Ebook English for nursing and health care: Part 1

Robin A.. W e hope th at this book will be helpful in preparing d edicated young people for th eir future professional career in o th er schools as well as at th e C la[r]

Robin A Bradley

English for Nursing ana

Health Care

A course in general and professional English

C a o D an g Y te Phu TI iq - T lur v i?n

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E N G L ISH FO R N U R S IN G A N D H EA LTH C A R E

A course in general and professional English

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ENGLISH FOR NURSING AND HEALTH CARE

in general and professional

English

Robin A Bradley

C artoon Illustrations by Claudio Be:

A udio C D Included

Me Graw Hill

Singapore • Boston • Burr Ridge, IL • Dubuque IA • Madison Wl • New York • San Francisco

St Louis • Bangkok • Kuala Lumpur • Lisbon • London • Madrid • Mexico City

The McGraw-Hill Companies

E n g lish f o r N u r s in g a n d H e a lth C a r e :

A C o u r s e in G e n e r a l a n d P r o fe s s io n a l E n g lish

I n t e r n a t i o n a l E d itio n 2008

McGraw-Hill

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P u b lish ed by The M cG raw -H ill C o m p an ies, S.r.l P u b lish in g G ro u p Italia, V ia R ip am o n ti, 8 9 - 2 0 1 3 9 M ilan o t 2004

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C o v er im ag es © iS to ck p h o to co m

10 09 08 07 0 6 05

20 15 14 13 12 11 10

W hen o rd e rin g this title, use ISBN 978-007-126603-1 o r M H ID 007-126603-8

Me

Graw

Hill

CO N TENTS

UNIT 1 ENGLISH, THE HOSPITAL AND THE PEOPLE

- A - W H Y IS E N G L IS H IN C L U D ED IN T H E N U R S IN G SY LL A B U S’ 2

- B - IN T R O D U C IN G YO U RSELF A N D H O S PIT A L STAFF 5

D ifferent countries, n a tio n a litie s and languages 8

- C - H O S PIT A L PE R S O N N E L - H EA LTH C A R E W O R K E R S 12

In tro d u c tio n to m edical term inology (1) 14

- D - W A R D S A N D D E PA R T M E N T S IN A H O SP IT A L 15

G R A M M A R N O T E S - P rep o sitio n s (1) 1 6

- E - T H E PR E S E N T SIM PLE TEN SE ( 1 ) 22

T H E P R E S E N T C O N T IN U O U S TEN SE 26

ts - F - T H E A N A T O M IC A L P O S IT IO N A N D BODY PA RTS

A djectives and th eir opposites

C ollo q u ial language using parts o f th e body

Expression and word li'-t 1E/F

- G - T O IL ET R IES

C lo th e s and accessories

- H - M A C H IN E S , IN S T R U M E N T S A N D O T H E R G A IX '.E T S

Instrum ents and o th e r things used for physical ex am in atio n s

Expression and word li't 1G/H

- I - DAYS O F T H E W EEK M O N T H S A N D S E A S O N S

M o n th s o f the year

Seasons

O rd in al num bers

Dates

G R A M M A R N O T E S - P rep o sitio n s (2)

- I - SH IFT W O R K ER S, TIM E A N D N U M B E R S

G e ttin g to w ork (or doing a procedure) - How long does it take?

Verbalising num bers

- K - DAILY R O U T IN E S - H A B IT S IPR ESEN T SIM PLE TEN SE (2)1

Exam ple of th e ro u tin e m o rn in g shift in a surgical ward

Profile o f a nurse

- L - A C T IV IT IE S O F DAILY LIV IN G (A D Ls)

R evision o f verbs

C O N D IT IO N A L S f l F ' S E N T E N C E D

- M - T A K IN G RISKS

It’s b e tte r to be safe th a n sorry!

G R A M M A R N O T E S - V erb p a tte rn s

W h y take th e risk? You know th e dam age and disease th a t sm oking causes

G R A M M A R N O T E S - 'sh o u ld ' o r 's h o u ld n ’t'

\ HEA LTH A N D DISEA SE

S hapes

T h e physiology of physical h e a lth

To be or n o t to be? - H ealthy, th a t is!

