Vietnam and thi* Flura ofVietnam prọịect, have contributed to the revitalization of plant diversity research in Vietn*m.. An e s tim a te of at least 2400 additioníil specics is expecte
Trang 1VNU JOURNAL 0F SCIENCE Ni.l1 Sci & Tech T XIX N04 2003
M A IN R K SU L T S O F IN T E R N A T IO N A L C O O P E R A T IV E R E SEA R C H
IN T H E ST U D Y O F P IA N T D ĨV E R SIT Y IN V IE T N A M , 1993-2002
J a c i n t o K e g a la d o J r
Xlisstỉuri ỉio ta n ica i (ỉa rd en , S t Louis, M issouri
D a n ie l K H a r d c r
A rb o retu m Ih ìirc rsitx o f ('cilifornỉa, S a n ta C ruz, C a lifo rn ia
N g u y ê n TÌC‘ 11 H ie p , N g u y e n T h i T h a n h H u o n g
In s titu te ()/' Ecology Ả’ B iological R esources, N C S T
L e o n id V A v e r y a n o v
K om arov B o tn n ica l Ìn s tìtư tv u f the R u ssia n A ca d em y o f Sciences
P h a n Ke Loc
College o f N a tu r a l Sciences, V N U H a n o i
In stitu te o f Ecology & B iological Resources N C S T
A b s t r a c t G re a t p ro g rt* » in b o ta n ic ỉk l e x p lo ra tio n s a n d s c ie n tiíĩc ìn v e s tìg a tio n s in th e fĩe !d <>f p la n t d ive rsitN in V ie tn a m d u r in g past decade (1 9 9 3 -2 0 0 2 ) h a v e re s u ỉte d in
n u m iT o u * Iìi?w ta x a a n d novv a d d itio n s to th e ílo ra ()f V ic tn a m T h e c o lla b o ra tív e e íĩo rts
o f th i* Vtetnam B otanical C o n sen a tio n P rogram a s c ie n tiíìc c o o p e ra tio n b e tw e e n th e
In s titu tt* o f E cology and H io lo g ica l Resources (IK B R ), V ie tn a m a n d th e M is s o u ri
B o ta n ic iìl G a rd e n (M B G ) U S A a n d o f m a n y o th e r p ro g ra m s , in c lu d in g th o Program o f
the Basic Research in Natural Sciences Vietnam and thi* Flura ofVietnam prọịect, have
contributed to the revitalization of plant diversity research in Vietn*m In the past
decade a lo n e (1 993-20 02) m o re th a n tw o h u n d re d new ta x a in c ỉu d in g t h ir te e n genera
o f h ig h e r v a s c u la r p l.in ts h a v e be en d e scrib e d 77 new re co rd s o f p la n ts h a v e been
similarly documented Thest* íìndingrt nccounted for a remarkable 3% increase in the
tlo ra S ÌK iiiíìc a n t g a in s in n u m b e rs o f new ta x a vvere m ade in th e O rch id a ce a e
M vrsinnceac* A raceae a n d K u p h o rb ia c e n e T h e m o st s p e c ta c u la r d is c o v e rie s a re th e
n e w Ken 118 a n d species o f c o n ife r iXanthỉtcyparis vietna m cnsis), n e w g e n u s a n d species
o f fe rn (Caohangia squam ata), a n d tw o new genera a n d species o f o rc h id s (Vietorchis aurea a n d Z euxinella n ctn a m íca ). T h í* V ie tn a m G o ld e n C y p re s s is th e ío u r th new
c o n iíe r ge n u s describecỉ sin ce 1948 w h ilc Caobangta 18 one o f tw o ft»rn g e n e ra re c c n tly
d e s c rib e d ; th e la s t new tV rn penera w ert* ciescribed in th e la te 1960s M o s t o f n e w ta xtt
;ind new records for the ílora of Vietnam were ĩound in norlhernmost limestone areas
a n d on h ig h g r a n ite m o u n ta in s
1 I n t r o d u r t i o n
V ietnam is ra n k e d as one of th e most biologically diverse countries in the vvorlđ and is vvidely recognized to have a globally signiíìcant proportion of ra re and enđemic species of p la n ts and anim als A n u m b e r of p relim in ary e stim a te s ()f the flor;ì (Nguyên Nghia Thin 1997; P h an Ke Loc, 1998; T hai Van T ru n g , 2000) offer figures of about 9600 native species of higher vascu lar p la n ts in Vietnam In addition, ahout 750 cultivated specics occur in Vietnam An e s tim a te of at least
2400 additioníil specics is expected to be discoverecl an d added to the flora The
63
