A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3TH YEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY

A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3THYEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY

THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

-GRADUATION PAPER

A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS OF TRANSLATING COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH ECONOMICAL NEWSPAPERS OF THE 3TH-YEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH,

THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY

Hanoi, 2020

HÀ NỘI - 2015

First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and gratefulness to allteachers at English Department of Thuong Mai University for giving me permission tocommence this thesis

I would like to acknowledge my thankfulness to my supervisor Mrs Nguyen ThiThanh Ha who helped, supported and encouraged me enthusiastically in all stages ofthe research Without her inspiration, motivation and instructions, the study wouldhave been impossible to be done effectively I have been looking forward to receivingher comments and feedbacks to complete the thesis

Moreover, I would like to state my special thanks to 46 freshmen majored students at English Department They helped me to collect and summarize thedata to give research findings

English-Finally, I am greatly indebted to my beloved parents for their continuous supportduring this period

Hanoi, 22th April, 2020

StudentAnhPhan Thi Anh

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES v

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1

1.1 Rationale of the study 1

1.2 Previous study 2

1.3 Aims of the study 3

1.4 Research subject 3

1.5 Scope of the study 3

1.6 Research methodology 4

1.7 Organization of the study 5

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 6

2.1 Definition of presentation 6

There are a lot of definitions of presentation, all wish to make a mark for their 6

2.2 Definition of presentation skill 7

2.3 Requirements of presentation skills 7

2.4 Presentation steps 7

2.5 The role of presentations for students 12

2.5.1 In learning 12

2.5.2 In work and in life 12

2.6 Factors affecting presentation skills of students 13

2.6.1 Presentation style 13

2.6.2 Presentation content 14

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH FINDINGS 18

3.1 General introduction of English Faculty- Thuong Mai university 18

3.2 Research method 18

3.3 Participants 19

3.4 Data collection 19

3.5 Research Findings 20

With the aim of surveying freshmen’s opinion about making presentation in 20

3.6 Discussion 27

CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 31

4.1 Limitations of the study 31

4.2 Suggestions for further studies 31

4.3 Recommendations and suggestions for undergraduates 31

CONCLUSION 34

Students need a lot opportunity to develop and practice presentation skills 34

REFERENCES 35

APPENDIX 36

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Chart 3.1 Views of students about studying combine presentation……… 20

Chart 3.2 The necessary of presentation in subjects at universities……… 21

Chart 3.3 Regular level in making presentation of freshmen……… 22

Chart 3.4 Time students to prepare for a presentation……… 23

Chart 3.5 Student’s confidence level in making presentation……… 24

Chart 3.6 Ways to attract the listener’s attraction on the presentation……… 25

Chart 3.7 The speaker’s behavior towards listeners who make noise during presentation……… ……… ……25

Chart 3.8.Difficulties when making a presentation of students……… 26

Chart 3.9 Solutions to improve presentation skill of students……… 28

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

1.1 Rationale of the study

Recently, the innovation of teaching and learning methods has been carried

out throughout universities throughout the country Schools have been graduallyshifting from traditional teaching to a learner-centered form Therefore, students notonly attend class to listen and write lessons down, but also have to preparepresentations themselves before class Presentation skills become essential for studentstoday Having successful presentations in front of the class or in the crowd will helpstudents succeed in school learning This skill is also essential for students to presentresearch works, dissertations, scientific reports at university and workplace as well.Thereby, students develop creative exploration skills, the ability to work in

groups and the ability to think critically After graduation, presentation skills willhelp students feel more confident and successful in life and at work Most studentsprefer to study using a presentation method but between liking and doing well is a biggap Presenting is really not an easy task because presenters need to be equipped withcertain skills to successfully make a presentation with high efficiency This includesselecting topics, developing outlines, collecting materials, compiling content,presenting topics from beginning to conclusion and answering critical questionsconvincingly Most importantly, the speaker must overcome his fear when speaking inpublic If you have done well all above parts, you have a clear presentation whichattracts followers In order to improve students' ability to self-study, communicate welland be proactive, many universities, including the Thuong Mai University, haveadopted a new method - requiring students to make a presentation in front of the classall subjects

