cho doi ngii can bo, dang vien va nhan dan ve chu nghia t\i ban, nhat la van de nhan thiic dung din, c6 cd sci ly luan va thiic tien ve ban chat ciia chii nghia t\i ban, ve nhiing mau [r]
Trang 1"DIEN BIEN HOA BINH" VA "TlT DIEN B I E N "
TRONG BOI CANH HIEN NAY
P G S T S V A N DirC T H A N H *
Cuo'i the ky XX, nhan loai phai giat minh canh tinh trxidc ba
nguy cd 16n: mot Id, chien tranh cong nghe cao do chii nghia de
quoc tien hanh, v6i bo mat "chien tranh sach" nhUng d^ng sau
la hiem hoa hdn tat ca cac hiem hoa trxXdc; hai Id, "dien bien
hod binh" cung ciia chu nghia de quoc, cai cong cu da lam tan ra
nhiing cUdng quoc tijfng la thanh t r i ciia hoa binh va each mang
the gi6i, dieu ma moi cuoc chien tan kho'c tru6c do ciia chii
nghia phat xit khong the lam noi; ba Id, "each mang sac mdu"
sii cong sinh giOa "dien bien hoa binh" va bao loan chinh tri
-ma tac gia mot Ian niJa khong ai khac chinh la chii nghia de
quoc, mot cong cu khac giai quyet not phan con lai cua chien
tranh cong nghe cao va "dien bien hoa binh"
Co the thay ro rang la, chu nghia xa hoi ci Lien X6 sup do
khong phai do chien tranh xam lUdc ciia chii nghia de quoc ma
chinh do sU t r i tre ve kinh te - xa hoi ciing sai Mm ciia Dang va
Nha nu6c, va do chinh la that bai trif6c "dien bien hoa binh"
Tiep sau su sup do ciia Lien X6 la sii tan ra he thong xa hoi chii
nghia d Dong Au, roi cdc cugc "each mang sac mdu' - mot di ban
* Vien K h o a hoc X a hoi N h a n van quan sU, Bo Quoc phong
ciia "diln bien hoa binh" c6 ket hdp v6i yeu to bao loan, lat do -cung dufdc chii nghia de quoc thuc hien thanh cong d mot loat
nxXdc Nhin nhan khai quat ve cuoc bao loan, lat do d mot so'
nvf6c, CO the thay, mac dii c6 nhiJng diem khong giong nhau,
nhUng "each mang difdng pho", "each mang nhung", "each mang
da cam" chi la nhiing ten goi khac nhau de chi mot san pham
"sang tao" ciia chii nghia de quoc: cong nghe gldnh chinh quyen thong qua bieu tinh Thiic chat, day la nhiing cuoc dao chinh lat
do chinh quyen theo kieu diing "bao liCc diidng pho\c biet nguy hiem khi quan chiing bi kich dong bdi nhiing trung tam quyen liic t i i ben ngoai luon r^p tam "due nii6c beo c6"
Sau khi Lien X6 va cac niidc xa hoi chii nghia Dong Au sup
do, chii nghia de quoc ciing cac the liic phan dong quoc te se diing moi thii doan, ke ca man kich "each mang nhung" de chong pha cac niidc xa hoi chii nghia con lai, trong do c6 Viet Nam Tren thiic te, da c6 nhiing dau hieu cho thay chiing ta can het silc canh giac nh^m chong lai am miiu, thii doan nguy hiem nay ciia cac the liic thii dich, dac biet la giai quyet nhiing mat trai chkc chkn se nay sinh trong qua trinh Viet Nam hoi nhap
nen kinh te the gi6i "Dien bien hoa binh" dii la mot ke hoach rat cong phu ciia cac the liic thii dich nhifng ciing se khong c6 dat dien neu trong noi bo dat niidc ta khong xuat hien nhiing diem tiia thuan Idi cho chiing Noi each khac, "dien bien hoa
binh" chi lam cong viec nhan niit ket thiic khi qua trinh "tiC dien bien" da chuan bi tien de day du
De phong, chong "dien bien hoa binh" mot each c6 hieu qua, nhat la pha vd cac mam mong ciia " t i i dien bien", thi triictc het
phai CO sii nhan dien thoa dang ve phiidng dien ly luan Ro
rang, khong phai bat cii sii yeu kem nao trong ddi song xa hoi,
tham chi trong he thong chinh t r i va che do nha nxXdc, ciing deu thuoc ve pham tru "dien bien hoa binh" Doi v6i nxidc ta, noi den
Trang 2"dien bien hoa binh" la noi den am mUu, thu doan tong the cua
chu nghia de quoc va cac the IvJc thu dich hong lam chuyen hoa
che do chinh tri cua ta tH ben trong ma khong can phai sii dung
den bao luc vu trang de can thiep Ve thiic chat, neu chien
tranh la ke tuc cua chinh tri bSng thu doan bao Ixic vu trang
mang tinh nha nxidc thi "dien bien hoa binh" ciing chinh la ke
tuc cua chinh tri, nhUng bing thu doan phi bao Ivfc vii trang
Chufa the coi tinh trang thoai hoa, bien chat song chUa dung
den che do chinh tri va nha nif6c la "dien bien hoa binh" Tuy
nhien, chinh s\i thoai hoa, bien chat ciia doi ngii lai la tien de,
mam mong ciia sii bien chat che do chinh tri, va no thuoc ve
pham trii "tvi dien bien" Thanh thii, "tii dien bien" luon chiia
diing noi ham rong hdn, va khi diidc day len den miic phd bien
thi chic chin se triic tiep dkn thing den lam bien chat che do
chinh tri Nhin tong the thi c6 the thay am miiu, thu doan cua
cac the \\ic thu dich hong chuyen hod che do ta bang "dien bien
hod binh" la het silc nguy hiem, trong do nguy hiem nhd't Id
khai thdc nhQng mam mong vd khd ndng "tit dien bien" de
chuyen hoa ta ca ve chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi, dao diic,
loi song
