Tổng hợp tất tần tật các cấu trúc viết lại câu tương đương trong tiếng anh ở mức độ cơ bản và nâng cao, Tài liệu hướng dẫn các bạn về các trường hợp viết lại câu trong tiếng Anh và hơn 100 cấu trúc viết lại câu trong tiếng Anh thông dụng, cơ bản và nâng cao với các dạng đảo từ chủ động chuyển sang bị động, đảo từ trực tiếp chuyển sang gián tiếp, một số đặc tính của đảo ngữ.
Trang 1TỔNG HỢP CÁC CẤU TRÚC VIẾT LẠI CÂU CƠ BẢN VÀ NÂNG
CAO TRONG TIẾNG ANH
I Các trường hợp viết lại câu trong tiếng Anh
Dùng 1 cấu trúc nào đó trong Tiếng Anh
Dùng dạng khác của từ
Chuyển từ chủ động sang bị động
Chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
Các trường hợp về đảo ngữ…
II Chú ý quan trọng khi viết lại câu tiếng Anh
Chú ý về thì: câu được viết lại phải cùng thì với câu đã cho.
Chú ý về ngữ pháp: câu được viết lại phải đúng về ngữ pháp.
Chú ý về nghĩa của câu sau khi viết phải không đổi so với câu ban đầu.
III Phương pháp học dạng bài này
Phương pháp: sưu tập và làm càng nhiều mẫu câu càng tốt, sau đó đọc đi đọc lại nhiều lần cho thuộc lòng các cấu trúc.
Để hoàn thành 5 câu hỏi này trong một thời gian ngắn, học sinh nên theo 4 bước sau: Bước 1: Đọc kỹ câu cho trước và cố gắng hiểu trọn vẹn ý của câu đó Chú ý đến những
từ khóa, S&V, và cấu trúc được sử dụng ở câu gốc.
Bước 2: Chú ý những từ cho trước Đưa ra ý tưởng viết lại câu sử dụng cách khác, cấu trúc khác mà vẫn giữ được ý nguyên vẹn của câu cho trước.
Bước 3: Viết câu mới Chú ý đến: Chủ ngữ và động từ mới, thì của câu mới, chú ý sự thay đổi của các cụm từ tương ứng (như although- despite, adj-adv, if- unless )
Bước 4: Đọc và kiểm tra lỗi, có thêm chỉnh sửa nếu cần.
Một số dạng cấu trúc viết lại câu phổ biến và cơ bản nhất cần nắm như sau:
1.It takes sb khoảng thời gian to do sth= sb spend khoảng thời gian doing sth
VD: it took her 3 hours to get to the city centre.= she spent 3 hours getting to the city
centre.
2 Understand = tobe aware of
VD: do you understand the grammar structure?= are you aware of the grammar
structure?
3 Like = tobe interested in = enjoy = keen on
VD: she likes politics = she is interested in politics
4.Because + clause = because of + N
VD: he can’t move because his leg was broken= he can’t move because of his broken leg Một số dạng bài cơ bản
5 Although + clause = despite + N = in spite of + N
Trang 2VD: although she is old, she can compute very fast= Despite / In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast
6.Succeed in doing sth = manage to do sth
VD: we succeeded in digging the Panama cannel= we managed to dig the Panama
cannel
Các mẫu câu thường gặp
7 Cấu trúc : … too + adj (for sb) to do sth : quá để làm gì
VD: my father is too old to driveso + adj + that Clause = it is such a/ an N that: quá đến nỗi mà
VD: she is so beautiful that everybody loves her.= it is such a beautiful girl that
everybody loves her.Adj/ Adv + enough (for sb) to do sth: đủ để làm gì
VD: This car is enough safe for him to drive
VD: The policeman ran quickly enough to catch the robberMột số dạng bài cơ bản
8.Cấu trúc : prefer sb to do sth = would rather sb Vpast sth: thích, muốn ai làm gì
VD: I’prefer you (not) to smoke here I’d rather you (not) smoked here
9.Prefer doing sth to doing sth : thích làm gì hơn làm gì
Would rather do sth than do sth
VD: She prefers staying at home to going out
She’d rather stay at home than go out
10 Can = tobe able to = tobe possible
11 Harly + had +S + Vpp when S + Vpast: ngay sau khi thi…
No sooner + had +S + Vpp than S + Vpast
VD: As soon as I left the house, he appeared
Harly had I left the house when he appeared
No sooner had I left the house than he appeared
12.Not……… any more : không còn nữa
No longer + dạng đảo ngữ S no more V
VD: I don’t live in the courtryside anymore
No longer do I live in the coutrysideI no more live in the coutryside
13 At no time + dạng đảo ngữ : không khi nào, chẳng khi nào
VD: I don’t think she loves me
At no time do I think she loves me
14 Tobe not worth = there is no point in doing sth : không đáng làm gì
Các dạng thường gặp
15 Tobe not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth : không đáng, vô ích làm gì
Trang 3VD:It’s not worth making him get up early
There is no point in making him getting early
16 It seems that = it appears that = it is likely that =it look as if/ as though: dường như rằng
VD: It seems that he will come late= it appears that / it is likely he will come late
= he is likely to come late.