Therefore, I decided to study the topic: A study on difficulties in presentation byEnglish-major freshmen at Thuong Mai University in order to learn about the student’spresentation skills as well as their difficulties when making a presentation and makesome suggestions to improve student’s presentation skills which are extremelyimportant in the learning and working process later

1.2 Previous study

The importance of presentation skills in promoting the ability to communicate

in foreign languages has been researched by many topics thanks to books andnewspapers According to Baker and Westrup (2000), students need to makepresentations and be evaluated by teachers In the book How to Teach English (1998),Harmer gave three reasons why students must be facilitated to make presentations It is

"practiced, commented by teachers and interested in learning Besides, there are manybooks mentioning methods and secrets to improve students' presentation ability such

as Study Skills in English by Michael J Wallace (2004) or Giving Presentations byMark, E and Nina, O, (1992) In addition,“How to Use and Evaluate Student Speaking

&Oral Presentations in the Classroom” written by Speaking, Arguing, & Writing(SAW) Program show us 5 point: Designing speaking assignments, Classroomdiscussion as a speaking tool, Preparing students for public speaking, Evaluatingspeaking & presentations and Bibliography of Sources

Besides, there are also many seminars and scientific research topics on this

issue Research works, articles and seminars such as:

-Topic: "Presentation skills of 3rd year students of English University of

Danang" by Nguyen Thi Phuong Hien Given the fact that students' presentationskills are due to lack of presentation skills, the presentations are not as effective asexpected There are still many errors in structure, design and use of visual aids, bodylanguage, especially the lack of vocabulary and presentation language are thedifficulties that many students face

-Topic: "Using visual media in classroom presentations of second year

students at the University of Foreign Languages - Hanoi National University".Research topics on how to use visual media for classroom presentations of 2nd yearstudents to the most effective Besides, the topic also raised the status of the use, somesuggestions as well as how to choose and introduce visual media

-Article titled "The barriers of innovating teaching methods at the University"

by Le Tan Huynh Cam Giang, Master of Education Research Institute Thearticle points out the difficulties in changing teaching and learning methods atuniversities in Vietnam, he also pointed out the problems encountered during student

presentations Besides, there are a lot of discussions, large workshops of opinionsaround this issue.

-National seminar on the topic "Students with training to meet social needs,business needs" The seminar discussed and raised issues that we need attentionand innovation in student learning methods student presentation skills are also one ofthe issues raised The above-mentioned research topics, scientific conferences or booksalso partly indicate what has been achieved, what should be achieved, and providedeffective presentation methods

However, books and magazines are merely theory of presentation skills, notreally practical and specific for students The seminars are more practical, answerquestions and difficulties of students during the presentation process, but theseseminars are not held regularly, nor do they have enough time to answer all questionsfor students Therefore, the presentation skills of students in general and students atEnglish Faculty of Thuong Mai University in particular still need to be studied further

1.3 Aims of the study

The study is implemented to two main aims:

- The first one is to determine difficulties in presentation skill of English

Faculty Freshmen at Thuong Mai University

- The second one is to survey the status of presentation skills of English

Faculty Freshmen, thereby proposing some feasible solutions to improvepresentation skill of students at English Faculty-Thuong Mai University

1.4 Research subject

In the study, the research subject is difficulties in presentation skill that made

by freshmen of English Faculty at Thuong Mai University Particularly, below arethe research questions to handle in the study:

What are the main difficulties English-majored freshmen faced as making

presentation?

What are some solutions and suggestions to enhance presentation skills of

English-majored freshmen at Thuong Mai University?