"Tu" diin bien" ve chinh tri la qua trinh ma che do chinh tri
tu "doi mau" do Dang hi suy yeu iii tinh trang suy thoai ve
chinh tri, t\i tUdng, dao diic, loi song, te tham nhiing va tieu
cue , dac biet la to chiic bi tii phan hoa Dang mat vai tro lanh
dao chinh quyen nha nxidc, dan den quan chung mat long tin,
nga theo "phe doi lap" v6i chieu bai "xa hoi dan chii", da nguyen
chinh tri, da dang doi lap; chu nghia xa hoi se bien dang,
chuyen hoa thanh chu nghia ixi ban Ke ca trong trifdng hdp
Dang va Nha nxidc ta kien dinh chii nghia xa hoi, nhiing mot bo
phan can bo, dang vien bat man, thi cac the \xlc thu dich se hau
thuin, giup dd de ho tranh thu quan chung, hinh thanh "phe
doi lap", tao dvfng "ngon cd" thong qua dau tranh nghi trifdng,
gay siic ep tifng hxidc buoc ta nhudng bo, va cuoi cung d^n den mat che do Cac hinh thilc chuyen hoa nay la trxic tiep, nhifng kho xay ra neu doi ngii can bo chii tri ciia Dang va Nha nMdc
viing manh, doan ket, luon canh giac dau tranh v6i cac thii doan chia re ciia ke thii Dieu do cang cho thay, chohg "di§n bien hoa binh" phu thuoc rat 16n vao chong "tu dien bien"
"TiC dien bien" ve kinh te\k cd sd ha tang kinh te do nhiing
tri tre, yeu kem hoac sii de dai chap nhan "giiip dd" mot each v6
nguyen tac ma chuyen hoa thanh kinh te thi trifdng ixi ban chii nghia, tif do che do chinh tri txi "doi mau" Su chuyen hoa nay
se dien ra neu mo hinh kinh te thi trUdng dinh hudng xa hoi chii nghia cham phat huy tac dung, nen kinh te gap kho khan
16n, thanh phan kinh te nha nxidc khong giu! dUdc vai tro chii
dao, sU quan ly kinh te ciia Nha nif6c khong hieu qua Cac the
lUc thu dich se thiic day kinh te thi triidng txi do phat trien theo
hxidng txi ban chii nghia, den mot giai doan nao do, khi sd hxiu txi nhan txi ban chii nghia giii vai tro chi pho'i cd sd ha tang kinh
te, ve thiic chat da chuyen hoa thanh kinh te txi ban chii nghia,
thi kien triic thiidng tang xa hoi chii nghia chi con ton tai tren
danh nghia va thuc siJ da "doi mau" Tinh chat "txi diSn bien"
noi ro d cho ta mac nhiing sai lam, thieu sot trong quan ly kinh
te - xa hoi, hoac kinh te c6 tang trifdng nhiing le thuoc vao kinh
te txi ban; cong bang xa hoi bi cha dap, phan ciic xa hoi gay gat,
quan chiing nhan dan bat man, chong do'i Qua trinh "tii dien bien" nay cang nguy hiem trong dieu kien cac the liic thu dich
CO tiem liic kinh te manh hdn ta nhieu lin
"Tit diin bien" ve xd hoi la qua trinh ma nhiing tac dong ciia
mat trai kinh te thi trifdng lam cho sxi phan hoa giau ngheo gia
tang, giiia cac giai cap va tang 16p xa hoi, nhat la nhan dan lao dong noi chung, thieu sii gin bo mat thiet ve phiidng dien y
Trang 3thiic va to chiic cong dong Dieu do se lam nay sinh nhfing mau
thu&n xa hoi mdi rat phiic tap, neu Dang va Nha niidc cham c6
nhiJng giai phap thiet thiic, dong bo thi rat c6 the lam chuyen
hoa nhiing mau thuin xa hoi thanh mau thuan chinh tri, xay
ra nhiing bien dong bat on ve chinh tri ngay trong cac quan he
xa hoi Cac cuoc khieu kien dong ngiidi di giai quyet nhiJng
chinh sach xa hoi ddn thuan la binh thiidng, song khi bi ke thu
Idi dung rat c6 the se chuyen hoa thanh cac cuoc bao loan chinh
tri khi cac the \\ic thu dich Idi dung lam bung no "diem nong"
gay bien dong, pha vd nen tang chinh tri ciia che do ta
"Ti/ diSn bien" ve van hod - gido due - ddo tao the hien d sii
du nhap quan diem, t\i tUdng, van hoa, loi song, gia tri phifdng
Tay Mot mat, cac the lUc thvi dich thong qua cac chiidng trinh
diia can bo ta ra nu6c ngoai hoc tap, nghien ciiu bang nhieu
nguon yon khac nhau, nhat la nguon tai trd nxidc ngoai, hong
tao ra mot "the he can bo than phifdng Tay", sau nay nim dan
cac ciidng vi trong yeu trong nen kinh te - xa hoi va tham chi
trong he thong chinh tri Mat khac, thong qua viec hdp tac dao
tao tai Viet Nam, chiing ra siic truyen ba cac quan diem xa la
hong gat ho he ti/ tiidng cdch mang trong lap triidng cua giai
cap cong nhan ta Ve linh wxLc van hoa ciing vay, siJ de cao qua
dang chuan mvic gia tri i\i san, ha thap gia tri cua chii nghia
xa hoi, do loi hoan toan cho che do chinh tri ve nhiing tieu ciic
trong ddi song van hoa - xa hoi, hien tUdng xuyen tac lich sii,
boi nho lanh tu, gieo rac sU hoai nghi, hoang mang trong nhan
dan, tham chi Idi dung cac phiJdng tien truyen thong de truyen
ba da nguyen chinh tri, da dang doi lap ciing chinh la "tii
diln bien"
De day manh siJ nghiep dau tranh phong, chong "dien bien
hoa binh", ro rang triidc het can c6 "cd the xa hoi lanh manh",
trong do dac biet quan trong la xay diJng he thong chinh tri
thUdng xuyen viJng manh ve moi mat, trudc het la viing manh
ve chinh tri, tU tUcing va to chiic Trudc het, can tap trung xay
