Got sen thodn thodt dgo ngay mdi tudng lay Xdm xdm bdng ldi ncdn khuya m$t minh.. Sau ndy, khi Kilu dd sa vdo vdng ludn Ige, dd "sdng ldm vg khdp ngudi ta" nhu Dgm Tien thud t[r]
Trang 1YEU THirONG TRONG "TRUYEN KIEU" -Ttr GOC NHIN CUA NGON NGU" HQC TRI N H ^ LOVE IN TALE OF KIEU UNDER THE VIEWPOINT OF COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS
NGUYfiN THU QUYNH (TS; D^i hpc Sir ph^m, DH Thai Nguyen) Abstract: The concept of emotional LOVE as a special emotional attachment of two
people of the opposite sex can be different from every person, every culture, every ideology
Try to look from the perspective of Cognitive linguistics, as what the Tale of Kieu suggests
about the best way of understanding the subtie and unique emotion
Key words: cognitive model; concept; emotion; love; Tale of Kieu
1 Dat vin dl nhiing ngudi ngang bing); tinh yen ngirdi mp
Vdi 3254 cau tha, Tnty$n Kiiu cua Nguyin (tinh yeu ddi vdi nhiing tin tgi yiu duoi); tinh
Du, nhu edch ndi cda Phan Ngpc, Id "qiiyin ydu ban than; tinh ydu Chiia, vd thudng lidn bdch khoa todn thu eOa mgt ng^ tdm trgng"
[6] Trtey^n Kiiu qud thyc Id tdc phdm t^p
trung vd vdn tam trgng, tinh cam khdc nhau
Mdt trong nhiing tinh edm thudng xuit hifn
nhit trong tdc phim chinh Id tinh edm ydu
tiiuong Tim hidu phuang thftc thi hifn tinh
edm ydu thuang trong Truy$n Kiiu tft gdc dp
ngdn ngft hpc tri nhfn, bdi vilt hi vpng se gdp
phdn gidi md mft sd tin hifu ngdn ngft trong
tac phdm, qua dd thiy dupc biic tranh tinh
edm trong thi gidi nf i tdm cua cac nhdn vft
ddng thdi ldm ro d^c tnmg tri nhan vd phong
each nghe thudt cda Nguyen Du thi hifn trong
tdc pham Tney^n Kiiu
2 M6 thih: tri nh|ln ve tinh cam VfiU
THU'ONG trong Truyen Kieu
Trong nh|in tiiiic cua nhiing ngudi ndi tiing
Vift, tinh edm YEU THU"C(NG (dupc till hifn
qua Id tft "yiu ", "thuang " vd cdc tii ngft ding
nghia khdc) thudng dupc xdc dinh.cd hai
thufc tinh rAu sau: 1/Cd tmh edm de eluu khi
tilp xuc vdi mpt dii tupng ndo dd, muon gin
giii vd thudng sdn sang vi doi tupng dd md het
long; 2/Cd tinh edm thim thilt ddnh cho mft
n^iA khdc gidi ndo dd, muon chung sing vd
cCing nhau gdn bd cupc ddi
Cd thi thiy, thupc tmh dau tien rf ng han
tiiufc tinh thft hai Tliufc tinh ndy xdc dinh
phgm vi Y^U THU'ONG tiong nhftng quan hf
quan din nhthig tu ddng nghia nhu: thuong, quy, min, Ttong Truyen Kieu, cung cd tiie
bit g$p nhiing vl dy tuong ty, nhu;
Qudn gia cd mgt mu ndo/Thdy ngudi thdy nit ra vdo md thuong
d trin edn cd nhd thung/Liegng trin trdng xudng biit long cd thuong,
Trong khi dd, thufc tinh thft hai chft ydu Id ndi ve tinh yen trong quan hf khdc gjdi vdi nhung cung b ^ tinh edm khdc nhau vd trong
Truy$n Kiiu thudng dupc bilu dgt bdng nhiing tft ddng nghia nhu: thuong (vdi nghia "y^u"), ua,mg trong nhiing cdu tha nhu;
Thuong nhau xin nhd lot nhau/Ndm chdy ciing chdng di ddu md ch^
Thuang nhau sinh td da Hiu/ Gap nhau edn chut bay nhiiu la tinh