1.5 Scope of the study

First, the study was conducted on 46 first-year students of English

Department at Thuong Mai University Second, due to the limitation of time,resources and student’s knowledge as well as other conditions, this study only focused

on giving out the difficulties in presentation skill and implementing the surveyquestionnaire to find out difficulties that the English-majored freshmen at ThuongMai University face in making presentation, then proposing some effective solutionsand suggestions to help them enhance their presentation skills Thus, the study isvaluable for the freshmen in general and students in particular

1.6 Research methodology

There are a lot of methods which can be used to do the research, but each of them

is appropriate with different topics In order to provide a complete and detaileddescription, the author used some methods such as qualitative research methodscombined with quantitative research methods which include:

Data collection instruments

The main instruments used in the study to collect data were online

questionnaire and interview questions and writing tasks

Questionnaire: The questionnaire is considered as a common instrument to

collect data in research It aims at finding out the attitude and problems ofstudents toward presentation, their difficulties in presentation skills The questionnairehelps us look for necessary information and research main problems relating to theresearch subject

Interview: Interview is considered as the method to interact between twoindividuals, in which the interviewer makes an attempt to collect information,responses and opinions of interviewee Besides, interview could be reflected theattitude and behavior of individual, which helps researcher comprehend perspectives

graphs and diagrams Depending on the information of charts, the research conductsand make judgement on results to give the accurate proportion of grammatical errorsmade by students.

1.7 Organization of the study

The study was divided into four following chapters:

Chapter 1: Overview of the study

The part deals with certain primary sessions including rationale, previous study,aims of study, research subjects, the scope of the study, research methodology andorganization of the study

Chapter 2: Literature review

The chapter provides a theoretical background of presentation skills includingdefinition of presentation, roles of presentation and presentation skills as well Inaddition, the chapter distributes the discussion of researcher, gives various technique tosummary literature databases for research findings

Chapter 3: Research findings

The data of the chapter would be collected from the questionnaire and interview,which reveals (1) what difficulties freshmen face with as presenting (2) what causeshad a negative impact on students in making presentation (3) evaluation and suggestedsolutions

Chapter 4: Recommendations and suggestions

The chapter includes summary of main perspectives, the limitation of study andsuggestions for further studies

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition of presentation

There are a lot of definitions of presentation, all wish to make a mark for theirown product According to Prateek Bhattacharjee, former Human ResourcesExecutive at Koenig Solutions (2016-2017) defined that “Presentation is defined as theway to concentrate on a particular topic and project it towards the audience with acontent which not only delivers value but a perspective from the presenter’s point ofview in any domain or field A presentation is something which can outline anyscenario in a collaborative way for a person to deliver and make people understand andbring awareness in the chosen field.” Ishrat Binti Alam, Faculty Representatives (FRC)

at Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur (2017-present) claimed that A presentation

is a formal talk to one or more persons that “presents” ideas or information in a clear,structured way All presentations have a common objective they are given in order toinform, train, persuade or sell

Taking more care of the intention of the author, Graham Davies wrote in “ThePresentation Coach: Bare Knuckle Brilliance For Every Presenter”:

“A presentation is the process of presenting a topic to an audience It is

typically a demonstration, introduction, lecture, or speech meant to inform,persuade, or build good will The term can also be used for a formal or ritualizedintroduction or offering, as with the presentation of a debutante”

In general, a presentation is the process of presenting a topic to an audience It

is typically a demonstration, introduction, lecture, or speech meant to inform,persuade, inspire, motivate, or to build good will or to present a new idea or product.The term can also be used for a formal or ritualized introduction or offering, as withthe presentation of a debutante Presentations in certain formats are also known askeynote address

A presentation can be delivered either via slideshows, pdfs, word files or graphics which can deliver a lot of information in as shorter way as possible Apresentation is a means of communication that can be adapted to various speakingsituations, such as talking to a group, addressing a meeting or briefing a team

info-A presentation can also be used as a broad term that encompasses other

‘speaking engagements’ such as making a speech at a wedding, or getting a pointacross in a video conference