ditng cac ca sd chinh tri uitng manh de du siic phong, chong
"dien bien hoa binh" ciia dich, nhat la chong lai nguy cd "til dien
bien" Thii hai, can c6 cac giai phap hieu qua de tang cUdng
cong tac giao due cho nhan dan, trong do giao due chinh tri chiem vi tri cvfc ky quan trong De chong lai thii doan tuyen truyen kich dong "dien bien hoa binh" ciia dich, diit khoat phai
CO nhiing bien phap manh trong quan ly va phat huy hieu qua
he thong truyen thong Thvt ba, can phat huy tinh chu dong,
sang tao cua ban than cac tang 16p nhan dan trong phong, chong "tu dien bien" De thiic hien phong, chong "dien bien hoa binh" ciing nhu phong, chong "tvT dien bien", can thay rang phiidng cham quan trong nhat la phong hdn chong, giai quyet cac bilc xuc, tieu cvTc xa hoi tii noi bo, khong de d&n den "diem nong" Ian rong trong xa hoi ma ke thu c6 the Idi dung gay tinh hinh phifc tap Cac to chile xa hoi can gop phan tich ciic kip thdi
phat hien va dap tkt nhiing luan dieu chien tranh tam ly, tuyen
truyen xuyen tac cua dich Dac biet, to chiic dang can n^m chae tinh hinh ddi song, tam tii, nguyen vong va kien nghi cua nhan dan, phat hien nhiing thieu sot trong thiic hien dUdng loi, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nu6c de giai quyet kip thdi
Trang 4"TU* D I E N B I E N " , " T U " C H U Y E N H O A "
-Bl/OiC D A U N H A N D I E N
V A G I A I P H A P P H O N G , C H O N G
T h i e u W 6 n g , P G S T S N G U Y E N V I N H T H A N G *
1 V a n de " t i i dien bien" xet tuf goc do la stf suy giam, suy
thoai ve mat c h i n h t r i , t\i tiidng, dao diic, loi song d^n den " t i t
chuyen hoa" t r o n g to chiic, con ngiidi, trxidc het la t r o n g to chvtc
dang, to chiic bo may nha nxidc, trong doi ngu can bo, dang vien,
n h a t la can bo chu chot cua Dang va N h a nii6c da tijfng d i l n ra
ci L i e n X6 va cac nii6c xa hoi chu nghia Dong A u Cuoi cung,
cung v6i "dien bien hoa b i n h " va cac nguyen n h a n khac da lam
cho che do xa hoi chu nghia ci L i e n X6 va cac nif6c xa hoi chu
nghia b Dong A u sup do khong phai bang chien t r a n h v u t r a n g ,
ma bang p h i v u t r a n g , bang "dien bien hoa b i n h " de thiic day
qua t r i n h " t i i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" tvf ben trong
N h a n thiifc ro t i n h chat nguy hiem ciia chien IxiOc "dien bien
hoa binh", cua " t i i d i l n bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" do tac dong cua
"dien bien hoa b i n h " doi v6i sii ton vong cua Dang, cua che do xa
hoi chu nghia; y thiic ro "t\i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" dang la
nguy CO hien hiiu, ro rang, het sxic nguy hiem d niidc ta hien nay,
* V i e n t r U d n g V i e n K h o a hoc X a hoi N h a n v a n quan s U , Bo Quoc phong
Bao cao chinh t r i cua Ban Chap hanh T r u n g Udng Dang khoa X tai Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thiif X I cua Dang da nhan manh: trong noi bo, "nhi3ng bieu hien xa rdi muc tieu cua chu nghia xa
hoi, "ttt dien bien", "txi chuyen hoa" c6 dien bien phiic tap"'
N h i i vay, ci n\i6c ta hien nay, " t u dien bien", " t u chuyen hoa"
v6i cac m i j f c do khac n h a u trong noi bo, trifdc het la trong moi can
bo, dang vien la mot thiic te dang ton t a i , mot nguy c d c6 that
dang hien hiSu trong ddi song V a n de dat ra la phai nghien ciiu nhan dang ve t i n h chat, noi dung, miic do, pham v i bieu hien, nguyen nhan ciia "tU dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" va dieu quan trong, cap bach hdn la phai t i m ra diidc n h i i n g giai phap phong, chong " t u dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" trong can bo, dang vien
" T i i dien bien", "tU chuyen hoa" trong can bo, dang vien ci
nxidc ta h i e n nay dUdc de cap ci day la qua t r i n h "txi dien bien"
theo chieu hif6ng suy giam, suy thoai ("tU dien bien" c6 the dien
ra theo ca chieu tien bo, phat t r i e n theo each hieu ve "txi dien bien" noi chung) Va tijf "txi dien bien" den mot miJtc do nao do se
chuyen sang "txi chuyen hoa" trong can bo, dang vien, c6 the t\i tijfng ngiidi den doi ngii; til chuyen hoa con ngiidi, doi ngii can
bo, dang vien se c6 the d i n den " t i i chuyen hoa" ciia ca mot to
chiic, n h a t la to chiic dang va nha nxidc neu chiing ta khong c6
n h i i n g bien phap phong, chong h i i u hieu
"Txi dien bien" t r o n g can bo, dang vien hien nay c6 the diidc bieu hien ci ca t r o n g nhan thiic, niem t i n va h a n h dong Do la sii
suy giam ve txi tUdng chinh t r i , ngay cang xa r d i muc tieu ciia
chii nghia xa hoi, xa r d i ly tUdng chien dau v i doc lap dan toe va chii nghia xa hoi, xa r d i chii nghia Mac - L e n i n , t i i tiicing Ho C h i