Trang 264 ' ỉ a c i n t o R e g a la d o J r., D a n ie l K H a r d e r , N g u y en T ie n H ie p
to tal n u m b e r of n ativ e species of h ig h er vascular p la n ts known in Vietnam for the
ti me being is about 9,628 species in 2, 010 genera an d 291 fam ilies (P han Ke Loc, 1998) T h is is a re m a rk a b ly divẹrse flora for a relatively sm all country like
V ietnam T he ten la rg e st families in this flora a re O rchidaceae (897 species)
(Averyanov & Averyanova, 2003), Pabaceae s.l (557), Poaceae (467), E u phorbiaceae
(416), R ubiaceae (395), C yperaceae (304), A steraceae (291), L au raceae (245), Pagaceae (211) and A canthaceae (177) (Phan Ke Loc, 1998)
T he flora of V ietnam is not only large, but also rich in endem ic species, adding
to its significance The proportion of endemics has been variously recorded, ranging from 20 p ercen t (Pocs Tomas, 1965) to as high as 27.7 p ercen t (Thai van T rung, 2000) A more conserv ativ e e s tim a te suggests t h a t ab o u t 10% of species and 3% of
g en era in th is flora a re endem ic to V ietnam (Vo Quy, 1995) Among 291 v a sc u la r
p lan t íam ilies re p o rte d for V ietnam th e highest levels of en d em ism a re observed in
th e íam ilies A canthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Araceae,
A recaceae, A sclepiadaceae C elastraceae, Ericaceae, E uphorbiaceae, Fagaceae,
M yrsinaceae, Rubiaceae, S apindaceae, Sapotaceae, Symplocaceae, Theaceae and
Z ingiberaceae (Schmid, 1974; T a k h ta ja n , 1986; Rundel, 1999) A recent inventory of
th e orchid species in V ietnam places endemicity of th e family a t 20% (Averyanov &
A veryanova, 2003)
2 P r e v i o u s s t u d ỉ e s o n t h e f l o r a o f V i e t n a m
O u r u n d e r s ta n d in g of the flora of Viet Nam, albeit incomplete, is a ttr ib u te d to several fu n d a m e n ta l taxonom ic publications, such as "Klora Cochinchinensis" (Loureiro, 1790, 1793), ”Flore Gộnộrale de r Indo-C hine” (Lecomte & H um bert (eds.), 1907-1951), "Klore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viet-Nam" (Aubrộville, Leroy
& M orat (eds.), 1960-2001), "An illu strated flora of V ietnam " (Pham H oang Ho 1991-1993, 1999-2000), "V ascular p lan t synopsis of V ietnam ese fIora" (Averyanov,
et al 1990, 1996) a n d a n u m b e r of large recent Horistic a n d taxonomic studies
A nalyses of th e sv stem atic s tr u c tu r e of the flora have been done by P han Ke Loc (1998) a n d Le T ra n C h a n (1999)
Tho flora of V ietnam is being vvritten in French, as p a r t of the regional ílora
FIore d u C am bodge, d u L a o s et d u V iet N a m, b u t the p rogress h a s been slow From 1960*2001, it h a s published seventy-four faniilies, which comprised only 26% (74/291) of tho total n u m b e r of íam ilies in V ietnam Most m ajor groups have not been revised, including A canthaceae, A steraceae, C yperaccae, Euphorbiacae, Kricaceae, Kagaceae, Lam iaceae Lauraceae, Moraceae, O rchidaceae, Poaceae,
P terid o p h y ta , Hubiaceae, U rticaceae, and Zingiberaceae
P e rh a p s Loureiro g a th e re d the íirst collections of h e rb a riu m specim ens in
V ietnam beíore 1790 Mostly French collectors, such a s Balansa, Chevalier,
E b e rh a rd t H a rm a n d , Pộtelot, Pierre, Schmiđ, ThoreK Vidal, and especially Poilane, collected a m ajority of th e e x ta n t specimens d uring the íirst four decades of th e past cen tu ry E s tim a te s of th e n u m b e r of collections made by th e s e b o tan ists is around 75.000 with a m ajoritv of the specimens deposited in th e h e rb a riu m a t the
Trang 3M a ir t r e s u ỉts o f i n t c n t u t ì n n a ỉ <o o p v r a t i ỉ e ỉ esearch in thc.