29 31 33 34

35 36

41 42 43

45 45 45 46 46 46

48 49 49

52 54 56

58 60 63

66 66

67

6 S 69

“ ■>

i V.

“ II_

74 76

VI

O B SERV A TIO N

Signs and sym ptom s

- P - M ED IC A L T E R M IN O L O G Y (3) 81

M edical term inology - Pu ttin g th e building blocks to g eth er 82

M edical term inology (4) W h a t’s w rong w ith me? 84

A djectives th a t are used to describe p ain 87

- R - T H E PR ESEN T PER FEC T T EN SE ( 1 ) 93

UNIT 2 THE PATIENT AND THE WARD

- A - T1 IE PA TIE N T A S A N IN D IV ID U A L 98

- B - A D M IS S IO N A N D PA TIEN T A S S E SS M E N T 100

G R A M M A R N O T E S - w ill’ a n d ‘w o n ’t ’ 102

- D - PRESSU R E A R E A S A N D PR ESSU R E SO R ES 106

M aking th e bed o f an unconscious or bedfast p a tie n t 109

T H E PR E SEN T PERFECT (2) A N D O T H E R PE R FEC T T E N SE S 110

- F - T H E W A R D A N D T H E R O O M S 112

G R A M M A R N O T E S - C o n ju n c tio n s 11 3

G PI \N N 1 N G FOR D IS C H A R G E

Expression and word list

120

12 2

UNIT 3 THE HUMAN BODY Inside and Out

- B - T H E S T R U C T U R E A N D F U N C T IO N O F BODY SYSTEM S 1 2 6

G R A M M A R NOTES - Talking about structure 1 2 9

- F - M O V E M E N T P O S T U R E A N D L IFT IN G 142

Predisposing factors in th e occurrence o f disease 1 4 6

S terilisation, d isinfection and antisepsis 1 4 8

Playing w ith words - M ore idiom s using th e nam es of body parts 151

UNIT 4 DIET AND NUTRITION

G u id elin es tor a h e a lth ie r daily diet 15S

15 ^

- C - Q U A N T IF IE R S 159

Spot th e difference - Is/Are th ere any left? 160

- D - W E IG H T ST A T U S - T H E BODY M A SS INDEX 162

G R A M M A R N O T E S - -ing clauses as c o n ju n c tio n 182

APPENDICES

- 5 - P E R IO D IC TABLE O F T H E ELEM EN TS 243

Several years ago, as a response to th e recen t changes in ed u catio n for trainee nurses and students

o f o th e r h e a lth care professions in Italy, th e su b je ct of S c ien tific E nglish was in tro d u c ed

C onsequently, th e nursing school at the C lau d ian a C ollege in Bolzano/Bozen (w hich is affiliated

w ith th e Faculty of M edicine at th e U niversity of V erona) was required to include a 50-hour English course in th e nursing syllabus

W h en it becam e ap p aren t th a t th ere was very little m aterial available tor teach in g English to students of h e alth care professions, we launched a project to create an English course w ith c o n te n ts

th a t would be o f use to ou r stu d en ts in th e ir future w orking fields In c o llab o ratio n w ith R obin Bradley, a specialised h e a lth care professional herself, and a local school o f English in Bolzano/Bozen,

m aterial for a m odule system was com piled and th e n introduced in to th e nursing curriculum R obin Bradley, who has b een doing Scientific English courses for all th e h e alth professionals at our school for m ore th a n 15 years, arranged for 10 d ifferen t E nglish tea ch e rs (w ith o u t any p rio r m edical know ledge) to use th e m odules she had prepared T hese m odules h av e now been used to teach Scientific English to m ore th a n 650 nursing stu d en ts over a 4-year period D uring th is tim e, c o n sta n t feedback from th e stu d en ts and th e teachers has allow ed Ms Bradley to co n tin u ally im prove th e

m aterial T h e m odules have now been com pletely revised and h av e becom e th e sections o f this book

S ince research and science will becom e ev en m ore im p o rtan t to th e nursing profession in the future, greater em phasis will have to be placed o n English related to th e nurses’ training W e hope

th at this book will be helpful in preparing d edicated young people for th eir future professional career

in o th er schools as well as at th e C laudiana

Dr m ed Lukas L o ch n er Dr med W ern er W allnofer (Scientific T u to r) (C ourse D irecto r - N ursing)