M i n h , xa r d i difdng loi ciia Dang Do la sxi suy giam niem t i n
1 D a n g Cong s a n V i e t N a m : Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc thiiXI, Sdd, tr 29
Trang 5vao thang Idi cua chu nghIa xa hoi, vao thang Idi cua cong cuoc
doi in6i dat nii6c v i doc lap dan toe va chii nghla xa hoi, suy
giam niem t i n vao sii lanh dao cua Dang, vao s\i quan ly, dieu
hanh ciia Nha nxidc, vao pham chat va nang lUc ciia dpi ngii can
bp, dang vien, nhat la can bp chu chot Do la s\i suy giam ve
pham chat dao dtfc, loi song, ngay cang xa rPi nhiing pham
chat, chuan m\ic ve dao dilc, loi song xa hpi chu nghia, trifdt
dan sang dao dilc, loi song txX san, quay ve v6i nhiJng thoi hif,
tat xau cua dao dilc, loi song phong kien
"Tii dien bien" trong can bp, dang vien c6 the dien ra trxXdc
het trong moi can bp, dang vien v6i cac mtfc dp va bieu hien cu
the khac nhau ve pham chat chinh t r i t\i tiidng, dao dilc, loi
song Neu khong dUdc phat hien, phong, chong kip thdi t h i se
dan dan Ian rpng ra theo nhieu chieu hxidng: t\i can bp cap thap
den can bp cap cao, t\i can bp cap cao xuong can bp cap thap; tvf
mot so i t can bp, dang vien den so dong can bp, dang vien; iii ca
nhan moi can bp, dang vien den to chiic ma ca nhan can bp,
dang vien do cong tac, sinh hoat
"Til dien bien" va " t i i chuyen hoa" la hai k h a i niem c6 npi
ham khac nhau nhifng "t\i dien bien" va " t u chuyen hoa" lai gan
ket v6i nhau trong mot qua t r i n h van dong, bien ddi cua sii vat,
hien tiidng, to chiic, con ngiidi Qua t r i n h dien ra "tvf dien bien"
cung la qua t r i n h dien ra " t i i chuyen hoa" nhUng dang d trong
nhiSng gi6i han nhat dinh Nhiing den mot luc nao do t h i iii " t i i
dien bien" se d&n t6i " t i i chuyen hoa" toan bp; luc do sii vat,
hien tifdng, to chiic, con ngifdi se thay doi hoan toan ve ban
chat "Tvf chuyen hoa" hit dau hkng " t i l dien bien" va " t i l dien
bien" se di tcii " t i l chuyen hoa" trong nhilng dieu kien nhat dinh
N h u vay, trong nhan thUc ciing nhil trong hoat dong thilc tien
phai quan t a m den ca van de phong,* chong ca " t u dien bien" va
"tu chuyen hoa" Tuy nhien, xet d khia canh sil thay doi ve chat
thi hai qua t r i n h "tii dien bien" va " t u chuyen hoa" win c6 t i n h
dpc lap tUdng doi ciia no Theo do, k h i de ra giai phap phong, chong CO the va can phai de ra ca giai phap phong, chong doi v6i
ca van de "tii dien bien" va " t u chuyen hoa" noi chung va de ra
giai phap phong, chong " t i l dien bien" rieng, giai phap phong, chong " t i i chuyen hoa" rieng
"Tu di§n bien", ' t i i chuyen hoa" dien ra tif ben trong sii vat, hien tUdng, to chile, con ngUdi, cu the hdn la no dien ra trong moi can bp, dang vien Theo do, dieu quan trpng trong viec xac dinh, t i m kiem nguyen nhan ciia qua t r i n h "tU dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" la phai di t i m nguyen nhan t i i chinh trong sU vat, hien tifdng, to chile, con ngifdi can bp, dang vien Tuy nhien, khong the khong t i n h den nhilng nguyen nhan ben ngoai se cung v6i cac nguyen nhan ben trong de tao nen hdp lilc thiic day qua t r i n h " t i l di§n bien", " t i l chuyen hoa"
2 Ve nguyen nhan cua qua t r i n h " t i l dien bien", " t i l chuyen
hoa" trong can bp, dang vien hien nay c6 the ke den cac nguyen nhan nhil:
Qua trinh xay dilng chii nghia xa hpi trong nhilng thap ky qua d cac nildc xa hpi chii nghia Dong A u , Lien X6 ciing nhil d nil6c ta, nhat la trong thdi ky qua dp len chii nghia xa hpi, thilc
hien cd che t h i trifdng, m^ ciia, hpi nhap, giao Ixiu quoc te, cung v6i
nhiing thanh tiiu la nhiing han che, yeu kem, bat cap Thilc tien cho thay, trong qua trinh xay dilng chii nghia xa hpi, chiing ta da dat dildc nhilng thanh tilu to Idn, gop phan quan trpng vao thang Idi ciia phong trao each mang the gi6i, khSng dinh tinh vfu viet ciia
chii nghia xa hpi Tuy nhien, vkn con nhilng yeu kem, khuyet tat
ca ve phifdng dien diidng loi, chinh sach va to chile thilc hien; ca
ve to chile, hoat dong ciia bp may Dang, Nha nxidc va cac to chile
chinh t r i - xa hpi; ca con ngufdi hoat dong trong cac to chile bp may ciia Dang, Nha nii6e va cac to chile chinh t r i - xa hpi
Trang 6ThUc te cho thay, tu: s\i sup do cua mot mo h i n h xa hoi chu
nghia cu the, do t h i e u phifdng phap xem xet d u n g dan va do
n h i e u nguyen n h a n khac nen c6 ngUdi da voi quy ket, cho r^ng,
do la do sii sai l a m cua he thong ly l u a n Mac - L e n i n ! Trong luc
do, CO mot nghich ly la, chu nghia t\i ban mac dau la mot che do
xa hoi day r&y ap hvLc, bat cong, x a u xa, t h o i nat, v6i nhieu m a u
t h u i n khong the khac phuc diidc n h i i n g l a i biet dieu c h i n h ,