To be effective, step-by-step preparation and the method and means of

presenting the information should be carefully considered

A presentation requires you to get a message across to the listeners and willoften contain a 'persuasive' element It may, for example, be a talk about thepositive work of your organization, what you could offer an employer, or why youshould receive additional funding for a project

2.2 Definition of presentation skill

Presentation skills are the ability to use a combination of knowledge, attitudes,methods, and necessary tools to convey and guide information in order to makeinformation become more appealing and get more attractive listeners

Presentation skills combinate content and form, between verbal and physicalcommunication, which not only communicates information to the oral audience

to their hearing organs, but also transmits them to the other senses including sight,smell, taste, touch (by image, smell, taste, contact)

2.3 Requirements of presentation skills

- The presenter must evaluate himself/herself: true knowledge, relationship,position, thickness of practice …

- Learning carefully about the object, the order, the career, the needs …

- Preparing in advance knowledge, information, presentation materials

- Must clearly define the purpose of the presentation, with reasons, time andlocation of the presentation

- Must listen to the audience and respond promptly

- Good structure of 3 parts of the presentation: introduction, body, conclusion

2.4 Presentation steps

Step 1 Prepare the presentation

In order to be able to confidently present, we need to be well-prepared, at thisstage, we need to:

Firstly, prepare yourself:

- Mentally: The presenter first needs mental preparation to create confidence,comfort and no mood for anxiety and trembling Those who are nervous or afraid

to speak in front of the crowd must practice in many different ways such as: practicespeaking many times in front of friends and relatives, participating in collectiveactivities (for example: volunteering ) or even speak alone in front of the mirror

- Regarding knowledge: When being invited to give a presentation or

assigned to give a presentation, we need to evaluate ourselves as to how we areknowledgeable about the subject, have enough presentation information or not? Fromthere, preparing the knowledge necessary for the presentation In addition, it is alsonecessary to prepare the knowledge surrounding the presentation to be able to take theinitiative in unexpected situations, ready to answer questions from listeners In order toprovide an explanation for others to understand, this is also a factor to help usproactively and express our inner confidence

- Regarding knowledge: When being invited to give a presentation or

assigned to - External factors: You should prepare hair, clothes, shoes, must besuitable, neat, clean, …

Second, understanding the audience: Presentation must be built around the

listeners, the listeners as the center For the same problem, but givingpresentations to different subjects, it is necessary to build a different presentation.Therefore, in order to have a good presentation, we have to understand the

listeners who are waiting for, not simply that saying what we want, what theirknowledge or how they understand the problem to be presented …

Third, prepare the presentation:

- Determine the purpose of the presentation (say what): Determine the

purpose of the presentation will be easy to prepare the content of thepresentation The presentation needs to identify the message as well as certain content

to avoid the case that there are too many messages intertwined in the presentation, thecontent of the presentation is too lengthy to identify the focus

- Determine how to say: in order to be proactive when presenting, we need to

plan in advance and see what issues we will say during that time? What is thefocus? The prepared presentation will help the speaker have a logical, meaningfulspeech that creates the initiative and confidence in the presentation.

- Prepare presentation content:

Prepare the introduction: The introduction of the talk is responsible for

introducing the topic and attracting the attention of the listener We need to knowhow to take full attention in the first few moments to lead the listener into the talk(introduction) There are many ways to enter, depending on the specific situation, youcan choose one of the following ways when opening the talk:

+ Direct introduction: Straighten the topic and purpose of the talk, the mainissues will be presented in the talk

+ Introduction by asking questions: by asking questions at the beginning to

make people think about the topic of the talk For example, when presenting onthe issue of "Commenting on the current crime issue", it might start with a questionsuch as: asking any student: what is your opinion about this issue? Do you think thecriminal issue is getting more serious nowadays?

