Nghiên cứu khả năng xử lý nước thải chế biến mắm châu đốc bằng công nghệ oxi hóa nâng cao ozone UV

Truong Kien TlwTrang Hi•Hinh 4.2: Bilu dd bilu didn su thay ddi SS theo thdi gian cua mo hinh sudung ozone26Hinh 4.3: Bilu dd bieu diln su thay ddi COD theo thdi gian cua mo hinh sudung

An Giang, 05/2013 GVHD: Th.S Truong Kien Tho

KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP

HO VAN THANG TRtfONG BAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA KY THU^T - CONG NGHI^ - MOI TRtfONG

ca hoi tiep can cong viec nghien curu khoa hoc nen con gap khong it kho khan,nhung dugc su dong vien giup da nhiet tinh cua quy Thay co, gia dinh va ban

be da giup toi hoan thanh khoa lu^n tot nghiep nay Trong khoang thai giannay giup toi nang cao dugc kien thiic chuyen mon, tong ket dugc nhung kinhnghiem thuc tiSn trong Bnh vuc moi truong Day se la nhung kien thiic b6 ich,

la hanh trang quy gia cho cong viec cua toi trong tuang lai Thong qua bai baocao khoa luan tot nghiep nay, toi xin chan thanh cam an den:

Ban giam hieu Nha Truang, Khoa Ky thuat - Cong nghe - M6i truang,quy Thiy co trong Bo mon Moi truang va Phat triSn b^n vung da trang bi ki^nthuc cho toi trong suot qua trinh hpc tap

Thay Truang Kien Thp da tan tinh hudng dan va dong gop nhung y kienquy bau cho toi trong suot qua trinh thuc hien de tai khoa luan tot nghiep.Thay NguySn Trung Thanh, co Nguyln H6ng Nhat can bo phu trachphong thi nghiem Khoa Ky thuat - Cong nghe - Moi truang da cung cap tailieu va giup da toi trong qua trinh thi nghiem

Ngoai ra toi xin gui lai cam an den tat ca nhung nguai ban cua toi,nhung nguai da gan bo, cung hoc tap va giup d9 chung toi trong nhung namqua cung nhu trong suot qua trinh thuc hien de tai khoa luan tot nghiep

Mac du da co nhieu co g^ng, no luc nhung vai kiSn thuc va thai giannghien cuu con h^n che nen noi dung d^ tai khong thi tranh nhung thilu sot.Rat mong nhan dugc su gop y cua quy Thly co

Toi xin chan thanh cam an!

Long Xuyen, ngay 2 thang 5 nam 2013

Sinh vien thuc hien

Th.S Truong Kiln ThoLong Xuyen, ngay 17 thang 5 nam 2013NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN HtfONG DAN

TS Nguyln Trung ThanhLong Xuyen, ngay 17 thang 5 nam 2013NHN XET CUA GIANG VIEN PHAN BIENI

Th.S Truong Khanh Nhat ThaoLong Xuyen, ngay 17 thang 5 nam 2013NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN PHAN BIEN II

2.1.1 Vdinetve che Men mam ChduDdc3 '2.1.2 Ngudn goc phdt sinh nude thai che biin mam.•4

2.1.3 Phuongphdp xic ly nude thai che Men mam Men nay42.3.Tong quan ve phuong phap oxihoanang cao52.3.1.Nhung hqn che cua qua trinh oxi hda hda hoc bang ede tdc nhdnoxihoa thong thudng52.3.2.Nhung uu viet cua qua trinh phdn huy oxi hda bang goc tu do

hydroxyl (*OH)6

2.3.3.Cdc qua trinh tqo ra goc hydroxyl (*OH)92.3.4.Phdn loqi cdc qua trinh oxi hda ndng cao102.4.Mot so qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao da duoc nghien ciiu122.4.1.Qua trinh oxi hda ndng cao khdng nhd tdc nhdn dnh sang122.4.2.Qua trinh oxi hda ndng cao nhd tdc nhdn dnh sang14CHUONG ni: NOI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU18

3.1.Boi tuong nghien cuu183.2.Thai gian nghien ciiu18

3.3.Muctieu nghien cuu 18 3.3.1.Muc tieu chung18 3.3.2.Muc tieu cu thh18

3.4.Npi dung nghien cuu193.5.Phuang tien va vat lieu nghien cuu193.6.Phuang phap nghien ciiu193.6.1 Phuong phdp phdn tich cdc thong so 6 nhiem19

GVHD: ThS Truong Klin ThpTrangii

SVTH: Hd Van Thdng

Khoa lu&n tit nghepLop DH10MT

3.6.2.Phucrngphdp xic ly so lieu22

3.6.3.B6trimo hlnh22

3.7 Thai gian hru trong 6ng24CHlTONG IV: KET QUA THAO LUAN25

4.1.Ket qua do cac chi tieu ciia mau nude thai theo thai gian26

4.1.1.Kit qua do cac chi tieu ciia mo hlnh sic dung ozone :26 4.1.2.Kit qua do cac chi tieu cua mo hlnh sic dung ozone vd UV31

4.2.Ket qua do cac chi tieu cua mau nude thai theo he so pha loang36

4.2.1.Kit qua do cac chi tieu cua mo hlnh sic dung ozone36

4.2.2.Kit qua do cac chi tieu cua mo hlnh sic dung ozone va UV41CHUONG V: KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI485.1.K6tluan485.2 Kiln nghi49TAI LIEU THAM KHAO50