Ddt trong khudn kho li thuyit ve md thftc tri nhgn II tudng, ed the hinh dung ve tinh edm YEU THU'ONG nhu mpt md tiiftc phftc cdu gIm mft so tilu md thuc tri nhfn nhu; (i) Tilu md thuc ve sy dnh hudng (duong tInh - tich cyc/dm tinh - tidu eye); tirtii edm YEU THU'ONG Id tinh cam cd tinh chdt duang tinh, tdc dpng tich eye tdi trgng thai tdm
II cua con ngudi (ii) Tilu md thftc ve mftc df (manh/khdng mgnh): tinh edm YEU THU'ONG cd cudng df mgnh hon nhftng tinh edm khdc
Trang 2NG6N NGC & B(n S6NG So 5 (247)-2016 (iii) Tieu md thdc vl ddi tupng (hudng
ngoai/ hudng ndi): tinh cam YfiU THU'ONG
danh cho doi tupng khdc (thudng dupe nhdc
den Id ngudi dgc bift, khdc gidi) ho§c cho bdn
thdn minh Ngudi thy hudng hdnh vi thich ung
cd thi Id chu till (yeu ban thdn) nhung thdng
tiiudng la ddi thi (ngudi ^ bift khdc gidi,
cha mp, anh em, con cdi, bgn be, nhdn logi, )
(iv) Tilu md thftc vl nguydn nhdn; tinh
edm YfeU THU'ONG cd till phdt sinh do
nhiing nguydn nhdn thuin tdy xftc edm ho$c
nhirng nguydn nhdn khdc nhu sy tri dn, sy suy
tinh,
(v) Tidu md tiiftc vl khd ndng kilm sodt;
tinh edm YEU THU'ONG (ti^ng mli quan hf
khdc gidi) cd thi din ddn nhftng hdnh dfng
mat kiem sodt nhu muon gdn giii hay sy dfng
chgm vl thi xdc, muln au yim, tinh tft,
Dudi ddy, xin minh hpa cdc tilu md thftc tri
nhfn ndi trdn md tiiudng hay g$p nhdt tix)ng
TriQ/^n Kiiu, bdng nhiing vl dy Id cac bilu
tiiftc ngdn ngft (BTNN) cd chfta cdc tft ngft
bilu tiii tryc tilp tinh cam YEU THUONG
fl Tiiu md thdc vi mdc dg
Tu lifu khao sdt Tnty^n Kiiu cho thdy: tinh
edm YiUTHUONG dupe till hifn rit phong
phii vd da dgng vdi nhilu cung bfc khdc nhau
Mft phgm tiii nhu YEU THU'ONG (tuong
duong trong tiing Anh Id LOVE) d Tnry$n
Kiiu cd the dupc bilu hifn bdng 7 tft sau day
(sip xep theo tin sl xuit hifn cao - thkp trong
tdc pham): throng, yiu tea, di dn, thuong nhd,
m0, kinh yiu (3 mdc dp eao efta tinh yeu Id
cdc tft; yeu, di dn Idnh yiu, thuang; d mftc df
thip han dupc bilu thj bing cdc tii Id: thuang
nhd, md, ua Ching hgn;
Ndi vl tinh cam ciia Kilu vd Thuc sinh
ngay tii khi mdi gdp ga; Thuong sao cho v?n
thi thuang/Tinh sao cho trgn mgi dudng xin
vdng Din khi chia tay Thuc sinh, Kilu ciing
da dn can ddn dd: Thuong nhau xin nhd ldi
nhau/Ndm chdy cung chdng di ddu md chdy
Vd sau nay, khi Kilu gdp lai Kun Trpng sau
15 ndm ddi xa cdch, Nguyen Du cung diing tft
thteong dl y nif m hda tinh edm giiia 1^ ngudi
vl du: Thuang nhau xin nhd ldi nhau/Ggp nhau edn chiit bdy nhiiu Id tinh
d miic df cao han, dl bilu thi y nifm tinh cam gin bd ddc bift cda hai ngudi khdc gidi,
Nguyen Du cdn diing tft^u vd dl dn
Tu Yiu xuat hifn trong trudng cdnh khi Kilu ndi vdi TTiuc sinh: Binh Khang ndn nd bay Idu/Yiu hoa y^ duQc m^t mdu diim trang
hay khi Nguyin Du mieu td tinh edm say dim cua Kim Trpng ddnh dio Kilu trong ngdy ^p
Igi: Thoat thdi, toy Igi edm tay/Cangyiu vi net cdng say vi tinh
Tu di dn dupc Nguyin Du sft dyng trong
trudng hpp ndi ve tinh edm cua Kieu danh cho Kim Trpng trong dem trac> duyen cho Thiiy
Vdn: Bdy gid trdm gdy giKy>ig tan/Ki ldm sao hit mudn vdn didn Thuc sinh ciing dd cd lin khuyen Kieu: Liiu md xa ch^ cao bav/Aidn
ta cd ngdn ndy md thdi, khi nhdn thftc dupc
tinh ydu ciia minh vd Kilu da bi Hoan Thu ldm cho tan vd, chia lia Sau ndy, khi Kieu dupc trd vl dodn ty vdi gia ^nh, Nguyin Du
