Nghiên cứu thiết kế và tích hợp các chip chuyên dụng vào hệ thống đo lường và thu thập dữ liệu

Phdn thuc nghiem va cac ket qua 9 2.1 Tich hop kha nang thong bao ket qua bang gigng noi 9 cho he thong do ludng 2.2 Tich hop chip chuyen dung vao cac he thong do 16 nhieu man hien thi 2

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NO I

TRUfiMG DAI HOC CONG NGHE

BAG GAG TGNG KET

Th S Nguyin Kiem Hiing

CN Nguy6n Van Hieu

CN Phan Thu Ngan "

Ha Noi 2006

MUG LUC

Trang Muc luc 2 Dat van de 3 Chuong 1 Mot so hieu biet ca ban ve ky thuat lap trinh 4

tren chip

Chuang 2 Phdn thuc nghiem va cac ket qua 9

2.1 Tich hop kha nang thong bao ket qua bang gigng noi 9

cho he thong do ludng 2.2 Tich hop chip chuyen dung vao cac he thong do 16

nhieu man hien thi 2.3 Thiet ke va tich hop cac chip FPGA vao he thong 28

thu nhan anh ve tinh khi tugng 2.4 Nghien cuu thiet ke va tich hgp chip Xilinx CPLD 46

vao he thong thu nhan anh ve tinh khi tugng Ketluan 51 Danh sach cac cong trinh da cong bo 53

Danh sach cac san pham dao tao 54

Tai lieu tham khao 55

DAT VAN DE

Trong nhOng nam gin day, cac thiet bi do lucmg va thu thap du lieu da vugt

qua gidd ban cac hinh thiic chi thi hoac hien thi thong thucmg va tra nen phong

phu w6 chung loai, da dang ve each the hien ket qua nhu: dgc ket qua bang gigng

noi, dgc ket qua tif xa, Tr6n dudng pho Ha Noi eo the nghe thay tieng dgc ket qua can do th6ng s6 lien quan den siie khoe con ngucfi bang tieng Viet tir mot san pham do Trung Quoc san xua't Nhung lai eo mot dae diem dang chu y la eau tao ben trong cua cac san pham loai nay lai khong phiic tap them nhieu nh5 sii dung cac linh kien s6 lap trinh duge (PLD; Programmmable Logic Device) Huomg nghien euru nay phat trien 6 mot so nu6c, nhung do dae tinh lap trinh duge nen cho phep nhung nu6c nho eung eo the tiep can cong nghe vi mach hien dai de lam ra nhung san pham mang dae thii eiia dat nu6e minh, tieng noi eiia dan t6e minh,

Trong xu hudmg phat trien hien nay khong the ehd nuac khdc lam ra nhung

san pham the hien tiSng Viet tren man hinh tuong tac (nhu tren cac phuang tien

nghe nhin a nu6e ta hien nay) hoac dgc ket qua bang tieng Viet ma ta phai tu

lam duge nhiJng san phan loai nhu vay De tai nay duge xay dung nham tiep can mot yeu edu dang dat ra doi vofi cac san pham dien tu Viet nam

Them vao do, cong nghe vi mach truyen thong chi c6 the thuc hien a cac

nu6e 16n va giau vi kinh phi dau tu rat ton kem, nhung cac nu6e nho tham chi ngheo van eo the tiep can cong nghe lap trinh cho vi mach (mot cong nghe khong gay 6 nhi6m moi trucmg nhu cong nghe truyen thong !) de lam ra nhung loat nho san pham thich hgp vod yeu eau dat ra trong timg nude

Thiet ke va tao ra mot so chip FPGA/CPLD chuyen dung (bang phan mem)

CO kha nang tich hop duge vao cac he thong do lucmg va thu thap du lieu lam

tang them gia tri su dung va linh vue limg dung cua he thong Mot thi du eo ihi

dt dang nhan thay la cac mach dong bg va tach tin hieu tu cac ve tinh khi tugng;

neu lam tir cac linh kien r5i rac, ke ca cac vi mach, se rat phuc tap va ton kem thdi gian, nhung neu lam duge tir cac chip lap trinh thi mach dien se rat ggn nhe, boat dgng tin cay va thdi gian che tao (nhan ban) se riit ggn di rat nhieu

Nhimg noi dung chinh se duge trinh bay trong bao cao nay bao g6m:

- Mot so hieu biet ca ban ve ky thuat lap trinh tren chip

- Phan thuc nghiem va mot so ket qua thuc hien da dang ky truac

- Tom tat ket qua va mot so lai ban luan

- XOr ly tin hieu so nang cao

- Xu iy anh,

- Cac ung dung da phuang tien [2], [3], [4]^ y^ [5]^

Thuc te cho thay, cho du cac chuang trinh nap vao chip eo phuc tap den dau thi do eau true theo kieu modun van c6 the duge xem nhu duge xay dung tu nhiing phan nho, nhiing bg phan nho ket noi lai Vi vay, viee xay dung nhung modun so (digital) ca ban de tu do hinh thanh mot thu vien se tang tinh da dung cua vi mach lap trinh duge, dong thai nit ngan duge thai gian tinh tu khi hinh thanh thiet ke den cac ung dung cu the

Trong khuon kho de tai ''Nghien ciru thiet ke vd tich hop cac chip chuyen

dung vao he thong do Itr&ng vd thu thap dCt lieu'' cac chip lap trinh duge bao

gom hai loai:

* Cac vi dieu khien, cu the la vi dieu khien AVR, da duge nha san xuat che tao san thanh cac vi dieu khien, chi can lap trinh cho thich hgp vai cac ung dung cu the

* Cac chip CPLD, kha nang lap trinh lam cho ung dung cua chip linh boat ban

Viec lap trinh cho cac vi dieu khien da duge trinh bay trong nhieu cuon sach

duge xuat ban trong nuac, chang ban [3], Trong khi, ngon ngu dae ta de lap

trinh cho cac CPLD van con rat it tai lieu (trong nuac) de cap den Vi vay, sau day xin trinh bay ngan ggn ve cac vi mach lap trinh duge, ciing nhu ngon ngO de lap trinh cho cac chip nay

1.2 NGON NG0M6 TA PHAN CUNG HDL

L2.1 Mot so khai niem

• •

VHDL la mot thuat ngii duge viet tat cua Very High Speed (Integrated Curcuits) Hardware Description Language (Ngon ngu mo ta phan cung mach tich hgp toe do cao) Loai ngon ngix dae biet nay da duge phat trien tu giiia

r

nhijng nam 80 a Hoa ky Bg Quoc phong va Vien IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) da bao trg cho sir phat trien cua ngon ngiJ mo ta phan cung vai muc tieu phat trien mach tich hgp toe do cao Ngay nay VHDL da tra thanh ngon ngir tieu chuan cong nghiep duge su dung de mo ta cac he thong so