GVHD: ThS Truong Kien TlwTrang Hi

•Hinh 4.2: Bilu dd bilu didn su thay ddi SS theo thdi gian cua mo hinh sudung ozone26Hinh 4.3: Bilu dd bieu diln su thay ddi COD theo thdi gian cua mo hinh sudung ozone27Hinh 4.4: Bilu dd bilu dien su thay ddi NH4+ theo thdi gian cua mo hinh sudung ozone28Hinh 4.5: Mo hinh xu ly nude thai chS bifin mim b^ng qua trinh ozone29Hinh 4.6: Mo hinh xu ly nude thai che bien mam bang qua trinh ozone danghoatdpng29Hinh 4.7: Mau thu dugc sau khi sue khi ozone trong thdi gian 240 phut30Hinh 4.8: BiSu dd bieu diln su thay ddi pH theo thdi gian cua mo hinh sudung ozone va UV31Hinh 4.9: BiSu dd bieu diln su thay ddi SS theo thdi gian cua md hinh sudung ozone va UV32Hinh 4.10: Bidu dd bieu diln su thay ddi COD theo thdi gian cua md hinh sudung ozone va UV33Hinh 4.11: Bieu dd bieu dien sir thay ddi NH4+ theo thdi gian cua md hinh su

dung ozone vaUV'.34

Hinh 4.12: Md hinh xd ly nude thai che bien m^m bang qua trinh ozone vaUVr35Hinh 4.13: Mau thu dugc sau khi sue khi ozone va UV trong thdi gian 240

phut35

GVHD: ThS Truong Kim ThpTrmig iv

SVTH: Ho Van Thing

Khoa limn tdt nghepL&p DH10MT

Hinh 4.14: Bieu do bieu dien su thay doi pH theo he so pha loang cua mohinh su dung ozone36Hinh 4.15: Bieu do bieu dien su thay doi SS theo he so pha loang cua mo hinh

su dung ozone37Hinh 4.16: Bieu do bieu dien su thay doi COD theo he so pha loang cua mohinh sur dung ozone38Hinh 4.17: Bilu d6 bilu diln su thay dli NH4+ theo he s6 pha loang cua mohinh su dung ozone40Hinh 4.18: Mau thu dugc sau khi sue khi ozone trong thai gian 240 phut theo

he s6 pha loang41

Hinh 4.19: Bieu do bieu dien su thay doi pH theo he so pha loang cua mohinh sudung ozone vaUV42

Hinh 4.20: Bilu d6 bilu diin su thay d6i SS theo he s6 pha loang cua mo hinh

su dung ozone vaUV43Hinh 4.21: Bieu d6 bilu diln su thay d6i COD theo he s6 pha loang cua mohinh su dung ozone va UV44Hinh 4.22: Bilu d6 bilu diln su thay d6i NH4+ theo he s6 pha loang cua mohinh su dung ozone va UV46Hinh 4.23: Mau thu dugc sau khi sue khi ozone va UV trong thai gian 240phut theo he so pha loang47

GVHD: ThS Truomg KiSn TitoTrang vSVTH-.mVatiTMng

Klwa luan tdt nghepL&p DH10MT

DANH SACH BANG

Bang 2.1: Kha nang oxi hoa cua mot so tac nhan oxi hoa6

Bang 2.2: Cac hop chit hilu ca bi oxi hoa boi g6c hydroxyl (*OH) da dugcnghienciiu9Bang 2.4: Cdc qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao khong nha tac nhan anh sang10Bang 2.5: Cac qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao nhd tac nhan anh sang11Bang 2.6: D^c trung pho bile xa dien tu cua anh sang14Bang 3.1: Ti&i dp thirc hien &b tai18Bang 4.1: K6t qua do cac chi tieu cua mlu nuac thai dau vao25Bang 4.2: KSt qua do pH sau khi sue khi ozone theo thai gian25Bang 4.3: Ket qua do SS sau khi sue khi ozone theo thai gian26Bang 4.4: KSt qua do COD sau khi sue khi ozone theo thai gian27Bang 4.5: Ket qua do NH/ sau khi sue khi ozone theo thai gian28Bang 4.6: K8t qua do pH sau khi sue khi ozone vaUV theo thai gian31Bang 4.7: Ket qua do SS sau khi sue khi ozone va UV theo thai gian32Bang 4.8: Ket qua do COD sau khi sue khi ozone theo thai gian33Bang 4.9: KSt qua do NH4+ sau khi sue khi ozone va UV theo thai gian34Bang 4.10: Ket qua do pH sau khi sue khi ozone theo he so pha loang36Bang 4.11: Ket qua do SS sau khi sue khi ozone theo he so pha loang37Bang 4.12: Ket qua do COD sau khi sue khi ozone theo he so pha loang38

Bang 4.13: Ket qua do NH,^ sau khi sue khi ozone theo he s6 pha loang 39

Bang 4.14: Ket qua do pH sau khi sue khi ozone va UV theo he s6 pha loang

41Bang 4.15: Ket qua do SS sau khi sue khi ozone va UV theo he s6 pha loang

42Bang 4.16: Ket qua do COD sau khi sue khi ozone va UV theo he so phaloang44Bang 4.17: Ket qua do NH4+ sau khi sue khi ozone va UV theo he so phaloang45

GVHD: ThS Tmong Kiin ThpTrangvi SVTH: H6 Van Thang

Khoa liian tdt nghepLop DH10MT

DANH SACH TU* VIET TAT

V: Volt

SS: Chit r8n la lung

UV: Tia cue tlm

NT: Nuac thai

COD: Nhu ciu oxy hoa hpc

TOC: Tong cacbon hitu ca

AOPs: Qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao

USEPA: Co quan bao ve moi trubng My ^

GVHD: ThS TmerngKiSn ThgTrangvii

SVTH: Hb Van Thdng

Khda liian tdt nghep"L&pDHlOMT

NGHIEN CtfU KHA NANG XLf LY NUOC THAI CHE BIEN MAM CHAU DOC BANG CONG NGHE OXIHOA NANG CAO

(HE OZONE + TIA UV)

Tom tdt:

Cho den nay cong nghe xd ly nude thai che bien mam Chau Doc vandang la van de khd khan bdi thanh phan nude thai chiia ham lucmg hftu cacao, kho phan huy KSt qua khao sat tren nude thai ch^ bien mim sau xu ly daxac dinh thanh phSn nude thai con chua mot luqng dang kg cac hcrp chat huu

co vdi COD cao

Qua trinh oxi hda nang cao da duoc nghien cuu va ap dung thanh congtrong ltnh vuc xu ly nude va nude thai

De tai nay nghien cdu kha nang xu ly cua he ozone + tia cue tim de danhgia hieu qua xu ly nude thai cbi bien m^m

Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay, xu ly nude thai che bien mam bang congnghe oxi hda nang cao da chiing minh he ozone + tia cue tim xu ly hieu quahon so vdi he ozone vdi hieu suSt xu ly SS, COD, NH4+ cao han tCr 1.4 —9.8% Ap dung chay mo hinh O3AJV vdi ham lucmg O3 la 4g/h, cong suSt den

UV la 30W thl hieu qua xii ly COD cd thg dat 50.9% trong 240 phut va 67.1%trong 240 phut theo he s6 pha loang Nghieu cdu con cho thay sir thay doi pHtrong qua trinh xu ly

GVHD: ThS Trircmg Kien ThpTrang viii

SVTH: H6 Van Thing

Klwa hian tdt nghepL&p DH1OMT

RESEARCH CAPACITY PROCESSING WASTE WATER

TREATMENT SALTED FISH CHAU DOC BY OXIDIZE ADVANCED

TECHNOLOGY (THE UV + OZONE SYSTEM)

Abstract:

Up to now, processing wastewater treatment technology Chau Doc saltedfish being a difficult problem Because the wastewater composition containshigh organic content, hard disintegration Result investigated wastewaterprocessing salted fish after treatment were defined wastewater compositionstill contains significant amounts of organic compounds with high COD

Advanced oxidation process has been studies and successful applied in

the field of waste treatment and wastewater treatment.

This subject studies treatment capable of ozone + UV to evaluate the

effectivenessof wastewater treatment processing salted fish.

The reseach results showed that wastewater treatment processing saltedfish using technology advanced oxidative to proved ozone + UV treatmentmore effective than ozone with efficency treatment of SS, COD, NH^ highmore from 1.4% to 9.8% Apply O3/UV model run with O3 concentration is4g/h, UV lamp power is 30W, then the efficiency treatment of COD can reach50.9% in 240 minutes and 9701% in 240 minutes by the dilution factor.Studies have also showed that the pH change in the treatment process

CHl/ONG I: GIO1THIEU

M&m la nghd san xuat lau ddi a Dong bang song Cuu Long cua VietNam va mot so nude D6ng Nam A nhu Lao, Campuchia, Thai Lan, Malaysia,Myanmar, Indonesia va Philippines Vi co cung cac dieu kien thuan lpi cua tunhien Rieng a Thai Lan ngudita nhan thay co 16 loai mam khac nhau (3 cacquoc gia khac ngudi ta nhan thay ring chiing tuong tu cac loai mam d ThaiLan vd ban chat Tuy nhien, chung co the xuat hien vdi cac hinh thiic trinh baysan phim khac nhau, tuy thudc vao didu kien song, phong tuc tap quan cua cacdan toe (Adam, Cook et Rattagool, 1985)

Mam duqc lam tu ngudn thuy san nude ngpt la mdn an co gia tri cuangudi dan mien Tay Nam Bo ndi chung va cua vimg Chau Doc - An Giangndi rieng

MSm Chau Doc khdng chi la mdn an co truyen ndi tieng cua ngudi dandia phuong ma con la mdn an pho bidn va duoc xudt khau sang nhieu nudetren thd gidi nhim phuc vu cho ddng bao Viet Nam d xa to quoc

Ben canh do, san xuat mim la mot trong so cac nganh co nguy co gay dnhilm nghiem trong ddn mdi trudng bdi thanh phan nude thai che bien mamchua mpt lupng dang kd cac hop chit huu co khd phan huy nhu: mo, mudi, Nen nude thai che bien mam khdng the xu ly triet de bang cac cdng nghe

truyen thong.

Trudc nhQng yeu cau va thach thuc ngay cang cao ciia nganh xu ly nudethai, cac nha khoa hoc va cdng nghe da tien hanh nhidu cdng trinh nghien cuutheo hudng tim cac cdng nghe cao de hd trp cac cdng nghe xu ly truydn thong.Cac cdng nghe cao thudng gap nhu: cdng nghe lpc bang mang, cdng nghe khutrung nude bang buc xa tu ngoai, cdng nghe phan huy khoang hda chat dnhiem huu co bang qua trinh oxi hda nang cao

Trong so nhtrng cdng nghe do, cdng nghe dua vao qua trinh oxi hda nangcao la cdng nghe dupe nghien cuu va ung dung nhieu nhat trong thai gian gan

day.

Vao nam 1987 Gurol va Vatistas da so sanh hieu cua cac qua trinh oxihda nang cao: UV, O3, UV/O3 cho xu If cac hop chit phenol Kdt qua nghiducuu da chung minh kha nang khd TOC trong he UV/O3 la cao hon hln

GVHD: ThS Tmffng Kiin ThoTrang 1

SVTH: Hd Vein Tilting

Klwa luan tSt nghepLopDHlOMT

GVHD: ThS Truong Kien ThpTrang 2

SVTH: Hd Van Thing

Khoa hum tit nghepLefp DH10MT

Nghien eta khac cua Stowell et at (1990) cung da xac dinh he UV/O3 cokha nang gia tang toe dp oxi hoa acid chlorendic Trong do, cac ygu to nhu

pH, su hien dien cua ion carbonat va cuong dp anh sang se anh huong dang ked6n qua trinh hinh thanh g6c hydroxyl hoat tinh

Lai et al (1995) da nghien cuu oxi hoa simazin trong nuoc thai tu taobang qua trinh UV/O3 Nong dp ban dau cua simazin: 4 mg/1 Thai gian ltrutrong thiSt bi phan tag: 15 phut Su oxi hoa xay ra hoan toan khi str dung O3vai luang 34 mg/phut va pH = 7,2

Tir nhtag uu viet tren, chung toi thuc hien &h tai: "Nghien cuu khanang x& ly nu&c thai die Men mam Ch&u Doc bang cdng nghi oxi hoanang cao (Ozone + UV)" de gop phan khac phuc cac van de 6 nhiem tir nuacthai che bien mam

Trang3GVHD: TliS Trwffng Kien Tho

Rua, cte rao

Xiily

2.1 T6ng quan vl nirox thai ch biSn ra^m Chau B6c

2.1.1 Vai net v6 ch^biln mam Chau D6c

•4 Nguyen lieu: che biln mim chu yeu tCr nguon thuy san nuac ngpt

nhu: Ca 16c, ca linh, ca chot, ca thieu,

4 So lupt ve quy trinh che Men mam

CHUONG II: LtTGC KHAO TAI LIEU

LdpDHlOMTKit6a luan tdt nghSp

KItda luan tdt nghepLop DH1OMT

2.1.2.Nguon goc phat sinh nude thai che bien mam

Nude thai che bien mim gdm co: Nude san xuat, nude thai ve sinh congnghiep va nuac thai sinh hoat

>Nuac th^i san xuit la loai nude dugc dung di rua nguyen lieu trong

day chuyen che bien mam.