cung da dftng Idy ffi Idy Igi tft an di vd di dn dl
ndi ve mong muon mft tinh edm gin bd d$c
bift cua Kim Trpng ddnh cho Thuy Kilu; Cdn nhieu dn di chan chan/NghT rdng ehua thodt khoi vdng didn
Cd 16, trong ba moi tinh vdi ba ngudi ddn dng Kim Trpng, Thuc sinh vd Tft Hdi thi tinh ydu cua Kilu ddnh cho Kim Trpng Id sdu d§m
vd tha tiiilt nhdt Ching till md tiude khi ra di vdi Ma gidm sinh, Kilu dd tiian khdc vdt \^
di Kim Lang hdi Kim Lang/lhoi thdi thiip da phti chdng ta ddy Khi d idu Ngung Bich, giiia
bon bl tra ti^i, ndng cung dd tudng nhd tdi
ngudi ydu ndm xua dd cdng thi udc: Tudng ngmi duoi ngiey^t chin dSng/Tin steong luong rdtOn^ rcty trdng mai chd/Bin trdi gdc bi ba va/Tdm son ggt rua bao gid cho phai Khi d
liu xanh, ndng cung khdn ngudi thuang nhd
Kim Trpi^; Mid ldi ngiQ^n udc ba sinh/Xa xdi en cd thdu tinh chdng ai? vd khi dd liy Tii
Hdi, hinh dnh ciia Kim Trpng vln ludn hifn
Idn tixjng tdm tri ndng; Tiic thay chat nghia c&
Trang 3NG6N NGC* & B(n S6NG
0 mftc dp thip ban, Nguyen Du sft dyng
cdc BTNN nhu w£^ mp khi ndi din tinh edm
YEU THU'ONG mdi d muc dp edm tinh t
nifm bilu thj tinh yen d mftc df edm tinh nhu
idy lam bdng ldng, thich tiid dupc xuit hifn
tixmg n ^ cdnh khi Ma Gidm sinh mua Kilu:
Man ndng mgt ve mgt ug/Bdng ldng khdch
mai tuy co dgt diu hay khi Tft Hdi gdp Kilu:
Trudng to giap mgt hoa ddo/Ve ndo chdng
man, net ndo chdng ug; Hai bin ciing liic hai
long cimg tm Y nifm bilu thi tinh yen mdi d
mftc dp efta sy ham thich dupc xudt hifn trong
ngft cdnh Tft Hdi chu dfng den tim Kilu khi
nghe dupe danh tiing ciia Kilu da Idu: Hoa
khdi mo tiing Kiiu nhilThiip hdng tim din
huong khui gui vdo
Nhu vgy, dya trdn tu lieu khdo sdt trong
Truy$n Kiiu, tidu md thftc tri nhgn ve muc dp
cua tinh edm YEU THLTONG cho tiidy, tinh
cam ndy dupc the hifn trong tdc pham la mpt
tinh edm manh md, ddn ndn vd cd tinh tuang
ddi on dinh." Tmh cam YEU THU'ONG tixmg
mdi quan hf nam nft (tiic vdi mft dii tupng
ddc bift khdc gidi) cd cudng df mgnh hon
nhung tinh edm khdc vd cd sy phdt trien tuang
ddi phong phu tft tinh cam d mftc dp thap, cdn
mang tmh chat cam tinh (edm tinh) (nhu wa,
mg ) cho din sy ning ndn, cuong nhift, xdm
chilm todn bp ddi sing tinh than ciia cd nhdn
(dhayiu, didn, thuong, )
b Tiiu md thdc vi ddi tu0ig
Tinh edm YEU THtTCJNG tiiudng hudng
tiii dii tupng la dii till nhu mft ngudi d$c bift
khdc gidi, cha mp, anh em, con cai, bgn bd,
nhdn logi, hoac hirdng tdi chft thi Id bdn thdn
minh
Trong Truy?n Kiiu, tilu md thftc tri nhdn
vl dii hipng efta tinh edm YEU THU*C5NG
dupc thi hifn hit sue phong phft Doi tupng
cua tinh cam ndy dupe Nguyen Du nhic den
tixmg mli quan hf linh edm gin bd d0c bift
ciia Thdy Kilu vdi ba ngucri khdc gidi gom:
Kim Trpng, Thuc sinh vd Tft Hdi
Kim Trpng Id ngudi yeu dau tien ciia Kieu
ydu tiiucmg nhdt Ddy Id moi tinh tha ngdy, troi^ sdng vd rat mfng ma Hai ngudi yeu nhau trong udc mfng, trong tudng tupng nhieu han Id trong ttiyc te Kim Trpng dd tham
yeu Kilu tft khi chua g|p gd: Ntede non cdch mdy buong thiu/NhOng la trdm gidu thdm yiu choc mdng Vfta mdi gip nhau trong tiet