Laboratoiri/ (it* PhanọroỊMmu* Musộunì National (1’Histoire Niiturtílk* in p.iris (ỉ*) and s c v rra l thousaiầíls (luplh lU*1- kopt in H erharia of Institutí* of Tropical liiology, NCST in Ho Chi Minh <’ii\ (ỈỈM) cind the D epartm ent ot Bot.any of tho Vietnnm National lJnivi»rsity in Híinoi (HNƯ)
3 I n t e r n a t i o n a l c o o p e r a t i v o a c t i v i t i e s
Afu*r 19-ỉ") Y ietnam has ỉíuen rarkéci hy conỉinuous w arfare T h ere h as bcrn littlr botanieal exploration in the country since the French colonial times Atti T the sweeping economic rrtn rm s in the 19S)0s V ietnam ese b o ta n ists ha ve so u g h t larger fort*ign trrh n ic a l assist;m ce and h av e mo re actively collaborated vviih th(*ir collragues abroad in the stiuiy of V ie tn a m s flora I n te rn a tio n a l cooperative
a g re e m e n ts vvere mađe with tho follo\ving institutions: Missouri B otanical G arden (U s A.) Komarov Botanical Instituti.* (Kussia), Royal Botanic (ìarcỉons, Kew (U.K.)
N ational H erbarium of Nevv South VVales (Australia) Singapore Botanic (ỉa rd e n s
(Sin ga por V) K u n m i n g Bo ta n i ca I III s ti t u te (c hi n a), a n d w i t h i n t e r n a t i on a I conservation o rg a n i/a tio n s vvorking in Vietnam, namely In te rn a tio n a l Union íor
t h o C o n s e r v a t i o n o f ’ N a t i ằ ì v ( Ĩ U C N ) VVo r lđ VVildliíV* P u n d f o r N a t u r e ( W V V F ) , a n d the Kauna and Klora In te rn a tio n a l (FFI)
3 1 M B G -IE B R V ie tn a m b o ta n ic a l c o n s e r v a tio n p r o g r a m
The Missuuri Botanieal Gnrđen (MBG) has collaborated vvith the I n s titu te of Kcoiogv and Biological Resources (IKBR) since 1994» when the two in s titu tio n s signed a M em orandum of ư n d e r s ta n đ in g for m utual scientifỉc eooperation Several MIUi b o ta n ists bogaiì coiltìcting in Vietnam a ítc r 1994, and in 1998 th e Missouri Itotaniial (iarđ en and the American Museum of N a tu ra l History receiveđ a g ra n t
í rom the N ational Science Kouncỉation to inventory the ílora a n d ía u n a of
t h m it e n c d protectod a re a s in Vietnam 1 n 1999 the Missouri lìótanical (ía rd e n ('stablishod an olTirr in Hanoi and hẹgan to collaborate with scientific in s titu tio n s
collỉibnmtintf partni.Ts in tiu* program now inciudẹ the lnstituti* M a te ria Mcđicíi (IMM) the D ep artm en t of lỉutany of thi' Vietnam N ational U niversity, Hanoi (VNƯ) and the Forest Inventory an d Planning In s titu te (FIPI) Thè program is currcntly carrving out an in teg rated project involving e le m e n ts of botanical research in p la n t diversity, train in g , and conservation u n d e r a g r a n t from the Henrv I.uce Foundation Tlìis m ulti-tiered tra in in g program provides hands-on tra in in g in botanical rield collccting, d a ta recording plant id en tiíicatio n and curatorinl techniques for park rangors emploved in protẹcted a re a s an d n ational parks, technical s ta ff m em bers <)f p a r tn e r institu tio n s and u ạ iv e rsitv stu d e n ts
3.2 B a s ic r e s e a r c h in n a t u r a l s c ie n c e s , V ie tn a m
There are somo g ra n ts for the investigation of th r e a te n e d cycads an d coniíers of Vietnam , and for the stu d \' of plant diversity of some p ro tected a r e a s an d national parks
Trang 4J a c ỉ n t o R e g a ỉa d o J r f D a n ie l K H a r d e r , N g u y e n Tie n H ie p
3.3 Flora o f V ietnam project
R ecently the first four volumes: Annonaceae (Nguyen Tien Ban, 2000),
p re p a ra tio n of th e se volumes an d for the forthcoming ones, m a n y of th e specim ens collected by V ietnam Botanical C onservation Program have been stu d ie d and cited
4 S c i e n t i í i c c o n t r i b u t i o n s o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o o p e r a t i v e r c s e a c h
4.1 New herbarium collections
T he I n te rn a tio n a l cooperative researeh activities h av e g e n e ra te d new specim ens u sin g modern d a ta collection methods and have c o n trib u te d signiíicantly
to our know ledge of the rich flora of Vietnam Over the p a st ten y e a rs , in te rn a tio n a l