>Nude thai ve sinh cong nghiep la loai nude dung de ve sinh chocong nhan trudc va sau khi vao lam viec, nude diing de rua dung cu che bien,thiet bi, may mdc va san nha mi ngay

^Nude thai sinh hoat ciia can bp, cong nhan vien trong cac ca sd.Day cung la lupng nude thai dang ki vi trong ca sd che bien mam cd so lupngcong nhan kha dong, do do nhu ciu su dung nude cho cac hoat dong sinh hoat

la rlt cao.

2.1.3.Phuoug phap xit ly nude thai chl bien mam hien nay

Hien nay, ngudi ta van ap dung phuang phap truyen thong (phuang phap

ca hoc) d^ xii ly nude thai ch6 bien mim:

Phuang phap ca hoc: nham loai bo khdi nude thai cac chdt phan tan tho,

cac chat vo ca (cat, san, sdi ), cac chat la lung cd the lang dupe bang each lang va lpc , va dupe thuc hien qua cac cong trinh dan vi tuong ung nhu:

song chin rac (hoac ludi lpc rac), b^ ling cat, be tach diu ma va cac chat ndikhac, be diiu hda, b lam thoang so bp, be ling, bi lpc

Trong rat nhieu trudng hpp, phuang phap thong thudng ke tren khongdat hieu qua cao Vdi cac loai nude thai nhiem cac chat doc kho phan huy,

chang han thuoc trir sau, thuoc diet cd, con, det nhupm , vi sinh vat hau nhu

khong hoat dong dupe, do vay ap dung phuang phap vi sinh to ra rat it hieuqua De.giai quyit van de nay, ngudi ta da ap dung cac phuang phap oxi hdanang cao (Advanced Oxidation Processes-AOPs)

2.3 Tong quan ve phuang phap oxi hda nang cao

Mot trong nhung cong nghe cao noi len gan day la cong nghe phan huykhoang hda chat 6 nhiem huu ca trong nude va nude thai dua vao qua trinhoxi hda nang cao Qua trinh oxi hda nang cao dupe dinh nghla la nhung qua, trinh phan huy oxi hda dua vao gdc tu do hoat dong hydroxyl (*OH) dupe tao

ra ngay trong qua trinh xu ly Gdc hydroxyl la tac nhan oxi hda manh nhittrong sd cac tac nhan oxi hda dupe biet tu trudc den nay, cd kha nang phanGVHD: ThS Truffng Kiin ThoTrang 4SVTH: Ho Van ThSngx

Khoa luan tdt nghepLopDHlOMT

My oxi hoa moi hgp chat huu ca, du la loai khd phan huy nhat, chuyen hoachiing thanh cac hop chat vo ca khdng doc Mi nhvr CO2, H2O, cac axit vo ca

Tir nhung tac nhan oxi hoa thong thuong nhu hydrogen peroxit, ozone co the

nang cao kha nang oxi hoa cua chung bang cac phan ting hoa hoc khac nhau

de tao ra cac goc hydroxyl, thuc hien qua trinh oxi hoa gian tiep thong qua gochydroxyl

Cac qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao da n6i len trong nhung nam gan day nhumot loai cdng nghe cao co tarn quan trong trong viec day manh qua trinh oxihoa, giiip phan My nhieu loai chat huu ca 6 nhiem khac nhau trong nude, dacbiet la cac chat 6 nhiem huu ca kho phan huy

Gin day, cac qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao dugc nghien cuu nhieu va lingdung rat nhieu trong lihh vuc xu ly nude thai

2.3.1 Nhfl'ng han che cua qua trinh oxi hoa hoa hoc bang cac tac

nhan oxi hoa thong thuxmg

a)Khi Clo (Cl2)

Clo la chit oxi hoa hoa hoc tdt dugc sii dung dd khii Fe2+ trong nudengam hoac nude mat, trong khu trung nude sau khi xii ly Vi cio la chat oxihoa manh, re tidn va de sii dung nen dugc su dung phd bien trong llnh vuc xii

ly nude, nude thai cho din ngay nay Tuy vay nhugc didm cua clo la tac dungvdi chat huu ca thien nhien, tao ra hop chat huu ca chiia clo co nguy ca gayung thu cho ngudi sii dung (Fran Manh Tri— Trdn Manh Trung, 2006)

b)Kali permanganat (KMnO^)

Kali permanganate la chat oxi hoa dugc sii dung rpng rai trong xu lynude Day la chat oxi hoa manh han clo, co the lam viec trong khoan pH rpng,nhung dat tien Them vao do, qua trinh hay tao ra mangan dioxit d dang khongtan va phai tach ra bang phuang phap hoa hoc hoac lang; vi vay kha nang tangthem chi phi cho qua trinh xu ly la didu khong thl tranh khoi

c)Hydrogen peroxit (H2O2)

Hydrogen peroxit la chat oxi hoa manh han clo va kali permanganatnhung yeu han ozone (O3) va dugc sii dung rat phd bien trong xii ly nude thai

de phan My cac chat huu ca va khu mau cua nude thai nganh giay hoac detnhupm Ngoai ra, uu diem cua hydrozen peroxit la khong sinh ra chit dochoac chat co mau trong qua trinh sii dung Tuy nhien, kha nang oxi hoa ciiahydrozen oxit khong dii manh de khoang hoa Man toan chit d nhidm huu canhu yeu ciu da dat ra (Trin Manh Tri- Trdn Manh Trung, 2006)

GVHD: ThS Truong KiSn TlwTrang 5

SVTH: Hd Van Thing

GVHD: ThS Truffng Kiin ThpTrang 6 SVTH: H6 Van Thdng

1,451,491,571,591,681,782,072,80

The oxi hda (V)