C L A U D IA N A - P ro v in cial T e rtia n T rain in g C o lleg e for H e a lth C a re Professions, B o l:an o /B o :en , Italy

XI

A B O U T TH E A U TH O R

H aving done my general nursing train in g at th e Royal N o rth S hore H ospital in Sydney, A ustralia,

and th e n midwifery at the Royal W o m en ’s H ospital in association w ith th e M elbourne U niversity,

I had m ore th a n 20 years’ experience working in different m edically-related en v iro n m en ts - general

and private hospitals, nursing hom es and a m edical laboratory - before com ing to Italy to live My

nursing train in g was en tirely carried out at th e hospital at th a t tim e - it was a 4-year course follow ed

by a n o th e r year to specialise in midwifery W e worked ‘broken shifts’ and atte n d ed lectures in our

tim e off! - living in th e nurses’ quarters at th e hosp ital m ade this possible

1 started teach in g general English at English schools in S o u th Tyrol and m edical and scientific

English to h e a lth care professionals at th e local h ospital in Bolzano/Bozen in Italy in 1989 I am

proud of th e m any stu d en ts w ho h av e follow ed a m edically-related career and are now successfully

and happily em ployed in th eir chosen field I have co n tin u e d to learn from my stu d en ts and th an k s

to them , my family, my colleagues and friends, and th e librarians and staff at th e C lau d ian a C ollege,

this book, th e recordings for th e listening exercises and a teach ers’ m anual h av e becom e a reality

It has been a challenge from th e b eginning and after 4 years, 1 feel 1 have produced an interestin g

and co m prehensive course for nurses w ho w an t to im prove th e ir English language skills b o th in

social situations and at work

A ll m edically-related professions have becom e m ore specialised over th e years and m eth o d s and

eq u ip m en t used for teach in g and w orking h av e chan g ed dram atically in th e last few decades T h e

priority in all areas was and still is, th e w ell-being o f th e p atien ts in our care W e must all take tim e

to discover th e person b eh in d th e p a tie n t and to develop a positive rapport w'ith each and every

one A ll hu m an s are individuals w ith specific needs Illness, disability or disease puts any person at

a disadvantage H o sp italisatio n can be an in tim id atin g and frightening experience and it is im p o rtan t

th a t all staff personalise th e ir a tte n tio n to p a tie n ts to ensure the best possible outcom e B eing well-

inform ed and w ell-prepared for all situations bring m ultiple benefits to all concerned

R obin Bradley

SN (D ouble C e rt.) TO EFL (C am bridge)

XIII

ENGLISH THE HOSPITAL AND THE PEOPLE

W HY IS ENGLISH INC LU DED

IN TH E NURSING SYLLABUS?

L istening 1 - An in tr o d u c tio n to a n u rs in g c a r e e r R ead th e tex t a n d lis te n to the

recording

N u rs in g is a profession w hich

in v o lv es c arin g an d sh arin g

w ith people from all w alks of

life

C a re an d e m p a th y are

illustrated, hy each one o f us,

th ro u g h c o m m u n ic a tio n and

actions

A good basic e d u ca tio n and

professional nursing training are

tools for an exciting, interesting

and rewarding career

English can widen your horizons

trem endously, h elp to deepen

your scientific know ledge and

create m any o th er work-related

opportunities:

♦ In tern a tio n a lly M ost scientific conferences and congresses

are now h e ld in E nglish an d v isitin g lecturers, colleagues and tu to rs o ften prefer

to use English

♦ W o rk E x p erien ce T h e re is a d e m a n d for nurses in every

c o u n try in th e w orld N urses c a n gain

v aluable e x p erien c e by w orking overseas

an d also o b ta in h ig h e r q u a lific a tio n s in specialised fields

A id -w o rk ers are req u ire d in w ar-to rn

co u n tries an d areas o f n atu ral disasters

W ork is a v ailab le for n u rses in to u rist resorts and h e alth care clinics and ev en on cruise ships!