VHDL CO nhumg dae diem giong cac ngon ngir lap trinh quen thugc khac

ve mat cu phap, eau true lenh, nhung lai eo nhung diem khac biet quan trong

ve mat thuc thi lenh Ngon ngu mo ta phan cung noi chung va VHDL noi rieng boat dgng theo dang song song, tuc la cac eau lenh tac dgng den cac cong

logic duge thuc thi mot each song song ngay khi c6 tin hieu loi vao tac dgng

Cac chuang trinh mo ta phan cung noi chung giong nhu viec bat ehuae thuoc tinh eiia mot quy luat eiia he thong vat ly, thong thuong la cac he thong so

1.2.2 Mot so cong nghe phan cirng

1.2.2.1 Cong nghe ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)

Cong nghe mach tich hgp chuyen dung, day la cong nghe thiet ke mach bang mot chip chuyen dung duge dinh huang truac theo mot hoac mot so chuc

cu the cua mot nha san xuat nao day

1.2.2.2 Cong nghe PLD (Programmable Logic Devices)

* Mot so loai linh kien logic lap trinh dirac

- Simple Programmable Logic Devices (SPED): la mot con chip nho vai cac

cong noi tiep (day) hoac mot nhom cac cong duge noi vai nhau de dam nhan mot chuc nang don gian

- Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD): eo eau true phuc tap ban SPED, no CO the chua mot vai khoi, moi khoi duge hieu nhu mot SPED

- Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA): c6 eau true va boat dgng phuc tap ban CPLD, dong thai c6 kha nang thuc hien nhung chuc nang phuc tap

* Cdc phirang tien chu yeu diing cho linh kien logic lap trinh dirac

• Can CO PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) trong PLD bai no

chua chuang trinh cho PLD Chuang trinh duge luu lai ngay ca khi mat

nguon nuoi

• Phan mem lap trinh cho PLD

• Cac tai lieu huang dan phuc vu cho nguai phat trien

• Kha nang lap lai eau hinh cho linh kien

The he PLD mai, dugz cong ty Xilinx phat trien c6 ket hgp he thong tren

r t

chip dugz xem nhu la the he FPGA No duge ket hgp nhung mach dae biet cung

vai rat nhieu cong de tao nen nhung thiet bi truyen thong c6 chuc nang dae biet

* Cong nghe CPLD

CPLD cung cap cho cac nha thiet ke mach logic c6 dung lugng rat Ian de

thiet ke nhimg mach phuc tap chi tren mot chip CPLD c6 the coi la mot tap hgp

cua cac SPED

Mot SPED la mot nhom cac cong duge noi lien vai nhau ma chung c6 the

lap trinh duge de thuc hien mot chuc nang nao do Duge phat trien bat dau tu

nhung nam 1970, SPED la mot phan bet sue ca ban de thiet ke CPLD, PAL

(Programmable Array Logic), PEA (Programmable Logic Array) Noi khac di,

CPLD chua cac khoi SPED, trong do moi SPED duge coi la mot khoi logic bao

^ •>

gom PAL hoac PEA Cong nghe CPLD duge phat trien cho cac ung dung nhu :

- Cac thiet ke dan gian

- Cac thiet bi c6 gia thanh thap, chuc nang don gian

- Giam kich thuac mach

* Cong nghe FPGA

f r \ •> >

Mot chip FPGA duge thiet ke bao gom hang ngan cong logic hoac nhieu

ban vai cac ket noi c6 kha nang lap trinh, thuong ap dung cho cac chuang trinh

phat trien phan cung vi c6 uu diem la boat dgng nhanh va dien ap thap Cau tao

cua mot chip FPGA bao gom cac bg dem I/O, cac khoi logic eau hinh, thuong

Mot CLB don bao gom bon tin hieu vao, mot tin hieu xung clock, cac bg

da hgp lap trinh duge, mot flip flop SR, bang tra (LUT-Look Up Table) Bang

LUT la bg nha so dung de cat giii bang chan ly cua ham so Boole Mot CLB c6

rat nhieu ham logic khac nhau dung de sap dat chuang trinh

* f r r \ \

Luu do thiet ke cho mot chip FPGA bat dau bang viec mo ta ham trang

f 1

thai, thuong dung ngon ngu VHDL Cau true sau do duge tong hgp tu cac luge

do mach hoac cac 6 logic Ke tiep la viec sap dat va ehgn duang de dinh vi cac

CLB cho phu hgp vai mang netlist Sau do la qua trinh mo phong va tham tra

truac khi nap chuang trinh vao chip,

t r r r , ,

LTU diem Ion nhat eiia thiet ke FPGA la thai gian thuc hien rat ngan Cac

cau true logic tren chip c6 the duge nguai su dung lap trinh true tiep ma khong

can mot cong cu che tao mach tich hgp nao Vi khong c6 buae vat ly nen mot

ham don gian trong mot chip FPGA thong thuong c6 the thu duge ngay khi ve

f

Mapping Viec san xuat chip theo ky thuat FPGA thuong c6 chi phi cao ban so

f

vai cac ky thuat khac, no thuong duge ap dung cho viec san xuat chip ASIC

(Application Specific Integrated Circuit) lam viec vai dien ap thap va cho cac

linh kien can toe do nhanh

So sanh giiia cac cong nghe PLD thi FPGA la mot cong nghe mai duge

phat trien c6 tiem nang rat Ion

1.2.3 So sanh cong nghe ASIC va PLD

Cong nghe PLD va cong nghe ASIC khac nhau a mot so diem sau:

- ASIC thuong duge thiet ke toi uu cho mot chuc nang dae biet nen thuong

CO toe do cao ban Nhung vai cong nghe cao ngay cang phat trien thi PLD

van CO kha nang vira cho do linh dgng cao vua c6 toe do nhanh va gia

thanh re

r f f

- Vai so lugng Ion (tren 5000 chip) ASIC to ra kinh te hon, trong khi vai so

lugng nho, tham chi rat nho thi PLD lai the hien uu diem vugt trgi

- ASIC CO gia thanh thuong dat gap nhieu Ian so vai cong nghe PLD

- Tinh linh dgng, da dang trong chuc nang thi PLD hon ban ASIC

Chu-oTig 2

2.1 TICH HQP K H A N A N G THONG B A O KET QUA B A N G

GIQNG NOI CHO HE THONG DO Ll/OfNG

2.1.1 Dat van de

Cham ngon eo eau "Tram nghe khong bang mot thay", nhung khi giao tiep

v6i cac thiet bi dien tir thi trong nhieu trucmg hgp am thanh lai lam cho nguai

dung cam thay tien Igi ban nhi6u Co the ke ra a day mot vai thi du: Tieng loa

bao so tang khi di thang may, tieng "bip" bao chap mach khi do dien tra, tieng

"coi chit" bao nhiet do qua cao, tieng "coi bao dgng" khi ap suat qua cao, v v

deu lam giam nhe su cang thang cho ngudi dung so v6i khi phai theo doi bang

mat Tren dudng pho Ha Noi eo the nghe thay tieng dgc ket qua can do thong so

lien quan den siie khoe eon ngu5i bang tieng Viet tir mot san pham do Trung

Quoc san xua't Moi day nhat la nhung dien thoai phat ra so ggi bang tieng Viet

m6i khi ngucri dung nhan phim Am thanh phat ra trong cac thi du neu tren d6u

do mot vi di6u khien ehi dao Vi vay trong chuong nay ta se xem xet eo the giao

tiep nhu the nao v6i mot vi di6u khien de kich boat cac chip phat ra am thanh

Hien tugng nay duge ung dung trong cac thiet bi eanh bao, chong trgm, xu ly va

nhan dang tieng noi, dae biet la trong cac he thong do ludng va dieu khien

Theo huong nghien cuu nay chung toi da dat duge mot so ket qua, chang

f r

han tich hgp am thanh trong thiet bi quan ly hang cho, trong thiet bi bao dgng

hoac eanh bao Trong phan nay se trinh bay cac ket qua thuc nghiem trong viec

ma rgng thiet ke he do de tich hgp them mot bg phat am so de cho phep thong

bao cac ket qua do bang gigng noi tieng Viet Sau mot khoang thdi gian dat

trude hoac khi c6 mot phim yeu cau dgc ket qua duge bam, cac ket qua do ve do

am, nhiet do (hoac ca ap suatO se duge thong bao bang gigng ndi tieng Viet He

I ^ ^ f t

thong tren mang tinh minh boa ve mat phuang phap, ve nguyen tac viec doc ket

•\ t f

qua do ludng bang gigng noi c6 the duge ap dung cho cac he thong do cac thong

so khac nhu: do huyet ap, do dien ap, cac long ap tre so sinh v v

2.1.2 Xay dyng he thong

2.1.2.1 Modun thu phat am so

•» f

De phat am so c6 hai phuang phap:

• Viet phan mem tren chip (chang ban bang ngon ngir VHDL) de tao ra cac

tieng noi tong hgp

• Dung cac chip chuyen dung de thu phat am thanh, ggi tat la cac modun

RPM

Thoat dau, chung toi di theo hudng thu nhat va da ed ket qua cong bd tai

Hoi Nghi Khoa hgc cua Khoa Cong Nghe (va dang tren tap chi cua Dai hgc

Quoc Gia) vi nhan thay ngoai phan am thanh con ed the tich hgp cac phan khac

eiia he thong do ludng tren cung mot chip Ve sau, chung toi chuyen sang each

thu hai vi thay de dap ung tinh da dang cua ung dung hon

f y

Theo giai phap thu hai thi trong he thdng nay, phan quan trgng la mot

modun RPM duge su dung de thu/phat am thanh RPM cung cap mot giai phap

tron, va bg khuech dai loa Mot he thdng con thu/phat am tdi thieu c6 the duge

cau hinh vdi mot micro-phdn, mot loa, mot vai linh kien thu dgng, hai nut bam

va mot ngudn nudi Viec ghi am duge luu vao trong cac d nhd khdng bay hoi,

f f f r

cung cap su luu trir tin nhan cdng suat zero Giai phap duy nhat nay duge thuc

hien nhd cdng nghe luu tru da muc MLS Tieng ndi va cac tin hieu am thanh

duge luu tru true tiep vao trong bg nhd dudi dang tu nhien ciia no, cung cap su

f

tai tao am thanh trang thai Idng chat lugng cao

1 ^ i t lr.-«( Atc^ac*

f-Poi« i : t / * Srroolnirtg F itw >LTO

thu/phat khoang tu 20 giay den vai phiit Vdi cac ung dung khong phuc tap,

chung tdi lira ehgn mddun RPM ed khoang thu phat 20 giay Cac thdng sd dang

f f t

quan tam cua mddun RPM la kha nang nhd tin nhan den 100 nam va sd chu

trinh ghi/xoa la 100.000

Cac dae tinh ky thuat chinh ed the ke ra nhu sau:

• Ngudn nudi don dau, +5 von,

• Khoang thdi gian ghi: 20 giay,

• Giai phap thu phat don chip de su dung,

• Su tao lai am thanh tu nhien vdi chat lugng cao,

• Su luu tin nhan cdng suat bang khong,

• Cd kha nang dinh dia ehi cho tat ca cac tin nhan,

• Kha nang nhd tin nhan den 100 nam,

• Chiu duge 100.000 chu trinh ghi,

• Bg dao dgng on-chip,

• Nhiet do lam viec: O'^C tdi TO'^C ddi vdi cac san pham thuong mai, -40°C

tdi 85°C ddi vdi cac san pham cdng nghiep

Hinh 2 chi ra mot so do khoi cho mot ung dung rat eo ban eiia RPM Mach

nay cd ba niit nhan: mot cho ghi, mot cho phat lai theo sudn va mot cho phat lai

theo muc Nut ghi am thuc hien chinh xac nhiem vu nhu ten ggi eiia nd: nhan

nut nay cho phep ghi lai am thanh; nha nut nay dimg ghi am Neu gap diem ket

thuc bg nhd (EOM) cua chip trude khi nut duge nha, chip se tu dgng ket thuc

viec ghi va chuyen sang che do giam nang lugng Ciang cd mot LED dd dung de

chi thj viec ghi am LED nay duge bat sang khi ghi am Am thanh ed the duge

ghi theo 2 each: bang each su dung mot micrd-phdn nhu duge chi ra trong mach

vi du phan tren, hoac bang each su dung mot tin hieu true tiep tu mot he thdng

I I f r

CD-stereo ket ndi true tiep tdi chan Idi vao tuong tu cua RPM

Cd hai loai nut phat loai: kich boat theo sudn (PLAYE) va kich boat theo

f f y

muc (PEAYE) Thiet bi bat dau mot chu trinh phat lai am khi phat hien mot

sudn chuyen muc tu muc HIGH tdi muc LOW tren chan PL A YE Viec dua

f f

chan PEAYE len muc HIGH trong sudt thdi gian phat lai am thanh se khdng ket

f f f

thuc chu trinh phat lai hien thdi Su phat lai tiep tuc cho den khi mot dau hieu

EOM duge phat hien Ngay sau khi hoan thanh chu ky phat lai, thiet bj tu dgng

1 f

giam nang lugng va chuyen sang che do Standby Chuc nang phat duge kich

boat theo muc khdi tao mot chu trinh phat lai am thanh khi tin hieu Idi vao tren

Bang each su dung cac Idi vao dia ehi (A0-A7), hoac cac che do boat dgng

(bang each sir dung cung cac chan nhung vdi cac byte trang thai khac - chan 9

va 10 duge dat len muc cao), nhieu doan am eo the duge ghi va phat lai Phan

sau se minh boa each su dung RPM de ghi am va phat lai nhieu doan am thanh

2.1.2.2 He thong do

f f "* ' ' y

Thiet ke nay la su md rgng va phat trien he thong do nhiet do va do am So do

khdi he do duge mieu ta trong hinh 2 So do cd the tich hgp ca hai cam bien

nhiet do (LM35) va do 4m (HM1500 hoac HM1520) bing mot cam bien chung

la HM2500 cua cong ty Humerel

MPXA6115A

LND5 HM152Cf-

Realtime Keypad1

Enter | :