it look as if he will come late
Các dạng câu thường gặp
17 Although + clause = Despite + Nound/gerund
18 S + V + N = S + be + adj
19 S + be + adj = S + V + O
20 S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + be used to +Ving /N
21 S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving /N
-> Nana often cried when she meets with difficulties.Nana is used to crying when she meets with difficulties
22 This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+be + not used to + Ving/N
-> This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie.I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie.
23 S + would prefer = S + would rather S + Past subjunctive (lối cầu khẩn)
24 S + like sth/doing sth better than sth/doing sth = S + would rather + V + than +
V = S + prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing sth
-> I prefer going shoping to playing volleyball.I would rather go shoping than play volleyball.
26 S + V + O = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V
27 It’s one’s duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth
28 S + be + PII + to + V = S + be + supposed to do sth
29 Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + be + PII
30 Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + do sth
31 S + like sth = S + be + fond of + sth
-> I like do collecting stamps.I'm fond of collecting stamps.
Trang 432 I + let + O + do sth = S + allow + S.O + to do Sth
-> My boss let him be on leave for wedding.My boss allow him to be on leave for wedding.
33 S + once + past verb = S + would to + do sth.
34 S + present verb (negative) any more = S + would to + do sth.
35 S + V + because + S + V = S + V + to + infinitive
-> She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination.She studies hard to pass the final examination.
36 S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V = S + V + to + infinitive
38 To infinitive or gerund + be + adj = It + be + adj + to + V
39 S + V + and + S + V = S + V + both and
40 S + V + not only + but also = S + V + both and
41 S + V + both and = S + V + not only but also
-> He translated fast and correctly.He translated not only fast but also correctly.
44 S1+simple present+and+S2+simple futher =If+S1 + simple present + S2 + simple futher.
45 S1+didn’t + V1 + Because + S2 + didn’t + V2 = If Clause
46 Various facts given = Mệnh đề if thể hiện điều trái ngược thực tế.
47 S1 + V1 + if + S2 + V2(phủ định)= S1 + V1 + Unless + S2 + V2 (khẳng định)
48 S + V + O = S + be + noun + when + adj clause.
49 S + V + O = S + be + noun + where + adj clause.
50 S + V + O = S + be + noun + whom + adj clause.
51 S + V + O = S + be + noun + which + adj clause.
52 S + V + O = S + be + noun + that + adj clause.
56 S + V + if + S + V (phu dinh) = S + V + unless + S + V (khang dinh)
Trang 557 S + be + scared of sth = S + be + afraid of + sth
58 Let’s + V = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
59 In my opinion = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
(quan điểm của tôi)
60 S + advise = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
61 Why don’t you do sth? = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
62 S + get + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth
-> She gets him to spend more time with her.She have him spend more time with her.
63 S + aks + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth
-> Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room.Police have him identify the other man in the next room.
64 S + request + sb + to do sth= S + have + sb + do sth
-> The teacher request students to learn by heart this poem.The teacher have students laern by heart this poem.
65 S + want + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth
-> I want her to lend meI have her lend me.
66 S + V + no + N = S + be + N-less
-> She always speaks no care She is always careless about her words.
67 S + be + adj + that + S + V = S + be + adj + to + V
-> Study is necessary that you will get a good life in the future.Study is necessary to get
a good life in the future.
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68 S + be + adj + prep = S + V + adv
Eg: My students are very good at Mathematics.-> My students study Mathematics well.
69 S + remember + to do Sth = S + don’t forget + to do Sth
-> I remember to have a Maths test tomorrowI don't forget to have a Maths test
tomorrow.