Hypoiodic acidHypocloric axitClo dioxitHydrobromic axit

Permanganat

Hydrogen peroxit

Ozone

Goc hydroxylTac nhan oxi hda

Khoa hum tdt ngltepLop DH10MT

d) Ozone (O3)

Ozone la chit oxi hda manh hern so vdi cac chat oxi hda thong dung ketren No dugc sii dung lam chat khu trung, phan huy cac chat him co hoac de

khu mau nude thai, khu miii hoi, khu sit hoac mangan, uu diem cua

mangan la tu phan My, khong dl lai cac phu pham la va nguy hiem trongnude sau khi phan ring Tuy vay, ozone kem hoa tan trong nude va la hop chatkhong bin, thai gian tin tai chi vai phut Vi vay de dat duac so luang ozonehoa tan trong nude dii ldn cho qua trinh oxi hoa, phai dua vao he mot so lupngozone ldn Ngoai nhugc dilm tren, khi su dung ozone lam chat oxi hoa trong

xu 11 nude va nude thai la phai san xuat ozone tai cho, ngay trong day chuyen

xiily.

2.3.2 Nhu-ng uti viet cua qua trinh phan huy oxi hoa bing goc tu1 do

hydroxyl (*OH)

a) G6c hydroxyl (*OH) va kha nang oxi hoa cua goc hydroxyl

Oxi hoa la qua trinh trong do electron dugc chuy^n tir chat nay sang chatkhac Di^u nay tao cho ra mot the dien cue dugc bieu thi bing volt (V) du trenhieu the dien cue hydrogen bang 0 Moi chat (tac nhan) oxi hoa deu cd mot theoxi hoa khac nhau va dai lugng nay dung de danh gia tinh oxi hoa manh hayyeu khac nhau cua chung Kha nang oxi hoa dugc the hien qua the oxi hoa vadugc sap xep theo thii tu trong bang 2.1

Bang 2.1: Kha nang oxi hoa cua mot so tac nhan oxi hda

GVHD: ThS Truong Kiin ThoTrang 7

SVTH: H6 Van Thdng

Khoa lunn tdt nghepL&pDHlOMT

Clo1,36Brom1,09Iod0,54

(Ngudn: Tr&n Manh Tri- Trdn Manh Trung, 2006)Trorig cac tac nhan oxi hoa tren, g6c tu do hyroxyl (*OH) la tac nhan oxihoa manh nhat Qua bang 2.4 ta thay, the oxi hoa goc hydroxyl la 2;8 V, caonhat trong so cac tac nhan oxi hoa thuang gap, gap 2,05 Ian clo va 1,52 Ian

ozone.

Bac tinh cua g6c tir do la trung hoa v6 dien trong khi cac ion dieumang dien tich duong hoac am Goc tu do dugc tao thanh tir sir tach ra haiphan bang nhau cua lien ket hai electron, vi du: khi quang phan H2O2 se thuduqc 2 goc *OH nhu sau:

HO:OH + hv - *OH + *OHM6i g6c *OH d6u khong mang dien, hai g6c *OH co the kt hop trdlai thanh HOOH cung khong mang dien (Luu y: ky hi6u* cho biSt la goc tir

do va bieu thi mot electron le doi) Goc tir do nay khong ton tai san trong moitnrong nhu nhung tac nhan oxi hoa thong thuong, ma chi san sinh ra ngaytrong qua trinh phan ling, co thai gian song rat ngan, khoang vai nghin giaynhung lien tuc dugc sinh ra trong su6t qua trinh phan tog (Tran Manh Tri -Trdn Mgnh Trung, 2006)

b) Co' che phan ung va phuong thiic phan irng cua goc hydroxylOH*

Mt khi goc tu do dugc hinh thanh, lap tiic xay ra hang loat cac phan tag

ke tiep theo kieu day chuyen vdi nhung goc hoat dpng mdi VI vay, sir hinhthanh g6c hydroxyl dugc xem nhu la mot sir khai mao cho hang loat cac phantog xay ra ke tiep trong dung dich Vi phan tog cua g6c hydroxyl xay rakhong chpn lira, nen trong qua trinh do tao ra nhieu san pham trung gian khacnhau, kho tien don tat ca nhtog san pham oxi hoa trung gian co thl tao ratrong qua trinh

Goc hydroxyl (*OH) co thl tac kich vdi cac chdt 6 nhilm theo cac kilu

sau:

GVHD: ThS Truong Kien ThoTrang 8

SVTH: Hd Van TMng

Khoa luan tdl nghepL&pDHlOMT

-Phan mig cong vdi cac hap chit khong no day thang hoac vong thorn,tao ra goc mdi hydroxylat hoat dpng:

*OH + CH2 = CH2 -> *CH2-CH2(OH)-Phan ling tach hydrogen tir cac hop chat no hoac khong no, tao thanhnude va goc mdi hoat dpng:

*OH + CH3 - CO - CH3 - *CH2COCH3 + H2O

- Phan ling trao dien ttr tao ra g6c ion mdi hoat dpng:

*OH + CH3-S-C6H5 -^ [CH3-S-C6H5]+*+ OH"

Qua trinh phan ling tiep tuc phat triin nhd cac gdc tir do mdi sinh ra theokieu phan ling day chuyen cho den khi vo co hda (khoang hoa) hoan toan hoacday chuyen bi diit.'

Muc dich mong muon cuoi cung trong qua trinh oxi hda cac chit 6 nhiemtrong nude thai la di vo co hda, tiic chyin chit 6 nhidm him co thanh cac chat

vo co don gian va khong doc hai Cu the la:

-Carbon trong phan tir chit 6 nhilm thanh carbon dioxide

-Hydrogen trong phan hi chat 6 nhilm thanh nude

-Phospho trong phan hi chat 6 nhiem thanh phosphate hay acidphosphoric

-Sulfur trong phan hi chat 6 nhiem thanh sulfate

-Nitrogen trong phan tu chat 6 nhilm thanh nitrate

-Halogen trong phan hi chat 6 nhilm thanh acid halogenic

-Cac hop chat vo co tao thanh trang thai oxi hda cao hon nhu Fe2+ thanh

Trang 9GVHD: ThS Truong Kien Tho

nguon nang lupng cao (sieu am, tia gamma, tia X, chum electron).