Thanh minh, hai bdn dd yeu nhau tixmg mft
mli tinh thim Idi^: Ngudi qudc sdc, ke thiin tdi/Tinh trong nhu dd mdt ngodi cdn e Tinh
ydu ciia Thuy Kilu vdi Kim Trpng cd thi ndi
Id nong thdm nhung khdng vf i vdng; trdi lai cd phin e ap, diu dang, gin gift
Khdc vdi Kim Trpng, tinh yeu cua Kilu vdi TTiftc sinh Id tinh ydu cda mpt ki nft dii vdi khdch ldng choi Tinh yeu cua Tft Hdi vdi Thuy Kilu cung Id tinh gifta khdch ldng choi
vd kl nft nhung moi tinh ndy cung ed It nhieu dilm gilng v<M tinh yeu cua Kim Trpng vdi
Thuy Kieu: Thuy Kilu da xftc dfng \\ dang
difu hdo hoa, phong nha ciia Kim Trpng va cdi
uy nghi, I§m lift, khi phdch ngang tang ciia Tft Hai
Vdi cdc doi tupng khac trong tilu md thtic tii nhan cua tinh edm Yl&U THU'ONG, tixjng
Truy$n Kiiu, Nguyin Du ciing ddt Kieu trong
mli quan he:
Vdi cha ciia TTiue sinh Id Thuc dng: Lugng trin trdng xuong biit ldng cd thuang NghT con vdng ve thuang ngudi nit na;
Vdi vien quan xft vy kifn; Nghe ldi ndi cUng thuang ldi;
Vdi ngirdi quan gia efta gia dinh hp Hoan:
TJidy ngicdi thdy nit ra vdo md thuang vdi Gidc Duydn: Gidc Duyen su trudng long lanh Hin thuang
Ddc bift Id cd tinh edm ciia Hogn Thu danh
cho Kieu: Tiiu thu xem cung thuang tdi/ Rdng: Tdi nen trgng md tinh nen thuong
Tmh cam YEU THU'ONG cdn xudt hifn trong ngft cdnh Kilu ddnh cho cha mp trong
nhiing thdng ngdy luu lac (Xdt thay hi^in cdi, xudn gid/Fdm ldng thuong nhd biit Id eo
Trang 4ngudi) vd cho bdn thdn (Khi tinh rugu, luc tdn
canh/Gidt minh, minh Igi thuong minh xdt xa)
Cd thd thdy tieu md thftc tri nhdn v l doi
tiipng cua tinh edm Y ^ U THLTONG tuang d i i
phong phii, da dang: Id mpt ngudi dac bift
khdc gidi; Id mpt ^ i tupng ndo dd cd quan hf
gin bd trong cdc mdi quan hf gia dhih va xd
hf i (cha ching con ddu, vp cd vp le, quan
-ddn thudng, qudn gia - ngirdi ^ u p vifc, ) vd
ciing cd thi Id chinh bdn thdn minh (di ki - ty
yeu) ^
c Tiiu md thuc vi ngiQfin nhdn
Tinh edm YEU THU'ONG cd till phat sinh
do nhftng nguyen nhdn thuan tiiy xuc edm
ho^c nhftng nguyen nhdn khdc nhu sy tii dn,
sy tinh todn vy Ipi,
Trong Thry$n Kiiu, Nguyen Du khdng d l
c^p tryc tilp nhung ngudi dpc van cd till nhfn
ra khi dSIt tilu md hlnh tri nhfn v l nguydn
nhdn cua tinh edm nay trong moi quan hf tinh
edm ciia Kieu vdi ba ngirdi dan dng trong ddi
ndng Id Kim Trpng, Thftc sinh vd Tft Hdi:
Nguydn nhan tao ndn tinh ydu ciia Thfty
Kilu vd Kim Trpng Id sy hda hpp ciia con tim
s i c dpp efta Kilu khiln hoa ghen, liiu hdn,
khiln nghieng nude nghiing thdnh cung nhu
phong tiidi phong nhd, hdo hoa cua Kim
Trpng ddu Id nhung ndt tiianh xudn trong sdng,
hip din ciia nhiing ngudi dang ydu
Tinh yeu giiia Thfty Kilu vd Thuc sinh bit
nguIn chu yeu tft nguyen nhdn tinh dye vd sy
toan tinh Dii vdi Thuc sinh, tinh edm giiia hai
ngudi Id theo cdch nhilu lan gin gui ndn thdnh
tinh yeu: Sdm ddo tdi man Im la/Trudc con
trdng gid sau ra dd vdng Vdi Kilu, tinh yeu
i y Id sy suy tinh, dupc xdy dyng ti^ cdn bdn
tien bgc vd ciia mft ngudi ddn bd tftng tr^,
chft khdng trong sang nhu cua ndng doi vdi