+ Introductory narrative: The speaker slowly leads the listener to the topic ofthe talk by recalling a past event related to the topic

+ Contrast introduction: The speaker starts by emphasizing a certain conflict

to get attention

+ Introduction by quoting famous words: An appropriate quote can be an

interesting opening In addition to the above introductions, there may be otherintroductions

Depending on the situation, characteristics of the listener and your interests,choose an appropriate way to start

Preparing the development: In the development process, we have to give themain ideas, analysis and proof to clarify the problem that we want to present,thereby expressing our ideas When preparing this section, it should be noted: shouldgive examples, specific figures to illustrate each idea, each of his points or can preparefunny, humorous stories to make the atmosphere of a stress-free conversation andmaintain the listener's attention

Prepare the conclusion: According to the rules of attention, in the final

moments of the talk, the listener once again focused attention on you We need totake advantage of this attention to pinpoint in the listener the key points of the talkand, depending on the nature and purpose of the talk, give greetings, appeals orassignments which service for the future

Step 2 Conduct the presentation

- Creating an atmosphere of contact: In order to create a comfortable and

friendly atmosphere for the listeners, it is common for the speaker to refer to thelisteners with the word "we" at the beginning dearly

- Presenting content: When presenting a presentation, the speaker should

express according to a predetermined outline to ensure the logic is not missing orcoincidental However, you should not rely too much on preparation paper Focus thetime of the speech on the key issues to address the purpose of the lecture as well asavoid rambling, expanding the problem to make the speech "thin" However, in order

to avoid creating a dry feeling for the listener, when presenting the presentation, thespeaker needs to have certain skills to make the presentation attractive in his or herpresentation In particular, the speaker needs to pay attention to the following points:

- Presenting content: When presenting a presentation, the speaker should

express

About the voice: the speaker's voice needs to be just enough for the farthestperson to hear, not to speak too loud or too small, not to speak too fast or tooslowly, the voice needs to vary depending on the circumstances to have low or lowaltitude, have highlights The pronunciation must be standard, clear, not confusing thesounds, avoid stuttering and use language suitable for the listener

Appearance and gestures: Standing on the podium must show dignity, poiseand confidence Standing on the podium, you need to stand upright in a naturalposition, do not put your hands in your pockets, look at the listeners with your eyes,gently respect and care for the listeners We can walk while talking, but should notleave the sight of a group of listeners for a long time The best posture to start thepresentation is to stand upright, your legs slightly extended to the sides and your body

weight all over your legs Keep the gestures naturally, avoid repetitive gestures Usegestures to emphasize key points and draw attention to the listener.

Facial expressions: While presenting, depending on the issues, the

presentation should be friendly, joyful, cheerful and also must be serious andpolite to attract the listeners and suitable for the presentation problem For example:When students present in a group presentation, the facial expressions must be cheerful,proactive, unable to show tired, scowling and sad expressions that would not beattractive, not sympathetic to the listeners

Eyes: During the presentation, regularly turning your eyes to the listener,

cover all the people present in the room, do not let anyone feel you are

"abandoned" Look intimately Direct eye contact with some people in the crowd andoccasionally glance at the entire audience while speaking However, do not makeeye contact with the audiences as this will distract and confuse them and sometimesthe speaker himself/herself becomes confused

Hands: When giving a presentation we often see "redundant limbs", that's

because we don't know how to swing our arms properly In fact, if you know how

to combine words with hand gestures, the hand will be a powerful weapon in thepresentation because it helps complement the speech and also shows friendliness Therule is to always keep your hands between your waist and under your chin If we put ittoo high, our hands will cover our face, making us unable to pronounce it clearly If webring it too low, the people sitting below will not see it When putting the right handalways remember "inside out, bottom up" While presenting attention constantlychanging hands to make a difference

Reply to the listener: The presentation will become boring if it is simply onespeaker and everyone else listens As stated above, in order to achieve success,there is a need for direct interaction between the two parties to the presentation Inorder to help listeners ask questions related to the content being developed, asking andanswering such questions will help listeners promptly answer their questions, in order

to stimulate simultaneous attention, create an opportunity for presenters to expresstheir confidence in the prepared knowledge

End of presentation: summarizing main ideas, concluding presentation issues

Every time a problem ends, the task should be to summarize the key issues orpoints to note so that the listeners can grasp the main idea without distraction.Notice of the end can be expressed in terms such as: “Summary …”, “To thatend, I summarize …”, “Before breaking up, I would like to summarize what waspresented ” The announcement also helps listeners prepare mentally to absorb themost core information.