Amin

ThudcnhuomEter Tetrahydrofuran

Keton Dihydroxyaxeton, metyl-etyl-keton

Anilin, amin vong, dietylamin, dimetylfocmamid,EDTA, propandiamin, n-propylamin

Antraquinon, diazo,monoazo

Benzen, clorobenzen, clorophenol, creozot,

Aromatic diclorophenol, hydroquinon, p-nitrophenol, phenol,

toluen, triclorophenol,xylem, trinitrotoluene.

Fomic, gluconic,lactic, malic,propionic, tactaric

Benzyl, tert-butyl, etanol, etylen, glycol, glyxerol, iso-propanol,methanol, propenediol

Axetaldehyl, benzaldehyd, focmaldehyl, glyoxal,iso-butyraldehyd, tricloroaxetaldehyd

Bang 2.2: Cdc hap chat him ca bi oxi hoa bai goc hydroxyl (*0H) da

duac nghien cim.

Ldp DH10MTKhoa luan tot nghep

TranglOGVHD: TliS Truffng Kiin Tho

SVTH: Hd Van Thing

(Ngudn: Trdn Mqnh Tri- Tran Manh Trung, 2006)

^" Cac qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao nho tdc nhdn dnh sang

Cac qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao nho tac nhan anh sang la cac qua trinhnho nang lugng buc xa tia cue tim UV, bao gom cac qua trinh dugc trinh bay

d bang 2.4.

lugng cao

(1-10 Mev)

2H202va03H2O2 + 2O3-> 2*HO + 3O2Peroxon

3O3 va cac chit xuc3O3 + H2O —^!-• 2*HO +Catazon

tac4O24H2O va nang lugngH2O "* > *HO + *HOxi hoa dien

dien hoahoa5H2Ova nang lugngH2O """ > *HO + *HSieu am

sieuam '(20 - 40 kHz)

6H2O va nang lugngH2O —"-^ *HO + *HBile xa n&ng

2+-> Fe3+ + OH"+Fenton

*HOH202vaFe2

Ten qua trinhPhan ung dac trung

TT Tac nhan phan

ung

2.3.4 Phan loai cac qua trinh oxi hda nang cao

Theo co quan bao ve moi truong My (USEPA), dira theo dac tinh cuaqua trinh co hay khong co sii dung nguon nang lugng biic xa tu ngoai UV ma

co the phan loai cac qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao thanh hai nhom:

> Cac qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao khong nho tdc nhdn dnh sang

Cac qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao khong nho tac nhan anh sang la cac quatrinh khong nho nang lugng buc xa tia cue tim UV trong qua trinh phan ung

va chiing dugc liet ke 6 bang 2.3

Bang 2.4: Cac qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao khong nho tac nhan anh sang

L&pDHlOMTKhoa limn lit nghep

Trang 11GVHD: ThS Truong KiSn Thp

SVTH: Hd Van Thdng

(Ngudn: Trdn Manh Tri- Tran Mqnh Trung, 2006)

^ Tinli hlnh nghien ci^u, dp dung cdc qua trinh oxi hoa ndng caoMen nay

Nho mi the noi bat trong viec loai bo chat 6 nhiem huu co, dac biet lanhilng chat huu co kho phan hiiy sinh hoc Qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao diratren goc tu do *HO dupe xem nhu mot "chia khoa vdng" di gild cac bai toanday thach thiic cua the k^ cho nganh xu: ly nude thai hien nay Do la ly do taisao ngay nay cac qua trinh AOPs con dupe menh danh la cac qua trinh xu lynude thai cua the ky 21

tac ban dinQuang xiic

QuangFenton

Fe3++H2O —^-> *HO +Fe2++ H*"

Fe2+ + H2O2 —^ Fe3++ OH"

Tac nhan phan

lingTT

Bang 2.5: Cdc qua trinh oxi hoa ndng cao nhff tdc nhdn dnh sang

Lop DH10MT

Khoa ludn tdt nghep

GVHD: ThS TruongKiin TitoTrang 12

SVTH: H6 Van Thing

Tir nhung phan ling tren chung to tac dung cua sat dong vai tro la chatxiic tac Qua trinh khii Fe3+ thanh Fe2+ xay ra rit cham, hing s6 t6c dp phanling rat nho so voi phan ling (2.1), vi vay sit ton tai sau phan ling chu y^u 0

dang Fe3+.

Goc *HO sinh ra co kha nang phan ling voi Fe2+ va H2O2, nhung quantrong nhat la la co kha nang phan ling voi nhigu chit him co tao thanh cac g6chuu co co kha nang phan ling cao

*HO + H2O2 -> H2O + *HO2(2.3)

*HO + Fe2+ ->• OH' + Fe3+(2.4)

*HO + RH -^ H2O + *R(2.5)

Khoa hum tk nghipL&p DH1OMT

2.4 Mot so qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao da duoc nghien cii-u

2.4.1 Qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao khong nho' tac nhan anh sang

a) Qua trinh FENTON

Nam 1894 trong tap chi Hoi hoa hoc My da cong bo cong trinh nghien

ciiu cua J.H.Fenton, trong do ong quan sat thay phan ling oxi hoa axit malic

bang H2O2 da dupe gia tang manh khi co mat cac ion sat Sau do, to hop H2O2

va muoi sat Fe2+ dupe sur dung lam tac nhan oxi hoa rat hieu qua cho nhieu doi

tupng rong rai cac chat him co va duoc mang ten " tac nhan Fenton " (Fenton

Reagent)

<^ Cochl

He tac nhan Fenton dong the (Fenton co dien) la mot hon hop gom cacion sit hoa tri 2 va H2O2, chiing tac dung voi nhau sinh ra cac goc tu do *HO, •

con Fe2+ bi oxi hoa thanh Fe3+.

