing cé thé kéo dai nguyên âm hoặc ngưng đại: trước tử được n

a Động từ Wwerbs)

| D0/ DOES/ DID + Vibare-ind

Ex: John visited her yesterday + Jo

ces sary to dearn a foreign language

_€ Danh từ, đại từ hoặc trạng từ (nouns, pronouns or adverbs) 7 _- Để nhấn mạnh danh từ hoặc đại từ ta có thể dùng các đại từ nhấn mạnh (emphatic am pronouns) myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ‘ourselves, themselves Dai ty nhấn mạnh thường đứng ngay sau từ được nhấn mạnh hoặc đứng c cuối cate

_- Để nhấn mạnh trạng từ tá đứa trạng từ ra đầu câu và đảo 6 ngữ

Ex: Rarely has a new film produced such positive: reviews

- - Để nhấn mạnh danh tử, đại từ hoặc trạng từ ta cũng | có thể ding ‹ cấu trúc

| It is/ was + + that/: who - ove Jo oe

Ex: ‘Englan od won the World-Cup in: 186 Phe

> It was England that won: the: Worlả-Cup in 1966

I love you > it is you 4 thai / who T love:

> Do listen’ to me, please — "

_ => -Do visit us some time

4 Ex: Listen to me, please

- Câu đề nghị phủ định (Negative cornmiands)

| DONT YOU + Waren a)

> Don't you make too auch noise

- Bx: Dont talk in, class.’

_Don t make too much noise

) Rewrite e the sentences with a an n emphasis 0 on the underlined words

Ted broke the news to me.- Doe a

They want t money They: don’ t want affection

i remembered her name after she had gone

id did my English test very well

‘Does Mary wash ‘up everyday?

` She first heard the news from: Francis

T.gét along with: hii ‘perhaps’ because he's a’ misfit

: vi Fill in each blank with 2 a proper expression of Fasantity

_tourists have not’ visited’ this part of the: town yet

- the people at the party were very friendly

Are those people English? thems

Let’s ‘go and have a drink We’ve got _ | “time: before the train leaves

_8 The race gave everyone ~~ - pleasure:

9 Hurry or we'll be late We have very eo time”

: _ 12 The Smiths Spent mo ney n their last

_ knowledge: 4 bout genetics -

15, The boys are making too a Noise |

~ 16 We spend _ our, time on on Englis sy ,

He has | _ Money in the bank ne

S19: There i is sugar in the jar ˆ- tịi

_ - 20 Did children know, anything about their future job/ No, just _

22.0 “people 2 are afraid of, snakes : ¬

24 How languages: can you ‘speak? And how

hoo 26 _ machinery was sent to the eÌ biti

‡ 27._._ furniture in hẹr room is new: os

a 238 — _ us feel the-same le abo the WẠ: Me

a "How ( (many/ me:

: "hong, millions s-af)? people The- (number/ amount)*: of letters ‘ordinary, people’ receive

NGỮ! PHÁP T LẾNG ANH

_ fiends in- 1 this s city "¬

unwanted letters (Much/ Many)" of: the mail we ‘receive ‘goes straight into 5 the: 'waste-

- paper basket That’s why (most/ the mosÐ)f people retey to it as junk mail It would be better for all of us if we received (much/" many)* less junk mail and, as a result, saved

(many/ much)" more trees from destruction

“(WAN PHONG) ˆ a

Van phong styles B những li kiểu hành văn để diễn đ al một câu nĩi theo nhiều cách

khác nhau Những cách diễn đạt một cất ¡ văn GÚ thể lã:

- Dùng tính từ thay cho' danh tử thoặc ngewe on Ex: There is a determination te, rereome problems

lelerttuasd to overcome problems |

: số AE | ^

vế > They aren't interested in the: picture

Dang z động tử thay cho danh từ ữ (hoặc ngược: i ;

Hie had an intention of making a journey with her

> He intended to make a journey with her 7

- Dũng thể bị động của động từ thay cho thể chủ động thos ngược lai)

Ex: Mary has finished her homework ˆ

-» Mary's homework has been finished.”