t h i c h n g h i de t o n t a i va c6 mat phat t r i e n ! Tif do c6 ngufdi bat
dau b a n khoan, lo lang, t h a m c h i n g h i ngd va suy giam n i e m t i n
vao muc t i e u , ly tiicing xa hoi chu nghia; n g h i ngd, suy giam
n i e m t i n vao con diidng xa hoi chu nghia ma chung t a da liia
chon D a n g l i i u y la, mot so' ngifdi da c6 dip triic tiep den cac
nifdc t\l ban, difdc xem xet xa hoi t\i ban n h i i n g chi d cac t h a n h
pho' Idn v6i ve be ngoai hao nhoang, cong v6i sU vuot ve, che day
cua cao hoc gia t\i san nen da voi vang ngo n h a n ve chu nghia
t\i ban, tH do da r a siic t a n dufdng, cd suy cho con dUdng t i i ban
chu nghia! Co the do la mot bu:6c k h d i dau cua qua t r i n h "tU
dien b i e n " tii ben t r o n g cua moi ngiidi, cua moi can bo, dang
vien, n h a t la nhiJng ngiidi t h i e u thong t i n , hoac tiep n h a n thong
t i n k h o n g c h i n h xac, khong day du ve chu nghia xa hoi va chu
nghia t i i ban
Co mot thiic te la, t r o n g luc k h a n g d i n h chu n g h i a xa hoi
la mot che do tot dep, \iu viet so v6i che do t\i b a n c h u nghia,
nhUng t r o n g thiic te xay d i i n g chii n g h i a xa hoi, c6 luc, c6 ndi,
CO mat, CO l i n h viic cua ddi song xa hoi chung t a chUa h i e n
thiic hoa diidc day d u t i n h vfu viet cua chu n g h i a xa h o i t r e n
thuc te, n h a t la t r o n g qua t r i n h xay dvtng, p h a t t r i e n k i n h te,
v a n hoa, xa hoi P h a m chat, nang liic, phifdng phap, tac phong
cong tac cua mot bo p h a n can bo, dang vien con c6 nhiJng h a n
che, bat cap, nha't la te quan lieu, t h a m nhung, lang phi Theo do
giiJa l y t h u y e t , l y l u a n va t h i i c te, thUc t i e n v i n con c6
n h i i n g k h o a n g each n h a t d i n h , tH do l a m cho n h i i n g ngUdi
k h o n g d u k h a n a n g , d i e u k i e n de t u ly g i n i mot each eo cd sci
k h o a hoc t h i se d a n den n g h i ngd, suy g i a m n i e m t i n vao c h u
n g h i a xa h o i Tijf t r a n g t h a i chien t r a n h chuyen sang hoa b i n h xay diing
da't n\X6c, tii cd che tap t r u n g , quan lieu, bao ea'p sang cd che' t h i
triidng, md ciia, hoi nhap quo'c te la mot qua t r i n h chuyen ddi ra't 16n ca t r o n g n h a n thiic cung n h i i t r o n g t d chiic thiie t i i n ,
n h i e u viec chung t a p h a i vita l a m viia r u t k i n h nghiem, chua he
CO t i e n le t r o n g lich sii Chiing t a chUa lUdng het diide svf tac
dong tii mat t i e u cvfc ciia cd che t h i t r i i d n g , mci ciia, hoi nhap qudc te, do do chua chuan h i t h a t ky ve n h a n thiic t\i tiicing Cling nhif nang \\ic to chiic hoat dong thiic tien, do do khong
t r a n h k h o i n h i i n g h a n che, k h u y e t diem, va'p vap Day cung la dieu k h o n g the t r a n h k h o i t r e n con diidng phat t r i e n , nha't la
qua t r i n h ddi mdi da't nxidc
Dae biet, sii cho'ng pha het siic quyet liet v6i n h i e u am mufu,
t h i i doan t i n h v i , xao quyet ciia cac the liic t h u dich ddi v6i each
m a n g nxidc ta bang chien lifdc "dien bien hoa b i n h " de thiie day
qua t r i n h " t i i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" t i i ben t r o n g theo k i c h
ban ma cac the liie t h u dich da thiie hien d cac nxidc xa hoi chu
nghia Dong A u va L i e n X6 trifdc day D i e u dang quan t a m la, chien lUde "dien bie'n hoa b i n h " ma cac the liie t h u dich t r i e n
k h a i cho'ng pha each m a n g nxidc t a l a i dien r a t r o n g dieu k i e n
chiing t a dang thilc hien cd che t h i trifdng, mci ciia, hoi nhap quo'c te
Thiic hien cd che t h i trifdng, md ciia, hoi nhap quo'c te, cving v6i n h i i n g mat t i c h ciic la n h i i n g mat t i e u ciic tac dong den dao diic, 16'i so'ng ciia can bo, dang vien va n h a n dan Cac the liic t h u
Trang 7dich da va dang tan dung dieu kien do de thiic hien tan cong
chong pha chung ta, chung da sii dung phifdng thiic: khong triic
dien tan cong vao chinh tri, ma di diiOng vong, tan cong vao dao
diic, loi song de lam cho can bo, dang vien loang dan, nhat dan
chinh t r i v6 san, xa dan chinh t r i v6 san de chuyen sang chinh
tri tu: san bat dau t\i sii sa doa ve dao diic, loi song, thvic hien
qua trinh "tU dien bien" tii dao diic, lo'i song den "tii dien hien"
ve t\i tiidng chinh t r i Day la miii tan cong ciic ky tham doc,
nguy hiem v6i kich ban, bii6c di la: t i l thifc hien "dien bien hoa
binh" de thuc day qua trinh "tv( dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" tij:
ben trong moi can bo, dang vien
Dat nxidc tii trang thai chien tranh chuyen sang trang thai
xay dting trong dieu kien hoa binh; tir cO che tap trung, bao cap
sang cd che thi trildng; t\i quan he v6i mot so nxidc xa hoi chu