Fe2+ + H2O2-^Fe3+ + *HO + Off(2.1)Phan ling nay duoc gpi la phan ling Fenton vi Fenton la ngubi dau tien da

mo ta qua trinh nay nam 1894

Nhung ion Fe2+ mat di se dupe tai sinh lai nho Fe3+ tac dung voi H2O2

du theo phan ling:

Fe3+ + H2O2-^ Fe2+ + H^ + *HO2(2.2)

Khoa luan tdt nghep.L&pDHlOMT

G6c *R co thS oxy hoa Fe2+, khu: Fe3+ hoac dimer hoa theo nhungphuong trinh phan ung sau:

*HO2 + Fe2+ -> HO2" + Fe3+ •(2.9)

*HO2 + Fe3+ -^ tf" + O2 + Fe3+(2.10)Phuong trinh phan ling Fenton tong cong co dang:

Fe2+ + H2O2 + RH -^ Fe3+ + H2O + CO2(2.11)Mac du tac nhan Fenton da dugc biet hang the ky nay va thuc t6 dSchiing minh la mot tac nhan oxi hoa rat manh do sir hinh thanh goc hydroxyl(*HO) trong qua trinh phan ling, nhung co che cua qua trinh Fenton cho dennay van dang con tranh cai va tuyet dai da so cac nha nghien cuu thira nhan sirhinh thanh g6c hydroxyl (*HO) la nguyen nhan cua kha nang oxi hoa cao cua

tac nhan Fenton.

b) Qua trinh PEROXON

Qua trinh oxi hoa cua ozon vdi su co mat cua hydrogen peroxit(O3/H202) duoc goi la qua trinh Peroxon hoac Perozon

4 Co chl

Su khac nhau co ban giiJa hai qua trinh ozone va peroxon la a cho, quatrinh ozone thuc hien qua trinh oxi hoa cac chat 6 nhiem chu yeu true tiepbang phan hi ozone trong nude trong khi do qua trinh peroxon thuc hien suoxi hoa cac chat 6 nhiem chu yeu la gian tiep thong qua goc hydroxyl dugc tao

HO2" + O3 -^ *O3" + *HO2(2.18)

GVHD: ThS Truong Kiin ThpTrang 13 SVTH: Ed Van Thing

UVA UVB UVC

4

3

2

Khoa lium tdt nghipLop DH10MT

Cac phan ling tao thanh goc *HO:

-Taogdc *HOtic*O3~

O3 + H^ -> *HO3(2.19)

*HO3 - *HO + O2(2.20)

- Tao gdc *HO tic *HO2

H2O2 + 2O3 -? 2*HO +3O2(2.25)

2.4.2 Qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao nhop tac nhan anh sang

Tat ca cac qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao nho tac nhan anh sang deu dua vaonang luqrng cua cac biic xa th ngoai hay biic xa UV (Ultraviolet radiation).Biic xa UV dugc xac dinh nhu mot b\ic xa dien tir co budc song nam giua 100

va 400 nm, do la mien nam giua mien tia X va mien anh sang pho kien Phobiic xa dien ttr cua UV dugc phan chia cac thanh phan dac trung theo buoc

song nhu sau:

Bang 2.6: Dac trung pho bice xa dien tic cua anh sang

STTLoaiBuocsongX

(nm) 1UW100-200

200 - 280280-315315-400

5Kha kiSn400 - 700

(Ngudn: Phillips, 1983)

GVHD: ThS TruongKiin ThoTrang 14

SVTH: Hd Van Thing

GVHD: ThS Truong Kiin ThoTrang 15

SVTH: Hd Van Thdng

Su hap thu cua H2O2 dat dugc cue dai doi vdi bde xa UV budc song 200ran, vi vay sii dung den hai thuy ngan trung ap la thich hop trong trudng hopnay Tuy nhien, trong thuc te thudng su dqng nguon UV cua den hai thuyngan thap ap vdi budc song dac trung 253,7 nm vi tinh pho bien cua no choqua trinh oxi hoa ndi chung Trong trudng hop do, he so hip thu phan tu cuaH2O2 chi dat 19,61 M"'cm"' Vi ly do do, khi su dung den hai thuy ngan thip

ap vdi budc song 253,7 nm, phai tang lugng H2O2 dua vao de tao ra lugng goc

*OH du cho qua trinh Tuy nhien, khi tang lugng qua nhifiu H2O2 se xay rahien tugng bi mat mot so goc *OH, giam hieu qua cua qua trinh do cac phandng sau:

*OH + H2O2 -^ *HO2 + H2O2

*HO2 + H2O2 -^ *OH + H2O + O2

*HO2 + *HO2 -^ H2O2 + O2Tuy nhien, cung con mot con dudng khac tao ra gdc *OH tu H2O2 thongqua giai doan trung gian anion HO2" nhu sau (Munter, 2001):

H2O2 o HO2" + H+

HO2" ^ *OH + *O"

Khoa limn tbi nghepLop DH10MT

T6c do xu ly cua UV doi vdi nhung chit 6 nhiim va nhung hop chat hitu

ca doc trong nhiiu he th6ng da dirge nghien ciiu ky luong trong nhung thapnien vira qua Qua trinh oxi hoa quang hoa dugc phat trien gin day trong xu lynude thai va loai bo dugc nhung chit gay 6 nhilm khang cu ma doi vdi nhungphuong phap xii ly truySn thong chua xd ly dugc Su oxi hoa UV la qua trinhhoa hoc phan ung loai bo nhung chit gay 6 nhiem trong mlu nude va giam sutdudi anh hudng cua anh sang UV Su da dang cua nhung phan ling oxi hoabuc xa trong qua trinh xay ra, nhftng san pham cua phan dng vdi chat gay 6nhiem httu co la CO2, H2O va nhung mudi vo ca (Cokay, 2002)

a) Qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao su- dung UVva H2O2

Qua trinh quang phan H2O2 dudi tac dung buc xa UV tao ra goc *OH xay

ra theo phuang trinh dudi day:

2*OH

Khoa hum tot nghepLop DH10MT

Anion HO2" lai co he so hap thu biic xa UV cao a budc song 253,7 nm, vivay trong thuc tS cung co thi sur dung den UV hoi thuy ngan ap suat thap detaog6c*OHtirH2O2