The conclusion of the presentation should thank the listeners and should have

a call to motivate the listener to take action A commitment can be called for by aspecific action, such as clapping, raising your hands, voting or taking actionimmediately (for example, when giving a presentation on charitable giving, the end ofthe conversation needs to be called upon now by donating money to charity) Or itcould be as simple as using ways to direct listeners to specific actions such as applyingimmediately what they gain from the presentation to their specific work

2.5 The role of presentations for students

2.5.1 In learning

Presenting is a mandatory requirement for students in some subjects for

which lecturers apply the presentation method

Presentation is also an opportunity for students to practice their ability to

present in front of the crowd, prepare for work smoothly in the future

2.5.2 In work and in life

All areas of life, good presentations will create a high position, a respect fromothers

In the field of politics: talented speakers, they are the leaders of the world

such as Fidel Castro, John Kennedy, Barack Obama, Mather Luther King, Ho ChiMinh,

In the field of education: a teacher who does not speak in front of an

interesting crowd does not make students understand the lesson, despiteextensive knowledge

In the field of economics: a good manager or successful businessman is not

only a person of strategic stature, creative business idea but also a person withgood presentation ability A good and successful leader is someone who can make theemployee understand and follow the strategies and orientations he sets.

No matter how much a person has valuable insights and unique ideas, it is

impossible to present them to others It is difficult to achieve certain successes

No one accepts a person who is considered successful but standing in front of thecrowd again confused, speechless Unfortunately, one person's knowledge, workexperience, and unique ideas will not help others

Because of all the above, everyone must realize that presentation is the mostimportant skill, it brings all other factors such as confidence, using words, bodylanguage together There is a saying: "You say it in public, so is your life." Therefore,presentation skills are an indispensable step on the way to success Presentation skillsare a difficult skill but can be completely practiced

Practice your presentation skills every day will shorten the road to your

success And the important thing is the better you are presenting, the easier it will

be to persuade others Also, that is the image most people who achieve leadershippositions need

2.6 Factors affecting presentation skills of students

2.6.1 Presentation style

For a successful presentation, the presenter needs to prepare a lot of elements

In particular, the style of the presenter occupies a significant position to theeffectiveness of the presentation The style includes: costumes or appearance,behavior, posture and conduct Appearance style is the first impression the speakers toattract the audiences Therefore, we need to create sympathy for the listeners in thesefirst seconds Selecting and coordinating costumes is an important skill that directlyaffects the presentation A harmonious combination of costumes, hair and accessorieswill make a good impression on the audiences On the other hand, an appropriate outfitwill help you feel more confident, stronger when presenting

Conversely, if you choose an outfit that doesn't suit your body, the situation

and the content of the speech will cause opposition to the opponent From there,your presentation will be less persuasive

For example: You are giving a presentation on how to dress at work While

wearing a pair of jeans and a T-shirt with colorful colors, along with hair is notneatly clamped, your presentation will not be convincing anymore, even audience isnot interested in continue listening Or you wear too much jewelry, such as two orthree bracelets; maybe they will create collisions, noises that distract the listener Duethat, the content you want to convey to the listener will not be complete, and of courseyour presentation will not be satisfied

Besides presentation costumes, your demeanor, activity and behavior also

occupy an important part A loud, clear voice will inspire the listener Confidentexpressions, natural style will make listeners feel friendly and trustworthy so it easilyconquered the listener The audience will be very sleepy, distracting if your voice is alllike returning to the lesson, your eyes are staring at the prepared presentation Start bygreeting the audience and introducing yourself If there is a lack of self-introductionthen people will think that you are either inferiority, shy, or even a dumb figure wholooks like you are famous without having to introduce Any case is detrimental to you