We: should keep dangerous chemicals in’ safe + places

- Dang trạng từ thay cho tính từ (hoặc ngược lại): ' -

->He stron inet rch to become ¿ a doctor 34 to contrat sb: to have contact with sb (lién lac, quan hé)~

Adv+V 35 to exchange: to have an exchange of (ao đổi) - `

They gave some careful thought to the pr oblom 36.to argue with sb: to have an argument: with sb (tranh cdi vdi ai) ¬

Adj + N 37 to complain about: to have a complaint about: (phan nàn: ĐỀ LH) "

> They thought about the problem, carefully 38 to land: to make a landing (hạ cánh)

40 to need: to have a need of (cén)

- 41.to love sb: to fall in love with sb (yêu ai)

42 to brush sth: to give sth a brush (chả)

* Một số tử được sử dụng đưới dạng dong t từ verb), va danh tử (noun)

to think about/ of: to give thought to inghi)

to be determined to: to have a determination to (quuết tam)

io tend to: lo have a tendency lo (có khưụnh hướng)

to desire: {o have a desire (ao ước)

lo visit sh: to pay a visiL.to sB/ to pay-sb: a visit (thăm viding)

10 to discuss sth: lo have a discussion ahout (thảo luận) - _,

11.1ø đecide to: to make a decision to (quyết định) -

12.10 talk to: to have a talkwith (nói chuuên)

13.{o explaim sth: lo give an explanation for (giết thích) sẻ

_to be interested in: to have interest ‘in lihich)

|7.to photograph: to have | a photograph of (chụp hình) -

18 lo cry: to give a cry (khóc, kêu) -

19.10 laugh at: to give a laugh al, (cười nhạo).`

2U.1o welcome sb: to give sb a welcome (chào don)

21.10 kiss sb: to give sha kiss (hon)

22 lo ring sb: to give sh a ring (goi dignj "

2PA.to try fo (+ inf): to make an ‘effort taf to make ar

25 lo mee! sh: to havea meeting with: sh (gap đi”

26.lo succeed: to make.a success (thành công)

27.10 be used: to be in-use (duge ‘Si

28 lo rest: to have a resl(n igh trừ0

29.10 sleep: to have a sle |

ạ “ion of doing i it well "

r During the lesson, she always takes a careful look at all the sentences and clin

_ My friend expressed a wish to become a pilot có _ You have no need of: answering all the questions in their order ° ”

10 Please give me a call when you arrive, and we'll have a meeting at a certain ‘yestaurant '

- 13 He made ä đecision to leave home ˆ

14 Thad no intention of staying here

~ 15, She has a great i interest in music

~ 16: There was an exchan exchange of English lessons between, the t two scoolg ¬

18 Thad an atrangement with the neighbours about teeing the cats

19 There was: ro explanation for her plan: -

"20 She had a medical examination by a doctor

2 Rewrite these sentences; using the › Nouns corresponding t to the Verbs ¬ me vn

64 NGỮ PHẨP”

‘ —

: :3: Tân ngữ trực tiếp, tân ngữ gián tiếp, L tân n ngữ c của 'iồi t tư (direct object, indirect |

"object, ‘prepositional object)’

Ex You did such.s splendid work

„The mother gave her son a cake

os Ex: He is my closest f friend

ss Bổ ngữ của tân ngữ (objective complement)

5 Mot phần của ngữ giới từ (part of prepositional Phrases)

Ex: He spoke in a different Äone

6 Đồng cách: với một danh từ khác (appositive phưascg) ¬—

HH Số của danh từ (the nùmbér of nouns) la hình thức hiến dạng của a danh từ cho

ta biết đang: nói về một cái thay nhiều cái,

Ex: The’ girl is singing (singular)

| The: ‘girls are: singing (plural)

* Cách thành lập số nhiều ( Formation of the plural)

lL Hầu hết: các 'đanh tử số nhiềư thường thêm '$ ở ; cuối

Ex: boy > boys, “ạt ca: hats: ae PS

- Che chữ cái, chữ số, các dấu hiệu v và những k từ loại sli khôi

- được đùng như đanh tử thường thêm $ Vào cuối

2 Các danh từ chấm đứt Bằng s¿ shy ch x, Z, tiên) 6s vào

Ex:- dish > dishes, church | - churches; bas `

teal danh từ tân cùng bằng s, Ấy „ch, sh, 2

ee Ex: watches, -boxes, bridges, we at ys By

Các danh từ chấm đứt bằng y sau một phụ â âm khi 6 ở số ố nhiều bỏ y va a them i ies Các