b otanical te a m s conducted surveys in 80 sites in 22 provinces More th a n 15,700 collection n u m b e rs vvith about 78,500 duplicate specimens were collected Main p a rt
of collections have been kept in th e H erb ariu m of th e I n s t i t u t e of Ecology and Biological Resources (HN), o th e r duplicates were d is trib u te d to vvell knovvn botanical in s titu tio n s in the U nited S ta te s (MO) R ussia (LE), etc
4.2 In crea sed publications a n d in fo rm a tio n d issem in a tio n
A survey of the botanical lite ra tu re , using the Online version of the Kew Records of Taxonomic Literature (http://www.rbgkevv.org.uk/kr/KRHomeExt.html), showed a d ra m a tic increase in th e n u m b e r of publications on th e V ietnam flora in
m id-1990’s w hen th e In te rn a tio n a l cooperative activities took place (Figure),
35
30
I 25 0
Qỉ
u ^ r ^ ơ ^ T c ọ i n N Ợ ) ’« c o i n h a > T
-r “ r - r - r * r - T " T " r “ T - T - T - r * T — ( N J
Yéar
F igure 1 Rate of publications on Vietnam flora from 1975-2002.
Trang 54.3 ỉm proved rescarch capacitv o f Vietnamese ỉn stitu tio n s
As p a rt of the goal of improving th e research capacity of botanical in s titu tiò n s
in V ietnam , th<* cooperative projects have p u rc h a se d h e rb a riu m e q u ip m e n t and supplies such as h e rb a riu m cases, p lant presses and dryers, dissecting scopes, a ir conditioners, and com puters A reĩerence library has been c re a te d by p u rc h a sin g
•ỉticl d o n a tin g books and photocopving journal articles In o rd e r to im prove tho teehnical c ap a ci tv , SOĨÌH* j u n i o r scÌLMitist-s hav e been ab le to a t t e n d t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s hcld in K unm in^ ((Mìinỉi) and Singapore and to p u rs u e g ra d u a te stucỉies in St
P e te rsb u rg (Russia) and St Louis (U.S.A.)
4.4 C o n trib u ted to biodiversity conserưation stra te g ie s in V ietnam
Botanical research h a s provided prim ary, up-to-date, a n d tr u s tw o r th y d a ta
th at íormed th e scientific hasis for the conservation efforts of ra re a n d e n d a n g e re d
p lant species in V ietnam New plant discoveries have been used as a b asis for in situ conservation in n a tu r e reserves w here th e se p la n ts have been found Among the notable exam ples of th ese are in Bat Dai Son (set aside for thí* protection of conifer a n d orchid species, p articu larly th e new coniíer, X a n th o c y p a r is
v ie tn a m e n s ìs ), in Van Ban* Lao Cai (vvhere T a iiva n ia c ryp to m e rio id es was íìrst
recorded in Vietnam), and in Halong Bay Worlđ Heritage Si te (Cycas iropophylla,
L iv isto n a h a lo n g e n sis and several new species for Science) T he scientiíic d a ta were
also usecỉ to ev aluat.0 the conservation sta tu s of m any th re a tc n e d taxa in Vietnam and to su p p le m e n t the Red Data Book of V ietnam for plan ts Finally, botanical research h a s providữd new inform ation for th e Appendix for CITES, Decision of
G overnm ent re la te d to th r e a te n e d species th a t a re e ss e n tia l in o rd er to effectively control in te rn a tio n a l tra d e conforming to CITES and to im plem ent s tr a te g ie s for the s u s ta in a b le u tili/a tio n of p lant diversity in Vietnani
4.5 Neiv discoveries
Only a few of collected specimens was thoroughly stu d ied but th e
I n t e r n a t i o n a l coop erat ive efforts h a v e r e s u l te d in n u m e r o u s a n d e x c i ti n g p l a n t discoveries T h irte e n new gen era (Table 1 ) and 216 new species were described from 1993-2003, including 77 new recorđs for th e flora of V ietnam Two families,
N artheciaceae and Coriariaceae, were found new to V ietnam ílora (Regalado, et a l.t
2003) T hese discoveries added 293 species to the flora of V ietnam , c o n trib u tin g to 3% (293/10,000) increase in the flora (Table 2) S ig n iíican t g ain s in n u m b e rs of new taxa were m ade in th e O rchidaceae (63 species), M yrsinaceae (34 species), A raceae (27 species), and E uphorbiaceae (15 species) Detailed lists of all new ta x a for Science an d /o r new điscoveries for th e flora of V ietnam tax a a n d re la te d lite r a tu r e
ha ve been published (Regalado et a/ 2003).