ADCO

PORTC O ADCl

ADC2 A'nVIega8535

RECD CD

Microphouj—

Speakei

Hinh 2: He thong do nhiet do, do am moi tmong

Trong ung dung nay, chuc nang do nhiet do duge thuc hien bdi cam bien

f f f f

HM2500, trong dd chan ra cua cam bien nhiet do duge ket ndi tdi chan Idi vao

ADCl cua vi dieu khien va chuc nang do do am duge thuc hien bdi Idi ra cam

Cac dae tinh chinh:

• Kich thudc nhd,

• Khdng bi anh hudng khi bi nude te vao,

• Cd the thay ddi ma khdng can tien hanh hieu chinh them,

• Do tm cay cao va cd do on dinh trong thdi gian dai,

• Cd the do do 4m tu 0 d§n 100% RH,

• Do am duge dinh chuan vdi do chinh xac ±2% RH d 55% RH,

• Do nhiet do bang nhiet trd NTC 10 kQ vdi Idi ra true tiep

• Ngudn nudi cd the thay ddi trong dai rgng tu 3 den 10 V

• Cam bien do am cd do ben cao vdi cac chat, thdi gian dap ung nhanh

phat sdng vd tuyen, cac dgng ca chdi quet, v v vi cac day ndi eiia nd ed the trd

thanh cac angten thu va cac Idp tiep giap ban dan ben trong cua nd ed the boat

t f f f

dgng nhu cac bg chinh luu De dat duge cac ket qua tdt nhat trong cac trudng

y f y f

hgp nhu vay, mot tu Igc ngudn ndi tu ngudn nudi tdi dat va mot bg lam nhut RC

ndi tiep (chang ban, R = 75Q, C = l|iF) tir Idi ra tdi dat thudng duge su dung

nhu duge chi ra trong hinh 2

t • > A Mot do phan giai theo do am 0,2% RH cd the dat duge bang each su dung

mot A/D 10 bit nhu A/D eiia vi di^u khiln ATMega8535

D I ung dung RPM vao trong he thdng do, nd duge hieu chinh de cd kha

nang ghi cac mau gigng ndi theo dinh dang tep Cho vi du, de thdng bao nhiet do

do duge trong ung dung nay, Idi dgc cua sd va cau "Nhiet do bay gid la", va "do

C" can duge ghi am Sau dd td hgp cua nhirng am nay cho phep thdng bao ra cac

k^t qua mong mudn, chang han nhu: "Nhiet do bay gid la 23 do C"

2.1.3 Ket qua va ban luan

Ban mach cua he do sau khi lap rap duge chi ra (tuong tu) niiir trong hinh 4

Hinh 4: Ban mach cua he do

Dir bao thoi tiet dan gian: Bang each bd sung them cam bien ap suat va lap

cung duge thdng bao bang gigng ndi tieng Viet

Ket luan: Day la mot trong nhieu ung dung cua mddun RPM ket hgp vdi mot vi

dieu khien va cac cam bien trong cac he thdng do ludng de thdng bao ket qua

bang gigng ndi Thiet ke nay ed the duge sir dung nhu la mot vi du tham khao

cho viec phat trien cac ung dung do ludng va dieu khien phuc tap hon nhu cac

2.2 TICH HQfP CHIP CHUYEN DUNG VAO CAC

HE THONG DO NHIEU M A N HIEN THI

Do cac bg dieu khien hien thi thudng gidng nhau ve mat cau true nen trong

trudng hgp nay ta cd the ap dung phuang phap lap trinh theo kieu mddun va

ngon ngu lap trinh la VHDL nhu da md ta d phan dau Trong phan nay, chung

trang" duge lira ehgn

2.2.2 Phan thirc nghiem va cac ket qua

De ed duge cac chip vdi cac tinh nang can ed, qua trinh thiet ke va thuc hien

duge tien hanh theo 2 bude ca ban:

• Viet phan mem mo ta boat dgng thuc su cua mach dien can thiet ke bang

ngon ngir VHDL

• Soat l6i, dich va nap chuong trinh vao chip

2.2.2.1 Viet phdn mem vd nap vao chip Xilinx

Trong khuon kho de tai, ed 4 modun da duge thiet ke va thir nghiem, eu the

la:

1- Bg dem Johnson

2- Bg dem nhi phan

3- Bg giai ma BCD ra ma 7 doan

4- Bg dem Johnson va giai ma thap phan

5- Bg hien thi nhi^u man hien thi

Cac modun nay da duge mo ta bang ngon ngu VHDL theo cac luu do thuat toan

tren eac trang sau: | ^^, -^c ^ ;.: o> * •N.O

Dout( 7 downto 1) <= Dout( 6 downto 0)

Dout(0)<= notdout(7)

Ket thuc Process

Chu thich: CIK : cong Idi vao xung nhip

Dout: Cong Idi ra bg dem 8 bit

2) Bo dem nhi phan : trong lim do nay thiet ke bo dem nhi phan 8 bit, viec

tang s6' bit chi doi hoi tang them so lirong loi ra va van de nay giai quyet bang phan mem ttrong doi don gian Van de chi la chip duac sir dung c6 du

so chan de gan thanh cac loi ra hay khong!

Dout <= Dout + 1

^ f

/ \

Ket thuc Process

Chu thich

Clk : loi vao xung nhip Dout: loi ra bo dem 8 bit

3) Bo giai ma BCD ra ma 7 doan

Bat d^u ')

Khai bao c6ng vao/ra:

Clk: in std_logic;

Din: in sld_logic_vecior(3 downto 0);

Dout :inout std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));

-2

3 4

-5 -6

- 7 8 9

" A

- B C D E

" F

=>null; ra<="110()00()0";

I

Ka't thuc Process

4) Bo dem Johnson va giai ma thap phan

Bit dau ^

i

Khai bio c6ng vao/ra:

Clk: in std_logic;

Dout :inout std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));

Dir :in std_logic

Dout( 7 downto 1) <= dout( 6 downto 0)

Ket thuc Process

Toi uu boa phan mem

Mot chi tieu ludn duge chu y den trong qua trinh soan thao va soat Idi phan

y 1 f t

mem VHDL la giam thieu vung bi chiem tren chip, eo nhu vay mdi ed the tich

hgp mot lugng Idn cac cdng Idgic tren mot chip Sau mdi Ian dich ty le vung bi

f f y t

chiem ludn duge xem xet, nhd vay tat ca cac md dun deu ed the tich hgp len

chip XC9536 (chi chua 36 d macro)