nghia sang md ciia, hoi nhap quan he v6i nhieu nxidc tren the
gidi Trong luc do, doi ngii can bo, dang vien chiia diidc chuan hi
ky ve nhan thiic, t i i tiidng, ve nang Ixic hoat dong thvfc tien va
ca phiidng phap, tac phong cho s\i chuyen doi to 16n do nen
khong it can bo, dang vien da lung tung trong nhan thiic va
hanh dong Dac biet la, mot bo phan can bo, dang vien da khong
tich ciic hoc tap, ren luyen de kip thdi thich iing vdi dieu kien
mdi, vdi cd che mdi, nhat la kha nang "txi mien dich", kha nang
"tu de khang" triidc sii tac dong ixi mat tieu ciic ciia cd che thi
triidng, md ciia, hoi nhap quoc te Them vao do, cac the liJc thu
dich trien khai chien lUdc "dien bien hoa binh" tan cong chong
pha doi ngii can bo, dang vien ve chinh t r i , txi tUdng, dao diic,
loi song Sii cong hufcing ciia cac nguyen nhan nay da lam cho
mot bo phan can bo, dang vien "tiJ dien bien" va c6 ngiidi da "tii
chuyen hoa" Dung nhxi Dang ta da nhan dinh trong Bao cao
chinh t r i tai Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thil XI: "Tinh trang
suy thoai ve chinh t r i , t i i tufcJng, dao dxic, \6i song ciia mot bo
phan khong nho can bo, dang vien, te quan lieu, tham nhung, lang phi con nghiem trong"'
Nhxi vay, c6 the thay, nguyen nhan ciia nguy cd va nhiing
bieu hien cu the v6i cac noi dung, mijtc do va pham vi khac nhau
ve "tijf diln bien", "tiJ chuyen hoa" trong can bo, dang vien la c6
ca nguyen nhan khach quan va nguyen nhan chii quan, trong
do sU chong pha ciia cac the Ixic thu dich bang "dien bien hoa
binh" de thiic day qua trinh " t i i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" t i i ben trong va viec khong cham lo tu diidng, ren luyen ciia doi ngii can bo, dang vien la nguyen nhan chii yeu
3 De gop phan phong, chong " t i i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" trong can bo, dang vien hien nay, can thiic hien tot mot so'
ngi dung, gidi phap sau day: >^
Mot Id, thiidng xuyen tang ciidng giad due chii nghia Mac
-Lenin, t i i tiidng Ho Chi Minh, diidng loi, chii triidng ciia Dang va chinh sach, phap luat ciia Nha niidc cho doi ngii can bo, dang vien Giao due nang cao nhan thiic cho dpi ngii can bo, dang vien
ve muc tieu, ly tiidng doc lap dan toe va chii nghia xa hoi; ve tinh liu viet ciia ehii nghia xa hoi va nhiing han che khong the tranh khoi tren con diidng phat trien Can phai tang ciidng cong tac nghien ciiu ly luan, tong ket thiic tien gop phan phat trien sang
tao chii nghia Mac - Lenin, ixi tiicing Ho Chi Minh Trong qua
trinh nghien ciiu, van dung chii nghia Mac - Lenin can di sau lam
ro nhiing luan diem cd ban ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin da hoan
toan diing dcln tii liic mdi ra ddi chd den nay wkn diing Nhiing
luan diem cd ban ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin chi diing va phii hdp
trdng dieu kien lich sii liic do, den nay da bi thiic tien lich sii vxi6t
qua Nhiing luan diem cd ban eiia chii nghia Mac - Lenin la diing
1 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc
thaXl, Sdd, tr 29
Trang 8nhiing nhiJng ngiidi van dung no da hieu chifa dung, chua day du,
chiia sau sic nen van dung khong dung Nhxing luan diem can
diidc bo sung, phat trien ma chu nghia Mac - Lenin chUa de cap
day du, toan dien phu hdp v6i dieu kien, hoan canh lich sii m6i va
nhflng luan diem hoan toan m6i ma chu nghia Mac - Lenin chUa
tifng de cap den Bao dam cho viec tuyen truyen, giao due chu
nghia Mac - Lenin, t\i txidng Ho chi Minh mot each c6 cd scf khoa
hoc, thuyet phuc, khong ap dat chu quan
Hai Id, tang ciidng cong tac thong tin, tuyen truyen kip thdi,
CO dinh hii6ng dung d^n nhlim cung cap thong tin chinh thong
cho doi ngii can bo, dang vien va nhan dan ve chu nghia t\i ban,
nhat la van de nhan thiic dung din, c6 cd sci ly luan va thiic tien
ve ban chat ciia chii nghia t\i ban, ve nhiing mau thuin cd ban
khong the giai quyet diidc trong xa hoi t\i ban, ve s\i dieu chinh,
thich nghi de tam thdi ton tai cua chu nghia t\i ban va ca nhfing
thanh tiiu dat dtfdc cua chu nghia tif ban trong phat trien lUc
liidng san xuat, khoa hoc ky thuat, cong nghe, trong khoa hoc to
chiic quan ly va can nhan thiic ring: "Theo quy luat tien hoa
cua lich sli, loai ngMdi nhat dinh se tien t6i chii nghia xa hoi'"
nhu Ci/ctng linh xdy diCng dat niCdc trong thdi ky qua do len chu
nghia xa hoi (Bo sung, phat trien nam 2011) ciia Dang ta da
khang dinh
Ba la, giao due nang cao nhan thiic cho can bo, dang vien
ve nhfing thanh tiiu to 16n, c6 y nghia lich sii ciia cong cuoc doi
m6i dat nU6c do Dang ta khcii xiidng va lanh dao; dong thdi,
nhan thiic ro nhiing han che, bat cap khong the tranh khoi