M a i n r e s u lt s o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o o p e r a tỉv e re s e a rc h in th e 67
Trang 66 8 J a c in to R eg a la d o Jr., D a n iel K H a rd e r, N guyen Tien H ie p
T a b le 1 Nevv genera for Vietnam descrihed from 1993*2003
of Vietnam, p 96 Vietnam National ưn iv ersity Publishing House, Hanoi (2003)
of Vietnam, p 92 Vietnam National University Publishing House Hanoi (2003)
Nguyen
Novon 12(2): 179-189 (2002)
Araliaceae M eta p a n a x J w e n & D.G Frodin Brittonia 53(1): 117 (20 01 )
(1998)
(1998)
Sastre
(1995)
L.v Averyanov
Bot Zurn (Leningrad) 79(7): 108(1994)
Asclepiadacea
e
72(1994)
Nowack
Bull Mus Natl Hist Nat., B? Adansonia, Sér 4, 16(2-4): 214 (1994)
T a b le 2 Sum m ary of discoveries for Vietnam flora
New species
New species records
T he most sp e c ta c u la r findings are the new genera and species of a cupressoiđ
conifer X a n th o c y p a r is ư ietn a m e n sis (Farjon, e t al., 2002) a n d polypodiaceous fern.
Trang 7\ f a i n r c s u lt s o f i n t e r n a t i o n u l c o o p c r a t ir e re s e a rc h in the 69
{'aobuniỊÌci s q u a m a tu (Sm ith & Xh.mự 2002) Tho Vietnam (ìoldt‘ 11 Cvprvss is the (ourth new rnnilcT (loscribiHl sinre l!MS The imusuíìl coniíer henrs both juvenile íK'i»(llr and nìỉiture scaU' lcaves on thc* sa me b ranches (>f ma tun* trees T his species
closrlv resoml)lí‘s ĩh r Nootkii ( ’yprrs> ịC h a m a ecvp a ris n o o tk a tc n sis = X a n th o c y p a r is nootkatensis) ot Wí*strrn North America, reílecting ancient links h(»tween e a s te rn Asiíì a n d vvestiTn North America Oi) the o th e r hand, C aobangia is OIU* of two fern
g en era recontlv (lesm h ed The (liscovery of a nevv genus of fern is an uncommon cvent Q uite m T iìtly a IH'\V fern genus was described from Korea in 2001 hut
p rrvious to thíit, thi' Itìst such Iìt»w gt*ni»ra vvere describecl in the la te 19fỉ0’s
R esults (>f tln* studv havc proven th a t the plant điversity in thí* limestone
a re a s of the n o rth e rn Vietnam is very nch and diverse, but is far from known vet A
lot o f nevv t a x a lồ r S c ie n c e a n d / o r n e w d i s c o v e r i e s f o r t h e f lo r a o f V i e t n a m vvere
(ồund therc T here a rt‘ genera new for Science, such as the fern £ en u s C aobangia the t’(»nifer ^IMUIS Xanthocyparis tvvo orchid genera Vietorchis and Zeuxinella (ỉru sh v itz k y a ()f the tamily Araliaecne, and some oth er ones, an d se ve ra 1 species
n e w fo r S c ie n c e , s u c h MS t h e fc»rn s p r c i e s C a o b a n g i a s q u a m a ta t h e c o n iíV r s p e c i e s
X a n th o c v p a r is cictn a rn en sis and A m v n to ta x u s h a tu y c n e n s is , mo re th a n fifty new oivhiđ species t'specially slipper orrh id s (Paphiopedilum h a n g ia n u m , p helenae, p herrm annii, p tra n lien ia n u m , a n d p vietnam ense), etc, vverc* found th e re
angiosperni familios C oriariaceae an d N artheciaceae, one fern genus A nogram m a, OIH* coniíerous genus Pseudotsuga, some angiosperm genera as A letris, A nredera, Coriaria, G a rđ n e ria , a lot C)f species such as 4 fern species, 3 coniferous species
iP seu d o tsu g a b rv vifo lia Keteleeria d a v id ia n a , and T suga c h in e n sis), 5 slipper orchid species (P a p h io p ed ilu m ba rb ig eru m , p d ia n th u m , p m ie r a n th u m , p
h e n r y a n u m , and p m alip o en se) and many oth er orchid species, etc T hese lim estone
areas ha vo M out ()f 18 slipper orchicl species of V ietnam , and a re most im p o rta n t een ters of diversity of the slipper genus in general N early two th ir d of knovvn in
V irtnam coniliTous speoies (21 out ()f 33 species) is found also here H a h ita ts of
most citcd genera íầiìd species are coniíerous P seu d o tsu g a b revifo lia forest on th e ridges and tops of su b m o n tan e m ountains and broad-leaved B u rre tio d e n d ro n hsienm u forest on slopes of lowland m ountains.