_ đanh từ chấm đứt bằng y sau một nguyên âm chỉ cần thêm s - ˆ oe

- Đanh từ riêng (proper nouns) chấm đứt bằng chỉ cần thêm Sinh

Ex: Mary - —> Marys, Murphy - > ” Murphys BON

Danh từ kết thac bing & fe khác về: số shite chi thêm s

Bx: tomato —x “tomatoes, potato —-> potatoes, hero'> heroes —_

Cac danh ter cham đứt bằngo Oo sau một nguyên â âm, hoặc c các tử mượn của nước ngoài

OE : radio — > radios, piano -> pianos -

vị Số nhu, hat qui tic (regular plurals)

- Một: 36 danh từ khi ở số nhiều đổi nguyên âm:-

- Một số danh từ khi ở số nhiều thêm en:

child - children ` ox > oxen

- Mét số danh từ khi ở số nhiều vẫn không thay đổi hình thức:

adeer -> deer sa fish) => fish

a sheep -> sheep

- Một số danh từ tận cùng bằng ø khi ở số nhiều vẫn không đổi hình thức:

¬ — works, series, ‘species, barracks hà

7 Số nhiều của các danh tử mượn từ nước ngoài (Foreign plurals)

- Các danh từ tận cùng bằng a khi ở số nhiều a đổi thành ae

- Cac danh từ tận cùng bằng us khi 6 s6 nhiéu us đổi thành i

Ex: bacterium — bacteria | ~ curriculum - > curricula s dictum 7 dicta

Ex criterion > ‘criteria, _ phenomenon > ‘phenomena _

10 We ‘need pilots, not ground staff

11 Prices: will go up This i is $ certain

_12.To bẻ early: i is better:

13 Peter lent us money Paul didn’t.»

14 We found that getting a visa was impossible

16 We ordered wine We didn’t order beer

17 Bad roads, don’t ‘cause accidents Speed d does

19 Mastering a second language takes time: and practice Số

20.1 loved you _

(21.1 love you |

22.1 love you

24 England won the World Cup in: 1966

25.We enjoyed ourselves =

26 Does Mr, Smith want to Visit: Ús?: |

27 Income tax will be reduced This wees nh

28 The countryside is most beautiful in autumn:

30 Napoleon was finally defeated in Waterloo

33 John took your book He told me so

34 Remember to lock the door before you leave

35 We reached Istanbul by train

37.I think that taking up yoga is not: a ood idea

38 Be careful

40 Mrs Jones spends too much time making up —

41 Youre mistaken

42 Visit us again some time -

43 Don’t make too much noise

44.] did my English test very well ẽ

50 ie me solve

A; Danh từ có thể được chia lâm 2 loại chính: VN

1 Danh từ cụ thể (concrete notins) chi những di hits inh; thấy y được, sở được như

Ex: man, country, city, ee

2 Danh tử trữu ¡tượng (abstract nouns) chỉ những 8 gì vô ô hình như bang t thai, tính chat,

quan niém, : Ex: health, +

Sổ eet ‘book; ‘student, ‘idea, :

3 Danh từ không đến được - (uncountable nouns)

Ex: water, grass, information, ¬- :

_+ Tất cả Các danh từ đếm được (countable nouns) du có thể dùng ở, 56 nhiều va

khi ở số ít.thường có mạo từ đ hoặc an, đứng trước a cụ HH ye

Ex: “The Smiths (gia đình Smith)

C Về hình thức, một danh tử có thể là danh tử don simple nouns) hay d danh tử

oo adjective: + noun: quick silver

a adjective: + verb: whitewash

Ex: basis: - “> bases os crisis - “> Crises -

EX ‘brother -> brothers (anh em ruét thii): brethen f ding d đội, dong nghiệp) °

ow pempy > pennies (các đồng xu); pence (số tên xu)

tủ , Staf -› staffs (nhân: 0iên); staves (khuôn nhạc) -

- Các danh tử kép viết đính: thành một chữ hoặc \ viết rời thành hai chữ Cố gạch

niối được coi lầ danh tử: don \ va: néu U phan cuối đà à danh tử thì: số nhiều cũng đổi _