Hien tupng quang hoa nhung qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao la mot congnghe phat triin de x^ ly nude thai UV va H2O2 la qua trinh oxi hoa sir dungrong rai xu ly nude thai va day la nhung khia canh quan trong cho nhung detai cd lien quan ddn oxi hoa quang hoa Co hhieu so lieu nghien cfa oxi hoaquang hoa v UV va H2O2 HSu hSt thupc vS cong nghiep det Qua trinh oxihoa sinh ra nhung goc tu do ( OH) phan tag va lam giam sut nhung hop chathim co cd tinh chiu lira trong nude thai

b)Qua trinh quang hoa Fenton

He quang hoa fenton (Fenton/UV) la phucmg phap xu li nude thai, rathieu qua va it tdn kem Phuong phap nay cd hieu qua xil li tot hon he phantag Fenton khong quang hoa nhd sir tuong tac cua cac brie xa UV vdi tacnhan fenton tao nhieu hem goc hydroxyl *OH cd kha nang oxi hoa manh hon

ca ozone va H2O2 va chi sau flo.

Trong nhtag di^u kien toi uu cua qua trinh fenton hie khi pH thap (pH <4), ion Fe3+ phan ldn se nam dudi dang phiic [Fe3+(OH)"]2+ Chinh dang nayhap thu anh sang UV trong mien 250 < X < 400 nm rat manh, hon han so vdiion Fe3+ Phan tag khir Fe3+(OH)']2+ trong dung dich bang qua trinh quanghoa hpc cho phep tao ra mot so gdc *OH phu them theo phuong trinh :

Fe3+ + H2O -^ [Fe3+(OH)f+ + H^

[Fe3+(OH)"]2+ + hv -^ Fe2+ + *OHTong hop hai phuong trinh tren se duoc :

Fe3+ + H2O + hv -^ Fe2+ + H+ + *OHPhan fag nay la phan fag dac trung cua qua trinh quang fenton (Munter,

2001).

c)Qua trinh oxi hoa nang cao sw dung ozone va UV

Ca ozone Ian UV duoc biet den tir lau dupe dung cho su khu hoat hoacua nhtag sinh vat gay benh ma cd the chua nhi^u trong nude va he thdngnude thai Ap suat thip cua den hoi thuy ngan phat ra anh sang tia cue tim vdicudng do cao nhat cd budc song tir 185- 254 nm Cac buc xa song ng^n cdhieu qua pha vd lien ket phan hi trong DNA cua vi sinh vat Buc xa tia cue timGVHD: ThS Truong Klin ThpTrang 16

SVTH: HO Van TMng

Klwa luan tdt nghepL&p DH10MT

cung cung cap nang lugng can thiSt cho qua trinh phan huy ciia ozone, din densir hinh thanh cua hai gdc hydroxyl (*OH)

Ca chl sinh ra g6c hydroxyl (*OH) khi kit hap O3 va UV:

H2O2 +2O3- 2'0n + 302 (Munter, 2001)

Ket hop ozone vai tia cue tim (UV) rat co hieu qua vai cac chat gay 6nhiem hiu ca vi kha nang oxy hda rat cao ciia cac goc tu do hydroxyl (2,8eV).Ddi vdi phan ung O3/UV (con goi la ozone hoa photolytic) trong dung dich

nude, ozone rat manh va ket hap vdi nude de tao ra goc *OH, it cd sir lira chon

nao han ozone so vdi cac chat oxi hoa hoa hoc khac ozone cd hieu qua phanfag vdi cac chat 6 nhiem him ca cd the tac dung, vdi ozone con du chuyen ddithanh hai goc hydroxyl tren phan tu ozone Muc tieu ciia qua trinh oxi hda latan cdng vao cac doi tupng trong nude thai lam dpt ngot thay ddi tinh chat ciiachat 6 nhilm tu do se de dang xii ly han Vdi hydroxyl hoat tinh cao va khdng

cd chon loc, kha nang cua cac phan tu: ozone dd lam viec hieu qua dugc nangcao, oxi hda ddn didm ma no cd thd dl dang phan hiiy

Cac thong so tdi uu quan trong cho he thong O3/UV la lieu lugng ozone,mta dp chieu xa tia UV va dp pH Ddi vdi lieu lupng ozone thich hop, mucozone cao phai dugc duy tri lien tac khi ozone vao dung dich nude Mot trongnhung thiet ke hieu qua cho 'cac he thong O3 / UV la 16 phun ap lire kit hopphan fag thii clp O3/UV, mpt he thdng lpc nhd gipt dugc tao ra, ddi mdi lientuc trong cpt trdn khi va tang curing dp hoa tan khi cho viec sir dung tdt hancac tia cue tim chieu xa Khi pH tang, ozone se dl dang han chuyln ddi sanghydroxyl, lam tang tdc dp qua trinh oxi hda cua cac chit gay d nhilm nhuthudc tru sau va xyanua Sir can blng giua dp pH, quang phan UV va lilulugng ozone phai dugc xem xet trong thiet ke he thdng va kiem soat hieu quatdi da Ddi vdi bat ky ty le ozone hda nhat dinh, ton tai mot siic manh biic xatrung binh ma tai do qua trinh oxi hda hieu qua den miic dp tdi da

Trang 18GVHD: ThS Tnvang KiSn Tho

SVTH: H8 Van Thing

3.3 Mite tieu nghien ctru

3.3.1.Muc tieu chung

-Xii ly nuac thai che bien mint Ch^u Doc blng he oxi hoa nang cao(Ozone + UV)

3.3.2.Muc tieu cu thi

-Xac dinh thanh phan nuac thai ch^ bien mim Chau D6c

Thu mlu va phan tich mlutruac khi bo tri mo hinh

Chuln bi dung cu lam mo

hinh

T6ng hop s6 lieu Thu thap s6 lieu

Noi dung cong viec

CHtfONG in: N0I DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU

3.1.Doi tu'p'ng nghien cuu

-Nuac thai che bien mam Chau Doc.

3.2.Thbi gian nghien cu'u

-Thai gian thuc hien tu ngay 15/01/2013 - 02/05/2013

Bang 3.1: Tiin do thuc Men di tdi

L&p DH10MTKhoa luan totnghep