5 C o n c l u s i o n s
T he present knowledge of the plant diversity in V ietnam rev eals th a t th e flora
is verv rich but far from being completely understood Many new ta x a a re still
particu larly along w estern an d n o rth ern border a re a s of V ietnam , a re expected to yield more in te re stin g and im p o rta n t additions to the flora However w ith the rap id e n v iro n m e n ta l d e g ra d a tio n a s a r e s u lt of the c o u n try 's o p e n in g of an
in tern a tio n a l markot oconomy, it is a race a g a in s t ti me to find an d d o cu m en t th ese species In o rd e r to accomplish this in tern atio n al cooperation h a s to he expanded and the collection of herbariitm >pecimens miist be accelerated
Trang 870 ư a c in t o R e g a la d o J r., D a n i e l K H a r d e r , N g u y ê n T ie n H i e p
A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s Pield work and laboratory stu d ie s t h a t re s u lte d in a
n u m b e r of exciting botanical discoveries vvhich a re su m m a riz e d in th is p a p e r were
íu n d e d bv v a rio u s g ra n ts from th e following sources for which we give th a n k s : U.S
N atio n al G eographic Society (g ran ts #5094-93, 5803-96, 6300-98, 6383-98, 6733-00), U.S N ational Science Foundation (grant # DEIi-9870231), P a u n a an d Flora
In te rn a tio n a l A m erican Orchid Society, S an Diego C o u n ty O rchid Society
C onservation Com m ittee, the H enry Luce Poundation, and th e Basic Research in
N a tu ra l Sciences Program (g ran t # 6 1 1 0 0 1 )
L i t e r a t u r e c i t e d
1 Aubréville, A Leroy, J.F., Morat, Ph (eds.) Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viet-
N a m F asc 1 '3 0 P a r is 1 9 6 0 *2 0 0 1
2. A v e r y a n o v , L v e t a l (e d s ) V a s c u la r pỉcint s y n o p s is o f V ic tn a m e s e florci V o i 1 2
N a u k a , L e n in g r a d 1 9 9 0 -1 9 9 6 ( i n R u s s ia n )
3 A v e r y a n o v , L V & A L A v e r y a n o v a ư p d a t e d C h e c k lis t o f t h e O r c h id s o f V ie tn a m
V ie t n a m N a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y P u b lis h in g H o u s e , H a n o i 2 0 0 3 , 101 p p ( in E n g lis h a n d
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s p e c ie s i n C u p re s s a c e a e ( C o n ife r a le s ) f r o m n o r t h e r n V ie t n a m , X a n th o c y p a r is
vietnamensis Novon 1 2 (2 ) (2002), pp 179*189
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8 L o u r e ir o , J F lo r a C o c h in c h in e n s is E d 2 T 1 -2 , B e r o lỉn i, 1 7 9 3 , 8 8 2 p p
9 Nguyen Khac Khoi, Flora of Vietnam Vol 3 Cyperaceae, Science and Technics Publ
H o u s e , H a n o i 2 0 0 2 5 7 0 p p ( in V ie tn a m e s e ).