trong qua trinh xay dUng chii nghia xa hoi trong thdi ky qua do,
1 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: CUdng llnh xdy dUng dat niidc trong
thdi ky qua do ten chu nghia xd hoi (Bo sung, phat trien nam 2011),
Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia - Su that, Ha Noi, 2011, tr 13
thUc hien Cd che' thi trUdng, md c^a, hoi nhap Phai ttog biidc
thong qua difdng 16'i, chii trUdng, chinh sach va cong tac lanh dao, chi dao to chiic thiJc tiln ciia he thong chinh tri ciia doi
ngu can bo, dang vien dg" tvfng bu6c hien thi/c hoa muc tieu, ly tiidng, tinh uu Viet ciia chii nghia xa hoi tren da't nxidc ta Ttog bu6c nang cao ddi song vat cha't, tinh thin cua nhan
dan, ciia doi ngii can bo, dang vien, nhat la d viing sau, vung cao, viing xa, nhiing can cijf each mang trifdc day va nhflng gia dinh, nhiJng ngifdi c6 nhieu cong lao dong gop cho cong cuoc dau tranh giai phong dan toe, bao ve To quoc v6i nhiing che do, chinh sach phu hdp
Bon Id, cham lo xay diing he thong chinh tri trong sach, viing
manh, hoat dong c6 hieu liic, hieu qua, nhat la sii trong sach,
viing manh ve chinh tri, t\i tiicing va to chiic, c6 kha nang de ra
nhiing chii triidng, dUdng loi, chinh sach diing din, nhat la nhiing quyet sach 16n ve phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, ve chien liidc xay diing va bao ve To quoc Co nang liic to chiic lanh dao, quan ly, chi dao thiic tien gioi de nhanh chong diia nghi quyet, dUdng loi, chii triidng, chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha niJdc vao thiic tiln cuoc song Ket hdp chat che giiia giao due, ren luyen v6i tii giao due, tii ren luyen, cham lo xay diing doi ngii can bo, dang vien ca ve pham chat va nang liic, phu'dng phap, tac phong cong tac, xiing dang la ngiidi lanh dao, ngifdi day td that trung thanh ciia nhan
dan, vita, "hong" va "chuyen" nhii Bac Ho da day Dac biet la kien quyet dau tranh chong moi bieu hien suy thoai ve tii txidng, chinh
tri, dao dilc, loi song theo tinh than Nghi quyet Trung lidng 4
(khoa XI) Mot so'van de cap bach ve xdy ditng Dang hien nay dat
dUdc muc dich, yeu cau de ra Tiep tuc thiic hien tot viec hoc tap
va lam theo tam gifdng dao diic Ho Chi Minh
Nam la, tich ciic dau tranh phong, chong am miiu, thii doan
"dien bien hoa binh" de thuc day qua trinh "tii diin bien",
Trang 9" t i i chuyen hoa" tii ben trong cua cac the liic t h u dich do'i v6i
each mang nxidc ta, nhat la t r e n mat t r a n t\i tiidng, ly luan
Trong do, can quan t a m den cac noi dung, bien phap n h i i : tiep
tuc giao due nang eao nhan thiie, xac d i n h ro hdn v i t r i , vai tro,
trach nhiem cua cac liic liidng t h a m gia dau t r a n h lam t h a t bai
am m i i u , t h u doan chong pha cua cac the liic t h u dich t r e n l i n h
viic tif tUdng, ly luan; tang ciidng cong tac lanh dao, chi dao
euoe dau t r a n h t r e n l l n h vvfc t\i tiicing, ly luan lam t h a t bai am
mifu, t h u doan chong pha ciia cac the l\lc t h u dich; xac d i n h ro
noi dung, h i n h thiic, bien phap, to chiic lUc lifdng va xac d i n h ro
cd che phoi hdp giiia cac \\ic lUdng dau t r a n h p h u hdp va c6 hieu
qua thiet thiic; thifdng xuyen quan t a m nghien cu[u tong ket
thUc tien, phat t r i e n ly l u a n dau t r a n h lam t h a t bai am m i i u ,
t h i i doan chong pha cua cac the life t h u dich t r e n l l n h vxic t\l
tufcing, ly l u a n ; quan t a m d^u t i l nhufng dieu kien bao dam cho
cuoc dau t r a n h t r e n mat t r a n t i i tiidng, ly l u a n ngay cang hdp
ly, CO hieu qua hdn
Sdu Id, ket hdp chat che giiia "xay" v6i "chong", lay xay
diing cho ta m a n h len ve moi mat la chinh, nhat la giii viJng svf
on d i n h chinh t r i , giiJ vufng d i n h hiidng xa hoi chu nghia, xay
diing va phat t r i e n k i n h te, van hoa, xa hoi, tang ciidng qudc
phong, an n i n h , md rong quan he doi ngoai Cham lo xay dUng
n h a n to con ngiJdi, nang cao k h a nang " t u bao ve", tang ciidng
"siic de khang", k h a nang "mien dich" trii6c moi am mUu, t h u
doan chong pha cua cac the liic t h u dich b^ng "dien bien hoa
binh" N a n g cao "siic de k h a n g " ciia moi can bo, dang vien trildc
sU tac dong t i f mat tieu ciic ciia cd che t h i t n i d n g , md ciia, hoi
nhap Day la bien phap tot nhat, tich cxic, chii dong nhat va
bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" t r o n g can bo, dang vien hien nay
T V P H A N B I E N vA " T l T D I E N B I E N "
-R A N H GlOil M O N G MANH C U A B A N L I N H
vA Sir L E C H C H U A N V E TlT T l / d N G C H I N H T R I
T S L E H A I '
Xet ve n h a n thilc chinh t r i , t i i phan bien, " t i i dien bien" deu