♦ E d u ca tio n Surfing th e In te rn e t for in fo rm a tio n and

research updates

U sin g A m e ric a n an d E n g lish m ed ical,

n u rsin g an d sc ien tific jo u rn a ls - w h ic h often take m o n th s to be tran slated

E nglish d o c u m e n ta rie s a n d scien ce program m es o n satellite TV

♦ M an u als In stru ctio n m anuals for various m achines

and in stru m en ts are frequently w ritte n in English

♦ P a tie n t C are P a tie n ts w ho c a n n o t c o m m u n ic a te th e ir

n eed s to h o sp ita l staff are at a d i 'ti n c t

d isadvantage and very o ften h av e a 'lo w e r recovery rate

T a iie n ts mav p re se n t case h is to rie s r

m ed icatio n d etails in English

T h e serv ices offered by all pro fessio n s are im p ro v ed w h e n its

m em bers are w illing to w ork to g e th e r to h e lp e a c h o th e r tnd

w hen they share th eir individual know ledge T h e a m o u n t t -tudv and th e d e p th of know ledge required tor h e a lth care p ro te c t n»

is steadily increasing and all h e a lth care professionals are K -.ng

Because p a tie n t care depends o n th e holistic approach - and th a t just m eans trea tin g each person as a w hole,

n o t as ‘th e appendix in R oom 2 !’ - we m ust look at each p a tie n t as an individual w ith specific needs

W e h a v e to co n sid er th e ir d iffere n t so cial an d

c u ltu ra l b ack g ro u n d s, d iffe re n t relig io n s and

d iffere n t p e rso n alitie s W ith th e c o lle c tio n and

d istrib u tio n of in fo rm atio n from th e various fields

o f m edicine, nursing, physical and social sciences

an d allied h e a lth care serv ices, th e serv ices available to th e p a tie n t are becom ing m ore

so p h is tic a te d an d sp ecialised B e tte r

e d u catio n , m ore scientific know ledge and faster c o m m u n ic a tio n are c o n tin u a lly

im p ro v in g an d u pgrading h e a lth care

A great deal o f progress has been m ade

in surgical, e n d o sc o p ic , so n o g ra p h ic,

ra d io g ra p h ic , laser an d c o m p u te r tech n iq u es, reducing b o th th e tim e and

c o st o f surgery an d tre a tm e n t to th e

g e n era l pu b lic T h e speed a t w h ic h

in fo rm atio n c an now be tran sm itted enables all h e a lth care w orkers to h a v e e n d less resources at th e ir fingertips and gives everyone

th e o p p o rtu n ity to stay abreast of (or keep up

w ith ) new tren d s and treatm en ts

T h e purpose o f th is book is to give all those people

w orking in h e a lth care systems enough useful English language to read professional literature, to do research and to co m m u n icate successfully in English in th eir everyday lives Basic gram m ar exercises, reading practice an d dialogues use re le v an t vocabulary - and th ere are exercises to help you increase your know ledge o f m edical term inology too

To help you le a rn th e follow ing expressions, th ey are listed in a lp h a b etica l order in groups of

n o u n s ( n ) , a d jectives (a d j.) a n d verbs (v ) A ll o f th e w ords in th is list are n o u n s A n o u n follow ed by ( n ) is a c o u n tab le n o u n a n d has a p lu ra l fo rm a n d those th a t are u n c o u n ta b le (n

u n c o u n ta b le ) do n o t have a p lu ra l fo rm a n d use verbs in th e sin g u la r form only.

aid [eidl (n uncountable) Money, eq u ip m en t or

services th a t are provided for people or

countries who need it

an a id -w o rk e r leid w3:ke] (n ) A person,

usually working for a charity organisation,

who offers his/her services in other countries

c a re Ikeo] (n uncountable) Looking after somebody

or som ething and keeping them in a good

h e alth care [hei9 kes] (n uncountable) A ll the areas related to m edicine and the atten tio n to individual well-being,

p a tie n t IpeiJ'ant] care (n uncountable) A ll areas involved - m ental, physical and psychological - in looking after a patient,

c a r e e r [k.Vris] In ) T h e job or profession th a t someone does for a long period ot their life