10 N g u y ê n N g h ia T h in , M a n u a l on R esearch o f B io d ỉv e r s ity , A g r P u b l H o u s e , H a n o i
1 9 9 7 , 2 2 3 p p ( in V ie tn a m e s e )
1 1 Nguyen Tien Ban, Flora o f Vietnam Voi 1 Annonaceae Science and Technics Publ
H o u s e , H a n o i 2 0 0 0 , 3 4 2 p p ( i n V ie tn a m e s e ).
12 Pham Hoang Ho, An Illustrated Flora o f Vietnam, 3 vols, 6 parts Mekong Printing,
S a n ta A n a , C a l i í o r n i a 1 9 9 1 -1 9 9 3 ( in V ie tn a m e s e )
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(in Vietnamese)
14 P h a n K e Lx)c, O n t h e s y s t e m a t ic s t r u c t u r e o f t h e V ie t n a m e s e ĩ lo r a In Z h a n g ( A a n d ,
s (eds.), Floristic Characteristics and Diversity of East Asian Plants, Beiịing and
B e r lin 1 9 9 8 p p 1 2 0 -1 2 9
15 P ocs, T A n a ly s e a ir e - g é o g r a p h iq u e e t é c o lo g iq u e d e la f lo r e d u V i e t n a m N o r d A cta Acaci P aed A g r ie n s (E g e r ), nouư sér. 3 ( 1 9 6 5 ), p p 3 9 5 -4 5 2
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P h a n K ê L ộ c , C á c t a x ỏ n th ự c v ậ t b ậ c c a o có m ạ c h m ớ i chơ k h o a học* v à /h o ặ c b ổ s u n g cho
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hẻ th ự c v ậ t V iệ t N ỉim N h ữ n n v à n đ e n g h iê n cứ u cơ bâ n tr o n g kh o a họ c s ự sô n g N x b
K h o a h ọ c v à K ỹ t h u i t H à N ộ i, 2 0 0 3 , p p 1 4 5 -1 4 9
17 Kundel I* w Const ri (lỉton prionties In ỉndochina WWF Desk Study Forest habitats
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ỉn d o c h in a P r o g ra m m e OíTkc Hiinoi 1999, 194 pp.
18 Schmici, M Vẽịỉetntion du Vietnam: le M a ssif Sud-A nnam itique et les rẻgions
ỉim ỉtr o p k e s , M é m O R S T O M 7 4 , P a r is , 1 9 74, 2 4 3 p p
19 S m it h A K '/ h a n g x c C a o b a n g ia , a n e w g e n u s a n d s p e c ie s ()f P o ly p o d ia c e a e f r o m
V ie t n a m N o v o n 1 2 (1 ) (2 0 0 2 ) p p 5 4 6 * 5 5 0
20 T a k h t a ja n , A , K ỉorìstU ' R e g io n s <)f th e W orỉd, U n iv C a l i í o r n i a P re s s , B e r k e le y , L o s
A n g e le s , L o n d o n , 1 9 8 6 , 5 2 2 p p
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H o u s e H o C h i M i n h C ity b r a n c h ( 2 0 0 0 ) 2 7 6 p p ( in V ie tn a m e s e , s u m m a r y in F r e n c h )
22 Tran Kim Lien Flora u f Vietnam Voi 4 Myrsinaceoe Science and Technics Publ
H o u s e , H a n o i 2 0 0 2 , 2 3 7 p p ( in V ie tn a m e s e )
2 3 V o Q u y C o n s e r v a t io n o f í lo r a ía u n a , a n d endangered s p e c ie s in V ie t n a m , T ro p ic a l
F o rest E e o s y s te m s / B IO T R O P S p e c ia l P u b lic a tio n 5 5 ( 1 9 9 5 ) p p 1 3 9 *1 4 6
24 Vu Xuan Phuong Flora o f Vietnam Vol 2 Lamiaceae, Science and Technics Publ
H o u s e , H a n o i 2 0 0 0 , 2 7 8 p p ( in V ie tn a m e s e ).