- như tử đơn "- |

ty, trang từ hay tính ữ thì danh từ ay, đổi Sang số nhiều

Ex brother-in-law, : brothers- -in- Taw ,

10 Mau thuan gia hình, thức : số và lý nghĩa

Ex: means, measles, -news; the: United States, ‘mathematics; physies

_W.Sự tương hợp giữa chữ ngữ ' và đột ng từ {Subject a and Verb b Aaree

OL Động từ số it (singular Verb)

-:Ex: My best: friend | and adviser, Tom, is “coming to 3

Ex: ‘Bvervthing | looks s bright 4 and clean:

»* The forms of some plural n nouns: news, “physics, economics :

~* Distance, time and money

* A title of the book, an article, a story sẽ

“Some, a few, both + phưai n noun

Ex: Some books 1 read yesterday are famous

3 Động tử số ít hoặc số nhiều (singular or plural verb)

* The number of + plural noun >> singular verb _A number of + plural noun’ > plural: verb

Ex: The number’ of students in this class is smal}

-A number: of problems have arisen

H

Ex: A box of cigarettes contains 20 pipes

“All, Some, None, ©

singular noun >: singular Verb

Half, Most, The rest; | - plural noun — plural verb

A lot/ Lots | | :

NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 75

* No + ‘singular 1 n n > “ singular verb `

Ex: No example is is relevant to this case

- No two days are e the same

* There + (be) + noun - an

re) + nom Ex: There is a fly in this room

' There are two people e waiting outside

V Cách của danh từ [The case of noums] ˆ

Cách (case) là hình thức của danh từ cho biết sự liên hệ giữa danh t từ với các từ Khác

trong câu

6 đây, chúng ta chỉ đề cập đến phần số hữu cách (possessive case)

- Với danh từ số ít, thêm ”s.-

Ex: The boy's book = The book of the boy -

Tom's house.= The house of Tom ne

- Với danh từ số nhiều tận cùng bằng s, chỉ cần thêm đấu? vole ff un)

- Với các dành từ.số nhiều không tận cùng bằng : $; thêm ° 5

Ex: The men's room = The room of the men " Sy:

- The children’s’ voices = The voices of the children „

- Cé thé ding dang ’s mà không có danh từ the ) SAU

Ex: This isn't my book It's my brother's (my brother's book, ),

Ex: The roof of the garage: (chong ding the garage ‘s roof)

- Dùng øf với the beginning/ end/ fop⁄ˆ bottom đong bác middle/ side

Ex: The back of the car

- Có thể dùng *s hoặc øf với: danh tử chỉ: một tổ chức SỐ

Bx: The government's decision hoặc: The decision

The company’s success hoặc Thẻ success

Ex: The city's new theatre s

Italy's largest city

— bx: We saw a a play of "Shaw's S: (We saw one of Shaw’ s = plays.)

EXERCISES -

QD Read the passage then classify the nouns into: proper nouns, common néins,

** concrete nouns, abstract nouns; countable nouns, uncountable’ ‘nouns tà _ "It was a great treat to be away fromthe city and to breztha- the clean air of the 7 countryside The rain had ceased and the: sun was shining again is ‘T drove up to the _

We went into-the house, chattering and: laughing, whe she dogs crowded round us, brushing up.against us in welcome "We’ rẻ all ¢

He soon ‘grew accustom

chí ke lạnch he had green vegetables and potatoes 2 and a Spoonful of |

wee hey was,

fling affectionate; he would come alone with a aloving e expression 0 on his :

2, climb on your shoulder’ and give your ear a playful bite fees

i) Write plural forms of the nouns below and then group them according to othe

‘pronunciation of -s, -es

Bed, _church, roof, taxi, dish, map; cat, ‘book, dog, + room, ,, boy, size, house, force,

IV) Find the Vietnamese equipvalents for singular and: plural forms of the

following nouns

‘Air; fruit, damage, pain, paper, work, salt”

_V) Choose the correct verb forms a

The picture of, the soldiers (bring/ brings) back mny ¡ memories

Anything G4 are) better than going to the play tonight.’

‘A number: of reporters (was/ were} at the conference yesterday

Each student (has/ have) answered the first three, questions -

Either John or-his wife (make/' makes): breakfast each: ‘moming

liminated: this section of the training tests