Kim Trpng; Tfnrong sao eho v?n thi thuang
Tinh sao eho trgn mgi dudng xin vdng
Tinh ydu giiia Tu Hdi vdi Thuy Kieu cung
Id tinh giiia khdch ldng choi vd Id nft, tuy
nhidn cimg cd phdn giong vdi tinh ydu cua
Kim Trpng vd Thdy Kilu Thdy Kilu ciing dd
tmimg; Dudng dudng mdt ddng anh hdo/Con
quyin hon sOc, liegrc thao gom tdi Tinh yeu
ciia Thuy Kilu vdi Tft Hdi cung Id mft tinh
yeu bf t phdt khi cd hai dlu M "tiing set di
tinh " trong buli hfi ngf ddu tien: 77»*^ danh dua din idu hong/Hai ben cimg liie hai long citng ua Nhung tinh yeu ndy dlu sao ciing c^
it nhilu sy tinh todn, la Kilu mong ed ngirdi
d l dupc cgy nhd, nuong tya: Rgng thteong co
ngi hoa hen/Chut thdn beo bgt ddm phien mai sau
Nhu vfy, cd thd thdy, tilu md thftc tri nh|n
v l nguyen nhdn cua tinh edm YEU THU'ONG
cd thi phdt sinh do cdc nguydn nhdn khac nhau ho$e xen ling giiia cdc nguyen nhaa Trong dd, md thftc tri nhfn II tudng ve mot tinh ydu chan chinh, nguydn nhdn thuin tuy xiic edm ed vai trd ddc bift quan trpng vd ludn
dxKifc coi trpng Cd 15, \d the md trong ba m6i
tinh eiia Kieu, m l i tinh ciia Kilu vdi Kim Trpng Id moi tinh sdu dam, ddi lau vd tha thidt nhit
d Tiiu md thdc vi khd ndng Him sodt
Tinh edm YEU THU'ONG (;xdt tiong moi quan hf nam nft) cd till dan din nhiing hanh dpng mdt kiem sodt nhu muon gin gui hay s^ dfng chgm ve till xdc; m u l n au yIm, tinh tft, Tilu md thftc tri nhfn ndy eiing dd du^c
till hifn tuang d i i ro trong Tno^n Kiiu
Khi lira tinh dd bftng chdy trong Thfty KiSu
vd Kim Trpng, Nguyen Du ^ midu td canh Thdy Kieu den vdi Kim Trpng trong mft dem trdng (cd phin hai liiu lioh va hodn todn vucrt
ra ngodi khudn phdp cua l l gido phong kien);
Got sen thodn thodt dgo ngay mdi tudng lay Xdm xdm bdng ldi ncdn khuya m$t minh Dem
bdm iy, sau khi hai ngudi dd cung nhau thi thot vd sau khi ndng dgo ddn cho Kim Trpng nghe, Kim Trpng dd td ra khdng kiem che n6i
minh: Song tinh dudng dd xiiu xiiu/Xem trong
du yim cd chiiu Id loi, Kilu dd kip tiidi ngSn
d i ^ dupc cdi "sdng tinh " i y d l ddnh gjft dio^ nhau sy trinh nguydn qu;^ gjd: Dd cho vdo 6 #
bd kinh/Bgo tdng phu idy ehd trinh ldm ddu/Ra tudng trin bgc trong ddu/Thl con ii
Trang 5ngudi dy ai cdu ldm ehi Sau ndy, khi Kilu dd
sa vdo vdng ludn Ige, dd "sdng ldm vg khdp
ngudi ta" nhu Dgm Tien thud tiirdc, ndng
cung dd cd Iftc chpt tile nuli: NghT thdn din
bude Igc lodi/Nhf ddo thd be cho ngudi tinh
chung Khi xay dyng mli tinh giiia Thuy Kilu
vd Kim Trpng, Nguyin Du dudng nhu dd
muon gift cho tinh yeu ndy tiong sdng tuyft
doi tft dau drai cuoi Ndn du van cd nhftng &i
yira, tinh tft, nhftng dam me, khao khdt nhung
tinh ydu ndy dd khdng vupt ra khdi ^di ban
efta chft TRINH, tft liic mdi ban ddu hay sau
15 nam luu Igc efta Kilu
Khdc vdi Kim Trpng, vdi Tft Hdi vd ddc
bift la vdi Thuc smh, Nguyen Du Igi gdn tinh
yeu trong tieu md thftc tri nhan ve khd ndng
kilm sodt/mit kiem sodt lidn quan din tinh
dye Dd Id luc Thftc sinh dupc chiem ngudng
dung nhan ciia ngudi dpp trong cdnh: BuSng
the phdi budi thong chng/Ihanh lan ru bdc
truong hdng tdm hoa/Ro rdng trong nggc
trdng ngd/Dc^ ddy sdn diie mgt tda thien