70 It + be + adj = What + a + adj + N!
-> It was an interesting film.What an interesting film.
71 S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be -> She washes clothes quicklyHow quick she
is to wash clothes.
Trang 672 S + be + ing-adj = S + be +ed-adj
73 S + V = S + be + ed-adj
71 S + V + Khoảng thời gian = It + take + (sb) + Khoảng thời gian + to + V
She have learned English for 5 years.-> It take her 5 year to learn English.
75 S + be + too + adj + (for s.o) + to + V = S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t + V
-> The water is too hot for Peter to drink.The water is so hot that Peter can't drink
76 S + V + too + adv + to + V = S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V
77 S + be + so + adj + that + S + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V
78 S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V
79 S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V
-> He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything.He does not speak soft
80 Because + clause = Because of + noun/gerund
Tiếp tục bổ sung một số cấu trúc câu viết lại 1:
Because she is absent her from school -> Because of her absence from school 16 Although + clause = In spite of + Nound/gerund
1 to prefer doing sth to doing sth = would rather do sth than do sth = S + like sth/doing sth
better than sth/doing sth: thích làm gì hơn làm gì
2 to look at (v)= to have a look at (n): nhìn vào
3 to think about = to give thought to : nghĩ về
4 it’s one’s duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth: có nghĩa vụ làm gì
5 to be determined to= to have a determination to : dự định
6 to know (about) = to have knowledge of: biết
7 to be not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth : không đáng, vô ích làm gì
8 to tend to = to have a tendency to : có khuynh hướng
9 to intend to +inf = to have intention of + V_ing : dự định
10 to desire to = have a desire to : khao khát, mong muốn
11 to succeed in doing sth = manage to do sth: làm việc gì thành công
12 to wish = to have a wish / to express a wish : ao ước
13 to visit Sb = to pay a visit to Sb / to pay Sb a visit : thăm viếng
14 to discuss Sth = to have a discussion about : thảo luận
15 can = tobe able to = to be possible: có thể làm gì
16 to decide to = to make a decision to : quyết định
17 to talk to = to have a talk with : nói chuyện
18 understand = to be aware of: hiểu, nhận thức
19 to explain Sth = to give an explanation for : giải thích
20 to call Sb = to give Sb a call : gọi điện cho…
21 to be interested in = to have interest in : thích
Trang 722 because + clause = because of + N: bởi vì
23 to drink = to have a drink : uống
24 it seems that = it appears that = it is likely that = it look as if/ as though: dường như, có vẻ
như
25 to photograph = to have a photograph of : chụp hình
26 to cry = to give a cry : khóc kêu
27 to laugh at = to give a laugh at : cười nhạo
28 like = to be interested in = enjoy = keen on = fond of sth: yêu thích cái gì
29 to welcome Sb = to give Sb a welcome : chào đón
30 to kiss Sb = to give Sb a kiss : hôn
31 S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving /N = S + be accustomed to + Ving: thường/quen với
làm gì
32 to ring Sb = to give Sb a ring : gọi điện
33 to warn = to give warning : báo động, cảnh báo
34 although + clause = despite + N = in spite of + N: mặc dù, bất chấp
35 to try to (+inf) = to make an effort to/ to make an attempt to : cố gắng
36 to meet Sb = to have a meeting with Sb : gặp ai
Tiếp tục bổ sung một số cấu trúc câu viết lại 2:
1 It takes sb khoảng thời gian to do sth= sb spend khoảng thời gian doing sth
VD: It took her 3 hours to get to the city centre
= She spent 3 hours getting to the city centre
2 Understand = tobe aware of
VD: Do you understand the grammar structure?
= Are you aware of the grammar structure?