2.2.2.2 Xay dtmg cdc mach kiem chimg

Sau khi chuong trinh da duge soan thao, duge chay thu va loai bd cac I6i thi

ed the chuyen sang bude nap phdn mem vao chip V6 nguyen tac, sau khi duge

nap chip se duge gan chufc nang va "dat ten" dung nhu ndi dung da duge mo ta

khi thiet ke Tuy vay viec kiem tra lai hay nhu thudng ndi la kiem chung van la

ein thiet, qua dd khang dinh chang ban xem bg giai ma da dung la bg giai ma

chua va qua trinh boat dgng ed lam xuat hien Idi khdng, Trong khuon kho cua

de tai nghien cuu, cac mach kiem chung cho timg trudng hgp deu da duge thiet

ke va lap rap, cho dd thdi gian danh cho cdng viec nay dai khong kem phan thiet

ke luu do va viet chuong trinh da neu d tren

Bp giai md BCD sang 7 thanh

De minh chung tinh diing dan va kha nang boat dgng cua bg giai ma BCD

sang 7 thanh mot bg dem nhi phan 4 bit va giai ma BCD sang 7 thanh da duge

tich hgp tren cung mot chip Xilinx Tren mach dien minh boa, chip duge ndi vdi

mot LED 7 thanh (ddng vai trd hien thi ket qua) va mot bg tao xung nhip cap

cho bg dem dung vi mach djnh thdi gian NE555P Loi ra eiia bg tao xung

NE555P duge ndi true tiep tdi chan clock GCKl (chan 5) cua chip XilTn

XC9536 Cac dien trd va tu dien diing vdi NE555 duge lua ehgn de xung nhip

ed tan sd 22 Hz (dii de ket qua hien thj khong bi nha'p nhay !)

Viec nap chuang trinh vao chip duge thuc hien thong qua cap JTag (theo

chuan JTAG !) va phan mem cdng cu Xilinx ISE Viec nap chuang trinh cho mot

chip Xilinx bat ky (trong trudng hgp nay su dung chip XC9536) ed the tien hanh

ngay ca khi chip dang duge gan tren mot ban mach ung dung Cap Jtag cho phep

lap trinh, kidm tra, xoa va kiem tra chuc nang cua cac chip Xilinx XC9536

So do nguyen ly cua mach kiem chung da thiet ke duge mo ta tren hinh 6

TCKcf-10

10

10 lO/GSR

//m/i 6: So do nguyen t^c ciia mach dien minh chung kha nang

boat dong cua chip giai ma BCD sang 7 thanh

i '^ m^ -^'-s^

Hinh 7: Ban mach minh chumg kha nang boat dong cua chip giai

ma BCD sang 7 thanh

.Mach dien sau khi lap rap va di^u chinh duge ehi ra tren hinh 7 Ta ed the d6 dang nhan tha'y chip Xilinx nam d chinh giiia eiia mach

Phia b6n trai la vi mach NE555 duge dung de tao xung dem Phia ben phai la mdt LED 7 thanh hien thi ket qua dem sd xung da dua vao chip Xilinx Vi bg dem nhi phan duge thiet ke d day la bg dem nhi phan 4 bit, nen ket qua hien thi

tr6n LED 7 thanh se la t\i 0 den 15, trong dd t\i 0 den 9 la dudi dang chir sd edn

tiir 10 den 16 la dudi dang ehi? cai: a, b, e, d, E, F

Bo dem Johnson vd giai md thap phdn

Ban mach minh chiing duge mieu ta d day la mot cdng cu minh boa cho kha nang lap trinh trong he thdng (tiie kha nang thay doi chuang trinh cho chip ngay

trong ban mach ung dung ma khdng ein phai thao chip va dung mot ban mach

nap chuyen dung)

Mo td thiet ke

Thiet ke thuc hien mot bg dem Johnson 8 bit Loi ra eiia bg dem di6u khien 8

LED cho phep quan sat tinh trang boat dgng eiia bg dem Mot vi mach dinh thdi gian NE555 duge sir dung de tao xung nhip cap cho bg dem Loi ra eiia bg tao xung NE555 duge ndi true tiep tdi chan clock CLKl (chan 5) eiia chip Xilinx (d day la XC9536) Cac dien trd va tu dien trong mach tao xung NE555 cung duge lua ehgn de tao ra xung ed tan sd 22 Hz Chuang trinh ciing duge nap vao chip thdng qua cap JTag gidng nhu d trudng hgp tren So do nguyen ly eiia bg dem Jonson duge chi ra trong hinh 8

I r i p-i ^ o o

!

lO-CTSl ICWTTO

Mach di6n sau khi lap rap va di6u chinh duge ehi ra tren hinh 8

< ? j ^ « « » - t - ^ ' > ^ r ^ ' B ' > f « t * - ^ ^ f ^ '

* ^ & > i i

Hinh 9: Mach dien minh chumg kha nang boat dong cua chip bo dem Johnson

Ve ca ban thi mach dien nay ehi khac mach d hinh 9 la mot day 8 LED dan

da thay the cho LED 7 thanh Khi bat dien cac LED se Ian lugt sang phu hgp vdi

gian do thdi gian d cac idi ra cua bg dem Johnson

Theo thiet ke truyen thdng thi he thdng do tren day se bao gom 5 cam bien

' 3

T

LED 2 Nhdp 5

Cam biSn nhiet do duge sii dung la loai NTC833 (do -400C den lOOoC),

ca khdi khuech dai va bien ddi tuong tu sd Do vay, chip PSoC CY8C27443 da

duge lira ehgn Cdng cu PSoC Designer cua Cypress cho phep tir cac tai nguyen

1^ I I I f r t

CO san thiet lap cac bd khuech dai cd he sd khuech dai dat duge va bd bien ddi

AD tuong tu-sd vdi do phan giai dat duge Do viec hien thi nhiet do va do am

y I f

chi can den 3 con sd (digit) nen do phan giai trong trudng hgp nay duge dat la

10 bit Chip PSoC duge lap trinh bang Assembly de thuc hien vai tro cua mdt vi

vao trong chip CPLD Cu the la:

- Bd dem Johnson cho khdi quet ddng

9 la dudi dang chir sd edn tir 10 den 16 la dudi dang chir cai: A, b, c, d, E, F

Phuang phap tich hgp bd giai ma BCD duge md rgng cho cac khdi edn lai,

cudi ciing toan bd he thdng do ludng vat ly duge thu ggn nhu tren hinh 11 (trang

sau)

2.2.3 Cac ket qua va ban luan

Nhd tich hgp hai chip chuyen dung PSoC CY8C27443 cua Cypress va

f t

XC9536 cua Xilinx ma he thdng do nhiet do va do am trd nen cue ky don gian

v^ mat phan cung, trong khi thiet ke tren cac vi mach rieng re phai c4n den mot dien tich ban mach Ion g4p 3-4 Ian, vai cac duang dan phuc tap

Su hoat dong cua cac mach dien thu nghiem cho th4y cac chip duge dinh cau hinh bang chuang trinh hoat dgng dung chuc nang ciia mot chip chuyen dung thuc su

Viec dat lai cau hinh bang phan mim cho phep cac chip c6 th8 thay ddi

da xay dung xong mdt he thdng mau (prototype) thi viec nhan ban cho cac img dung khac trd nen don gian