nhien Tat nhien, vdi mft tdi ndng sft dyng
ngdn ngft bdc thiy, Nguyen Du khdng cin
phdi ndi ra tdt cd nhung ngudi dpc vln cd thi
hilu dupc bdm y cua dng Tu day, Thuc sinh
ngdy cdng bi Kilu ehinh phyc va muon liy
ndng ldm vp Mli tinh ciia Tft Hai vdi Kilu Igi
cdng dien ra mot each chdng vdnh Chi mdi trd
chuyen vai cau, sau khi dd y hpp tdm ddu, Tu
Hdi dd vf i lo chupe Thdy Kidu vd vd mong
sing chung vdi nhau: Ngd ldi noi vdi bdng
nhdn/Tiin trdm Igi cd nguyen ngdn phdt
hodn/BuSng riing sua chdn thanh nhdn/Ddt
giudng that bdo vfJy mdn bdt tiin
Nhu vfy, tilu md tiiftc tri nhfn ndy da dupe
thi hifn tucmg dii ro rdng, d nhiing mftc dp
khac nhau: Tmh edm YEU THU'ONG cd khd
ndng dan din nhiing hdnh dfng mdt kilm sodt
nhu muon gdn gui hay sy dfng chgm vl thi
xdc, muln du yIm, tinh tft vd cao nhat la quan
hf tinh dye, Tilu md tiiiic tii nhfn ndy ciing
cho tiidy, tix)ng tinh edm YEU THU'ONG, con
ngudi cd thi diing li tri dl ki&n sodt hdnh vi
nhung ciing cd khi khdng thi kilm sodt dupc hdnh vi cua minh
3 Mft so an diji f nifm vl tinh cam YEU THU'ONG trong Truyen Kiiu
3.1 Sdli^u thong ke
Khdo sdt cdc dn dy ^ nifm vl tinh cam
YEU THU'ONG qua cdc BTNN ti-ong Truyen Kieu da cho kit qud nhu sau:
Bdng L Kit qud khdo sdt in dy y nifm ve
tinh edm YfiU THU'ONG
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
An dv ^ nifm YEU THUONG LA MOT
V A T T H E YfiU THUONG LA M O A XUAN
YEU THUONG LA MOT CUOCHANHTRINH
Y £ U THUONG LA LUA
Y£U THUONG LA MA U}C
YfiJ THUONG LA CHAT
L 6 N G TRONG BAU C H C A YEU THUONG LA BAU CHLTA
Luvt
xakt hifn
46 (57,5%)
10 (12,5%) 7(8,8%) 6(7,5%) 4(5,0%)
4 (5,0%) 3(3,7%) Ting: 80 (100%)
(*Ghi chu: Trong bang khdo sat nay, con s6 thdng ke chi cdc BTNN co chua cdc dn du y ni^m)
3.2 Nhfn xet
Trong Truyen Kieu, xuat hi?n 7 an du y
ni|m vS tinh cam YEU THU'ONG C4c mien Nguon la V^T THfi, MIIA XUAN, CUOC
HANH TRINH, LCA, MA Lye, CHAT
L6NG TRONG BAU CHUA, BAU CHUA
da ^inh xa sang mi^n Dich Id tinh cSm YEU THUONG An dy ^ ni$m YftU THUONG
LA V A T THE CO lugrt xuat hi?n nhik nhat (46 luot chiem 57,5%) Tiep dSn 14 & du y nifm YEU THUONG L A MUA XUAN (10 lui;t, chifal 12,5%) An d\i y ni$m YEU THUONG LA BAU CHLTA C6 lui;it xu& Men
it nhit (3 lugt, chi^m 3,7%) Cv the; (i) YEU THUONG LA M O T V A T THE
Mo hinh nay dui^c NguySn Du sir dpng c6 tiin so Ion nhat trong tdc phim V6i mo hinh
in dv niy, Nguyin Du da gdn cdc thuOc tinh,
Trang 626 NGON N G C & B(n S 6 N G
Day Id sy tri nhdn mang tinh dfc ddo, sdng tgo
ciia Nguj^en Du bm mo hinh tri nhan ndy
khdng xuat hifn trong danh sdch cdc in dy ^
nifm pho qudt ciia nhdn logi vl tinh cam YEU
THUONG dupc G Lakoff & M Johnson,
Gibbs va Z Kovecsra thing kL An dy y nifm
ndy dupe the hifn qua BTNN tieu bilu, vi dy:
Mdi tinh ddi dogn vo ta/Giac huong quan
luSng Idn ma canh ddi
C6 tinh md cung tgi ta^u la edi phOc tinh
Id day oan
Ndo ngudi cu gio tudn mua/Mgt ngdy ndng
gdnh tuong tu mgt ngdy
(u) YEU THLTONG LA MUA XUAN
Ddy Id mo hinh tri nhfn cd tin sl Idn thft
hai trong Truyen Kiiu de ^ mf m h6a tinh edm
YfiU Trong mo hinh dn dy ndy, Nguyin Du
dd gdn cdc thudc tinh, d§c trung efta MtJA