TAP CHÍ KHOA HỌC DHQGHN, KHTN & CN, T XIX N04, 2003
N H Ữ N G KẾT QUẢ ( ' HỦ YẾU CỦA VIỆC H ộ p TÁC N G H IÊ N c ứ u Q U Ố C T Ế
VỂ T ÍN H ĐA DẠN(Ỉ T H ự C VẬT ớ VIỆT NAM, GIAI ĐOẠN 1993-2002
J a c i n t o R e g a la d o J r
Vườn th ự c vật M itxuri, Hoa Kỳ
D a n i e l K H a r d e r
Nguyền Tiên Hiệp, Nguvẻn Thi Thanh Hưcmg
Viện S in h thái và Tái nguyên sinh vật, Trung tâm Khoa học tự nhiên và Công
n g h ệ Quốc g ia
Leonid V Averyanov
V iện th ự c v ậ t học C ô m a rô p , Viện H à n lâ m k h o a h ọc N g a
Phan Kẻ Lộc
Trường Đ ọi học K hoa học tự nhiêny Dại học quốc g ia H à N ội
V iệ n S i n h t h a i v a T à i n g u y ê n s in h v ậ t, T T K H T N & C N Q G
Những nỏ lực hợp tác quốc té cùa C hương trìn h báo tổn th ự c v ậ t V iệt N a m
một chương tr ìn h hợp tác khoa học giữa Viện Sinh th ái và Tài nguyên sin h vật, Việt Nam với Vưòn thực vật M itxuri Hoa Kỳ và cúa nhiều chương tr in h khác, tro n g đó
có C hương trin h nghiên cửu cơ b à n tro n g khoa học tự n h iên và để án T h ự c v ậ t c h í, Việt Nam đã góp phẩn thúc đấy m ạ n h mẽ những nghiên cứu đa d ạ n g thực vật ờ Việt
Trang 1072 J a c i n t o Re ga la do J r 9 Da niel K Harder, Nguyên Tien Hiep
Nam Chỉ trong 10 năm qua (1993-2002) hdn 200 taxôn Thực v ậ t bộc cao có mạch mới cho khoa học đà được mô tả, trong đó có 12 chi Ngoài ra đâ bô sung cho hệ thực
v ậ t Việt Nam 77 loài khác
N h ử n g nỗ lực hợp tác quốc tế của C hương trìn h bảo tồ n th ự c v ậ t V iệt N a m ,
một chương tr ìn h hợp tác khoa học giữa Viện Sinh th á i và T ài nguyên sin h vật, Việt Nam với Vườn thự c v ật M ítxuri, Hoa Kỳ và của n h iều chương tr ìn h khác, trong đó
có C hư ơ ng tr in h n g h iê n cứu cơ bán trong khoa học tự n h iê n v à đ ể á n T h ự c vậ t c h í,
Việt Nam đà góp ph ần thúc đây m ạnh mẻ n h ữ n g nghiên cứu đa dạn g thực v ậ t ở Việt Nam Chi trong 10 nâm qua (1993-2002) hdn 200 taxôn Thực v ậ t bậc cao có mạch mới cho khoa học đà được mỏ tá trong đó cỏ 12 chi Ngoài ra đã bỏ sung cho hệ thực vật Việt Nam 77 loài khác N hững p h át hiện mới dó đả n â n g tố n g số loài biết được của hệ thự c v ật Việt Nam lên 3 % Nhiều taxôn mới cho khoa học tìm th ấ y trong các
họ Lan O rchidaceae (63 loài), Đơn nem M yrsinaceae (34 loài), Ráy A raceae (27 loài),
và T h ầ u d ầu E u p h o rb iaceae (15 loài) N hững p h á t hiện mới nổi bật n h ấ t là chi và
loài B ách v à n g X a n th o c ỵ p a ris v ie tn a m e n sis, chi và loài R á n g vẩ y cao bang
C a o b a n g ia s q u a m a ta và 2 chi Lan việt Vietorchis và Zeuxinella Bách vàn g là chi Thông th ứ 4 của th ê giới được mô tả từ 1948 cho đến nay, còn Ráng vày cao bằng là chi R áng th ứ hai của th ê giới được mò tả từ 1960 cho đến nay R ất n h iề u p h á t hiện mới được phi n h ậ n ỏ vùng núi đá vỏi thuộc đai núi th ấ p rộng lớn của hắc Việt Nam
và ở vùng núi đố g r a n ít thuộc dai núi tr u n g bình k h ắ p cả nước Riêng vùng núi đá vôi kể trôn là t r u n g tâ m đa dọng cao nhâ't của chi L an hài P ap h io p ed ilu m , là nơi có nhiều loài của lóp Thông n h ấ t của Việt Nam và là nơi có n h i ề u loài đặc h ữ u hẹp