^•JfH-iMttf-t^Si^i^

Hinh J J: Toan bo he thong do Ivt&ng sau khi tich hop cac khoi

chirc nang vao trong hai chip

Ket ludn: Til eac chip mang dae tinh eiia mot sd mddun sd eo ban, cac mach

kiem ehutig da duge lap rap Hoat dgng eiia hai mach dien trong hinh 7 va 9

duge the hien qua tinh trang sang tdi eiia cac LED hoan toan phii hgp vdi dae

tinh cua mach da thiet ke chung td la hai chip da duge gan eac chufc nang phii hgp bang phdn mem viet bang ngon ngir VHDL

Cac modun phan m^m da duge viet trong khuon kho eiia de tai nay hoan toan ed the duge nap vao trong mot chip khac ed chuc nang phuc tap han va hoat dgng nhu mot bg phan eau thanh he thdng mdi Nhd vay viec thiet ke va tri^n khai eac img dung ve sau se tiet kiem duge nhieu thdi gian ban

2.3 THIET KE VA TICH HOP CAC CHIP FPGA/PLD VAO

• • •

2.3.1 Cac birdc thirc hien mot project tren FPGA

I I y y

Trong thiet ke phan cimg bang ngon ngir (HDL: Hardware Desciption

Language) ngoai each diing cac ngon ngu md ta phan cimg nhu ABEL, VHDL

hoac Verilog, con cd mdt phuang phap kha tien dung, dd la su dung ky thuat

tim khdng thay thanh phan can thiet cho thiet ke cua minh thi ed the tu tao ra no

bang each diing cac thanh phan trong thu vien de xay dung nen hoac diing cac

ngon ngir da ndi tren de md ta chiing rdi luu trir lai LTu diem ciia phuang phap

nd ddi bdi ngudi thiet ke phai nam rd eau tnie cua he thdng phan cimg can thiet

ke Trong khi van de nay trd nen don gian hon neu diing ngdn ngu de md ta, bdi

> f I f f y f y

vi nd khdng yeu cau ngudi thiet ke biet chi tiet hoac tudng tan ve eau tnie phan

cung, ma ehi yeu cau ngudi thiet ke nam duge nguyen ly boat ddng cua no, thong

qua bang chan ly la da ed the md ta duge nd rdi Nhung phuang phap diing ngdn

t f f f

ngir md ta cung cd nhuge diem la thudng rat tdn tai nguyen eiia chip, bdi eau triic

ben trong he thdng duge ngudi diing md ta se duge phan mem thiet ke tu dong

e4u tnie (dat c^u hinh) thdng qua cau lenh ma ngudi thiet ke da viet ra, vi vay

khdng tranh khdi sir triing lap trong viec sir dung cac phan tir (yeu td) logic (thanh

Sau day xin trinh bay rd ban phuang phap thiet ke phan cung bang do hoa,

tren ca sd sir dung phan mem thiet Maxplus2 cua Altera (My)

Giao dien ciia ciia phan mem Maxplus2 cd dang nhu sau:

MAX'^pius II Manager - d:\hieu\fpga_aiteraUrltWbkhun&

MAX+pkjsII File Assign Options Help

D : ( ^ ^y k7 i>^m3Bs m A Bii@@

' ^<

Hinh 12: Giao dien ciia ciia phan mem MaxplusZ

2.3.1.1 Tao mot project

y ^ f f t

Bude dau tien ta phai xac dinh ten ciia project thiet ke Trong eira so

Manager, tra ehgn File | Project | name de md hop thoai Sau dd danh ten ciia project

cua minh vao d Project Name, ehgn thu muc ma minh can lam viec va an OK

Hinh 13: Chi ro ten va thu- muc lam viec cua project

4.1.2 Sir dung Graphic Editor

MAX^plus II c:Vnax2workUutor1alWd1 -[yd1,g^f "GfapWpE^jtorJ

• ^ MAX-fpkjf n Fie Edt View SyirM Assign UtJRJes Opbons Wnjow Help

Graphic Editor Cua sd Graphic Editor xuat hien ben trong cua sd Manager Ta

cd the di chuyen hoac dinh lai kich thudc cua sd Graphic Editor va tang them

t t f t

kich thudc cua cOra sd Manager de eung cap them khdng gian lam viec 0 hinh

14, cua sd Graphic Editor duge cue dai boa sao cho choan bet ehd toan bo eira

sd bieu tugng duge su dung de ggi cac muc cua Graphic Editor ciing xuat hien

dgc theo eanh ben trai cua cua sd

t f f ^ 1

De thay md ta cua mdt muc ciia Graphic Editor ket hgp vdi mdi bieu tugng,

dinh vi chudt len tren bieu tugng; mot thdng bao duge hien thi gan dudi day cua

Cac bieu tugng nay duge su dung de thay

hinh cua so dd Ion hon hoac nhd hon

2.3.1.2 Dat ten cho sa do

So dd duge tao ra phai duge dat ten

Ta ehgn File | Save as de md hop pop-up

duge mieu ta d hinh 15 Thu muc ma ta da

ehgn cho project nay da duge ehgn trong

hop pop-up Graphic Editor se tao ra mot

tap tin rieng cho so do va liru tap tin trong thu muc cua project Trong hop c6

nhan File Name, ta chon VDl.gdf Ta phai su dung ten nay mot each chinh xac

Ten VDI phai phu hgrp vai ten ciia project va ph4n ma rong la gdf, chii vilt tit

ciia graphic design file (tap tin thiet ke do hoa), phai duac su dung cho tat ca cac

y I t y

so do Nhap OK de trd ve Graphic Editor

2.3.1.3 Nhdp vdo cdc ky hieu cong

logic

Graphic Editor cung cap vai

thu vien chiia cac phan tur mach, cac

^ t

phan tii nay cd the duge nhap vao

trong so dd Vdi thi du dan gian eila

ta, ta se sii dung thu vien cd ten la

Primitives, thu vien nay chiia cac

t t

cdng logic CO ban De truy cap thu

I

vien, ta nhap ddi chudt vao khoang

trong d giira man hinh Graphic

Editor de md hop pop-up d hinh 16

(each khac de md hop nay la ehgn

Symbol | Enter Symbol)

Hop cd nhan Symbol Libraries

; c:\maxplus2\max2lib\mega_lpm

Directory is: c:\max2work\tutorial Symbol Files: Directories:

| ^ c : \ p=> max2work

Drives c:

Bat ky ky hieu nao trong so dd cd the duge ehgn bang each sir dung chuot

Ta dinh vj con trd chudt len tren ky hieu cdng AND trong so dd va nhap chuot

de ehgn Ky hieu se duge ndi len mau dd De di chuyen mot ky hieu, ta ehgn ky

hieu va trong khi van tiep tuc giir niit chudt, ta re (drag) chudt de di chuyen ky

hieu De de dang dinh vi tri eiia mdt ky hieu dd hoa, mdt mang dudng hudng

dan ke d cd the duge hien thi trong cua so Graphic Editor bang each chon

Option/ShowGuideline Khoang each giira cac dudng cd the duge hieu chinh

bang each sii dung Option/ Guideline Spacing

WAX+plus II c:\maK2wDrkttutoriaI\vd1 -[vd1,gdf-Graphic Editor]