XUAN cho tinh edm YEU THUONG Cung
nhu MUA XUAN, tinh edm YEU dem Igi sftc
sing phai phdi, niem vui vd hgnh phuc cho
nhiing ngudi dang yeu Ddy cung Id mft sy tri
nhfn mang tinh dfc ddo, sdng tao efta Nguyen
Du bdi mo lunh tri nhfn ndy ciing khSng xuit
hifn tiong danh sdch cdc an dy y nifm pho
qudt vl tinh edm YEU dupc G Lakoff & M
Johnson, Gibbs vd Z Kdvecses thing ke An
dy y rufm ndy dupc the hifn qua BTNN tieu
bilu, vf dy:
£)« diiu trung khiic dn edn/Ldng xudn phoi
phdi chen xudn tdng tdng
Vinh hoa bd luc phong trdn/Chu tinh ngdy
mdt them xudn mdt ngdy,
(iii) Y^U THUONG L A M O T CUOC
HANH TRINH
MO hinh nay Id md hinh tri nhfn mang
tinh pho qudt chung efta nhdn logi tren ca sd
cdc^ tiiuf c tinh vd tri tiiftc ve CUQC HAJJH
TRINH dupe dnh xa, ph6ng chieu cho tinh
edm Y 6 U THUONG; mft sl ddc tiung eua
CUOC HANH TRINH dupc gdn cho tinh
edm YEU THUONG cua con ngudi Trong
Truyen Kiiu, Nguyen Du nhfn thftc tinh edm
Y6U dya trSn y nifm vl cdc qud trinh tiong
dupe till hifn ti-ong cdc BTNN tifiu bilu, vi
Rdp mong treo dn tu qimn/Mm sons dl ldi mdy ngdn cUne pha/Ddn minh trong aBg||
can qua/Vdo sinh ra tu hoa Id thdy nhau m Qudn chi lin thdc xudm ehinh/CUne toa^
song thdc vdi tinh cho xong -'|j
(iy) YfiU THLTONG LA LLTA Ddy Id md hinh tri nhfn quan trpng ciia ca cfng dong vdn h6a phucmg Ddng va phuong Tdy dl y nifm hda tmh edm YfiU Cdc tiiufc tinh, d|c tnmg va tri thftc vl LLTA dupc dnh
xg, phdng chilu ISn cdc trgng thdi cua tinh
edm YEU THU'ONG Trong Truy$n Kiiu,
YfiU ciing da dupc tri nhfn dya trSn y nifm
vl cdc trgng thdi ciia LtTA Sy mdnh lift ciia tinh y6u dupc mieu td nhu mft ngpn Ifta dang
bimg chdy Sy tin tgi cua thih yfiu gilng nhu mft ngpn Ifta dang chdy, sy ra di cua linh ySu giong nhu vifc mft ngpn Ifta dang h\ dgp
tdt, An dy y nifm ndy dupc till hifn qua
BTNN nhu:
Trdeh long hd hdng vdi Idng/Lugjvmtg choc di Ignh lung bdy Idu
Ddn edm Idieo ngdn nga ddv/Lda hucmg biet cd hep nay nua thdi,
(v) YfiU THU'ONG LA M A Ll/C Day Id md hinh tri nhfn mang tinh pho
qudt eiia nhdn logi dl "^ nifm h6a tinh cam
YEU THUONG Trong til duy cua con ngu&i, thih edm YEU THLTONG dupc xem nhu mft ph^p mdu ki difu chi phii ngufid dai^ yeu, khiln hp khong cudng nii hay khd md tho^
ra dupc Trong 7>wvp« Kiiu, Nguyin Du cOngf
nhfn tiiftc tinh edm YEU THU'ONG nhu tV mpt ph^p mdu nhifm, nhu mpt thft ma lye mS ho^ ngudi dang y6u An dy y nifm ndy dupc till hifn qua BTNN tiSu bilu:
Sinh cdng mot tinh mudi me/Ngdy xudn ldm lae di vi vdi xudn
Thdn thd luc tinh liie mi/Mdu theo nude mdt hdn lia chiim bao,
(vi) Yfiu THLTONG L A CHAT LONG
Trang 7NGON NGt* & Bin S 6 N G
Ddy Id md hinh tii nhfn mang tinh phi
qudt ciia nhan loai dl y nifm hda tinh cam
YEU THU'ONG Trong tu duy chung cua con
ngudi, tinh cam YEU THU'ONG cung giong
nhu cdc tinh cam khdc dupe xem nhu mft thft
chit long trong bdu chfta co till Trong
Tn^$n Kiiu, tinh edm YEU THU'ONG cung
dupc coi nhu Id mft thft chit ldng trong bdu
chfta ca the con ngudi An dy y nifm ndy
dupc the hifn qua BTNN tieu bilu:
Sdng tinh dudng dd xiiu xiiu/Xem trong
du yim co chiiu Id loi