2.6.2 Presentation content

2.6.2.1 Research

In general, there is no limitation on research topics Topics can be macro

issues covering the fields of economics, legal politics, socio-culture, science andtechnology, nature Topics can be micro issues that primarily address human issuesincluding competitors, trading partners, customers, suppliers, internal enterprises.However, in order to be attractive, no matter which field you choose, the topic alsoneeds to be topical, practical, special and unique

2.6.2.2 Layout

The content of the presentation should be organized according to a certain

layout, clear, reasonable, and persuasive, in order to help listeners easily followthe story's progress, thereby understanding the transmitted messages

Beginning:

Regarding the form, it is necessary to attract the attention and create

sympathy in the listener immediately, there are some ways to begin as follows:tell a story, quote a celebrity, ask questions, curious suggestions of the audience,making unusual gestures.

Regarding the content, highlighting research issues, including reasons,

content, scope and value of the research

Body:

The audience has little time to think because they have to follow the

presentation so if the content is not clear, thoughtful and intermittent, naturally,they will not understand what the speaker wants to say and don't want to listenanymore Therefore, in terms of content, it is necessary to follow the prescribedsequence to ensure the coherence and rationality of the story, including starting fromthe theoretical basis of the research to the issues that need to be solved and requestedworks, ideas and solutions, provide evidence, benefits when applying specificsolutions, action plans

Conclusion:

If the opening creates the first impression, the middle section provides value

to provide information, then the ending has the effect of inculcating in theaudience's mind, because the last words are most easily remembered In terms of form,how to let the audience know it is over and they leave but still regret In terms ofcontent, the conclusion shows the highlight of the presentation, the value andlimitations of the study

2.6.2.3 Consistency

Each presentation has a mission that focuses on a specific purpose, so the

consistency of content must be expressed throughout from the beginning to theend of the presentation, including: Consistency between the opening and closingparagraphs Consistency between the details of the content in the middle paragraph.Specifically, there must be similarities between the theoretical foundations, the statusand evaluation analysis, goals and solutions

2.6.2.4 Presentation tools and external elements

2.6.2.4.1 Skills to use PowerPoint tools

With the development of information and communication technology,

presentations have become much more convenient thanks to PowerPointsoftware: presentation ideas are supported by tools to illustrate or emphasize, time forwriting and drawing tables should be saved, the audience attraction is enhanced bysound effects and vivid images To exploit PowerPoint effectively, you need to followsome common principles: how to make the slides easy to see, understand andremember, the slides are as concise as possible, but not too poor, unattractive; designlarge print to ensure the most distant audience sees, it should use vacuum word forclarity, not too many lines on one page.

2.6.2.4.2 Space and Time elements

Presentation space:

The size of the meeting room should be appropriate for the number of

audiences, screens and tables and chairs arranged in such a way as to make surethe speaker can see the audience directly and refer to the schematic image asnecessary The media light and color are appropriate and not abnormal

Presentation time:

Morning is often easier to absorb than afternoon or evening The duration ofthe presentation should be appropriate, from 30 minutes to 1 hour is medium Ifthe presentation is too long, it will cause bored and if the presentation is too short, it isnot possible to load all the necessary information Relatively we should calculatedepending on the content of the presentation topic

2.6.2.4.3 Audience elements

Active audiences:

Listen attentively, opening their mouths as if they want to "drink" each word,energetically when you speak out, worrying when you forget, wanting to remindwhen you pause In short, they are people who share funs and worries with you Just afew souls are enough to cool you down when making a presentation

Annoying audiences:

Do not pay attention to listen but do other things, laugh and talk together veryloudly, enter and exit the presentation room arbitrarily which affecting people,sleep while listening to the presentation, even have harsh reaction when notunderstand