^ MAX+phjs n Fie Edt View Symbol Assign Utities Options Window Help

Hinh 17: Scr do hoan tat tirag phan tir

Ham logic yeu cau cdng AND 2 - ngd vao thir hai, mdt cdng OR 2 - ngo

t ''

vao va mdt cdng NOT Ta su dung cac bude sau day de nhap chiing vao trong so

do

t t

Dinh vj con trd chudt tren ky hieu cdng AND ma ta da nhap vao, an giir

phim Ctrl cua ban phim, nhap va re chudt ra khdi ky hieu cdng AND Graphic

Editor tu ddng sao chep ky hieu cdng AND Thii tuc tat (shortcut) nay cho ta

sao chep mdt phan tii mach mdt each thuan Igi khi ta can nhieu ban sao eiia

cimg mdt phan tu trong so dd DT nhien mdt phuang phap khac la nhap vao timg

trudng hgp cua phan tu bang each md thu vien Primitives nhu duge md ta nhu

tren

Ta nhap ky hieu cdng OR va cdng NOT vdi ciing phuang phap da md ta

khi nhap ky hieu cdng AND De tim cac cong eo ban , ta sir dung thanh cugn

n f ""

(scrol bar) de cugn xudng danh sach cac ky hieu cdng va tim ky hieu ten or2 va

not D I dinh hudng cdng NOT sao cho cdng nay hudng xudng ta chon ky hieu

cdng NOT va k^ den sii dung lenh Edit/Rotate/270 de quay ky hieu nay 270 do

nguge chieu kim ddng hd

Cac ky hieu trong so dd cd the duge di chuyen bang each ehgn chiing va re

ky hieu duge ehgn se duge di chuyen ciing nhau bang each nhap chudt tren bat

ky ky hieu nao trong chiing va di chuyen Ta nen thir nghiem vdi thii tuc nay Ta

sap xep cac ky hieu sao cho so dd xuat hien gidng nhu so do d hinh 17

2.3.1.4 Nhap cdc ky hieu ngo vdo vd ngd ra

Den day cac ky hieu cdng logic da duge dua vao, ta can nhap cac ky hieu

de bieu dien cac port ngd vao va ngd ra ciia mach Ta md thu vien Primitives Ian

nira

Ta nhap chudt bat cii noi nao trong hop cd nhan Symbol Files va ke den go

ky tu "i" de nhay qua danh sach ky hieu den danh sach eac ten bat dau bang chir

vien Primitives va nhap ky hieu cd ten la output Sap xep cac ky hieu nhu duge

minh boa dhinh 17

2.3.1.5 Gdn ten cho cdc ky hieu ngo vdo vd ngo ra

Ta ehd den chir PIN_NAME tren ky hieu chan ngd vao d gdc trai tren ciia

S I

so dd va nhap ddi chudt Ten cua chan duge ehgn, cho phep ta go vao ten mdi

cua chan Ta go xl lam ten ciia chan nay Viec go phim Enter ngay sau khi go

t f f

ten chan lam cho chudt tap trung di chuyen den chan mdt each true tiep ben dudi

chan dang duge dat ra Phuang phap nay ed the duge su dung de dat ten mot sd

bat ky eac chan Ta gan cac ten x2 va x3 cho eac chan ngd vao d dudi theo thir

f

tu Sau ciing ta gan ten f cho chan ngd ra

2.3.1.6 Noi day cdc niit

Bude ke tiep la cac dudng (eac day) de ndi cac ky hieu trong so dd vdi

nhau Ta nhap chudt tren bieu tugng trong gidng dau mui ten dgc theo eanh trai

eiia eira so Manager Bieu tugng nay duge ggi la cong cu Selection, cho phep

Graphic Editor tu dgng thay doi giira eac che do lira ehgn mot ky hieu tren man

hinh hoac cac day den cac ky hieu ket ndi Che do thich hgp duge ehgn phu thudc vao vj tri chudt dang trd den

Di chuyen eon trd chuot len ky hieu ngd vao xl Con trd chuot xuat hien dudi dang dSu miii t6n khi trd vao ba't eii nai nao tren bieu tugng ngoai trii d eanh ben phai DSu miii ten ed nghia la ky hieu se duge lua ehgn neu niit chudt duge

an Ta di chuyen chudt trd den dudng nhd, ggi la pinstub, tren eanh phai eiia ky hieu ngd vao x l Con trd chudt thay doi thay doi thanh mot crosshair, cho phep mot day duge ve de ndi pinstub den mot vi tri khac tren so dd Mot ket ndi giQa hai hay nhieu pinstub trong sa do duge ggi la mot niit (node) Ten nay xuat phat tir thuat ngir ve dien, trong dd thuat ngii niit tham chieu den mdt sd diem bat ky trong mot mach duge ket ndi vdi nhau bang cac day va do vay ed ciing mot dien

ap

Ta ndi ky hieu ngd vao eiia xl den cong AND d phia tren ciia so dd nhu sau Trong khi chudt dang trd tdi pinstub ky hieu xl, ta nhap va giu niit chudt

Re chudt vi phia ben phai cho den khi dudng (day) duge ve dat den pinstub tren

ngd vao cua cong AND; ke den nha niit chudt Hai pinstub da duge ket ndi va bieu di6n mdt niit dan tren mach

ii« MAXtplus II -c:Vnax2workUutorial\vdT -rvdl.eiif^'Crdphic

Ldttorl-* ^ MAX+plus II File Edit View Symbol Assign Utilities Options Window Help

Ta sir dung cimg thu tuc de ve mdt day tir pinstub tren ky hieu ngd vao x2 defn ngo vao khac tr6n cong AND Ke den ve mot day tir pinstub tren ngd vao

cua c6ng NOT ve phia tren cho den khi dat den day dang ndi x2 vdi cong AND

Nha nut chudt va quan sat thay ed mot diem ndi duge tu ddng ve Ba pinstub tuong ling vdi ky hieu ngd vao x2, ngd vao cong AND va ngd vao cong NOT liie nay bi^u di6n mot niit dan trong mach

Di hoan tat sa dd, ta ndi ngd ra eiia cong NOT vdi cong AND phia dudi va

ndi ky hieu ngd vao cua x3 den eung cong AND dd Ta ndi cac ngd ra cua 2 e6ng AND vdi cong OR va ndi cong OR vdi ky hieu ngd ra f Neu cd bat ky Idi nao duge tao ra trong khi bet ket ndi cac ky hieu, eac day bi nham cd the duge ehgn bang chudt va den loai bd bang each gd phimDelete hoac bang each ehgn Edit/Delete Sa do hoan tat duge md ta d hinh 18 Ta luu sa dd nay bang each sir dung File/Save