Tinh xua lai ldng khdn hdn/Thong dong
Igi hoi ngdn dem ngdy xua,
(vii) YEU THLTCiNG LA B A U CHLTA
Day cung Id md hinh tri nhgn mang tinh
phi qudt cua nhdn logi dl f nifm h6a tinh
edm YfiU THU'ONG TTnh edm ndy duac
xem nhu mft bdu chiia dl nhiing ngudi ySu
nhau CO thi "roi" vao dd Trong Truyin Kiiu,
Nguyin Du cung nhfn thftc linh cam YEU
THLTCJNG nhu la mft bdu chfta An dy ^
nifm nay dupc the hifn qua BTNN ti6u bilu:
Bd nguyen hai cha dong tdm/Trdm ndm
thi chdng dm edm thuvin ai
Ve chi chut phgn b^o mdy/Ldm cho bi di
khi (?ay khi voi
2.3 Phdn tich trudng h^
YEU THLTONG: YEU THUONG L A
MOTVATTHfi
An dy y nifm ndy dupc Nguyin Du sft
dyng nhieu ban cd trong cdch tri nhdn cua
minh de y nifm hda tinh cam YEU
THLTONG An dy y nifm ndy thufc loai in
dy bdn till Chinh kinh nghif m ciia eon ngudi
ve cdc vat thi Id ca sd dl tao ra in dy bdn thi
Trong loai in dy ndy, con ngudi thudng coi
cdc y niem vd hinh, triiu tupng, ma hi nhu
trang tiidi, sy kifn, boat <!^ng tdm If, tinh edm,
tu tudnp Id nhiing thyc the hChi hinh, trftu
tupng An du bdn thi giup chiing ta hilu rd
han cdc y nifm triiu tupng
Trong md hinh ndy, cdc thufc tinh, ddc
tnmg ciia VAT T H 6 dupc gdn cho tinh cam
tinh dfc ddo, sdng tao efta Nguyin Du bdi m6 hinh tri nhgn ndy khdng thiy xuit hifn trong danh sdch cdc in du;? nifm pho qudt ciia nhdn logi vl tinh cam Y 6 U THUCJNG
VAT T H 6 tiong mo hhih tii nhdn Nguon cua in dy y nifm YfiU THUONG LA M Q T VAT T H £ dupc Nguyen Du nhdn tiiftc rit cy till: YEU THU'ONG L A SOI TO VLJ"6NG VIT, YfiU THLTONG LA SOI D A Y RANG
BUQC Nghia goc cua soi to la chi thft spi do con tdm nhd ra ma thdnh (to tdm) hay chi spi chi manh (to mdnh) Tft y nghia ndy, S0 to dupc y nifm gdn vdi to duyin (Ta duvJn cdn vudng moi ndy chua xong), long ta (Ddu thay mdi tdc ddm rdi long td), to ldng (Ddu lia ngd
y cdn vuong to ldng) ta tinh (Ta tinh dut rugt Ida phiin chdy gan) Theo quan nifm cua
phuang D6ng, nam nii yeu nhau va lay dupc nhau Id nhd cd dng To, bd Nguyft (diln tieh
Nguyet Ido xe to) Trong Truy?n Kiiu,
Nguyen Du cung nhdc din tIeh ndy th6ng qua
BTNN: Trong mdn ldm li to hdng ket duyin hay Lheyin ddu ai diet to ddo hodc Ndi chi kit tdc xe to Tft nhiing cdch dftng cdc BTNN nay, co thi thiy tdc gid Truyin Kiiu da gan sai to vdi y nifm ve thih edm YfiU Tinh yeu
d trong ldng dupc vi nhu mft spi ta, vfy ndn khi to long da dftt tiic Id tinh yeu ciing mat Tft y nifm ndy, Nguyen Du nhdn thftc YEU THUONG nhu la mft VAT THfi nen c6 till
vudng (ta duyen cdn viedng), c6 the vuang (vuong to), cd till gd (gd mdi ta mdnh), Ve
f nifm ndy, nhd tha Xudn Difu e6 Idn da bmh
ring vifc Kim - Kilu phdi chia cdch nhu cdi ngd sen b; b6 ddi, nhung d giua hai doan van eon cd nhftng spi ta 16ng cda ngd sen niu lay mdi thdi 6ng dd danh gia ddy Id mft hinh dnh
rit A D6ng, ring tac gid Truyen Kiiu dd chpn
hinh tupng rdt gidi, dut md van noi, xa nhau van ySu nhau, cdng bj ddi chia rg tr^ tim cdng nfu liy nhau
Trong m6 hinh an dy ;y nifm ndy, cac tiiufc tinh, d|c himg cua VAT THfi (gilng
nhu sgi c^y) dupc gdn cho mien Dfch Id tinh edm YEU THU'ONG Tft mft <j nifm tiim