la qua t r i n h dien bien noi t a m , noi t i i duy phiic tap ciia moi ca the n h a n thiic, n h i i n g la hai t h a i ciic do'i lap: Do la con diidng
t i m x u hiidng phat t r i e n t a t yeu ciia sii vat, hien tUdng, boi dap them ban l l n h chinh t r i hoac ciing c6 the dan t6i n h i i n g sai lam
ve t i i tUdng chinh t r i H a i t h a i ciic doi lap n h i i n g cd r a n h gi6i rat mong manh, dien ra t r o n g noi t a i kho nhan biet, neu khong
t i n h tao va c6 giac quan chinh t r i nhay ben, khong diidc t r a n g
hi phong t r i thiic chung, t r i thilc chinh t r i day d i i , r a n h gi6i mong m a n h t r e n c6 the b i pha vd, " t i i chuyen hoa" t i i " t r ^ n g "
t h a n h "den" xay ra ngay giiia hai qua t r i n h nay
1. "Txi d i d n b i e n " v a t\i p h a n b i e n t r o n g n h a n thiJc
c h i n h t r i ,
" T i i dien bien" la qua t r i n h chuyen bien t i i ben t r o n g moi ca the n h a n thiic, theo hai chieu hvi6ng tich ciic va tieu ciic, lay he
* T a p chi C o n g s a n
Trang 10quy chieu la y thiic he (he t\l txxdng) cua Dang "Tvt dien bien"
khong phai la hien tiidng xay ra trong mot sdrh, mot chieu, ma
la ca qua trinh Neu chieu hif6ng tich ciic mang tinh troi, thi "tU
dien bien" c6 the dieu chinh t\i duy tit sai lam chuyen hifdng
thanh nhan thiic chinh tri dung dan Ngiidc lai, chieu hifdng
tieu ciic Ian at se dkn tdi nhiing nhan thiic lech ve chinh tri C)
day, de cap tdi "tu dien bien" theo nghia tieu cUc
Tu phan bien la qua trinh t\i danh gia lai tinh dung, sai cua
s\i vat, hien tiidng trong thitc tien ddi song chinh tri, bang cac
phUdng phap t\i duy logic No la mot qua trinh tif duy dien ra tU
nhien, lien tuc va thiidng xuyen, thoi thuc bdi chinh nhu cau va
ham muoh tim kiem chan ly ciia ban than moi chu the nhan
thilc Noi each khac, day la qua trinh t\i viidn tdi va phat trien
khong ngtfng mot each tich ciic ve t\i tifdng, nhan thiic chinh
tri, theo he tU tiicing ciia Dang, cua moi ca the nhan thiic Tii
phan bien la noi t\X duy, nhiing bieu hien ra ben ngoai la s\i
thay doi tich cilc ve thai do va hanh vi ting xii doi v6i cac van de
chinh tri ciia chii the nhan thiic Khac vdi t\i phe binh la tii
nhin ra nhiing ifu, khuyet diem ciia ban than, thi tii phan bien
dong ciia sii vat, hien tifdng chinh tri bat ky difdc chii the nhan
thttc quan tam, la diing hay sai
"Tii dien bien" va tiJ phan bien deu la nhiing bieu hien khac
nhau ciia sii tit y thiic ciia con ngifdi va bcii y thiic mang ban
chat xa hoi, nen ca hai qua trinh tren dii deu dien bien ben
trong cac ca the nhvfng khong biet lap, ma chiu sii tac dong, chi
phoi rat 16n ciia cac yeu to' khach quan ben ngoai ddi song chinh
tri - xa hoi, hdn the, con lay chinh cac yeu to khach quan nay
lam can cii cho qua trinh tii tii duy ciia minh Hay noi each
khac, "tii dien bien" ciia ca the khong bao gid tach rdi khoi dien
bien xa hoi Nhan thiic ve "tii dien bien" va tii phan bien c6 y
nghia rat quan trong trong viec dinh hiidng qua trinh van dong tii duy chinh tri va ren luyen ban hnh chinh tri ciia moi can bo, dang vien
2 Dau tranh gii^a t\i duy chinh tri "den" va "trang"
Theo nghia thong thiidng tren, "tii dien bien" va tii phan bien dai dien cho tii duy c6 chieu hiidng tieu ciic va tu duy tich ciic trong nhan thiic chinh tri ciia moi chii the nhan thiic Tuy nhien, van de d chd, day la qua trinh dien bien noi tai ciia y
thiic het siic triiu tiidng, kho nim bit, kho nhan biet, nen
khong CO sii rach roi giiia diing va sai Chinh vi vay, thudng
xuyen xuat hien hien tiidng, diing triidc mot van de chinh tri can nhan thiic, luan giai, khi lat lai hay phan bac no, ban than nhieu can bo, dang vien khong doan dinh diidc minh dang tii phan bien hay dang c6 dau hieu "tii dien bien" Do do, can phan biet giiia hai qua trinh tren
Thvt nhdt, tU phan bien khac "tit dien bien" la ngUdi phan bien hodi nghi cd cd sd vd phiCdng phdp tii duy khoa hoc Tii
phan bien g^n lien vdi tii duy phan bien - qua trinh tii duy bien chiing, phan tich va danh gia mot van de chinh tri theo-cach nhin khac so vdi each da dat ra ban dau, nh^m lam sang to va khang dinh lai tinh chinh xac ciia van de Tii phan bien nhat thiet phai tim kiem luan cii, luan chiing t^ hien thiic khach quan, tuyet doi khong diing y chi chii quan hay diing cam xiic yeu, ghet mang tinh ca nhan de doan dinh v6 can cil Neu cac y kien mang danh phan bien ma khong ton trong khoa hoc phan bien, se rdi vao tinh trang "thay boi xem voi", chiet trung, phien dien, chup mii, quy ket, ket luan diia ra khong chinh xac Lap luan tii phan bien phai ro rang, logic, day du luan cii, luan chiing khoa hoc, ti mi, cong tam va nhin nhan sii viec, hien tiidng bao gid ciing da chieu, tdan dien va lich sii cu the