Do thi du cua ta ra't dan gian, ta di dang ve tat ca eac day trong mach ma

khdng tao ra mdt sa do hdn don Tuy nhien, trong cac sa dd Idn mot sd nut can duge ket ndi ed the tach xa nhau, trong trudng hgp nay that bat tien de ve cac day giiJa chiing Trong eac trudng hgp nhu vay, cac niit duge ket ndi bang each gan cac nhan cho chiing thay vi ta ve cac day

2.3,2 Tong hgp mach tir sa do

Sau khi mot so dd da duge dua vao trong mot he thdng CAD, sa dd nay duge xir ly bang cac tong hgp ban dau Cac cdng nay phan tich so do tao ra mot phuang trinh logic cho mdi ham logic trong mach trong MAX + PLUS II, eac cdng cu tong hgp duge dieu khien bdi chuong trinh umg dung duge ggi la Compiler

Sit dung Compiler

De md eira so Compiler, ta nhap chudt tren bieu tugng Compiler hoac ehgn MAXPLUSIII Compiler

Vdi hudng dan nay ta se ehi sir dung eac cdng cu duge can den de cho phep

ta thuc hien mot md phong ehiic nang ciia sa dd De ra lenh cho Compiler sir dung cac cdng cu nay, ta ehgn Processing I Functinal SNF Etractor Cira sd Compiler se xuat hien nhu duge trinh bay trong hinh 19 Modul Compiler Netlist Extractorr va Database Builder bieu thi cac cdng cu tong hgp ban dau

M6-dun CO t6n la Functional SNF Extractor se tao ra mot tap tin, duac gpi la tap tin netlist ciia trinh mo phong SNF (simulator netlist file), tap tin nay mo ta chuc nang ciia mach va duge sir dung bai trinh mo phong chuc nang

Ta nha'p chuot len nut Start trong ciia so Compiler Compiler chi ra qua trinh cua minh bang each hien thi mot thanh qua trinh mau do va bang each dua vao mot bieu tugng duofi mot mo-dun phan mem khi chiing duge thuc thi Khi Compiler ket thuc, mot cira so se duge hien thi de chi ra khong c6 cac eanh bao

va cac I6i Nha'p OK trong cua so nay de tra ve cira so Compiler

Timing SNF Assembler Extractor

cnfl

Start

Hinh 19: Man hinh cua compiler

Neu Compiler khdng ehi ra rang khdng ed eanh bao va Idi, tdi thi^u cd mot Idi da duge ra khi ta nhap ho sa Trong trudng hgp nay Compiler md mot cira so ggi la Message Processor, eira so hien thi mot thdng bao lien quan den mdi mot eanh bao hoac Idi duge tao ra Mot thi du trinh bay each thiie Message Processor

ed the duge sir dung de dinh vi nhanh va sira chiia cac Idi trong mot so do De ddng eira so Compiler, ta sir dung niit Close (ed dang X) duge dat d gdc ben phai eiia eira so nay

2.3.2.1 Thuc hien mo phong chirc ndng

Trude khi sa dd duge md phong, ta can phai tao ra cac dang sdng mong

mudn, duge ggi tat la test vectors, de bieu diin cac tin hieu ngo vao Vdi hudng

dan nay ta se sir dung Waveform Editor eiia MAX+PLUSII de ve test vectors, nhung eung ed kha nang sir dung mot trinh soan thao van ban de tao ra test vectors trong mot tap tin van ban (ASCII) dd hieu Tu lieu lien quan den ASCII

test vectors ed th^ duge md ra bang each sir dung Help MAX+PLUS II Table of Contents Ta nha'p chudt vao Simulator, ke den nhap chudt vao Basic Tools va sau cung nha'p chudt vao Vector File(vee)

2.3.2.2 Su dung Waveform Editor

Ta md cua so Waveform Editor bang each ehgn MAX+PLUS 11/ Waveform Editor.Do Waveform Editor ed nhieu cdng dung, ta can ehi rd ta mudn dua vao eac test vectors cho cac muc dich md phdng Ta ehgn File/Save As va gd (neu khdng cd san d day) vdl.sef trong hop duge danh nhan File Name Mot tap tin

ed phSn md rgng la sef se luu cac dang sdng ma ta se duge khi md phdng bang each sir dung test vectors

Ta ehgn Node/Enter Nodes from SCF de md mot hop pop-up duge trinh bay

d hinh 29 Ta nhap chudt tren niit List d gdc phai tren cua hop nay de hien thi cac ten eiia cac niit trong project hien hanh, trong hop duge danh nhan la Available Nodes & Groups Ta nhap chudt tren ten x3 de lam noi bat tren nay

Ta nha'p chudt tren niit ed nhan la ^ de sao chep x3 vao trong hop cd nhan Selected Nodes & Groups

Ta sir dung cac thu tuc nay de ehgn timg tin hieu khac va sao chep chiing vao trong hop Selected Nodes & Groups Ta ciing ed the ehgn nhi6u niit ddng thdi bang each re chudt hudng len hoac hudng xudng ben trong hop Available Nodes & Groups Nha'p OK de trd ve Waveform Editor Cac niit xl,x2,x3 va f liie nay duge trinh bay trong man hinh dang sdng

Liie nay ta se xac dinh cac gia tri logic duge sir dung cho cac tin hieu ngd vao trong thdi gian md phdng ehiie nang Cac gia tri logic d ngo ra f se tu dgng duge tao ra bdi trinh md phdng

Ta ehgn File/End Time di ehi ra tong sd thdi gian ma mach se duge md

phdng Trong hop ed nhan Time ta gd 60ns de dat thdi gian md phdng tong cdng

la 160ns Lugng thdi gian nay kha nglu nhien do bdi viec md phdng chire nang khdng bao gdm bat ky tri hoan dinh thdi nao Khai niem thdi gian md phdng se trd nen cd y nghia ban trong hudng dan phan 2, khi ma viec md phdng dinh thdi duge dua ra Nhap OK de* trd ve Waveform Editor Ta chon View I Fit in Window sao cho toan bg tam thdi gian tir 0 den 160 ns duge thay tren man hinh

Waveform Editor Trong menu Options ta dam bao rang Show Grid da duge

danh da'u kiem soat d^ ma Wavefomi Editorm hien thi cac dudng hudng dan dgc sang trong mien hien thj dang sdng Cac dudng hudng dan eung cap giiip dd bang mat de dinh vj chudt khi ve cac dang sdng ta ehgn OptionsI Grid Size va gd 20ns trong hop danh nhan Grid Size Nha'p chudt khi dang trd den bat ky dudng hudng dan nao va quan sat dudng tham chieu dgc duge ve d diem dd

Type

'M Inputs

V Outputs

All :"

Show All Node Name Synonyms

Hinh 20: Chon cac nut de mo phong

Hinh 21 trinh bay each thiie eira so Waveform Editor se xem xet diem nay,