3 Like = tobe interested in = enjoy = keen on
VD: She likes politics
= She is interested in politics
4 Because + clause = because of + N
VD: He can’t move because his leg was broken
= He can’t move because of his broken leg
5 Although + clause = despite + N = in spite of + N
VD: Although she is old, she can compute very fast
= Despite/ In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast
6 Succeed in doing sth = manage to do sth
VD: We succeeded in digging the Panama cannel
= We managed to dig the Panama cannel
Trang 87 Cấu trúc: … too + adj (for sb) to do sth: quá để làm gì
VD: My father is too old to drive
= It is such a/ an N that: quá đến nỗi mà
VD: She is so beautiful that everybody loves her
= It is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her
Adj/ Adv + enough (for sb) to do sth: đủ để làm gì
VD: This car is safe enough for him to drive
VD: The policeman ran quickly enough to catch the robber
8 Cấu trúc: prefer sb to do sth = would rather sb Vpast sth: thích, muốn ai làm gì
VD: I’prefer you (not) to smoke here
= I’d rather you (not) smoked here
9 Prefer doing sth to doing sth: thích làm gì hơn làm gì
Would rather do sth than do sth
VD: She prefers staying at home to going out
= She’d rather stay at home than go out
10 Can = tobe able to = tobe possible
11 Harly + had +S + Vpp when S + Vpast: ngay sau khi thì…
No sooner + had +S + Vpp than S + Vpast
VD: As soon as I left the house, he appeared
= Harly had I left the house when he appeared
= No sooner had I left the house than he appeared
12 Not……… any more: không còn nữa
No longer + dạng đảo ngữ S no more V
VD: I don’t live in the courtryside anymore
= No longer do I live in the coutryside
= I no more live in the coutryside
13 At no time + dạng đảo ngữ: không khi nào, chẳng khi nào
VD: I don’t think she loves me
= At no time do I think she loves me
Trang 914 Tobe not worth = there is no point in doing sth: không đáng làm gì
15 Tobe not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth: không đáng, vô ích làm gì
VD: It’s not worth making him get up early
= There is no point in making him getting early
16 It seems that = it appears that = it is likely that =it look as if/
as though: dường như rằng VD: It seems that he will come late
= It appears that/ it is likely he will come late
= He is likely to come late
= It look as if he will come late
17 Although + clause = Despite + Nound/ gerund
18 S + V + N = S + be + adj
19 S + be + adj = S + V + O
20 S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + be used to +Ving/ N
21 S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving/ N
VD: Nana often cried when she meets with difficulties
= Nana is used to crying when she meets with difficulties
22 This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+be + not used to + Ving/ N
VD: This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie
= I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie
23 S + would prefer = S + would rather S + Past subjunctive (lối cầu khẩn)
24 S + like sth/ doing sth better than sth/
doing sth = S + would rather + V + than + V = S + prefer sth/ doing sth to sth/ doing sth VD: I prefer going shoping to playing volleyball
= I would rather go shoping than play volleyball
26 S + V + O = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V
27 It’s one’s duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth
28 S + be + PII + to + V = S + be + supposed to do sth
29 Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh) = S + should (not) + be + PII
30 Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh) = S + should (not) + do sth
31 S + like sth = S + be + fond of + sth
Trang 10VD: I like do collecting stamps
= I'm fond of collecting stamps
32 I + let + O + do sth = S + allow + S O + to do Sth
VD: My boss let him be on leave for wedding
= My boss allow him to be on leave for wedding
33 S + once + past verb = S + would to + do sth
34 S + present verb (negative) any more = S + would to + do sth
35 S + V + because + S + V = S + V + to + infinitive
VD: She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination
= She studies hard to pass the final examination
36 S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V = S + V + to + infinitive
38 To infinitive or gerund + be + adj = It + be + adj + to + V
39 S + V + and + S + V = S + V + both and
40 S + V + not only + but also = S + V + both and
41 S + V + both and = S + V + not only but also
VD: He translated fast and correctly
= He translated not only fast but also correctly
44 S1+simple present+and+S2+simple futher =If+S1 + simple present + S2 + simple futher
45 S1+didn’t + V1 + Because + S2 + didn’t + V2 = If Clause
46 Various facts given = Mệnh đề if thể hiện điều trái ngược thực tế
47 S1 + V1 + if + S2 + V2(phủ định)= S1 + V1 + Unless + S2 + V2 (khẳng định)
48 S + V + O = S + be + noun + when + adj clause
49 S + V + O = S + be + noun + where + adj clause
50 S + V + O = S + be + noun + whom + adj clause
51 S + V + O = S + be + noun + which + adj clause
52 S + V + O = S + be + noun + that + adj clause
56 S + V + if + S + V (phu dinh) = S + V + unless + S + V (khẳng dinh)
57 S + be + scared of sth = S + be + afraid of + sth
58 Let’s + V = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
59 In my opinion = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive (quan điểm của tôi)
60 S + advise = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
61 Why don’t you do sth? = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive